CN112901731A - Flexible motor and flexible starting method - Google Patents
Flexible motor and flexible starting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112901731A CN112901731A CN202110323557.9A CN202110323557A CN112901731A CN 112901731 A CN112901731 A CN 112901731A CN 202110323557 A CN202110323557 A CN 202110323557A CN 112901731 A CN112901731 A CN 112901731A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/76—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with an orbital gear having teeth formed or arranged for obtaining multiple gear ratios, e.g. nearly infinitely variable
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H35/00—Gearings or mechanisms with other special functional features
- F16H35/10—Arrangements or devices for absorbing overload or preventing damage by overload
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
- H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
- F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
- F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
- F16H2200/2005—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with one sets of orbital gears
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
- F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
- F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
- F16H2200/2033—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with one engaging means
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Abstract
The invention provides a flexible motor, which solves the technical problems that the existing motor is easy to block when being started or overloaded, the time is too long and even the motor is burnt; the motor comprises a motor shell, wherein a motor end cover is arranged at the front end of the motor shell, a motor electromagnetic main body is arranged at the rear end inside the motor shell, a motor inner end cover is arranged at the middle position inside the motor shell, and a motor outer side inner cavity is arranged at the position, close to the motor end cover, of the front end inside the motor shell; the output end of the motor electromagnetic main body is provided with a motor rotor output shaft, the motor rotor output shaft is rotationally connected with an inner end cover of the motor, and a transmission sun gear is fixedly arranged on the motor rotor output shaft. The invention is an integrated flexible motor, and a client does not need to consider the difficult problems of starting and overload of the motor during model selection, can give full play to the self-adaptive adjustment of starting, running and overload of the flexible motor, gives play to the optimal performance and the highest efficiency of the motor, and can automatically protect the safe running of the motor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flexible motor, in particular to a flexible motor and a flexible starting method.
Background
The motor is used as an electromagnetic mechanical device for electromechanical energy conversion, is widely applied to various occasions of power transmission, corresponds to a certain characteristic curve for motors with various specifications, has a relatively stable boundary range, and has the following main boundaries:
(1) current maximum and large current duration, voltage maximum and high voltage duration, torque maximum and large torque duration for the start-up state.
(2) Current range and voltage range in the rated state.
(3) Maximum current and high current durations, maximum voltage and high voltage durations, maximum torque and high torque durations for locked rotor conditions.
When the motor is started and overloaded, the motor is easy to approach or exceed the boundary of the maximum value of the motor characteristic, the motor can be blocked, the time is too long, and even the motor is burnt, so that the energy waste phenomenon of the large horse-drawn trolley caused by over-power model selection is very common in application.
In order to solve the problem that the motor does not exceed the inherent characteristic boundary in the operation process, a plurality of technologies are applied to the starting of the motor at present, including an electric control starting technology and a mechanical soft starting technology.
The existing electric control starting technology mostly sacrifices the performance of the motor, prolongs the starting time to solve the problem of motor starting, is difficult to solve the problem of overload locked rotor after rated operation, has high cost of a control system and high technical difficulty of solving the overload locked rotor, is difficult to simultaneously solve the two problems of starting and overload due to large characteristic and cost difference of different electric control starting technologies, is difficult to be combined with the motor into an integrated motor product, is difficult to form a serialized motor product, and brings inconvenience to engineering application design and field operation.
