CN112893806B - High-strength low-pressure casting process for automobile aluminum alloy castings - Google Patents
High-strength low-pressure casting process for automobile aluminum alloy castings Download PDFInfo
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- CN112893806B CN112893806B CN202110085684.XA CN202110085684A CN112893806B CN 112893806 B CN112893806 B CN 112893806B CN 202110085684 A CN202110085684 A CN 202110085684A CN 112893806 B CN112893806 B CN 112893806B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength low-pressure casting process for an automobile aluminum alloy casting, which belongs to the field of aluminum alloy castings, and the high-strength low-pressure casting process for the automobile aluminum alloy casting comprises the following specific processes of injecting gas into a low-pressure casting device, wherein the low-pressure casting device comprises a crucible, a pressure pipe is fixedly connected to the crucible, a sealing cover is fixedly connected to the crucible, a lower cavity is fixedly connected to the sealing cover, an upper cavity is clamped on the lower cavity, two pairs of cooling plates matched with the lower cavity are fixed on the outer wall of the upper cavity, and aluminum liquid in the device is pushed into the cavity by air pressure; cooling and forming after the molten aluminum enters the cavity; after opening the cavity, demolding the workpiece; the pressurized gas in the low-pressure casting apparatus is discharged and maintenance of the apparatus is performed. The mold cavity can be cooled in stages, and after casting, residual aluminum liquid drops can be scrubbed through the buffer plate in the liquid lifting pipe, so that the aluminum liquid completely flows back to the crucible.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy castings, in particular to a high-strength low-pressure casting process for an aluminum alloy casting for an automobile.
Background
The low-pressure casting is a casting method in which liquid alloy is pressed into a casting mold cavity from bottom to top under the action of pressure and is solidified under the action of pressure to obtain a casting. The principle of low-pressure casting is that dry compressed air or inert gas is introduced into a sealed crucible, and by means of the pressure acting on the metal liquid surface, the metal liquid is made to stably fill a casting mold from bottom to top through a pouring gate along a riser tube, and the mold filling pressure is generally 20-60 kPa. After the casting is completely solidified, the gas pressure on the liquid surface is released, so that the metal liquid which is not solidified in the riser tube and the pouring gate flows into the crucible by the dead weight, then the casting mould is opened, and the casting is taken out.
Low pressure casting was the earliest countergravity casting technology and began to be used in industrial production in the 40's of the 20 th century. Nowadays, low-pressure casting is mainly used for producing aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy parts, such as automobile hubs in the automobile industry, cylinder bodies of internal combustion engines, cylinder heads, pistons, missile shells, impellers, air guide wheels and other castings with complex shapes and high quality requirements. When low-pressure casting is used to produce cast steel, such as cast steel wheels, the lift tube is made of special refractory material. The low-pressure casting can also be applied to small copper alloy castings, such as pipe device joints, faucet joints in bathrooms and the like, and the technology is industrially produced abroad.
In the existing low-pressure forging process, molten metal is easy to remain on the inner wall of the riser tube, and after the molten metal on the inner wall of the riser tube is solidified, the molten metal is easy to carry small particles formed by the molten metal into a cavity after rising, so that the quality of a cast workpiece is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-strength low-pressure casting process for an aluminum alloy casting for an automobile, which can realize the step cooling of a cavity, can effectively and completely return residual aluminum liquid drops to a crucible after the casting is finished, and can prevent the solidified aluminum liquid drops from adhering to the inner wall of a riser.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
A low-pressure casting process of high-strength aluminum alloy castings for automobiles comprises the following specific processes:
s1, firstly, injecting gas into the low-pressure casting device to enable the air pressure to push the aluminum liquid in the device into the cavity;
s2, cooling and forming the aluminum liquid after entering the cavity;
s3, opening the cavity, and demoulding the workpiece;
and S4, exhausting the pressurized gas in the low-pressure casting device and maintaining the device.
