CN112892869B

CN112892869B - Electrostatic dust removal equipment with internal circulation type self-cleaning system

Info

Publication number: CN112892869B
Application number: CN202110067204.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡清
Original assignee: Suzhou Miwu Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Suzhou Miwu Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-01-19
Filing date: 2021-01-19
Publication date: 2022-11-25
Anticipated expiration: 2041-01-19
Also published as: CN112892869A

Abstract

The invention relates to electrostatic dust collection equipment with an internal circulation type self-cleaning system, which comprises a machine shell, a multi-stage electrostatic field and a self-cleaning system, wherein the machine shell is internally provided with a cavity and is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the multi-stage electrostatic field is positioned in the machine shell and forms an electrostatic field area, and the self-cleaning system is used for cleaning the multi-stage electrostatic field. On one hand, the electrostatic dust collection device carries out electrostatic dust collection on gas through the electrostatic field area, so that the probability of blockage of a gas flow channel is low, the wind resistance is low, the energy consumption is low, and the filtering effect is good; on the other hand, through the internal circulation type airflow, dust on the electrode plate can be effectively swept and cleaned, and the swept dust flows along with the internal circulation type airflow and is collected into a dust collection filter bag, so that the self-cleaning of the filter layer can be implemented without disassembling the filter layer of the dust removal equipment.

Description

Electrostatic dust removal equipment with internal circulation type self-cleaning system

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of dust removing equipment, and particularly relates to electrostatic dust removing equipment with an internal circulation type self-cleaning system.

Background

In the actual production operation process, production equipment often can produce a large amount of contaminated gas containing oil mist or dust and the like, and great threat is caused to the working environment and the personal health of operators, so that the gas produced by the production equipment needs to be purified in a centralized manner.

For example, in the case of dust, the most commonly used dust removing equipment is filter drum type or filter bag type dust removing, although the dust removing equipment can meet the requirement of intercepting and filtering dust particles, the dust removing equipment has a remarkable defect that: the used filter layer is easy to block, which causes large wind resistance, poor filtering effect and energy consumption, and simultaneously, the filter layer needs to be disassembled for independent cleaning, thereby having inconvenient operation.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a brand-new electrostatic dust removal device with an internal circulation type self-cleaning system.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the self-cleaning system comprises a dust collecting area which is relatively communicated with the cavity, a dust collecting filter bag which seals the opening of the dust collecting area from a bag opening and is provided with a filter cavity and a filter gas cavity, a circulating pipeline which is used for communicating the filter gas cavity with the electrostatic field area, and a circulating fan which is arranged on the circulating pipeline, wherein the filter gas cavity is formed between the periphery of the dust collecting filter bag and the inner wall of the dust collecting area, the filter cavity is communicated with the cavity, the air flow which is positioned in the electrostatic field area flows into the filter gas cavity through the filter cavity and flows back to the electrostatic field area to form inner circulation of the air flow, and the dust adsorbed on electrode plates of each stage of electrostatic field flows along with the air flow and is collected into the dust collecting filter bag.

Preferably, the cavity comprises a first cavity and a second cavity which are communicated, wherein the air inlet is communicated with the first cavity, the air outlet is communicated with the second cavity, and the electrostatic field area formed by the multistage electrostatic field is intercepted and arranged in the first cavity and/or the second cavity.

According to a specific implementation and preferred aspect of the invention, the first cavity and the second cavity are vertically arranged and communicated from the bottom, the air inlet and the air outlet are both positioned at the top of the first cavity and the second cavity, the electrostatic field area formed by the multi-stage electrostatic field is intercepted and arranged in the second cavity, and the electrostatic dust removal equipment further comprises a filter assembly intercepted and arranged in the first cavity. Therefore, under the primary filtering of the filtering component, interception and filtering are firstly carried out; then, the multi-stage electrostatic field is combined for electrostatic dust removal, so that the dust removal efficiency and effect are improved.

Preferably, the filter assembly comprises a plurality of layers of filter elements which are distributed at intervals from top to bottom, wherein the filter mesh number formed by the plurality of layers of filter elements is equal or the filter mesh number is gradually reduced from top to bottom.

According to another embodiment and a preferable aspect of the present invention, an arc-shaped baffle is formed at a communication portion between the first chamber and the second chamber, wherein the arc-shaped baffle is bent downward from upper and lower end portions, and the arc-shaped baffle is located in the first chamber. Under the guide of arc guide plate, the gas that is convenient for through prefilter gets into electrostatic field district relatively evenly, more is favorable to gaseous dust removal.

Preferably, the opening in dust collecting region sets up, and is located the below of first cavity and second cavity intercommunication department, and the sack passes through the sealing strip detachable and seals on the opening in dust collecting region. The arrangement of the opening is convenient for the extraction and circulation of the airflow; the detachable connection of the bag opening is convenient for the disassembly, assembly and replacement of the dust collection filter bag.

Preferably, the plurality of pockets are arranged in communication from the top and side by side along the length or width of the dust collection area. The air flow can be combed to each pocket relatively uniformly.