The existing mechanical soft start technology mainly comprises a hydraulic coupling technology and a magnetic coupling technology of the traditional Fisher principle, the two technologies have the problems of large volume caused by low power density and theoretical power loss of slip in rated operation, in order to improve the transmission efficiency of rated working conditions, after the start is finished, the idle power loss is reduced by reducing the slip or locking 0 slip as much as possible in a control mode, but simultaneously, overload torque can be quickly transmitted back to a motor in overload, even if the slip is expanded by a control means in overload, the slip is difficult to expand in a short time of transmission between force and force, the overload can also cause the technical problems of motor stalling and even burning, and the cost of a system participating in the control is high and the technical difficulty is high. The above characteristics of the mechanical soft start technology are difficult to be integrated with the motor to form an integral motor product, and a serialized motor product is difficult to form, so that inconvenience is brought to engineering application design and field operation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems that the existing motor technology is difficult to solve the problems of starting and overload stalling simultaneously, the energy waste phenomenon of a large horse-drawn trolley caused by over-power model selection is serious, the control system cost and the technical difficulty caused by different processing technologies are high, and the motor are difficult to combine into an integrated and standardized motor product, so that the inconvenience is brought to engineering application design and field operation, the invention provides a self-starting motor which is under the working condition of loaded starting, can fully play the starting performance of the motor, greatly reduces the loaded starting current of the motor, has no transmission slip power loss under the rated transmission state, has no self-adaptive torque limit exceeding the motor stalling range under the overload state, can effectively protect the motor from running within the designed characteristic curve range, can be normally selected, has no control system and can be self-adaptive, The flexible motor is integrated by electromechanical synthesis.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention is that the flexible motor comprises a motor outer shell, wherein a motor end cover is arranged at the front end of the motor outer shell, a motor electromagnetic main body is arranged at the rear end inside the motor outer shell, a motor inner end cover is arranged at the middle position inside the motor outer shell, and a motor outer inner cavity is arranged at the position, close to the motor end cover, of the front end inside the motor outer shell; the output end of the motor electromagnetic main body is provided with a motor rotor output shaft, and the motor rotor output shaft is rotationally connected with an inner end cover of the motor;
the output end of the output shaft of the motor rotor is provided with a continuously variable transmission, the continuously variable transmission is positioned in the inner cavity outside the motor and comprises a transmission shell, the inner cavity of the transmission shell is provided with oil liquid, one end of the transmission shell is provided with a motor output shaft, and the motor output shaft is fixedly connected with the transmission shell; the output end of the output shaft of the motor rotor penetrates through the transmission shell to enter the inner cavity of the transmission, a transmission sun wheel is fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the motor rotor positioned in the inner cavity of the transmission, a transmission planet wheel assembly is arranged on the outer circumference of the transmission sun wheel and consists of a plurality of transmission planet wheels, the transmission planet wheels are rotationally fixed on the inner wall of the transmission shell, the plurality of transmission planet wheels are respectively meshed with the transmission sun wheel, a transmission bucket wheel assembly is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the transmission planet wheel assembly and consists of a plurality of transmission bucket wheels, and the transmission bucket wheels are fixedly connected with the transmission planet wheels; the output shaft of the motor rotor is rotationally connected with the transmission shell; the motor output shaft is rotationally connected with the motor end cover.
Preferably, the motor end cover is connected with the motor outer shell through screws.
Preferably, the output shaft of the motor rotor is connected with the sun gear of the transmission through a spline.
A flexible starting method of a flexible motor comprises the following steps:
(1) electrifying the motor and starting the motor;
(2) the output shaft of the motor rotor drives the sun gear of the transmission to rotate, and at the initial starting stage, the output shaft of the motor connected with the load is fixed, and the transmission shell fixedly connected with the output shaft of the motor is fixed;
(3) the sun wheel of the speed changer drives the planet wheel of the speed changer to rotate, the bucket wheel of the speed changer synchronously rotates along with the planet wheel of the speed changer, the bucket wheel of the speed changer stirs oil in the inner cavity of the speed changer, the oil in the inner cavity of the speed changer forms stirring resistance in the circumferential direction of the bucket wheel of the speed changer, the stirring resistance is related to the rotation speed of the bucket wheel of the speed changer, the stirring resistance is very small at the beginning, and the motor is started under light load;
