CN112898755A - High-light-transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-light-transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- C08J2403/00—Characterised by the use of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08J2403/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
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- C08J2405/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2401/00 or C08J2403/00
- C08J2405/06—Pectin; Derivatives thereof
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- C08J2405/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2401/00 or C08J2403/00
- C08J2405/08—Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof
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- C08J2429/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2429/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
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- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
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- C08K2003/2241—Titanium dioxide
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plastic agricultural films, in particular to a high-light-transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of polylactic acid, 30-45 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5-8 parts of plasticizer, 30-50 parts of bio-based filling material, 6-12 parts of low-density polyethylene, 2-4 parts of cellulose, 3-6 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 2-5 parts of antioxidant, 12-18 parts of white oil and 12-24 parts of water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plastic agricultural films, in particular to a high-light-transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Agricultural plastic films (agricultural films for short) are prepared from resin raw materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high-pressure polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (L-LDPE), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer ((EVA), metallocene-linear low-density long-supported polyethylene (mL-LDPE) and the like, and are added with various functional additives through blow molding and calendering processes, various greenhouse covering films with different properties and characteristics are mainly applied to large-scale multi-span greenhouses, energy-saving sunlight greenhouses, plastic large and medium greenhouses and small greenhouse covering cultivation, but the plastic films bring convenience to people and bring increasingly serious environmental pollution problems, a large amount of waste plastic films are not easily degraded in nature to form white pollution, cause long-term harm to soil and influence the growth of crops, so that the yield of the crops is reduced, the scattered plastic film can cause animal eating death by mistake and cause great harm to the ecological environment. With the increasing severity of "white pollution", people are continuously searching for effective solutions, and through continuous efforts, various plastic films with biodegradation function are successively produced. The biodegradable plastic film is a high polymer material which can be completely biodegraded under the action of microorganisms capable of secreting enzyme under a certain condition, and the plastic film can be biodegraded after being discarded to generate carbon dioxide and water which do not cause air pollution, so that the biodegradable plastic film is the development direction of the plastic film at home and abroad in future.
In the prior art, a large amount of starch materials are added to achieve high degradation rate, but the mechanical property of the film cannot be guaranteed, and the light transmittance is also reduced. Therefore, there is a need for a more efficient method for preparing degradable environment-friendly plastic films with excellent mechanical properties and good light transmittance.
Therefore, we propose a degradable plastic agricultural film with high light transmission and a preparation method thereof to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a high-light-transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film and a preparation method thereof.
A high-light-transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of polylactic acid, 30-45 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5-8 parts of plasticizer, 30-50 parts of bio-based filling material, 6-12 parts of low-density polyethylene, 2-4 parts of cellulose, 3-6 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 2-5 parts of antioxidant, 12-18 parts of white oil and 12-24 parts of water.
Preferably, the bio-based filling material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of starch, 25-30 parts of tremella, 2-6 parts of chitosan short fiber, 4-8 parts of water glass and 15-25 parts of pectin.
Preferably, the preparation method of the bio-based filling material comprises the following steps: adding deionized water into starch and tremella, slowly stirring, heating to 90-100 ℃, preserving heat for 25-50min, cooling, filtering, controlling the water content of a filter cake to be 5% -10%, then mixing chitosan short fibers, water glass and pectin with the filter cake, stirring for 30-60min, uniformly stirring, then granulating by using a granulator, drying granules after granulation, and grinding the granules into powder by using a ball mill to obtain the bio-based filling material.
Preferably, in the preparation process of the bio-based filling material, when the particles are dried, the drying temperature is 80-95 ℃, the drying time is 2-4h, the particles are ground by a ball mill and then screened, and the mesh number of a screen is 120-200 meshes.
Preferably, the plasticizer is one or more selected from glycerol, citric acid, sorbitol and polypropylene glycol.
Preferably, the diameter of the nano titanium dioxide is 30-50 nm.
