CN112902028B - Leak detection system - Google Patents
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- CN112902028B CN112902028B CN201911220205.XA CN201911220205A CN112902028B CN 112902028 B CN112902028 B CN 112902028B CN 201911220205 A CN201911220205 A CN 201911220205A CN 112902028 B CN112902028 B CN 112902028B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/02—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
- F17D5/06—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss using electric or acoustic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/39—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N2021/0106—General arrangement of respective parts
- G01N2021/0112—Apparatus in one mechanical, optical or electronic block
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Abstract
An embodiment of the present application provides a leak detection system, including: the device comprises a laser emitting unit used for emitting laser signals to a detection area and a signal processing unit used for receiving the laser signals passing through the detection area and obtaining a leakage gas concentration value according to the laser signals; the laser emission unit comprises a laser provided with an optical fiber beam splitter, light barriers respectively arranged at the laser output ends of the optical fiber beam splitter and a light barrier control circuit used for controlling the light barriers to move periodically, and the light barrier control circuit is electrically connected with a moving mechanism of the light barriers; this application can be automatic, accurate and convenient definite detection area in whether have gas leakage and take place the position of leaking.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of detection equipment, in particular to a leak detection system.
Background
With the rapid increase of energy demand, the construction of gas transmission pipelines in China develops towards large pipelines with large aperture and high pressure, however, with the increase of the pipe age, pipeline leakage happens occasionally, which not only can cause the waste of energy and cause huge direct or indirect economic loss, but also can seriously pollute the environment, more seriously, natural gas is inflammable and explosive gas, and is extremely easy to explode when encountering open fire, and if the gas leaks in densely populated areas, a large amount of casualties of personnel can be caused, so the detection of the pipeline gas leakage is very important.
The inventor finds that the leakage point is positioned by detecting the change of the temperature near the leakage source by the optical fiber leak detection method in the prior art, but when the leakage amount is less, the detection sensitivity requirement of the optical fiber sensor is quite high; the negative pressure wave method can calculate the leakage position according to the time difference of the negative pressure wave reaching the upstream and downstream measuring points and the propagation speed of the negative pressure wave in the pipeline, but is not suitable for detecting the leakage of the natural gas pipeline.
Therefore, the inventor provides a leak detection system by virtue of experience and practice of related industries for many years so as to overcome the defects of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
To the problem among the prior art, the application provides a leak hunting system, can be automatic, accurate and convenient confirm detect the position whether have gas leakage and take place to leak in the region.
In order to solve the technical problem, the application provides the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present application provides a leak detection system comprising:
the device comprises a laser emitting unit used for emitting laser signals to a detection area and a signal processing unit used for receiving the laser signals passing through the detection area and obtaining a leakage gas concentration value according to the laser signals;
the laser emission unit comprises a laser provided with an optical fiber beam splitter, light barriers respectively arranged at each laser output end of the optical fiber beam splitter, and a light barrier control circuit used for controlling the light barriers to move periodically, wherein the light barrier control circuit is electrically connected with a moving mechanism of the light barriers.
Further, the signal processing unit includes a photodetector and a signal processor, the photodetector is electrically connected to the signal processor, the photodetector is configured to receive the laser signal and convert the laser signal into a laser analog current signal, and the signal processor is configured to convert the laser analog current signal sent by the photodetector into a laser analog digital signal and convert the laser analog digital signal into a leakage gas concentration value according to a preset conversion rule.
Furthermore, the laser signal detection device also comprises at least one plane mirror which is arranged in the detection area and used for changing the propagation light path of the laser signal, and the plane mirror is a rotatable structure.
The detection device further comprises a concave mirror which is arranged in the detection area and used for converging the laser signals of which the propagation light paths are changed by the plane mirror to a laser signal receiving end of the signal processing unit.
Furthermore, the moving mechanism comprises a fixed support arranged at the laser output end and at least one spring connected with the fixed support and the light barrier, an electromagnetic coil is fixedly arranged between the light barrier and the fixed support, and the electromagnetic coil is electrically connected with the light barrier control circuit.