(4) along with the increase of the rotating speed of the motor, the stirring resistance formed by the oil in the cavity of the transmission in the circumferential direction of the bucket wheel of the transmission is increased, the stirring resistance acts on the output shaft of the motor through the transmission shell, and after the load resistance connected with the output shaft of the motor is broken through, the transmission shell and the output shaft of the motor start to rotate;
(5) the rotation of the transmission planetary wheels and the revolution of the transmission planetary wheels are started simultaneously along with the rotation of the transmission shell, the oil liquid in the inner cavity of the transmission starts to have revolving centrifugal force, the rotation speed of the transmission planetary wheels starts to be reduced along with the gradual increase of the rotation speed of the transmission shell, the rotation speed of the transmission shell gradually approaches the rotation speed of the sun wheel of the transmission, after the rotation speed of the transmission planetary wheels starts to be reduced, the speed of the oil liquid stirred by the bucket wheel of the transmission starts to be reduced, but the centrifugal force of the oil liquid in the inner cavity of the transmission increases along with the increase of the rotation speed of the transmission shell, finally, the rotation speed of the transmission planetary wheels is reduced to 0, the sun wheel of the transmission and the transmission shell are in constant-speed synchronous transmission, the centrifugal force of the oil liquid in the, the rotating speed of the output shaft of the motor rotor is synchronously transmitted to the output shaft of the motor, so that constant-speed stable output is realized;
(6) when the load fluctuates and is overloaded or the motor is regulated and controlled, the changed external force breaks the balance force which keeps the transmission planet wheel and the transmission sun wheel meshed but not rotated, the transmission planet wheel and the transmission sun wheel start to be meshed and rotate, oil in the cavity in the transmission forms stirring in the circumferential direction of the transmission bucket wheel, and part of overload torque is flexibly released through the oil;
and (3) when the load is continuously the overload torque, continuously stirring the oil liquid by the bucket wheel of the transmission, and continuously repeating the process of the step (5) by the stepless transmission until the stepless transmission reaches the balance again, and recovering the constant-speed stable output.
The invention has the advantages that because the output end of the motor rotor output shaft of the flexible motor is provided with the stepless speed changer, the flexible starting characteristic of the stepless speed changer reduces the load of the motor at the initial starting stage, under the condition of loaded starting, the motor rotor output shaft is in the working condition of light load or even similar to no-load starting, the starting performance of the motor can be fully exerted, the loaded starting current of the motor can be greatly reduced, the power loss of the slip of the transmission is avoided under the rated transmission state, the self-adaptive torque limit does not exceed the motor blocking range under the overload state, the motor can be effectively protected to run in the designed characteristic curve range, the integrated integral structure of the whole process self-adaptive running and the electromechanical synthesis is realized, the starting and the overload of the motor do not need to be considered when in engineering application design and field operation, the model is normally selected according to the load of the running working condition, the method brings convenience to design and field operation, and has the advantages of great type selection, energy conservation and matched cost reduction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view at A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view E-E of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a comparison graph of on-load starting currents of a conventional motor and a flexible motor under the same working condition;
fig. 7 is a characteristic graph of the flexible motor.
Description of the symbols in the drawings
1. A motor outer housing; 101. an output shaft of the motor rotor; 102. a motor electromagnetic body; 103. a motor end cover; 104. an inner cavity outside the motor; 105. an inner end cover of the motor; 2. a continuously variable transmission; 201. a transmission housing; 202. an output shaft of the motor; 203. a transmission planet wheel; 204. a transmission sun gear; 205. a transmission planet wheel assembly; 206. a transmission bucket wheel; 207. a transmission inner cavity; 208. transmission bucket wheel assembly.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Fig. 1-7 show a flexible motor of the present invention, which includes a motor outer casing 1, a motor end cover 103 is disposed at the front end of the motor outer casing 1, a motor electromagnetic main body 102 is disposed at the rear end inside the motor outer casing 1, a motor inner end cover 105 is disposed at the middle position inside the motor outer casing 1, and a motor outer inner cavity 104 is disposed at the front end inside the motor outer casing 1, which is close to the motor end cover 103.