Preferably, the preparation method of the degradable plastic agricultural film with high light transmittance comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting the bio-based filling material, the polyvinyl alcohol and the plasticizer into a high-speed mixer to be uniformly mixed;
s2, inputting the low-density polyethylene and the polylactic acid into a high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing;
s3, finally, sequentially inputting the cellulose, the nano titanium dioxide, the antioxidant, the white oil and the water into a high-speed mixer for uniform mixing, fully stirring, keeping the temperature and standing for 10-12h,
s4, vacuum degassing, pouring the film, casting the film on a film spreading tool, putting the film in a drying box, drying at 60-80 ℃ for 4-6h, taking out, and naturally cooling.
Preferably, the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 65-70 ℃, the mixing time is 5-10min, and the mixing rotation speed is 240 r/min; in the step S1, the mixing temperature is 85-90 ℃, the mixing time is 8-12min, and the mixing speed is 350 r/min; the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 150-155 ℃, the mixing time is 10-15min, and the mixing speed is 240 r/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the degradable plastic agricultural film with high light transmittance provided by the invention has the advantages of good mechanical property, good light transmittance, simple preparation method, simple and easily obtained raw materials, easy degradation and suitability for popularization and use.
2. According to the high-light-transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film provided by the invention, the traditional starch is replaced by the bio-based filling material, the light transmittance of tremella in the bio-based filling material is superior to that of the starch, the light transmittance of the agricultural film can be improved, the bonding strength in the bio-based filling material can be effectively improved through the water glass and the pectin, the bio-based filling material is convenient to bond with other substances, the strength of the agricultural film is improved, and the chitosan short fibers can further improve the strength of the agricultural film.
3. According to the degradable plastic agricultural film with high light transmittance, the bio-based filling material is mainly made of easily degradable materials and has good degradability, and the nano titanium dioxide can enable the agricultural film to have a certain photodecomposition property, so that the agricultural film is convenient to decompose, and the environmental protection performance of the agricultural film is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples.
In example 1, a high light transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of polylactic acid, 30 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5 parts of plasticizer, 30 parts of bio-based filling material, 6 parts of low-density polyethylene, 2 parts of cellulose, 3 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 2 parts of antioxidant, 12 parts of white oil and 12 parts of water.
Further, the bio-based filling material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of starch, 25 parts of tremella, 2 parts of chitosan short fiber, 4 parts of water glass and 15 parts of pectin.
Further, the preparation method of the bio-based filling material comprises the following steps: adding deionized water into starch and tremella, slowly stirring, heating to 90 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25min, cooling, filtering, controlling the water content of a filter cake to be 5% -10%, then mixing chitosan short fibers, water glass and pectin with the filter cake, stirring for 30min, uniformly stirring, then performing granulation treatment by using a granulator, drying granules after granulation, and grinding the granules into powder by using a ball mill after drying to obtain the bio-based filling material.
Further, in the preparation process of the bio-based filling material, when the particles are dried, the drying temperature is 80 ℃, the drying time is 4 hours, the particles are ground by a ball mill and then screened, and the mesh number of a screen is 120 meshes.
Further, the plasticizer is selected from one or more of glycerol, citric acid, sorbitol and polypropylene glycol.
Furthermore, the diameter of the nano titanium dioxide is 30-50 nm.
A preparation method of a high-light-transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting the bio-based filling material, the polyvinyl alcohol and the plasticizer into a high-speed mixer to be uniformly mixed;
s2, inputting the low-density polyethylene and the polylactic acid into a high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing;
s3, finally, sequentially inputting the cellulose, the nano titanium dioxide, the antioxidant, the white oil and the water into a high-speed mixer for uniform mixing, fully stirring, keeping the temperature and standing for 10 hours,
and S4, vacuum degassing, pouring the film, casting the film on a film spreading tool, putting the film in a drying box, drying for 4 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, taking out the film, and naturally cooling.
Further, the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 65 ℃, the mixing time is 5min, and the mixing rotating speed is 240 r/min; in the step S1, the mixing temperature is 85 ℃, the mixing time is 8min, and the mixing speed is 350 r/min; the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 150 ℃, the mixing time is 10min, and the mixing speed is 240 r/min.
In embodiment 2, a high light transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of polylactic acid, 45 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 8 parts of plasticizer, 50 parts of bio-based filling material, 12 parts of low-density polyethylene, 4 parts of cellulose, 6 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 5 parts of antioxidant, 18 parts of white oil and 24 parts of water.