Further, the low-pressure casting process for the high-strength automobile aluminum alloy casting comprises a low-pressure casting device, wherein the low-pressure casting device comprises a crucible, a pressure pipe is fixedly connected to the crucible, a sealing cover is fixedly connected to the crucible, a lower cavity is fixedly connected to the sealing cover, an upper cavity is clamped to the lower cavity, two pairs of cooling plates matched with the lower cavity are fixed to the outer wall of the upper cavity, the lower cavity comprises a fixed disk, a liquid lifting pipe is fixedly connected to the fixed disk, a check valve pipe is slidably connected to the opening of the liquid lifting pipe, a limiting ring matched with the check valve pipe is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the liquid lifting pipe, a compression spring is connected between the limiting ring and the check valve pipe, the compression spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the check valve pipe, a buffer plate is slidably connected to the liquid lifting pipe, and an annular cavity is chiseled in the liquid lifting pipe, the permanent magnet ring matched with the buffer plate is connected in the annular cavity in a sliding mode, so that the cavity can be cooled in stages, residual aluminum liquid drops can effectively and completely flow back to the crucible after casting is finished, and solidified aluminum liquid drops are prevented from being attached to the inner wall of the liquid lifting pipe.
Further, the buffer board includes the mesh board, it has a plurality of evenly distributed's transfusion hole to cut on the mesh board, fixedly connected with is many to the arc slider on the outer wall of mesh board, adjacent two be connected with magnetic force fiber silk between the arc slider, aluminium liquid when ascending in the stalk, promote the buffer board and rise until buffer board and spacing ring laminating, aluminium liquid runs through during the buffer board gets into the check valve pipe, and aluminium liquid refluence advances the in-process of crucible, buffer board free fall, and the magnetic force fiber silk on the buffer board outer wall is scrubbed the aluminium liquid on the stalk inner wall, makes aluminium liquid flow back to the crucible fast, and magnetic force fiber silk is attracted by the permanent magnetism ring at the buffer board removal in-process, makes the space between buffer board and the stalk inner wall sealed.
Further, the cooling plate includes hollow core plate, install heat transfer blade on hollow core plate's the inner wall, two pairs be connected with the annular tube between the hollow core plate, be connected with the gas-supply pipe on the annular tube, but make technical staff stage nature to the air current of cooling plate internal input different temperatures, make the cooling plate through the air current and the die cavity heat transfer of different temperatures, realize cooling down step by step of die cavity.
Furthermore, the cooling plate and the mesh plate are both made of high-temperature-resistant non-metallic materials, and the permanent magnet ring is a high-temperature-resistant magnet ring, so that the cooling plate and the mesh plate are prevented from losing efficacy due to high temperature.
Furthermore, the inner wall of the annular cavity is polished smoothly, and the inner wall of the annular cavity is coated with a heat insulation film, so that the annular cavity is prevented from deforming after being subjected to high temperature, and the permanent magnet ring is prevented from being locked in the sliding process.
Furthermore, the outlet end of the pressurizing pipe is fixedly connected with a defogging net to prevent the aluminum liquid from being discharged along with the airflow.
Furthermore, the magnetic force fiber wire comprises flexible metal wires, and a carbon fiber layer is coated among the flexible metal wires, so that the magnetic force fiber wire can keep a horizontal straight line state under the attraction action of the permanent magnet rings.
Furthermore, the bottom end of the limiting ring is provided with a clamping groove matched with the arc-shaped sliding block in a chiseled mode, so that the limiting ring can be completely attached to the floating body after floating.
Furthermore, a plurality of liquid outlet holes and a liquid inlet hole are drilled in the check valve pipe, the liquid outlet holes are communicated with the liquid inlet hole, and the inclination angle of the liquid outlet holes is 15-30 degrees.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the scheme can realize the stage cooling of the cavity, and can effectively and completely return the residual aluminum liquid drops to the crucible after the casting is finished, thereby preventing the solidified aluminum liquid drops from being attached to the inner wall of the liquid lifting pipe.