As can be seen in fig. 4, the output end of the electromagnetic body 102 of the motor is provided with a motor rotor output shaft 101, and the motor rotor output shaft 101 is rotatably connected with an inner end cover 105 of the motor; the output end of the output shaft 101 of the motor rotor is provided with a continuously variable transmission 2, the continuously variable transmission 2 is positioned in the inner cavity 104 outside the motor, the continuously variable transmission 2 comprises a transmission shell 201, the inner cavity 207 of the transmission is arranged in the transmission shell 201, oil is arranged in the inner cavity 207 of the transmission, one end of the transmission shell 201 is provided with a motor output shaft 202, and the motor output shaft 202 is fixedly connected with the transmission shell 201; the output end of the motor rotor output shaft 101 penetrates through the transmission housing 201 and enters the transmission inner cavity 207, a transmission sun gear 204 is fixedly arranged on the motor rotor output shaft 101 in the transmission inner cavity 207, a transmission planet gear assembly 205 is arranged on the outer circumference of the transmission sun gear 204, the transmission planet gear assembly 205 is composed of a plurality of transmission planet gears 203, the transmission planet gears 203 are rotatably fixed on the inner wall of the transmission housing 201, the plurality of transmission planet gears 203 are respectively meshed with the transmission sun gear 204, a transmission bucket wheel assembly 208 is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the transmission planet gear assembly 205, the transmission bucket wheel assembly 208 is composed of a plurality of transmission bucket wheels 206, and the transmission bucket wheels 206 are fixedly connected with the transmission planet gears 203; the motor rotor output shaft 101 is rotationally connected with the transmission housing 201; the motor output shaft 202 is rotatably connected with the motor end cover 103.
The motor output shaft 202 of this embodiment can be directly connected with a device to be driven, or the tail end of the motor output shaft 202 can be made into a mounting hole form, a power shaft to be connected and driven can be connected with the mounting hole, the mounting hole can be in various forms including a spline hole, a hexagonal inner hole or a quadrangular inner hole, and the like, so that the outer end face of the motor output shaft 202 can be arranged to be flush with the outer surface of the motor end cover 103 or not to exceed the outer surface of the motor end cover 103, the convenience of connection is further improved, and the motor output shaft is suitable for various connection modes and scenes and is convenient to use.
In this embodiment, motor end cover 103 passes through bolted connection with motor housing body 1, and convenient the dismantlement also can adopt other fixed connection modes.
In the technical scheme of the embodiment, the motor rotor output shaft 101 positioned in the transmission inner cavity 207 is connected with the transmission sun gear 204 through a spline, so that the reliability is high, the service life is long, and other rigid connection modes can be adopted.
In the technical scheme of the embodiment, the power of the motor is transmitted to the transmission sun gear 204 through the motor rotor output shaft 101, then transmitted to the transmission shell 201 through the planetary wheel assembly 205 and the transmission bucket wheel assembly 208, and finally transmitted to the motor output shaft 202, so that the power transmission is realized, the load of the motor is only a small load caused by the rotation of the transmission sun gear with a small diameter when the motor is started, and the starting characteristic of the motor can be optimized.
The flexible starting method of the flexible motor of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) electrifying the motor and starting the motor;
(2) the motor rotor output shaft 101 drives the transmission sun gear 204 to rotate, and at the initial starting stage, the motor output shaft 202 connected with the load is immobile, and the transmission shell 201 fixedly connected with the motor output shaft 202 is immobile;
(3) the transmission sun gear 204 drives the transmission planet gear 203 to rotate, the transmission bucket gear 206 rotates synchronously with the transmission planet gear 203, the transmission bucket gear 206 stirs oil in the transmission inner cavity 207, the oil in the transmission inner cavity 207 forms stirring resistance in the circumferential direction of the transmission bucket gear 206, the stirring resistance is related to the rotation speed of the transmission bucket gear 206, the stirring resistance is small at the beginning, and the motor is started under light load;
(4) with the increase of the rotation speed of the motor, the stirring resistance formed by the oil in the transmission inner cavity 207 in the circumferential direction of the transmission bucket 206 is increased, the stirring resistance is acted on the motor output shaft 202 through the transmission shell 201, and after the load resistance connected with the motor output shaft 202 is broken through, the transmission shell 201 and the motor output shaft 202 start to rotate;