Further, the bio-based filling material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of starch, 30 parts of tremella, 6 parts of chitosan short fiber, 8 parts of water glass and 25 parts of pectin.
Further, the preparation method of the bio-based filling material comprises the following steps: adding deionized water into starch and tremella, slowly stirring, heating to 100 ℃, keeping the temperature for 50min, cooling, filtering, controlling the water content of a filter cake to be 5% -10%, then mixing chitosan short fibers, water glass and pectin with the filter cake, stirring for 60min, uniformly stirring, then performing granulation treatment by using a granulator, drying granules after granulation, and grinding the granules into powder by using a ball mill after drying to obtain the bio-based filling material.
Further, in the preparation process of the bio-based filling material, when the particles are dried, the drying temperature is 95 ℃, the drying time is 2 hours, the particles are ground by a ball mill and then screened, and the mesh number of a screen is 200 meshes.
Further, the plasticizer is selected from one or more of glycerol, citric acid, sorbitol and polypropylene glycol.
Furthermore, the diameter of the nano titanium dioxide is 30-50 nm.
A preparation method of a high-light-transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting the bio-based filling material, the polyvinyl alcohol and the plasticizer into a high-speed mixer to be uniformly mixed;
s2, inputting the low-density polyethylene and the polylactic acid into a high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing;
s3, finally, sequentially inputting the cellulose, the nano titanium dioxide, the antioxidant, the white oil and the water into a high-speed mixer for uniform mixing, fully stirring, keeping the temperature and standing for 12 hours,
and S4, vacuum degassing, pouring the film, casting the film on a film spreading tool, putting the film in a drying box, drying for 6 hours at 80 ℃, taking out the film, and naturally cooling.
Further, in the step S1, the mixing temperature is 70 ℃, the mixing time is 10min, and the mixing speed is 240 r/min; the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 90 ℃, the mixing time is 12min, and the mixing speed is 350 r/min; the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 155 ℃, the mixing time is 15min, and the mixing speed is 240 r/min.
In example 3, a high light transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of polylactic acid, 38 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 7 parts of plasticizer, 40 parts of bio-based filling material, 8 parts of low-density polyethylene, 3 parts of cellulose, 4 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 4 parts of antioxidant, 15 parts of white oil and 18 parts of water.
Further, the bio-based filling material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of starch, 28 parts of tremella, 4 parts of chitosan short fiber, 5 parts of water glass and 20 parts of pectin.
Further, the preparation method of the bio-based filling material comprises the following steps: adding deionized water into starch and tremella, slowly stirring, heating to 95 ℃, keeping the temperature for 40min, cooling, filtering, controlling the water content of a filter cake to be 7%, then mixing chitosan short fibers, water glass and pectin with the filter cake, stirring for 45min, uniformly stirring, then performing granulation treatment by using a granulator, drying granules after granulation, and grinding the granules into powder by using a ball mill after drying to obtain the bio-based filling material.
Further, in the preparation process of the bio-based filling material, when the particles are dried, the drying temperature is 88 ℃, the drying time is 3 hours, the particles are ground by a ball mill and then screened, and the mesh number of a screen is 200 meshes.
Further, the plasticizer is selected from one or more of glycerol, citric acid, sorbitol and polypropylene glycol.
Furthermore, the diameter of the nano titanium dioxide is 30-50 nm.
A preparation method of a high-light-transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting the bio-based filling material, the polyvinyl alcohol and the plasticizer into a high-speed mixer to be uniformly mixed;
s2, inputting the low-density polyethylene and the polylactic acid into a high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing;
s3, finally, sequentially inputting the cellulose, the nano titanium dioxide, the antioxidant, the white oil and the water into a high-speed mixer for uniform mixing, fully stirring, keeping the temperature and standing for 11 hours,
and S4, vacuum degassing, pouring the film, casting the film on a film spreading tool, putting the film in a drying box, drying for 5 hours at 70 ℃, taking out the film, and naturally cooling.
Further, the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 68 ℃, the mixing time is 8min, and the mixing rotating speed is 240 r/min; the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 88 ℃, the mixing time is 10min, and the mixing speed is 350 r/min; the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 152 ℃, the mixing time is 12min, and the mixing speed is 240 r/min.