Furthermore, the light barrier includes fixed part and with the shielding part that the fixed part is connected perpendicularly, a side end face of fixed part with the one end of spring is connected, the other end of spring with fixed bolster is connected.
Further, the gas leakage detection device further comprises a laser driving circuit used for modulating a laser signal with a specific wavelength, the laser driving circuit is electrically connected with the laser, and the laser signal with the specific wavelength generated by the laser can be absorbed by leakage gas.
Furthermore, each laser output end of the optical fiber beam splitter is also provided with an optical fiber collimator.
Furthermore, the signal processing unit further comprises a signal amplifier, and the signal amplifier is used for denoising the laser analog current signal obtained by the photoelectric detector and transmitting the denoised laser analog current signal to the signal processor.
The signal processor converts the temperature digital signal and the laser analog digital signal into a leakage gas concentration value according to a preset conversion rule.
According to the above technical solution, the present application provides a leak detection system, wherein a laser device with an optical fiber beam splitter generates a plurality of laser signals, each laser output end of the optical fiber beam splitter is respectively provided with a light barrier, the light barriers are controlled by a light barrier control circuit to periodically move, so that the plurality of laser signals are respectively and periodically emitted to different detection areas, a signal processing unit receives the laser signals and determines that gas leakage occurs on a preset propagation light path of the corresponding laser signals according to a leakage gas concentration value obtained after processing, the present application can perform more comprehensive and accurate leakage gas detection on different detection areas by emitting a plurality of laser signals, and simultaneously, only one laser signal is emitted to the detection area by arranging the light barrier which can be periodically moved, so that when the signal processing unit determines that gas leakage occurs according to the leakage gas concentration value corresponding to the laser signals, the specific location of the gas leak can be further determined based on the propagation path of the laser signal.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a leak detection system according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of laser signal propagation for a leak detection system described herein;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the light barrier of the present application when the light barrier does not block the laser signal;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the light barrier when blocking a laser signal.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It should be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that embodiments of the application described herein may be used. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
In this application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.
Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "provided," "connected," and "sleeved" are to be construed broadly. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or a unitary construction; can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements or components. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In the prior art, the leakage point is positioned by detecting the change of the temperature near the leakage source through an optical fiber leakage detection method, but when the leakage amount is less, the requirement on the detection sensitivity of the optical fiber sensor is quite high; the leakage detection system comprises a detection area, a pipeline, a negative pressure wave method and a leakage detection system, wherein the pipeline is provided with a plurality of measurement points, the measurement points are arranged in the pipeline, and the measurement points are arranged at the measurement points.
In order to automatically, accurately and conveniently determine whether a gas leaks from a detection area and a position where the gas leaks, an embodiment of a leak detection system is provided, and referring to fig. 1, in this embodiment, the leak detection system specifically includes a laser emitting unit 1 for emitting a laser signal to the detection area and a signal processing unit 2 for receiving the laser signal passing through the detection area and obtaining a value of a leaked gas concentration according to the laser signal.
It is understood that the signal processing unit 2 may be an existing device and software system capable of receiving a laser signal and obtaining a gas concentration value according to the received laser signal based on a TDLAS (Tunable laser absorption Spectroscopy gas detection principle).
The laser emission unit 1 comprises a laser 4 provided with an optical fiber beam splitter 3 and used for generating the laser signal, light barriers 5 respectively arranged at each laser output end of the optical fiber beam splitter 3, and a light barrier control circuit 6 used for controlling the light barriers 5 to move periodically, wherein the light barrier control circuit 6 is electrically connected with a moving mechanism of the light barriers 5.
Alternatively, the laser 4 may adopt an existing device capable of generating and emitting a laser signal, and by providing the optical fiber beam splitter 3 on the laser 4, one laser signal generated by the laser 4 may be divided into a plurality of laser signals, and the plurality of laser signals are respectively emitted to different detection areas, so as to detect the leaking gas in the different detection areas.