(5) as the transmission housing 201 rotates, the transmission planetary wheels 203 rotate and start to revolve, meanwhile, the oil in the transmission inner cavity 207 starts to have revolving centrifugal force, as the rotation speed of the transmission housing 201 gradually increases, the rotation speed of the transmission planetary wheels 203 starts to decrease, the rotation speed of the transmission housing 201 gradually approaches to the rotation speed of the transmission sun wheel 204, after the rotation speed of the transmission planetary wheels 203 starts to decrease, the speed of the transmission sun wheel 204 stirring the oil starts to decrease, but the oil centrifugal force in the transmission inner cavity 207 increases with the increase of the rotation speed of the transmission housing 201, finally, the rotation speed of the transmission planetary wheels 203 decreases to 0, the transmission sun wheel 204 and the transmission housing 201 synchronously transmit at a constant speed, and the oil centrifugal force in the transmission inner cavity 207 becomes balance force which keeps the transmission planetary wheels 203 and the transmission sun wheel 204 meshed but not rotating through the transmission planetary wheels 206, the rotating speed of the motor rotor output shaft 101 is synchronously transmitted to the motor output shaft 202, so that constant-speed stable output is realized;
(6) when the load fluctuates and is overloaded or the motor is regulated and controlled, the changed external force breaks the balance force which keeps the transmission planet wheel 203 and the transmission sun wheel 204 meshed but not rotated, the transmission planet wheel 203 and the transmission sun wheel 204 start to be meshed and rotated, oil in the inner cavity 207 of the transmission forms stirring in the circumferential direction of the transmission bucket wheel 206, and part of overload torque is flexibly released through the oil;
when the load is continuously the overload torque, the transmission bucket wheel 206 continuously stirs the oil, and the continuously variable transmission 2 continuously repeats the process of the step (5) until the balance is reached again, and the constant-speed stable output is recovered.
In this embodiment, the output shaft 101 of the motor rotor directly drives the sun gear 204 of the transmission to rotate, which is more suitable for a starting scenario when the transmission power is large, and the starting efficiency is high.
Because the output end of the motor rotor output shaft 101 is provided with the stepless speed changer 2, the starting load of the motor can be reduced by the flexible starting characteristic of the stepless speed changer 2, the motor is started under the condition that the motor output shaft 202 is fixedly connected with the load, the motor rotor output shaft 101 is in the working condition of light load or even similar to no-load starting, the starting performance of the motor can be fully exerted, the loaded starting current of the motor is greatly reduced, the power loss of the slip of the transmission is avoided under the rated transmission state, the self-adaptive torque limit does not exceed the motor stalling range under the overload state, and the motor can be effectively protected from running within the designed characteristic curve range.
Fig. 6 is a comparison diagram of the loaded starting current of the conventional motor and the flexible motor of the embodiment under the same working condition, wherein a curve 1-1 is a starting current curve of the conventional motor, a curve 1-2 is a starting current curve of the motor of the embodiment, the two curves are test comparisons performed under the same working condition, wherein the value of a vertical axis is a current parameter of the tested motor, and the data comparison between the embodiment and the conventional motor in the diagram is as follows:
(1) the starting maximum current is reduced by 32%;
(2) the whole starting process saves energy by 44%;
(3) the high current maintenance time is shortened by 50%;
(4) the rated working current values are equal, and the transmission efficiency is close to 100%.
Compared with the traditional motor, the motor starting performance can be greatly improved, the motor starting power consumption can be reduced, the rated working condition has no transmission power loss, and the service life of the motor is prolonged.
FIG. 7 is a characteristic curve of the embodiment, three curves in FIG. 7 are respectively a test curve of the embodiment of the present invention, a curve 2-1 is a graph of an output torque of the motor output shaft 202 in a range of a rotation speed from 0 to 3000rpm, a curve 2-2 is a graph of a transmission ratio of the motor rotor output shaft 101 to the motor output shaft 202 in a range of a rotation speed of the motor rotor output shaft 101 from 0 to 3000rpm, and a curve 2-3 is a graph of a transmission efficiency of the motor rotor output shaft 101 to the motor output shaft 202 in a range of a rotation speed from 0 to 3000rpm, the test curve is a characteristic curve test under a condition of a fixed connection load, the rotation speed of the motor rotor output shaft 101 is in a range of a rotation speed from 0 to 3000rpm, and a complete transmission process from a start to a rated operation is performed.