(2) The buffer board includes the mesh board, it has a plurality of evenly distributed's transfusion hole to cut on the mesh board, fixedly connected with is many to the arc slider on the outer wall of mesh board, be connected with magnetic force fiber silk between two adjacent arc sliders, aluminium liquid when rising in the stalk, promote the buffer board and rise until buffer board and spacing ring laminating, aluminium liquid runs through in the buffer board gets into the check valve pipe, and aluminium liquid reflux advances the in-process of crucible, buffer board free fall, magnetic force fiber silk on the buffer board outer wall is scrubbed the aluminium liquid on the stalk inner wall, make aluminium liquid flow back to the crucible fast, remove in-process magnetic force fiber silk at the buffer board and be attracted by the permanent magnetism ring, make the space between buffer board and the stalk inner wall sealed.
(3) The cooling plate includes hollow core slab, installs the heat transfer blade on hollow core slab's the inner wall, is connected with the annular tube between two pairs of hollow core slabs, is connected with the gas-supply pipe on the annular tube, but makes technical staff stage nature to the air current of the different temperatures of cooling plate internal input, makes the cooling plate through the air current and the die cavity heat transfer of different temperatures, realizes cooling step by step of die cavity.
(4) The cooling plate and the mesh plate are both made of high-temperature-resistant non-metallic materials, the permanent magnet ring is a high-temperature-resistant magnet ring, the cooling plate and the mesh plate are prevented from losing efficacy due to high temperature, the inner wall of the annular cavity is polished smoothly, and the inner wall of the annular cavity is coated with a heat insulation film, so that the annular cavity is prevented from deforming after being subjected to high temperature, and the permanent magnet ring is prevented from being clamped in the sliding process.
(5) The magnetic fiber wire comprises flexible metal wires, and a carbon fiber layer is coated among the flexible metal wires, so that the magnetic fiber wire can be kept in a horizontal straight line state under the attraction action of the permanent magnet rings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the casting apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure at A in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a baffle of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of a bumper plate of the present invention.
The numbering in the figures illustrates:
1 crucible, 2 sealing covers, 3 lower cavities, 301 fixing disks, 302 riser tubes, 303 one-way valve tubes, 304 limiting rings, 305 compression springs, 4 upper cavities, 5 cooling plates, 6 buffer plates, 601 mesh plates, 602 arc-shaped sliding blocks, 603 magnetic fiber yarns and 7 permanent magnet rings.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the connection can be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and can be communication inside the model adapting element. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-3, a low-pressure casting process of a high-strength aluminum alloy casting for an automobile includes the following steps:
s1, firstly, injecting gas into the low-pressure casting device to enable the air pressure to push the aluminum liquid in the device into the cavity;
s2, cooling and forming the aluminum liquid after entering the cavity;
s3, opening the cavity, and demoulding the workpiece;
s4, discharging the pressurized gas in the low-pressure casting device and performing device maintenance.
Referring to fig. 1-3, a high-strength low-pressure casting process for aluminum alloy castings for automobiles comprises a low-pressure casting device, the low-pressure casting device comprises a crucible 1, a pressurizing pipe is fixedly connected to the crucible 1, a defogging net is fixedly connected to the outlet end of the pressurizing pipe to prevent aluminum liquid from being discharged along with air flow, a sealing cover 2 is fixedly connected to the crucible 1, a lower cavity 3 is fixedly connected to the sealing cover 2, an upper cavity 4 is clamped on the lower cavity 3, two pairs of cooling plates 5 matched with the lower cavity 3 are fixed on the outer wall of the upper cavity 4, each cooling plate 5 comprises a hollow plate 501, heat exchange blades 502 are mounted on the inner wall of each hollow plate 501, a ring pipe is connected between the two pairs of hollow plates 501, and an air pipe is connected to the ring pipe, so that technicians can input air flows with different temperatures into the cooling plates 5 in stages to enable the cooling plates 5 to exchange heat with the cavities through the air flows with different temperatures, and the gradual cooling of the cavity is realized.