Alternatively, when a certain laser signal is determined to be absorbed by the leaking gas (for example, natural gas), in order to determine which specific laser signal is absorbed by the leaking gas from the plurality of laser signals, the light blocking plates 5 may be respectively disposed at the laser output ends of the optical fiber beam splitter 3, and the plurality of laser signals may be blocked by controlling the light blocking plates 5, so that only the specified laser signal is emitted to the detection area, thereby accurately determining which laser signal is absorbed by the leaking gas.
Alternatively, the moving mechanism may be an existing mechanism that can drive the light barrier 5 to move according to a control signal.
In a specific example, the laser 4 generates a laser signal and splits the laser signal into a laser signal a, a laser signal B, a laser signal C and a laser signal D through the optical fiber beam splitter 3, in an oil and gas delivery pipeline, the four laser signals respectively point to detection areas in four different directions (such as upper left, lower left, upper right and lower right) in the pipeline, meanwhile, 4 laser output ends of the optical fiber beam splitter 3 are respectively provided with a light barrier 5A, a light barrier 5B, a light barrier 5C and a light barrier 5D, under the control of the light barrier control circuit 6, the light barrier 5A is controlled to be lifted within 0 to 5 seconds of starting operation of the system, the light barrier 5B, the light barrier 5C and the light barrier 5D are controlled to be lowered, so that only the laser signal a is emitted to the corresponding detection area, the light barrier 5B is controlled to be lifted within 5 to 10 seconds of starting operation of the system, the light barrier 5A, the light barrier 5C and the light barrier 5D are controlled to descend so that only the laser signal B is emitted to the corresponding detection area, and so on, to ensure that only one laser signal is emitted to the detection area at a time.
As can be seen from the above description, according to the leak detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, the laser 4 provided with the optical fiber beam splitter 3 generates a plurality of laser signals, the light barriers 5 are respectively provided at each laser output end of the optical fiber beam splitter 3, and the light barriers 5 are controlled by the light barrier control circuit 6 to move periodically, so that the plurality of laser signals respectively emit to different detection areas periodically, and the signal processing unit 2 receives the laser signals and determines that gas leakage occurs on the preset propagation path of the corresponding laser signals according to the concentration value of the leakage gas obtained after processing In this case, the specific location where the gas leak occurs can be further determined based on the propagation path of the laser signal.
As a preferred embodiment, the signal processing unit 2 includes a photodetector 7 and a signal processor 8, the photodetector 7 is electrically connected to the signal processor 8, the photodetector 7 is configured to receive the laser signal and convert the laser signal into a laser analog current signal, and the signal processor 8 is configured to convert the laser analog current signal sent by the photodetector 7 into a laser analog digital signal and convert the laser analog digital signal into a leakage gas concentration value according to a preset conversion rule.
Optionally, the photodetector 7 may employ a PIN diode to receive the laser signal absorbed by the leaking gas, and the current passing through the PIN diode is linearly related to the received laser signal, and the voltage is proportional to the current, so that the intensity of the light intensity signal can be represented by the magnitude of the voltage signal, and the laser signal is converted into a laser analog current signal; in the present embodiment, the germanium band amplification photodetector 7, model PDA50B2, is preferably selected, and has a response wavelength range of 800-1800nm and a bandwidth range from DC to 510 kHz.
Optionally, the signal processor 8 first converts the laser analog current signal sent by the photodetector 7 into a laser analog digital signal, and then, according to a specific value of the laser analog digital signal and a preset conversion rule, inverts the laser analog digital signal into a value related to the concentration of the leaking gas (for example, natural gas), and may output the concentration value to a display, where it is understood that the preset conversion rule is to obtain a value representing the gas concentration from a value representing the laser characteristics according to the tunable laser absorption spectrum gas detection principle.
Referring to fig. 2, as a preferred embodiment, the detection device further includes at least one plane mirror 9 disposed in the detection area for changing the propagation path of the laser signal, and a concave mirror 10 disposed in the detection area for converging the laser signal, the propagation path of which is changed by the plane mirror 9, to a laser signal receiving end of the signal processing unit 2, where the plane mirror 9 is a rotatable structure.