The following characteristics of the transmission of the continuously variable transmission can be seen in the measured characteristic curve in fig. 7:
(1) 0 speed 0 torque at start up;
(2) the ratio of the rotating speed of the motor output shaft 202 to the rotating speed of the motor rotor output shaft 101 is a transmission ratio i, and the curve of the transmission ratio is the whole process of linear change of 0-1;
(3) the curve of the torque M of the motor output shaft 202 is linear 0-highest point-rated torque;
(4) the power ratio of the motor output shaft 202 to the motor rotor output shaft 101 is efficiency eta, and the curve is a linear whole process of 0-100%;
(5) under a rated working condition, the rotating speeds of the motor rotor output shaft 101 and the motor output shaft 202 are completely the same, and 1:1 synchronous transmission is performed;
(6) the whole process realizes the whole process of 0-1, self-adaption and flexible transmission.
The flexible motor of the present embodiment is illustrated to have the following capabilities:
(1) when the speed is changed, the inner part of the stepless speed changer 2 of the flexible motor works, the transmission efficiency is converted between 0 percent and 100 percent, and the linear excellent speed change performance is realized;
(2) when the speed is constant, the interior of the continuously variable transmission 2 of the flexible motor does not work, the motor rotor output shaft 101 and the motor output shaft 202 are in constant-speed transmission, the transmission efficiency is close to 100%, and the energy-saving capacity is huge;
(3) when the speed is constant, the continuously variable transmission 2 of the flexible motor has the speed change capability at any time, and as long as the external conditions change, the self-adaptive conversion from constant speed to speed change can be realized instantly when the balance force which keeps the transmission planet wheel 203 and the transmission sun wheel 204 meshed but not rotating is broken through, and the moment is the change time of acting force and reacting force;
(4) during speed change, the continuously variable transmission 2 of the flexible motor tends to be constant speed at any time, and self-adaptive conversion from speed change to constant speed can be realized as long as conditions are met.
The characteristics are suitable for matching various motors with different powers with different continuously variable transmissions, the transmission power of the continuously variable transmission and the motors with different powers form a matching relationship to form an integral structure, the combination of the motors and the continuously variable transmissions is realized, the integral structure is structurally formed, the serialized specifications are formed on the power, the matched continuously variable transmission with each power realizes the optimization of the characteristic curve of the motors, the flexible motors with better characteristic curves are formed, and the serialized products of the flexible motors are simultaneously formed.
The flexible motor of the embodiment realizes flexible starting, the performance of the motor is fully exerted during starting without sacrificing the performance of the motor, the motor is started under light load or approximately zero load, the starting efficiency is high, the starting time is not prolonged, the rated running state is quickly reached, the transmission power loss of the continuously variable transmission 2 is avoided in the rated running state, and meanwhile, if the overload locked-rotor working condition occurs after the rated running, the continuously variable transmission 2 can absorb the overload load to protect the normal running of the motor. The technical scheme of the embodiment is low in manufacturing cost, and is easy to integrate to form an integrated motor series, and a user can directly purchase flexible motors with various specifications to realize application of various scenes.
Compared with the electric control starting technology and the mechanical soft starting technology, the stepless speed changer in the technical scheme of the flexible motor of the embodiment is an indispensable part of the structural scheme of the flexible integrated motor, forms the integrated flexible motor, the characteristic parameters of the flexible motor are optimized to the maximum extent, no complex control link exists, the flexible motor of the embodiment cannot exceed the inherent characteristic boundary in the operation, the running state of the motor is protected during starting, running and overload, the service life and the reliability of the motor are improved, the low cost of the flexible motor is convenient for selecting various scenes, when the flexible motor is started and overloaded, the motor electromagnetic main body 102 can not be locked, overloaded for a long time or fluctuated in load, and the motor electromagnetic main body 102 can not be burnt, when the flexible motor runs at rated speed, almost no transmission efficiency loss of the stepless speed changer exists, and great convenience is brought to engineering application design and field operation.
The motor selected in the embodiment can be motors in various forms, including a three-phase asynchronous motor, a permanent magnet motor, a synchronous motor and the like.
In this embodiment, the inside front end of the motor outer casing 1 is provided with the inner cavity 104 outside the motor near the motor end cover 103, the continuously variable transmission 2 is arranged in the inner cavity 104 outside the motor, the whole motor is an integrated flexible motor, and the motor output shaft 202 can be directly connected with a load, because the continuously variable transmission 2 is arranged in the flexible motor, the starting and running requirements for the motor are reduced when the motor is selected, and the improvement of the starting, overload and running conditions of the motor electromagnetic main body 102 of the traditional motor is realized.
