CN112893553B - Double-layer capillary tube bending device and method for removing residual stress by vibration - Google Patents

Double-layer capillary tube bending device and method for removing residual stress by vibration Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112893553B
CN112893553B CN202110051921.0A CN202110051921A CN112893553B CN 112893553 B CN112893553 B CN 112893553B CN 202110051921 A CN202110051921 A CN 202110051921A CN 112893553 B CN112893553 B CN 112893553B
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degrees
clamp
vibration
capillary tube
bending
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CN112893553A (en
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周连杰
丁伟
戴华杰
阮长群
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Wuhu Huapu Automotive Parts Co.,Ltd.
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Fanchang Huate Machinery Manufacturing Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
    • B21D7/14—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes combined with measuring of bends or lengths
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
    • B21D7/16—Auxiliary equipment, e.g. for heating or cooling of bends
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a double-layer capillary tube bending device and method for removing residual stress by vibration. The novel bent pipe clamp is used, the clamp is simple in structure and good in stability, and can be well matched with a detection part for removing residual stress through oscillation; a new detection and implementation system for removing residual stress by vibration is also designed; by utilizing the characteristic that the ultrasonic wave propagates along the capillary, when residual stress exists in the capillary, the residual stress can affect the propagation of the ultrasonic wave, so that the received ultrasonic wave signal is changed; the method comprises the steps of simultaneously measuring a plurality of angles, measuring the measurement results under different vibration frequencies and standard signals without internal stress, and calculating the Mahalanobis distance, so that the optimal vibration frequency of each angle can be obtained, then vibrating according to the optimal frequency, the effect of removing residual stress can be improved, the time is saved, and the production efficiency is improved.

Description

Double-layer capillary tube bending device and method for removing residual stress by vibration
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of capillary tube machining, in particular to a double-layer capillary tube bending device and method for removing residual stress by vibration.
Background
The capillary tube is used as a throttling component in the air conditioner and has the functions of throttling and reducing pressure. In order to meet the installation requirements, both ends of the capillary tube need to be bent. Application number CN201210123271.7 discloses a capillary tube bending device, which comprises a frame body, a workbench arranged on the frame body, a driving device, a control device for controlling the driving device, a winding device arranged on the workbench, and a fixing device for fixing a capillary tube to be processed; the winding device comprises a main shaft connected with the driving device and a rotary table driven by the main shaft, the main shaft penetrates through the rotary table, the rotary table is provided with a material stirring column, and an accommodating space for accommodating the capillary tube to be processed is formed between the material stirring column and the main shaft.
Application number CN201922392563.0 discloses a high-efficiency adjustable bending device for double-pipe clamp machining, which comprises a main body, a base, a workbench, a sliding block, a connecting piece, a speed reducer, a motor, a base plate, a male die, a female die and two groups of fixing devices, wherein the main body is arranged in a rear half area of the base; the emergency bolt comprises a handle and an inserting rod, and the supporting plate is installed at the top ends of the supporting block and the inserting rod.
The traditional bending process has the defects that the bent capillary tube still has large internal stress, if the stress is required to be well removed, high-temperature treatment is generally needed, the high-temperature treatment efficiency is low, the time consumption is long, and the rapid production is not utilized.