Optionally, because the oil and gas pipeline is not always kept straight, the trend of the oil and gas pipeline is possibly bent, and the laser signal is transmitted along the straight line, and cannot be continuously detected forwards when the oil and gas pipeline is bent, at least one plane mirror 9 is arranged in the detection area, the laser signal transmitted into the detection area is reflected by the rotatable plane mirror 9, so that the transmission light path of the laser signal is changed, the laser signal can be continuously detected forwards through the bent part of the pipeline, and the rotatable plane mirror 9 can rotate around the direction vertical to the paper surface, so that the individual requirements for selecting the detection area are met; because a plurality of laser signals may have different propagation directions, in order to save cost and improve efficiency in practical production and application, only one signal processing unit 2 is usually arranged for receiving each laser signal, therefore, a concave mirror 10 may be arranged in the oil-gas pipeline, when each laser signal is reflected by the plane mirror 9 and reaches the corresponding concave mirror 10, the concave mirror 10 can focus a light beam emitted from any angle on one point, and the receiving surface of the photoelectric detector 7 is arranged on the point, so that each laser signal can be received. In this example, four rotatable flat mirrors 9 and four concave mirrors 10 may be used.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, as a preferred embodiment, the laser light blocking device further includes a fixing bracket disposed at the laser output end and at least one spring 11 connecting the fixing bracket and the light blocking plate 5, the light blocking plate 5 is made of a ferrous material, an electromagnetic coil 12 is further fixedly disposed between the light blocking plate 5 and the fixing bracket, the electromagnetic coil 12 is electrically connected to the light blocking plate control circuit 6, the light blocking plate 5 includes a fixing portion 13 and a shielding portion 14 perpendicularly connected to the fixing portion 13, one end surface of the fixing portion 13 is connected to one end of the spring 11, and the other end of the spring 11 is connected to the fixing bracket.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 3, when the light barrier control circuit 6 energizes the electromagnetic coil 12, the electromagnetic coil 12 generates a magnetic attraction effect, and the light barrier 5 is displaced upward by the magnetic attraction effect, so that the laser output end of the optical fiber beam splitter 3 is in an open state, and thus, a laser signal can be emitted into a detection area; on the contrary, referring to fig. 4, when the circuit is not powered on, the light barrier 5 is displaced downward by the elastic force of the spring 11 and its own gravity, so that the laser output end of the optical fiber beam splitter 3 is in a closed state, and the laser signal cannot pass through the shielding portion 14 of the light barrier 5, and therefore, the laser signal cannot be emitted into the detection area.
As a preferred embodiment, the gas leakage detection device further comprises a laser driving circuit 15 for modulating a laser signal with a specific wavelength, the laser driving circuit 15 is electrically connected to the laser 4, and the laser signal with the specific wavelength generated by the laser 4 can be absorbed by the leakage gas.
Alternatively, the laser driving circuit 15 mainly functions to supply a stable current to the light source, so that the laser 4 emits laser light with a stable wavelength. In this embodiment, the laser driving circuit 15 includes a high-frequency sine wave with a frequency of 50kHZ and a low-frequency sawtooth wave with a frequency of 50HZ, and two harmonic waves are superimposed to provide a stable current signal for the tunable semiconductor laser 4.
Optionally, the laser 4 is a distributed feedback semiconductor laser 4(DFB), and can be controlled by the laser driving circuit 15 to emit stable laser with a specific wavelength. In the embodiment, the main component of natural gas is methane, and the methane gas molecules have the maximum absorption peak near the wavelength of 1.654 μm, so that the central wavelength of the laser is set to 1.654 μm by modulating the methane gas molecules by the laser driving circuit 15, which can greatly reduce the influence of background noise and effectively improve the detection accuracy.
In a preferred embodiment, each laser output end of the optical fiber beam splitter 3 is further provided with an optical fiber collimator 16, the optical fiber collimator 16 can convert the transmission light in the optical fiber into collimated light (parallel light), and the optical fiber collimator 16 can be specifically disposed between each laser output end of the optical fiber beam splitter 3 and the light barrier 5.