Because the stepless speed changer 2 is arranged in the integrated flexible motor, the problem that engineers often select large motor power for smooth starting and overload resistance of the motor when the traditional motor is selected is solved, the motor is started easily, and the long-time overload running capability of the motor is improved; the integrated flexible motor has good light-load starting and overload resistance, greatly improves the transmission efficiency of the electromagnetic main body power of the motor due to the existence of the continuously variable transmission when running under rated working conditions, has extremely low power loss, and realizes energy conservation and consumption reduction.
The technical scheme of the integrated flexible motor provided by the embodiment solves the problem that the traditional motor is often close to or surpasses the inherent characteristic boundary in starting and running, and does not need to add an electromagnetic control technology and a mechanical soft starting technology on the basis of the traditional motor, so that the application cost of the motor is reduced; the fixed transmission efficiency loss in the operation of the mechanical soft start technology is avoided, and a large amount of energy is saved; the model is normally selected according to the actual working condition, the phenomenon that a big horse pulls a small car is avoided, and energy conservation and consumption reduction are realized; the flexible transmission of the whole process improves the service life and the running stability of the motor.
The control of the start and the operation of the traditional motor comprises the step of realizing start through electronic control, the step of realizing start and operation through traditional hydraulic coupling and magnetic coupling, the step of realizing start and operation through adding a control system on the basis of hydraulic coupling and magnetic coupling, the three modes are all for improving the start and the operation performance of the traditional motor, but the problems of start, overload and rated transmission efficiency of the motor are difficult to solve simultaneously, the problems are often considered, especially, a hydraulic coupler, a magnetic coupler and a control system are added outside the traditional motor, the size is large, the motor is mostly in a split structure, and the motor is difficult to form a flexible motor with an independent integrated structure.
However, in the technical scheme of the embodiment, the motor outer side inner cavity 104 is arranged at the front end inside the motor outer shell 1 close to the motor end cover 103, the continuously variable transmission 2 is arranged in the motor outer side inner cavity 104, so that an integrated flexible motor is formed, the light-load starting of the motor can be easily realized without increasing an electronic control technology, the motor can be automatically adjusted to avoid exceeding the inherent characteristic boundary of the motor electromagnetic main body 102 during overload, the independent flexible motor with an integrated structure is formed without increasing a complex electronic control technology, the motor is a novel flexible motor, the serialization of power can be formed, when in application, a client can directly realize the conventional model selection of the motor, the starting and overload problems of the motor do not need to be considered, the motor is directly applied to various power transmission occasions, and the self-adaptive adjustment of the starting, running and overload of the flexible motor can be fully exerted, the optimal performance and the highest efficiency of the motor electromagnetic main body 102 are exerted, and the whole process safe operation of the motor electromagnetic main body 102 can be automatically protected.
However, the above description is only exemplary of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereby, and the replacement of the equivalent components or the equivalent changes and modifications made according to the protection scope of the present invention should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a flexible motor, includes motor housing body, characterized by: the motor comprises a motor shell and is characterized in that a motor end cover is arranged at the front end of the motor shell, a motor electromagnetic main body is arranged at the rear end of the interior of the motor shell, a motor inner end cover is arranged at the middle position of the interior of the motor shell, and a motor outer-side inner cavity is arranged at the position, close to the motor end cover, of the front end of the interior of the motor shell; the output end of the motor electromagnetic main body is provided with a motor rotor output shaft, and the motor rotor output shaft is rotationally connected with an inner end cover of the motor;
the output end of the output shaft of the motor rotor is provided with a continuously variable transmission, the continuously variable transmission is positioned in an inner cavity outside the motor and comprises a transmission shell, the inner cavity of the transmission is arranged inside the transmission shell, oil is arranged in the inner cavity of the transmission, one end of the transmission shell is provided with a motor output shaft, and the motor output shaft is fixedly connected with the transmission shell; the output end of the output shaft of the motor rotor penetrates through the transmission shell to enter the inner cavity of the transmission, a transmission sun wheel is fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the motor rotor positioned in the inner cavity of the transmission, a transmission planet wheel assembly is arranged on the outer circumference of the transmission sun wheel and consists of a plurality of transmission planet wheels, the transmission planet wheels are rotationally fixed on the inner wall of the transmission shell, the plurality of transmission planet wheels are respectively meshed with the transmission sun wheel, a transmission bucket wheel assembly is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the transmission planet wheel assembly and consists of a plurality of transmission bucket wheels, and the transmission bucket wheels are fixedly connected with the transmission planet wheels; the output shaft of the motor rotor is rotationally connected with the transmission shell; and the motor output shaft is rotationally connected with the motor end cover.