In example 4, a high light transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 42 parts of polylactic acid, 35 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 6 parts of plasticizer, 35 parts of bio-based filling material, 7 parts of low-density polyethylene, 3 parts of cellulose, 4 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 3 parts of antioxidant, 14 parts of white oil and 15 parts of water.
Further, the bio-based filling material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of starch, 26 parts of tremella, 3 parts of chitosan short fiber, 5 parts of water glass and 18 parts of pectin.
Further, the preparation method of the bio-based filling material comprises the following steps: adding deionized water into starch and tremella, slowly stirring, heating to 92 ℃, keeping the temperature for 40min, cooling, filtering, controlling the water content of a filter cake to be 5% -10%, then mixing chitosan short fibers, water glass and pectin with the filter cake, stirring for 40min, uniformly stirring, then performing granulation treatment by using a granulator, drying granules after granulation, and grinding the granules into powder by using a ball mill after drying to obtain the bio-based filling material.
Further, in the preparation process of the bio-based filling material, when the particles are dried, the drying temperature is 85 ℃, the drying time is 3 hours, the particles are ground by a ball mill and then are sieved, and the mesh number of a screen is 120 meshes.
Further, the plasticizer is selected from one or more of glycerol, citric acid, sorbitol and polypropylene glycol.
Furthermore, the diameter of the nano titanium dioxide is 30-50 nm.
A preparation method of a high-light-transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting the bio-based filling material, the polyvinyl alcohol and the plasticizer into a high-speed mixer to be uniformly mixed;
s2, inputting the low-density polyethylene and the polylactic acid into a high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing;
s3, finally, sequentially inputting the cellulose, the nano titanium dioxide, the antioxidant, the white oil and the water into a high-speed mixer for uniform mixing, fully stirring, keeping the temperature and standing for 9 hours,
and S4, vacuum degassing, pouring the film, casting the film on a film spreading tool, putting the film in a drying box, drying for 5 hours at 70 ℃, taking out the film, and naturally cooling.
Further, the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 68 ℃, the mixing time is 8min, and the mixing rotating speed is 240 r/min; the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 88 ℃, the mixing time is 10min, and the mixing speed is 350 r/min; the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 152 ℃, the mixing time is 12min, and the mixing speed is 240 r/min.
In example 5, a high light transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts of polylactic acid, 42 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 7 parts of plasticizer, 45 parts of bio-based filling material, 10 parts of low-density polyethylene, 3 parts of cellulose, 5 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 4 parts of antioxidant, 16 parts of white oil and 22 parts of water.
Further, the bio-based filling material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 parts of starch, 28 parts of tremella, 5 parts of chitosan short fiber, 7 parts of water glass and 22 parts of pectin.
Further, the preparation method of the bio-based filling material comprises the following steps: adding deionized water into starch and tremella, slowly stirring, heating to 98 ℃, keeping the temperature for 45min, cooling, filtering, controlling the water content of a filter cake to be 5% -10%, then mixing chitosan short fibers, water glass and pectin with the filter cake, stirring for 55min, uniformly stirring, then performing granulation treatment by using a granulator, drying granules after granulation, and grinding the granules into powder by using a ball mill after drying to obtain the bio-based filling material.
Further, in the preparation process of the bio-based filling material, when the particles are dried, the drying temperature is 92 ℃, the drying time is 3 hours, the particles are ground by a ball mill and then screened, and the mesh number of a screen is 200 meshes.
Further, the plasticizer is selected from one or more of glycerol, citric acid, sorbitol and polypropylene glycol.
Furthermore, the diameter of the nano titanium dioxide is 30-50 nm.
A preparation method of a high-light-transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting the bio-based filling material, the polyvinyl alcohol and the plasticizer into a high-speed mixer to be uniformly mixed;
s2, inputting the low-density polyethylene and the polylactic acid into a high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing;
s3, finally, sequentially inputting the cellulose, the nano titanium dioxide, the antioxidant, the white oil and the water into a high-speed mixer for uniform mixing, fully stirring, keeping the temperature and standing for 11 hours,
and S4, vacuum degassing, pouring the film, casting the film on a film spreading tool, putting the film in a drying box, drying for 5 hours at 70 ℃, taking out the film, and naturally cooling.