Vibration removal of residual stress is a good way, and application number CN201911217460.9 discloses an intelligent high-frequency vibration aging system for eliminating residual stress of small-size components. The system consists of a PC, a signal generator, a power driver, an electromagnetic vibration exciter, a high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device, a cushion block, a strain gauge and a dynamic strain gauge; the PC machine control signal generator outputs a high-frequency excitation signal, the high-frequency excitation signal is amplified by the power driver and then input into the electromagnetic vibration exciter, and the electromagnetic vibration exciter is driven to generate high-frequency vibration; the small-size component is arranged on the upper surface of the workbench; the strain gauge is adhered to the peak residual stress of the small-size component; and carrying out high-frequency vibration aging treatment on the small-size component at the axial resonance frequency of the high-frequency vibration energy amplification device. However, for the bent pipe, different bending angles correspond to different optimal frequencies, so that the conventional method needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the content, the double-layer capillary tube bending device is provided for solving the problems, and the tube bending clamp comprises a bottom plate, a guide clamp, a main clamp seat, a wheel mold and a wheel mold shaft; the guide clamp is in a cuboid shape, the bottom surface of the guide clamp is fixed on the bottom plate, the side surface of the guide clamp is provided with a strip-shaped semicircular groove matched with the capillary tube along the horizontal direction, and the side wall of the capillary tube can be matched with the semicircular groove of the guide clamp; the wheel mold is in a shape of an object formed by translating along the vertical direction in a closed shape formed by a frame consisting of a semicircular arc and three straight lines; the side surface of the wheel mould comprises three planes and a semi-cylindrical surface, wherein strip-shaped semi-circular grooves matched with the capillary tubes are arranged on the two planes and the semi-cylindrical surface between the two planes along the horizontal direction; the side wall of the capillary can be matched with the semicircular groove of the wheel die; a wheel mould shaft is arranged along the axis of the semi-cylindrical surface so that the wheel mould can rotate around the wheel mould shaft; the shape of the main clamp is the same as that of the guide clamp, the main clamp is fixed on the side wall of the plane of the wheel mold through the main clamp seat, and a strip-shaped semicircular groove matched with the capillary is arranged on the side face, in contact with the wheel mold, of the main clamp along the horizontal direction, so that the two semicircular grooves of the wheel mold and the main clamp form a cylindrical hole;
the rotation range of the wheel mold is provided with two end points, one side of the main clamp is contacted with one side of the guide clamp when the wheel mold rotates to the first end, and at the moment, the wheel mold and the two semicircular grooves of the main clamp form a cylindrical hole which is coaxial with the strip-shaped semicircular grooves on the side surface of the guide clamp; when the wheel mold rotates to the second end, the other plane side wall of the wheel mold is contacted with one side of the guide clamp, so that the wheel mold and the two semicircular grooves of the guide clamp form a cylindrical hole, and the cylindrical hole formed by the wheel mold and the two semicircular grooves of the guide clamp is parallel to the cylindrical hole formed by the wheel mold and the two semicircular grooves of the main clamp;
the strip-shaped semicircular grooves on the side surfaces of the guide clamp, the main clamp and the wheel die are two in the vertical direction, and the radiuses of the strip-shaped semicircular grooves are unequal.
The utility model provides an utilize vibration to get rid of residual stress's double-deck capillary swan neck system, includes the return bend anchor clamps, still includes main control unit, detects supersound drive module, vibration loading drive module and the loading drive module of buckling, its characterized in that:
the main controller is connected with the detection ultrasonic driving module, the vibration loading driving module and the bending loading driving module;
the detection ultrasonic driving module is connected with a transmitting probe and a collecting probe, the transmitting probe is used for transmitting ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves transmitted by the transmitting probe are transmitted along the extending direction of the capillary tube, and the collecting probe is used for collecting the ultrasonic waves transmitted from the transmitting probe;
the emission probe and the collection probe are respectively arranged at two ends of the capillary tube;
the vibration loading driving module is connected with the function generator and the echo collector, the function generator is used for generating and sending frequency sweeping signals, the function generator is connected with the electromagnetic oscillator, and the electromagnetic oscillator carries out frequency sweeping oscillation according to the frequency sweeping signals sent by the function generator; the electromagnetic oscillator and the echo collector are both arranged on the main clamp and are arranged on the opposite side surfaces of the main clamp and the capillary tube, so that the oscillation sent by the electromagnetic oscillator can be transmitted to the capillary tube; the echo collector collects oscillation signals reflected from the capillary;
the bending loading driving module is connected with the angle encoder and the loading motor; the angle encoder is used for detecting the rotation angle of the wheel mold, and the loading motor is used for controlling the rotation of the wheel mold.
The emission probe and the collection probe have the same structure and comprise an end face circular plate, the end face circular plate is provided with an annular groove, and the annular groove is used for placing the end face of the capillary tube; 8 ultrasonic transducers which are annularly arranged at equal intervals are arranged on the outer side of the groove; thereby make 8 transducers of the transmitting probe of one end send 8 ultrasonic waves, 8 ultrasonic transducers of the collecting probe of the other end correspond 8 vibration signals of collecting the transmission, the collecting probe feeds back 8 way vibration signal's that collect intensity to main control unit.