Referring to fig. 2-4, the lower cavity 3 includes a fixed plate 301, a lift tube 302 is fixedly connected to the fixed plate 301, a check valve tube 303 is slidably connected to an opening of the lift tube 302, a limit ring 304 matched with the check valve tube 303 is fixedly connected to an inner wall of the lift tube 302, a compression spring 305 is connected between the limit ring 304 and the check valve tube 303, the compression spring 305 is sleeved on an outer wall of the check valve tube 303, and a clamping groove matched with the arc-shaped sliding block 602 is formed in the bottom end of the limit ring 304 in a chiseled manner, so that the lower cavity can be completely attached to the limit ring 304 after floating. The check valve pipe 303 is internally provided with a plurality of liquid outlet holes and a liquid inlet hole in a chiseling way, the liquid outlet holes are communicated with the liquid inlet hole, the inclination angle of the liquid outlet hole is 15-30 degrees, the lifting pipe 302 is internally provided with the buffer plate 6 in a sliding connection way, the lifting pipe 302 is internally provided with the annular cavity, the annular cavity is internally provided with the permanent magnetic ring 7 matched with the buffer plate 6 in a sliding connection way, the inner wall of the annular cavity is polished smoothly, the inner wall of the annular cavity is coated with an insulating film, the annular cavity is prevented from being deformed after being subjected to high temperature, and the permanent magnetic ring 7 is blocked in the sliding process.
Referring to fig. 4-6, the buffer plate 6 includes a mesh plate 601, the bottom of the lift tube 302 is fixedly connected with a retaining ring matching with the mesh plate 601, the upper surface of the mesh plate 601 is in an inward concave arc shape, when liquid drops are retained on the mesh plate 601, the liquid drops can be collected in the middle of the mesh plate 601 and rapidly fall down, a plurality of evenly distributed liquid conveying holes are cut on the mesh plate 601, a plurality of pairs of arc-shaped sliders 602 are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the mesh plate 601, a magnetic fiber 603 is connected between two adjacent arc-shaped sliders 602, when the aluminum liquid rises in the lift tube 302, the buffer plate 6 is pushed to rise until the buffer plate 6 is attached to the limiting ring 304, the aluminum liquid penetrates through the buffer plate 6 and enters the check valve tube 303, and in the process that the aluminum liquid flows back into the crucible 1, the buffer plate 6 freely falls down, the magnetic fiber 603 on the outer wall of the buffer plate 6 cleans the aluminum liquid on the inner wall of the lift tube 302, so that the aluminum liquid quickly flows back into the crucible 1, during the movement of the buffer plate 6, the magnetic force fiber filaments 603 are attracted by the permanent magnet ring 7, so that the gap between the buffer plate 6 and the inner wall of the lift tube 302 is closed. The cooling plate 5 and the mesh plate 601 are both made of high-temperature-resistant non-metallic materials, and the permanent magnet ring 7 is a high-temperature-resistant magnet ring, so that the cooling plate 5 and the mesh plate 601 are prevented from losing effectiveness due to high temperature. The magnetic fiber filaments 603 comprise flexible metal filaments, a carbon fiber layer is coated among the flexible metal filaments, the magnetic fiber filaments 603 can keep a horizontal straight line state under the attraction effect of the permanent magnet ring 7, when the magnetic fiber filaments 603 are in a horizontal straight line state, gaps between the mesh plate 601 and the liquid lifting pipe 302 are sealed, aluminum liquid is prevented from entering the gaps, after the aluminum liquid in the liquid lifting pipe 302 flows back, and when the aluminum liquid is accumulated on the mesh plate 601, the gravity of the buffer plate 6 rises, the mesh plate 601 sinks relative to the permanent magnet ring 7 until the mesh plate 601 is separated from the permanent magnet ring 7 and further falls down and gradually falls into the aluminum liquid in the crucible 1, at the moment, the magnetic fiber filaments 603 soften, the aluminum liquid on the mesh plate 601 can flow down from the gaps between the mesh plate 601 and the liquid lifting pipe 302, and when the mesh plate 601 is pushed by the rising aluminum liquid to match with the permanent magnet ring 7 again.