Further, the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 68 ℃, the mixing time is 8min, and the mixing rotating speed is 240 r/min; the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 88 ℃, the mixing time is 10min, and the mixing speed is 350 r/min; the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 152 ℃, the mixing time is 12min, and the mixing speed is 240 r/min.
In comparative example 1, a high light transmission degradable plastic agricultural film is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts of polylactic acid, 42 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 7 parts of plasticizer, 45 parts of bio-based filling material, 10 parts of low-density polyethylene, 3 parts of cellulose, 5 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 4 parts of antioxidant, 16 parts of white oil and 22 parts of water.
Further, the bio-based filling material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 parts of starch, 5 parts of chitosan short fiber, 7 parts of water glass and 22 parts of pectin.
Further, the preparation method of the bio-based filling material comprises the following steps: adding deionized water into starch, slowly stirring, heating to 98 ℃, keeping the temperature for 45min, cooling, filtering, controlling the water content of a filter cake to be 5% -10%, then mixing chitosan short fiber, water glass and pectin with the filter cake, stirring for 55min, uniformly stirring, then carrying out granulation treatment by using a granulator, drying granules after granulation, and grinding the granules into powder by using a ball mill after drying to obtain the bio-based filling material.
Further, in the preparation process of the bio-based filling material, when the particles are dried, the drying temperature is 92 ℃, the drying time is 3 hours, the particles are ground by a ball mill and then screened, and the mesh number of a screen is 200 meshes.
Further, the plasticizer is selected from one or more of glycerol, citric acid, sorbitol and polypropylene glycol.
Furthermore, the diameter of the nano titanium dioxide is 30-50 nm.
A preparation method of a high-light-transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting the bio-based filling material, the polyvinyl alcohol and the plasticizer into a high-speed mixer to be uniformly mixed;
s2, inputting the low-density polyethylene and the polylactic acid into a high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing;
s3, finally, sequentially inputting the cellulose, the nano titanium dioxide, the antioxidant, the white oil and the water into a high-speed mixer for uniform mixing, fully stirring, keeping the temperature and standing for 11 hours,
and S4, vacuum degassing, pouring the film, casting the film on a film spreading tool, putting the film in a drying box, drying for 5 hours at 70 ℃, taking out the film, and naturally cooling.
Further, the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 68 ℃, the mixing time is 8min, and the mixing rotating speed is 240 r/min; the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 88 ℃, the mixing time is 10min, and the mixing speed is 350 r/min; the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 152 ℃, the mixing time is 12min, and the mixing speed is 240 r/min.
In comparative example 2, the degradable plastic agricultural film with high light transmittance comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts of polylactic acid, 42 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 7 parts of plasticizer, 45 parts of bio-based filling material, 10 parts of low-density polyethylene, 3 parts of cellulose, 5 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 4 parts of antioxidant, 16 parts of white oil and 22 parts of water.
Further, the bio-based filling material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 parts of starch, 28 parts of tremella and 5 parts of chitosan short fibers.
Further, the preparation method of the bio-based filling material comprises the following steps: adding deionized water into starch and tremella, slowly stirring, heating to 98 ℃, keeping the temperature for 45min, cooling, filtering, controlling the water content of a filter cake to be 5% -10%, then mixing chitosan short fibers with the filter cake, stirring for 55min, uniformly stirring, then performing granulation treatment by using a granulator, drying granules after granulation, and grinding the granules into powder by using a ball mill after drying to obtain the bio-based filling material.
Further, in the preparation process of the bio-based filling material, when the particles are dried, the drying temperature is 92 ℃, the drying time is 3 hours, the particles are ground by a ball mill and then screened, and the mesh number of a screen is 200 meshes.
Further, the plasticizer is selected from one or more of glycerol, citric acid, sorbitol and polypropylene glycol.
Furthermore, the diameter of the nano titanium dioxide is 30-50 nm.
A preparation method of a high-light-transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting the bio-based filling material, the polyvinyl alcohol and the plasticizer into a high-speed mixer to be uniformly mixed;
s2, inputting the low-density polyethylene and the polylactic acid into a high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing;
s3, finally, sequentially inputting the cellulose, the nano titanium dioxide, the antioxidant, the white oil and the water into a high-speed mixer for uniform mixing, fully stirring, keeping the temperature and standing for 11 hours,
and S4, vacuum degassing, pouring the film, casting the film on a film spreading tool, putting the film in a drying box, drying for 5 hours at 70 ℃, taking out the film, and naturally cooling.