A method for removing residual stress by using the double-layer capillary tube bending device comprises the following steps:
step 1, bending a capillary tube into a plurality of gradient change angles by using a bent tube clamp, wherein the gradient change angles are respectively 20 degrees, 40 degrees, 60 degrees, 80 degrees, 100 degrees, 120 degrees, 140 degrees, 160 degrees and 180 degrees; then taking down the bent capillary tube and carrying out annealing treatment to remove stress generated in the bending process;
step 2, re-mounting the annealed capillary tube on a bent tube clamp, and mounting a transmitting probe and a collecting probe which are respectively mounted at two ends of the capillary tube; measuring the intensity of 8 paths of vibration signals of the annealed capillary corresponding collection probe under the condition that the transmitting probe is driven by 8 paths of ultrasonic waves with the same intensity, and taking the 8 paths of collected signals as reference signals R i ＝[r 1 ,r 2 ,…,r 8 ]Wherein i is 1-9, corresponding to different bending angles, namely each bending angle corresponds to a group of reference signals;
step 3, mounting a new unbent capillary tube on a bent tube clamp, bending the new unbent capillary tube to the angles of 20 degrees, 40 degrees, 60 degrees, 80 degrees, 100 degrees, 120 degrees, 140 degrees, 160 degrees and 180 degrees respectively, controlling a vibration loading driving module to carry out frequency sweep oscillation under one angle, and simultaneously detecting whether the signal intensity I of an echo collector is stable or not, wherein if the signal intensity I generates step change, the situation that the installation of the capillary tube is unstable needs to be measured again; measuring the intensity of 8 paths of vibration signals of the annealed capillary corresponding collection probe under the drive of 8 paths of ultrasonic waves with the same intensity by using the emission probe while sweeping frequency, and taking the 8 paths of collected signals as a detection signal Q ij ＝[q 1j ,q 2j ,…,q 8j ]Wherein j is the frequency of the sweep frequency during detection, i is 1-9, and the frequency corresponds to different bending angles, i.e. each oscillation frequency and one bending angle correspond to a group of detection signals, and the total is i multiplied by j groups of signals;
step 4, grouping the i multiplied by j groups of detection signals in the step 3 according to i, dividing the detection signals into 9 groups, and respectively calculating the Mahalanobis distance between the j groups of detection signals in each group and the corresponding reference signal of i; screening out a j with the minimum Mahalanobis distance from the group corresponding to each i; 9J are obtained, each J being 1 ，J 2 ，…，J 9 (ii) a The 9J are the corresponding optimal oscillation frequencies from 20 degrees to 180 degrees;
step 5, taking an angle of 0-180 degrees as an abscissa and frequency as an ordinate, and combining (20 degrees, J) 1 )、(40°，J 2 )、(60°，J 3 )、(80°，J 4 )、(100°，J 5 )、(120°，J 6 )、(140°，J 7 )、(160°，J 8 )、(180°，J 9 ) Filling the coordinate graph, and then connecting into a curve, namely an oscillation driving curve;
step 6, installing the capillary tube to be bent on a bending fixture, controlling a loading motor to perform bending loading, and then controlling a vibration loading driving module to oscillate at a frequency corresponding to the angle on an oscillation driving curve according to the bending angle detected by an angle encoder; and after the bending is carried out to the required angle and the vibration is continued for a certain time at the frequency corresponding to the end angle on the vibration driving curve, the residual stress is removed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the novel bent pipe clamp is used, the clamp is simple in structure and good in stability, and can be well matched with a detection part for removing residual stress through oscillation; a new detection and implementation system for removing residual stress by vibration is also designed; by utilizing the characteristic that the ultrasonic wave propagates along the capillary, when residual stress exists in the capillary, the residual stress can affect the propagation of the ultrasonic wave, so that the received ultrasonic wave signal changes; the method comprises the steps of simultaneously measuring multiple angles, measuring the measurement results under different vibration frequencies and calculating the Mahalanobis distance from a standard signal without internal stress, so that the optimal vibration frequency of each angle can be obtained, vibrating according to the optimal frequency, the effect of removing residual stress can be improved, the time is saved, and the production efficiency is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide further understanding of the disclosed subject matter, are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate the implementations of the disclosed subject matter and, together with the detailed description, serve to explain the principles of implementations of the disclosed subject matter. No attempt is made to show structural details of the disclosed subject matter in more detail than is necessary for a fundamental understanding of the disclosed subject matter and various modes of practicing the same.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the elbow clamp of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the control structure of the elbow clamp of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the pipe bending fixture of the present invention in different states
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transmitting probe and the collecting probe and a polar coordinate display of the detection signal intensity of the receiving probe.