2. A flexible electric machine according to claim 1, wherein: the motor end cover is connected with the motor outer shell through screws.
3. A flexible electric machine according to claim 1, wherein: and the output shaft of the motor rotor is connected with the sun gear of the transmission through a spline.
4. A flexible starting method of a flexible motor is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) electrifying the motor and starting the motor;
(2) the output shaft of the motor rotor drives the sun gear of the transmission to rotate, and at the initial starting stage, the output shaft of the motor connected with the load is fixed, and the transmission shell fixedly connected with the output shaft of the motor is fixed;
(3) the sun wheel of the speed changer drives the planet wheel of the speed changer to rotate, the bucket wheel of the speed changer synchronously rotates along with the planet wheel of the speed changer, the bucket wheel of the speed changer stirs oil in the inner cavity of the speed changer, the oil in the inner cavity of the speed changer forms stirring resistance in the circumferential direction of the bucket wheel of the speed changer, the stirring resistance is related to the rotation speed of the bucket wheel of the speed changer, the stirring resistance is very small at the beginning, and the motor is started under light load;
(4) along with the increase of the rotating speed of the motor, the stirring resistance formed by the oil in the cavity of the transmission in the circumferential direction of the bucket wheel of the transmission is increased, the stirring resistance acts on the output shaft of the motor through the transmission shell, and after the load resistance connected with the output shaft of the motor is broken through, the transmission shell and the output shaft of the motor start to rotate;
(5) the rotation of the transmission planetary wheels and the revolution of the transmission planetary wheels are started simultaneously along with the rotation of the transmission shell, the oil liquid in the inner cavity of the transmission starts to have revolving centrifugal force, the rotation speed of the transmission planetary wheels starts to be reduced along with the gradual increase of the rotation speed of the transmission shell, the rotation speed of the transmission shell gradually approaches the rotation speed of the sun wheel of the transmission, after the rotation speed of the transmission planetary wheels starts to be reduced, the speed of the oil liquid stirred by the bucket wheel of the transmission starts to be reduced, but the centrifugal force of the oil liquid in the inner cavity of the transmission increases along with the increase of the rotation speed of the transmission shell, finally, the rotation speed of the transmission planetary wheels is reduced to 0, the sun wheel of the transmission and the transmission shell are in constant-speed synchronous transmission, the centrifugal force of the oil liquid in the, the rotating speed of the output shaft of the motor rotor is synchronously transmitted to the output shaft of the motor, so that constant-speed stable output is realized;
(6) when the load fluctuates and is overloaded or the motor is regulated and controlled, the changed external force breaks the balance force which keeps the transmission planet wheel and the transmission sun wheel meshed but not rotated, the transmission planet wheel and the transmission sun wheel start to be meshed and rotate, oil in the cavity in the transmission forms stirring in the circumferential direction of the transmission bucket wheel, and part of overload torque is flexibly released through the oil;
and (3) when the load is continuously the overload torque, continuously stirring the oil liquid by the bucket wheel of the transmission, and continuously repeating the process of the step (5) by the stepless transmission until the stepless transmission reaches the balance again, and recovering the constant-speed stable output.
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| CN112901732A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-04 | 威海团中变速器有限公司 | Flexible motor and flexible starting method |
| CN114665655A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-06-24 | 宋琦 | Brushless motor |
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| CN114665655A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-06-24 | 宋琦 | Brushless motor |
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