The scheme can realize stage cooling of the cavity, and can scrub residual aluminum liquid drops through the buffer plate in the liquid lifting pipe after casting is finished, so that the aluminum liquid completely flows back to the crucible, and the solidified aluminum liquid drops are prevented from being attached to the inner wall of the liquid lifting pipe.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention; the scope of the invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention by equivalent or modified solutions and modifications within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The high-strength low-pressure casting process of the aluminum alloy casting for the automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the specific process comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, injecting gas into a low-pressure casting device to enable air pressure to push aluminum liquid in the device into a cavity, wherein the low-pressure casting device comprises a crucible (1), a pressure pipe is fixedly connected onto the crucible (1), a sealing cover (2) is fixedly connected onto the crucible (1), a lower cavity (3) is fixedly connected onto the sealing cover (2), an upper cavity (4) is clamped onto the lower cavity (3), two pairs of cooling plates (5) matched with the lower cavity (3) are fixed onto the outer wall of the upper cavity (4), the lower cavity (3) comprises a fixed disc (301), a liquid lifting pipe (302) is fixedly connected onto the fixed disc (301), a check valve pipe (303) is slidably connected to an opening of the liquid lifting pipe (302), and a limit ring (304) matched with the check valve pipe (303) is fixedly connected onto the inner wall of the liquid lifting pipe (302), a compression spring (305) is connected between the limiting ring (304) and the check valve pipe (303), the compression spring (305) is sleeved on the outer wall of the check valve pipe (303), a buffer plate (6) is connected in the liquid lifting pipe (302) in a sliding manner, an annular cavity is formed in the liquid lifting pipe (302), a permanent magnet ring (7) matched with the buffer plate (6) is connected in the annular cavity in a sliding manner, the buffer plate (6) comprises a mesh plate (601), a plurality of uniformly distributed infusion holes are formed in the mesh plate (601), a plurality of pairs of arc-shaped sliding blocks (602) are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the mesh plate (601), and a magnetic fiber (603) is connected between every two adjacent arc-shaped sliding blocks (602);
s2, cooling and forming the aluminum liquid after entering the cavity;
s3, opening the die cavity, and demoulding the workpiece;
s4, discharging the pressurized gas in the low-pressure casting device and performing device maintenance.
2. The low-pressure casting process of the high-strength aluminum alloy casting for the automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cooling plate (5) comprises a hollow plate (501), heat exchange blades (502) are installed on the inner wall of the hollow plate (501), two pairs of annular pipes are connected between the hollow plates (501), and air conveying pipes are connected to the annular pipes.
3. The low-pressure casting process of the high-strength aluminum alloy casting for the automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cooling plate (5) and the mesh plate (601) are both made of high-temperature-resistant non-metal materials, and the permanent magnet ring (7) is a high-temperature-resistant magnet ring.
4. The low-pressure casting process of the high-strength aluminum alloy casting for the automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inner wall of the annular cavity is polished smooth, and a heat insulation film is coated on the inner wall of the annular cavity.
5. The low-pressure casting process of the high-strength aluminum alloy casting for the automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the outlet end of the pressurizing pipe is fixedly connected with a defogging net.
6. The low-pressure casting process of the high-strength aluminum alloy casting for the automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the magnetic force fiber filaments (603) comprise flexible metal filaments, and a carbon fiber layer is wrapped among the flexible metal filaments.
7. The low-pressure casting process of the high-strength aluminum alloy casting for the automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bottom end of the limiting ring (304) is provided with a clamping groove matched with the arc-shaped sliding block (602).
8. The low-pressure casting process of the high-strength aluminum alloy casting for the automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a plurality of liquid outlet holes and a liquid inlet hole are drilled in the check valve pipe (303), the liquid outlet holes are communicated with the liquid inlet hole, and the inclination angle of the liquid outlet holes is 15-30 degrees.
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| CN115283646B (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2023-08-29 | 康硕(山西)智能制造有限公司 | High-strength low-pressure casting device and casting method for aluminum alloy castings for automobiles |
| CN116079032B (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-07-18 | 滁州金诺实业有限公司 | Low-pressure casting furnace mounting structure |
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| CN106111943B (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2019-03-19 | 山东豪迈机械科技股份有限公司 | Large-scale impeller low-pressure casting method and cooling control technique and exhaust system |
| CN106825498B (en) * | 2017-01-08 | 2018-11-16 | 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | Stalk and its manufacturing method |
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