Detailed Description
The advantages, features and methods of accomplishing the same will be apparent from the drawings and the detailed description that follows.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, a double-layer capillary tube bending fixture comprises a bottom plate, a guide clamp 11, a main clamp 12, a main clamp seat 13, a wheel mold 14 and a wheel mold shaft 15; the guide clamp 11 is in a cuboid shape, the bottom surface of the guide clamp is fixed on the bottom plate, the side surface of the guide clamp is provided with a strip-shaped semicircular groove matched with the capillary tube along the horizontal direction, and the side wall of the capillary tube can be matched with the semicircular groove of the guide clamp 11; the wheel mold 14 is in the shape of an object formed by translating along the vertical direction in a closed shape formed by a frame consisting of a semicircular arc and three straight lines; the side surface of the wheel mould 14 comprises three planes and a semi-cylindrical surface, wherein strip-shaped semi-circular grooves matched with the capillary tubes are arranged on the two planes and the semi-cylindrical surface between the two planes along the horizontal direction; the side walls of the capillaries can match the semi-circular grooves of the wheel die 14; a wheel mold shaft 15 is provided along the axis of the semi-cylindrical surface so that the wheel mold 14 can rotate around the wheel mold shaft 15; the shape of the main clamp 12 is the same as that of the guide clamp 11, the main clamp 12 is fixed on the side wall of the plane of the wheel mold 14 through a main clamp seat 13, and a strip-shaped semicircular groove matched with the capillary is arranged on the side surface, in contact with the wheel mold 14, of the main clamp 12 along the horizontal direction, so that a cylindrical hole is formed by the two semicircular grooves of the wheel mold 14 and the main clamp 12;
the rotation range of the wheel mold 14 has two end points, when the wheel mold rotates to the first end, one side of the main clamp 12 is contacted with one side of the guide clamp 11, and at the moment, two semicircular grooves of the wheel mold 14 and the main clamp 12 form a cylindrical hole which is coaxial with a strip-shaped semicircular groove on the side surface of the guide clamp 11; when the wheel mold 14 rotates to the second end, the other plane side wall of the wheel mold 14 is contacted with one side of the guide clamp 11, so that the wheel mold 14 and the two semicircular grooves of the guide clamp 11 form a cylindrical hole, and the cylindrical hole formed by the wheel mold 14 and the two semicircular grooves of the guide clamp 11 is parallel to the cylindrical hole formed by the wheel mold 14 and the two semicircular grooves of the main clamp 12;
the strip-shaped semicircular grooves on the side surfaces of the guide clamp 11, the main clamp 12 and the wheel die 14 are two in the vertical direction, and the radiuses of the strip-shaped semicircular grooves are unequal.
Example 2:
with reference to fig. 2-4, a double-layer capillary tube bending device for removing residual stress by vibration comprises a tube bending clamp, a main controller, a detection ultrasonic driving module, a vibration loading driving module and a bending loading driving module, and is characterized in that:
the main controller is connected with the detection ultrasonic driving module, the vibration loading driving module and the bending loading driving module;
the detection ultrasonic driving module is connected with a transmitting probe 21 and a collecting probe 22, the transmitting probe 21 is used for transmitting ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves transmitted by the transmitting probe 21 are transmitted along the extending direction of the capillary, and the collecting probe 22 is used for collecting the ultrasonic waves transmitted from the transmitting probe 21;
the emission probe 21 and the collection probe 22 are respectively arranged at two ends of the capillary;
the vibration loading driving module is connected with the function generator and the echo collector 24, the function generator is used for sending out frequency sweep signals, the function generator is connected with the electromagnetic oscillator 23, and the electromagnetic oscillator 23 carries out frequency sweep oscillation according to the frequency sweep signals sent out by the function generator; the electromagnetic oscillator 23 and the echo collector 24 are both arranged on the main clamp 12 and on the opposite side of the surface of the main clamp 12 in contact with the capillary, so that the oscillation emitted by the electromagnetic oscillator 23 can be transmitted to the capillary; the echo collector 24 collects oscillation signals reflected from the capillary;
the bending loading driving module is connected with the angle encoder and the loading motor; the angle encoder is used for detecting the angle of rotation of the wheel model 14, and the loading motor is used for controlling the rotation of the wheel model 14.