Further, the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 68 ℃, the mixing time is 8min, and the mixing rotating speed is 240 r/min; the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 88 ℃, the mixing time is 10min, and the mixing speed is 350 r/min; the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 152 ℃, the mixing time is 12min, and the mixing speed is 240 r/min.
In comparative example 3, the degradable plastic agricultural film with high light transmittance comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts of polylactic acid, 42 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 7 parts of plasticizer, 45 parts of bio-based filling material, 10 parts of low-density polyethylene, 3 parts of cellulose, 5 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 4 parts of antioxidant, 16 parts of white oil and 22 parts of water.
Further, the bio-based filling material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 parts of starch and 28 parts of tremella.
Further, the preparation method of the bio-based filling material comprises the following steps: adding deionized water into starch and tremella, slowly stirring, heating to 98 ℃, keeping the temperature for 45min, cooling, filtering, controlling the water content of a filter cake to be 5% -10%, granulating by using a granulator, drying granules after granulation, and grinding the granules into powder by using a ball mill after drying to obtain the bio-based filling material.
Further, in the preparation process of the bio-based filling material, when the particles are dried, the drying temperature is 92 ℃, the drying time is 3 hours, the particles are ground by a ball mill and then screened, and the mesh number of a screen is 200 meshes.
Further, the plasticizer is selected from one or more of glycerol, citric acid, sorbitol and polypropylene glycol.
Furthermore, the diameter of the nano titanium dioxide is 30-50 nm.
A preparation method of a high-light-transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting the bio-based filling material, the polyvinyl alcohol and the plasticizer into a high-speed mixer to be uniformly mixed;
s2, inputting the low-density polyethylene and the polylactic acid into a high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing;
s3, finally, sequentially inputting the cellulose, the nano titanium dioxide, the antioxidant, the white oil and the water into a high-speed mixer for uniform mixing, fully stirring, keeping the temperature and standing for 11 hours,
and S4, vacuum degassing, pouring the film, casting the film on a film spreading tool, putting the film in a drying box, drying for 5 hours at 70 ℃, taking out the film, and naturally cooling.
Further, the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 68 ℃, the mixing time is 8min, and the mixing rotating speed is 240 r/min; the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 88 ℃, the mixing time is 10min, and the mixing speed is 350 r/min; the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 152 ℃, the mixing time is 12min, and the mixing speed is 240 r/min.
In comparative example 4, the degradable plastic agricultural film with high light transmittance is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts of polylactic acid, 42 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 7 parts of plasticizer, 45 parts of bio-based filling material, 10 parts of low-density polyethylene, 3 parts of cellulose, 5 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 4 parts of antioxidant, 16 parts of white oil and 22 parts of water.
Further, the bio-based filling material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 parts of starch, 28 parts of tremella, 7 parts of water glass and 22 parts of pectin.
Further, the preparation method of the bio-based filling material comprises the following steps: adding deionized water into starch and tremella, slowly stirring, heating to 98 ℃, keeping the temperature for 45min, cooling, filtering, controlling the water content of a filter cake to be 5% -10%, then mixing water glass and pectin with the filter cake, stirring for 55min, uniformly stirring, then performing granulation treatment by using a granulator, drying granules after granulation, and grinding the granules into powder by using a ball mill after drying to obtain the bio-based filling material.
Further, in the preparation process of the bio-based filling material, when the particles are dried, the drying temperature is 92 ℃, the drying time is 3 hours, the particles are ground by a ball mill and then screened, and the mesh number of a screen is 200 meshes.
Further, the plasticizer is selected from one or more of glycerol, citric acid, sorbitol and polypropylene glycol.
Furthermore, the diameter of the nano titanium dioxide is 30-50 nm.