Furthermore, the tops of the bag openings of the bag cavities are flush, and the two adjacent bag openings are integrally formed or detachably connected through connecting edges. Generally, the filter bag cloth is integrally formed, and the filter bag cloth is directly folded to form a corresponding connecting edge.

According to a further embodiment and preferred aspect of the present invention, the width of the mouth formed by each pocket decreases from top to bottom. This serves two purposes: 1. the two adjacent bag cavities are conveniently and oppositely separated, so that the air flow is facilitated, and the filtering efficiency and effect are improved; 2. the dust collection after being filtered is convenient, and under the general condition, the dust can be gathered and piled at the bottom of the bag cavity.

Preferably, the bottoms of the plurality of pockets are flush. Each pocket has the same capacity to filter.

In addition, the circulating fan is located below the electrostatic field area and on one side of the dust collecting area, and the circulating pipeline comprises a first pipeline and a second pipeline, wherein the first pipeline is used for communicating the air filtering cavity with an air inlet of the circulating fan, and the second pipeline is used for communicating an air outlet of the circulating fan with the electrostatic field area. The layout is relatively simple in structure and convenient to implement.

Preferably, the electrostatic field area has multistage electrostatic fields distributed from top to bottom, the second pipeline comprises an air duct and return branch pipes which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with each stage of electrostatic field in the multistage electrostatic fields and communicated with the air duct, and dust on electrode plates of the corresponding electrostatic fields can be swept and cleaned by air flow blown out of the return branch pipes. In this way, it is ensured that each stage of electrostatic field is formed with the cleaning purge gas flow correspondingly, thereby improving the cleaning efficiency and effect.

In this case, each stage of electrostatic field is formed by two sets of electrode plates, wherein the distance between the electrode plates in the lower set is greater than the distance between the electrode plates in the upper set, which not only facilitates the circulation of gas, but also facilitates the electrostatic adsorption of particles with different particle sizes.

Specifically, the air duct comprises a main air duct and a plurality of branch air ducts communicated with each return duct, wherein the plurality of branch air ducts are arranged circumferentially around the housing of the electrostatic dust removal device or arranged side by side above the corresponding electrostatic field.

In this embodiment, the plurality of backflow branch pipes are arranged side by side, and the backflow branch pipes intersect with the electrode sheet (preferably, in a vertical state), wherein each backflow branch pipe is distributed with air flow through holes. Therefore, the electrode plates are blown and swept by the air flow which is completely covered and parallel to the electrode plates, and the blowing and cleaning effects are improved and promoted.

Due to the implementation of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

on one hand, the electrostatic dust collection device carries out electrostatic dust collection on gas through the electrostatic field area, so that the probability of blockage of a gas flow channel is low, the wind resistance is low, the energy consumption is low, and the filtering effect is good; on the other hand, through the internal circulation type airflow, dust on the electrode plate can be effectively swept and cleaned, and the swept dust flows along with the internal circulation type airflow and is collected into a dust collection filter bag, so that the self-cleaning of the filter layer can be implemented without disassembling the filter layer of the dust removal equipment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an electrostatic precipitator apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the structure of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of the internal circulation self-cleaning system of FIG. 2;

wherein: s, a cavity; s1, a first cavity; s2, a second cavity;

A. a self-cleaning system; 1. a dust collecting region; 2. a dust collection filter bag; g. a filter chamber; q, a gas filtering cavity; 20. a bag cavity; 3. a circulation line; 31. a first pipeline; 32. a second pipeline; 320. an air duct; a. a main ventilation pipe; b. a vent branch; 321. a return branch pipe; 4. a circulating fan;

G. a filter assembly; x, a filter element;

J. a multi-stage electrostatic field; j. an electrostatic field region;

k. a housing; k1, an air inlet; k2, and an air outlet.

Detailed Description

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, embodiments accompanying the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. This application is capable of embodiment in many different forms than those described herein and those skilled in the art will be able to make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the application and therefore the application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the present application.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, "plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless explicitly specified otherwise.

In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and encompass, for example, both fixed and removable connections or integral parts thereof; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.

In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "above," and "over" a second feature may be directly on or obliquely above the second feature, or simply mean that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the electrostatic precipitator of the present embodiment includes a casing k having a cavity s therein and having an air inlet k1 and an air outlet k2, a multi-stage electrostatic field J located inside the casing k and forming an electrostatic field area, a self-cleaning system a for cleaning the multi-stage electrostatic field J, and a filter assembly G.

Specifically, the cavity s includes a first cavity s1 and a second cavity s2 that are connected, wherein the first cavity s1 and the second cavity s2 are vertically arranged and are connected from the bottom.

The air inlet k1 and the air outlet k2 are both located at the tops of the first cavity s1 and the second cavity s2, wherein the air inlet k1 is communicated with the first cavity s1, and the air outlet k2 is communicated with the second cavity s 2.