The emission probe 21 and the collection probe 22 have the same structure, and comprise an end face circular plate 31, wherein the end face circular plate 31 is provided with an annular groove 32, and the annular groove is used for placing the end face of the capillary; 8 ultrasonic transducers 33 which are arranged in an annular mode at equal intervals are arranged on the outer side of the groove; therefore, 8 ultrasonic waves are emitted by 8 transducers of the transmitting probe 21 at one end, 8 transmitted vibration signals are correspondingly collected by 8 ultrasonic transducers 33 of the collecting probe 22 at the other end, and the strength of the collected 8 paths of vibration signals is fed back to the main controller by the collecting probe 22.
A method for removing residual stress by using the double-layer capillary tube bending device comprises the following steps:
step 1, bending a capillary tube into a plurality of gradient change angles by using a bent tube clamp, wherein the gradient change angles are respectively 20 degrees, 40 degrees, 60 degrees, 80 degrees, 100 degrees, 120 degrees, 140 degrees, 160 degrees and 180 degrees; then taking down the bent capillary tube and carrying out annealing treatment to remove stress generated in the bending process;
step 2, the annealed capillary tube is installed on the bent tube clamp again, a transmitting probe and a collecting probe 22 are installed, and the transmitting probe 21 and the collecting probe 22 are installed at two ends of the capillary tube respectively; the intensity of 8-channel vibration signals of the annealed capillary corresponding collecting probe 22 is measured under 8-channel ultrasonic drive with the same intensity of the transmitting probe 21, and the 8-channel collected signals are used as reference signals R i ＝[r 1 ,r 2 ,…,r 8 ]Wherein i is 1-9, corresponding to different bending angles, namely each bending angle corresponds to a group of reference signals;
step 3, mounting a new unbent capillary tube on a bent tube clamp, bending the new unbent capillary tube to the angles of 20 degrees, 40 degrees, 60 degrees, 80 degrees, 100 degrees, 120 degrees, 140 degrees, 160 degrees and 180 degrees respectively, controlling a vibration loading driving module to carry out frequency sweep oscillation under one angle, and simultaneously detecting whether the signal intensity I of the echo collector 24 is stable or not, wherein if the I generates step change, the situation that the installation of the capillary tube is unstable needs to be measured again; the emission probe 21 measures the intensity of 8 paths of vibration signals of the annealed capillary corresponding collection probe 22 under the drive of 8 paths of ultrasonic waves with the same intensity while sweeping frequency, and the signals collected by the 8 paths are taken as detection signals Q ij ＝[q 1j ,q 2j ,…,q 8j ]Wherein j is the frequency of the frequency sweep of the vibration loading driving module during detection, i is 1-9, and the frequency sweep corresponds to different bending angles, namely each oscillation frequency and one bending angle correspond to a group of detection signals, and the total is i multiplied by j groups of signals;
step 4, grouping the i multiplied by j groups of detection signals in the step 3 according to the same i, wherein the i multiplied by j groups of detection signals are divided into 9 groups, and the mahalanobis distance between the j groups of detection signals in each group and the corresponding i reference signal is calculated respectively; screening out a j with the minimum Mahalanobis distance from the group corresponding to each i; 9J are obtained, each J being 1 ，J 2 ，…，J 9 (ii) a The 9J are the corresponding optimal vibration loading driving module oscillation frequency from 20 degrees to 180 degrees;
step 5, taking an angle of 0-180 degrees as an abscissa and frequency as an ordinate, and combining (20 degrees, J) 1 )、(40°，J 2 )、(60°，J 3 )、(80°，J 4 )、(100°，J 5 )、(120°，J 6 )、(140°，J 7 )、(160°，J 8 )、(180°，J 9 ) Filling the coordinate graph, and then connecting into a curve, namely an oscillation driving curve;
step 6, mounting the capillary tube to be bent on a bending clamp, controlling a loading motor to perform bending loading, and then controlling a vibration loading driving module to oscillate at a frequency corresponding to the angle on an oscillation driving curve according to the bending angle detected by an angle encoder; and after the bending is carried out to the required angle and the vibration is continued for a certain time at the frequency corresponding to the end angle on the vibration driving curve, the residual stress is removed.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims (3)

1. The utility model provides an utilize vibration to get rid of residual stress's double-deck capillary swan neck system, includes return bend anchor clamps, main control unit, detects supersound drive module, vibration loading drive module and the loading drive module of buckling, its characterized in that:
the pipe bending clamp comprises a bottom plate, a guide clamp (11), a main clamp (12), a main clamp seat (13), a wheel mold (14) and a wheel mold shaft (15); the guide clamp (11) is in a cuboid shape, the bottom surface of the guide clamp is fixed on the bottom plate, the side surface of the guide clamp is provided with a strip-shaped semicircular groove matched with the capillary tube along the horizontal direction, and the side wall of the capillary tube can be matched with the semicircular groove of the guide clamp (11); the wheel mold (14) is an object formed by translating along the vertical direction in a closed shape formed by a frame consisting of a semicircular arc and three straight lines; the side surface of the wheel mould (14) comprises three planes and a semi-cylindrical surface, wherein strip-shaped semi-circular grooves matched with the capillary tubes are arranged on the two planes and the semi-cylindrical surface between the two planes along the horizontal direction; the side wall of the capillary can be matched with the semicircular groove of the wheel die (14); a wheel mould shaft (15) is arranged along the axis of the semi-cylindrical surface, so that the wheel mould (14) can rotate around the wheel mould shaft (15); the shape of the main clamp (12) is the same as that of the guide clamp (11), the main clamp (12) is fixed on the side wall of the plane of the wheel mold (14) through a main clamp seat (13), and strip-shaped semicircular grooves matched with the capillary tubes are arranged on the side face, in contact with the wheel mold (14), of the main clamp (12) along the horizontal direction, so that a cylindrical hole is formed by the wheel mold (14) and the two semicircular grooves of the main clamp (12);
the rotation range of the wheel mold (14) is provided with two end points, one side of the main clamp (12) is contacted with one side of the guide clamp (11) when the wheel mold (14) rotates to the first end, and at the moment, two semicircular grooves of the wheel mold (14) and the main clamp (12) form a cylindrical hole which is coaxial with the strip-shaped semicircular groove on the side surface of the guide clamp (11); when the wheel mold (14) rotates to the second end, the other plane side wall of the wheel mold (14) is contacted with one side of the guide clamp (11), so that the wheel mold (14) and the two semicircular grooves of the guide clamp (11) form a cylindrical hole, and the cylindrical hole formed by the wheel mold (14) and the two semicircular grooves of the guide clamp (11) is parallel to the cylindrical hole formed by the wheel mold (14) and the two semicircular grooves of the main clamp (12);
the two strip-shaped semicircular grooves on the side surfaces of the guide clamp (11), the main clamp (12) and the wheel die (14) are arranged in the vertical direction, and the radiuses of the two strip-shaped semicircular grooves are unequal;
the main controller is connected with the detection ultrasonic driving module, the vibration loading driving module and the bending loading driving module;
the detection ultrasonic driving module is connected with a transmitting probe (21) and a collecting probe (22), the transmitting probe (21) is used for transmitting ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves transmitted by the transmitting probe (21) are transmitted along the extending direction of the capillary tube, and the collecting probe (22) is used for collecting the ultrasonic waves transmitted by the transmitting probe (21);
the emission probe (21) and the collection probe (22) are respectively arranged at two ends of the capillary tube;
the vibration loading driving module is connected with the function generator and the echo collector (24), the function generator is used for sending out frequency sweeping signals and is connected with the electromagnetic oscillator (23), and the electromagnetic oscillator (23) conducts frequency sweeping oscillation according to the frequency sweeping signals sent out by the function generator; the electromagnetic oscillator (23) and the echo collector (24) are both arranged on the main clamp (12) and are arranged on the opposite side surfaces of the surface of the main clamp (12) contacted with the capillary, so that the oscillation emitted by the electromagnetic oscillator (23) can be transmitted to the capillary; the echo collector (24) collects the oscillation signal reflected from the capillary;
the bending loading driving module is connected with the angle encoder and the loading motor; the angle encoder is used for detecting the rotating angle of the wheel mould (14), and the loading motor is used for controlling the rotation of the wheel mould (14).
2. The double-layer capillary tube bending device for removing residual stress by vibration according to claim 1, wherein:
the emission probe (21) and the collection probe (22) have the same structure and comprise an end face circular plate (31), wherein the end face circular plate (31) is provided with an annular groove (32), and the annular groove is used for placing the end face of the capillary tube; 8 ultrasonic transducers (33) which are arranged in an annular mode at equal intervals are arranged on the outer side of the groove; therefore, 8 ultrasonic transducers of the transmitting probe (21) at one end emit 8 ultrasonic waves, 8 ultrasonic transducers (33) of the collecting probe (22) at the other end correspondingly collect 8 transmitted vibration signals, and the collecting probe (22) feeds back the strength of the collected 8 paths of vibration signals to the main controller.