As a preferred embodiment, the signal processing unit 2 further includes a signal amplifier 17, and the signal amplifier 17 is configured to perform denoising processing on the laser analog current signal obtained by the photodetector 7, and transmit the denoised laser analog current signal to the signal processor 8.
Alternatively, the signal amplifier 17 may be a lock-in amplifier that separates out the specific carrier frequency signal associated with gas absorption and filters out the noise signal. In the present embodiment, an OE2041 digital lock-in amplifier is preferably adopted, which can accurately and rapidly measure the effective signal component submerged in the large noise and the phase information thereof.
As a preferred embodiment, the system further comprises a thermocouple temperature measuring device arranged in the detection area for obtaining a temperature digital signal, and the signal processor 8 converts the temperature digital signal and the laser analog digital signal into a leakage gas concentration value according to a preset conversion rule.
Optionally, in order to make the obtained leaking gas concentration value more accurate, a more dimensional conversion parameter, such as temperature, may be added to the preset conversion rule, a thermocouple temperature measuring device is disposed in the detection area to measure the current temperature of the detection area, so as to obtain a temperature digital signal, and the temperature digital signal is converted by combining with the obtained laser analog digital signal, so as to obtain a more accurate leaking gas concentration value.
The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention should fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A leak detection system, comprising: the device comprises a laser emitting unit used for emitting laser signals to different detection areas and a signal processing unit used for receiving the laser signals passing through each detection area and obtaining a leakage gas concentration value according to the laser signals;
the laser emission unit comprises a laser provided with an optical fiber beam splitter, light barriers respectively arranged at the laser output ends of the optical fiber beam splitter and a light barrier control circuit used for controlling the light barriers to move periodically, and the light barrier control circuit is electrically connected with a moving mechanism of the light barriers;
the moving mechanism comprises a fixed support arranged at the laser output end and at least one spring for connecting the fixed support and the light barrier, an electromagnetic coil is fixedly arranged between the light barrier and the fixed support, and the electromagnetic coil is electrically connected with the light barrier control circuit;
the light barrier comprises a fixing part and a shielding part vertically connected with the fixing part, one side end face of the fixing part is connected with one end of the spring, and the other end of the spring is connected with the fixing support.
2. The leak detection system of claim 1, wherein the signal processing unit comprises a photodetector and a signal processor, the photodetector is electrically connected to the signal processor, the photodetector is configured to receive the laser signal and convert the laser signal into a laser analog current signal, and the signal processor is configured to convert the laser analog current signal sent by the photodetector into a laser analog digital signal and convert the laser analog digital signal into a leakage gas concentration value according to a preset conversion rule.
3. The leak detection system defined in claim 1, further comprising at least one flat mirror disposed in the detection region for altering the path of propagation of the laser signal, the flat mirror being a rotatable structure.
4. The leak detection system according to claim 3, further comprising a concave mirror disposed in the detection region for converging the laser signal whose propagation path is changed by the plane mirror to a laser signal receiving end of the signal processing unit.
5. The leak detection system of claim 1, further comprising a laser driver circuit for modulating a laser signal of a particular wavelength, the laser driver circuit being electrically connected to the laser, the laser signal having the particular wavelength generated by the laser being absorbable by the leaking gas.
6. The leak detection system of claim 1, wherein each laser output end of the fiber optic splitter is further provided with a fiber collimator.
7. The leak detection system according to claim 2, wherein the signal processing unit further comprises a signal amplifier, and the signal amplifier is configured to denoise the laser analog current signal obtained by the photodetector, and transmit the denoised laser analog current signal to the signal processor.
8. The leak detection system of claim 2, further comprising a thermocouple temperature measurement device disposed in the detection region for obtaining a temperature digital signal, the signal processor converting the temperature digital signal and the laser analog digital signal to a leak gas concentration value according to a preset conversion rule.
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| CN106018339A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-10-12 | 山东微感光电子有限公司 | Self-adaption reflection-type infrared laser industrial dangerous leaking gas monitoring device |
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| CN205898666U (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-01-18 | 山西中科华仪科技有限公司 | Gaseous detection device of passive gas based on fiber optic coupling |
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