A preparation method of a high-light-transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting the bio-based filling material, the polyvinyl alcohol and the plasticizer into a high-speed mixer to be uniformly mixed;
s2, inputting the low-density polyethylene and the polylactic acid into a high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing;
s3, finally, sequentially inputting the cellulose, the nano titanium dioxide, the antioxidant, the white oil and the water into a high-speed mixer for uniform mixing, fully stirring, keeping the temperature and standing for 11 hours,
and S4, vacuum degassing, pouring the film, casting the film on a film spreading tool, putting the film in a drying box, drying for 5 hours at 70 ℃, taking out the film, and naturally cooling.
Further, the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 68 ℃, the mixing time is 8min, and the mixing rotating speed is 240 r/min; the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 88 ℃, the mixing time is 10min, and the mixing speed is 350 r/min; the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 152 ℃, the mixing time is 12min, and the mixing speed is 240 r/min.
The high light transmission degradable plastic agricultural films obtained in the above examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
In examples 1 to 5, the tensile strength was more than 41.3MPa, the elongation at break was more than 166%, and the properties were excellent; in comparative example 1, tremella was not added to the bio-based filling material, which is slightly better than examples 1-5 in tensile strength and elongation at break, but inferior to examples 1-5 in light transmittance; in comparative example 2, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the bio-based filling material were significantly reduced without adding water glass and pectin; in comparative example 4, the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the bio-based filling material are obviously reduced without adding the chitosan short fiber, compared with comparative example 3, the tensile strength is better than that of comparative example 3, but the elongation at break is lower than that of comparative example 3, which shows that the elongation at break of the film can be improved to a certain extent by matching the chitosan short fiber with cellulose; in comparative example 3, the tensile strength and elongation at break were greatly reduced without adding chitosan short fiber, water glass and pectin.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The high-light-transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of polylactic acid, 30-45 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5-8 parts of plasticizer, 30-50 parts of bio-based filling material, 6-12 parts of low-density polyethylene, 2-4 parts of cellulose, 3-6 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 2-5 parts of antioxidant, 12-18 parts of white oil and 12-24 parts of water.
2. The high light transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film according to claim 1, wherein the bio-based filling material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of starch, 25-30 parts of tremella, 2-6 parts of chitosan short fiber, 4-8 parts of water glass and 15-25 parts of pectin.
3. The high light transmission degradable plastic agricultural film according to claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the bio-based filling material comprises the following steps: adding deionized water into starch and tremella, slowly stirring, heating to 90-100 ℃, preserving heat for 25-50min, cooling, filtering, controlling the water content of a filter cake to be 5% -10%, then mixing chitosan short fibers, water glass and pectin with the filter cake, stirring for 30-60min, uniformly stirring, then granulating by using a granulator, drying granules after granulation, and grinding the granules into powder by using a ball mill to obtain the bio-based filling material.
4. The high light transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film according to claim 3, wherein in the preparation process of the bio-based filling material, when the particles are dried, the drying temperature is 80-95 ℃, the drying time is 2-4h, the particles are ground by a ball mill and then screened, and the mesh number of the screen is 120-200 meshes.
5. The high light transmission degradable plastic agricultural film according to claim 1, wherein the plasticizer is one or more selected from glycerol, citric acid, sorbitol, and polypropylene glycol.
6. The high light transmittance degradable plastic agricultural film according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the nano titanium dioxide is 30-50 nm.
7. The method for preparing the degradable plastic agricultural film with high light transmittance according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, inputting the bio-based filling material, the polyvinyl alcohol and the plasticizer into a high-speed mixer to be uniformly mixed;
s2, inputting the low-density polyethylene and the polylactic acid into a high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing;
s3, finally, sequentially inputting the cellulose, the nano titanium dioxide, the antioxidant, the white oil and the water into a high-speed mixer for uniform mixing, fully stirring, keeping the temperature and standing for 10-12h,
s4, vacuum degassing, pouring the film, casting the film on a film spreading tool, putting the film in a drying box, drying at 60-80 ℃ for 4-6h, taking out, and naturally cooling.
8. The method for preparing the degradable plastic agricultural film with high light transmittance according to claim 7, wherein the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 65-70 ℃, the mixing time is 5-10min, and the mixing rotation speed is 240 r/min; in the step S1, the mixing temperature is 85-90 ℃, the mixing time is 8-12min, and the mixing speed is 350 r/min; the mixing temperature in the step S1 is 150-155 ℃, the mixing time is 10-15min, and the mixing speed is 240 r/min.
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