3. A method of removing residual stress using the double layer capillary tube bending device of claim 2, comprising the steps of:
step 1, bending a capillary tube into a plurality of gradient change angles by using a bent tube clamp, wherein the gradient change angles are respectively 20 degrees, 40 degrees, 60 degrees, 80 degrees, 100 degrees, 120 degrees, 140 degrees, 160 degrees and 180 degrees; then taking down the bent capillary tube and carrying out annealing treatment to remove stress generated in the bending process;
step 2, re-mounting the annealed capillary tube on a bent tube clamp, and mounting a transmitting probe (21) and a collecting probe (22), wherein the transmitting probe (21) and the collecting probe (22) are respectively mounted at two ends of the capillary tube; the intensity of 8 paths of vibration signals of the annealed capillary corresponding collecting probe (22) is measured under the condition that the transmitting probe (21) uses 8 paths of ultrasonic drive with the same intensity, and the signals collected by the 8 paths are used as reference signals R i ＝[r 1 ,r 2 ,…,r 8 ]Wherein i is 1 to 9Corresponding to different bending angles, namely each bending angle corresponds to a group of reference signals;
step 3, mounting a new unbent capillary tube on a bent tube clamp, bending the new unbent capillary tube to the angles of 20 degrees, 40 degrees, 60 degrees, 80 degrees, 100 degrees, 120 degrees, 140 degrees, 160 degrees and 180 degrees respectively, controlling a vibration loading driving module to carry out frequency sweep oscillation under one angle, and simultaneously detecting whether the signal intensity I of an echo collector (24) is stable or not, wherein if the I generates step change, the situation that the installation of the capillary tube is unstable needs to be measured again; the emission probe (21) measures the intensity of 8 paths of vibration signals of the annealed capillary corresponding collection probe (22) under the drive of 8 paths of ultrasonic waves with the same intensity while sweeping the frequency, and the signals collected by the 8 paths are taken as detection signals Q ij ＝[q 1j ,q 2j ,…,q 8j ]Wherein j is the frequency of the frequency sweep of the vibration loading driving module during detection, i is 1-9, and the frequency sweep corresponds to different bending angles, namely each oscillation frequency and one bending angle correspond to a group of detection signals, and the total is i multiplied by j groups of signals;
step 4, grouping the i multiplied by j groups of detection signals in the step 3 according to the same i, and dividing the detection signals into 9 groups, wherein the j groups of detection signals in each group respectively calculate the Mahalanobis distance between the detection signals and the corresponding reference signal of i; screening out a j with the minimum Mahalanobis distance from the group corresponding to each i; 9J are obtained, each J being 1 ，J 2 ，…，J 9 (ii) a The 9J are the oscillation frequency driven by the optimal vibration loading driving module corresponding to 20-180 degrees;
step 5, taking an angle of 0-180 degrees as an abscissa and frequency as an ordinate, and combining (20 degrees, J) 1 )、(40°，J 2 )、(60°，J 3 )、(80°，J 4 )、(100°，J 5 )、(120°，J 6 )、(140°，J 7 )、(160°，J 8 )、(180°，J 9 ) Filling the coordinate graph, and then connecting into a curve, namely an oscillation driving curve;
step 6, installing the capillary tube to be bent on a bending fixture, controlling a loading motor to perform bending loading, and then controlling a vibration loading driving module to drive and oscillate at a frequency corresponding to the angle on an oscillation driving curve according to the bending angle detected by an angle encoder; and after the bending is carried out to the required angle and the vibration is continued for a period of time at the corresponding frequency of the terminal angle on the vibration driving curve, the residual stress is removed.
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DE10338187A1 (en) * 2003-08-12 2005-03-17 Palima W.Ludwig & Co. Method and device for bending and forming profiles by means of rolling or die bending
EP2208549B1 (en) * 2009-01-16 2011-10-12 WAFIOS Aktiengesellschaft Rotation stretch bending tool with eccentric clamp
CN102632607B (en) * 2012-04-24 2014-05-14 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Capillary tube bending device
CN104368632B (en) * 2013-08-16 2016-08-10 宁波钜智自动化装备有限公司 A kind of tubular detecting system of bend pipe and detection method thereof
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