The filtering component G is arranged in the first cavity s1 in an intercepting manner, and an electrostatic field area J formed by the multi-stage electrostatic field J is arranged in the second cavity s2 in an intercepting manner. Therefore, under the primary filtering of the filter component G, interception and filtering are firstly carried out; then, the multi-stage electrostatic field J is combined for electrostatic dust removal, so that the dust removal efficiency and effect are improved.

In this example, the filter assembly G includes a plurality of filter elements x spaced from top to bottom, wherein the plurality of filter elements x are arranged to become smaller from top to bottom layer by layer.

Specifically, each layer of filter element x has two, and is in a V-shaped structure with a downward opening in a lap joint from the top.

Meanwhile, an arc-shaped guide plate h is formed at the communication position of the first cavity s1 and the second cavity s2, wherein the arc-shaped guide plate h is arranged in a mode that the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the arc-shaped guide plate h are bent downwards, and the arc-shaped guide plate h is located in the first cavity s 1. Under the guide of arc guide plate, the gas that is convenient for through prefiltering gets into electrostatic field district j relatively evenly, more is favorable to gaseous dust removal.

Referring to fig. 3, the self-cleaning system a includes a dust collecting region 1 located below a communication position of the first cavity s1 and the second cavity s2, a dust collecting filter bag 2 sealing an opening of the dust collecting region 1 from a bag opening and forming a filter chamber g and an air filter chamber q, a circulation pipeline 3 for communicating the air filter chamber q with the electrostatic field region j, and a circulation fan 4 disposed on the circulation pipeline 3.

Specifically, the opening of the dust collecting region 1 is arranged upward and is opposite to the communicating part of the first cavity s1 and the second cavity s 2.

The bag mouth is detachably sealed on the opening of the dust collecting area 1 through a sealing strip. The detachable connection of the bag opening is convenient for the disassembly, assembly and replacement of the dust collection filter bag.

A filter air cavity q is formed between the periphery of the dust collection filter bag 2 and the inner wall of the dust collection area 1, and the filter cavity g is communicated with the electrostatic field area j.

Thus, the air flow in the electrostatic field region j flows into the air filtering cavity q through the filtering cavity g and flows back to the electrostatic field region j to form an internal circulation of the air flow (which can directly seal an air inlet and outlet channel of the electrostatic dust removal equipment), and the dust adsorbed on the electrode plate of the electrostatic field flows along with the air flow and is collected into the dust collection filter bag 2.

For better implementation, the dust collection filter bag 2 is formed with a plurality of bag cavities 20, wherein the bag bottom of each bag cavity 20 is located above the bottom plate of the dust collection area 1, and the bag bottom of each bag cavity 20 is spaced from the bottom plate. The adsorbed airflow is combed through the bag cavities, so that not only can the filtering efficiency and effect be enhanced, but also the smoothness of the airflow can be enhanced, and the dust statically adhered to the electrode plate can be collected quickly in the internal circulation of the airflow.

Specifically, the plurality of pockets 20 are arranged to communicate with each other from the top and are arranged side by side along the length direction of the dust collecting region 1. The air flow can be combed to each pocket relatively uniformly.

In this embodiment, the top of the bag openings of the plurality of bag cavities 20 are flush, and the two adjacent bag openings are integrally formed by the connecting edge, and the filter bag cloth is directly folded to form the corresponding connecting edge.

Specifically, the width of the pocket formed by each pocket 20 decreases from top to bottom. This provides two purposes: 1. the two adjacent bag cavities are conveniently and oppositely separated, so that the air flow is facilitated, and the filtering efficiency and effect are improved; 2. the dust collection after being filtered is convenient, and under the general condition, the dust can be gathered and piled at the bottom of the bag cavity.

In this example, the bottoms of the multiple pockets 20 are flush. Each pocket 20 has the same capacity for filtration.

The circulating fan 4 is positioned below the electrostatic field area j and on one side of the dust collecting area 1, and the circulating pipeline 3 comprises a first pipeline 31 for communicating the filter air cavity q with an air inlet of the circulating fan 4 and a second pipeline 32 for communicating an air outlet of the circulating fan 4 with the electrostatic field area j. Such an arrangement makes the structure relatively simple and easy to implement.

Specifically, the first pipeline 31 is a first pipe and a second pipe which are vertically arranged, wherein the first pipe is communicated with an air inlet of the circulating fan 4, and the second pipe is communicated with the right side of the dust collecting area 1.

In this example, the extending direction of the second tube is the same as the arrangement direction of the plurality of pockets 20. Therefore, smooth flow of the internal circulation airflow can be better realized.

Meanwhile, in this embodiment, the electrostatic field region j has two stages of electrostatic fields distributed from top to bottom, and the second pipeline 32 includes an air duct 320 and return branch pipes 321 disposed in one-to-one correspondence with each stage of electrostatic field and communicating with the air duct 320, wherein the air flow blown out from the return branch pipes 321 can sweep and clean the dust on the electrode plates of the corresponding electrostatic fields. In this way, it is ensured that each stage of electrostatic field is formed with the cleaning purge gas flow correspondingly, thereby improving the cleaning efficiency and effect.

Specifically, the air duct 320 includes a main air duct a, and a branch air duct b connected to each of the branch return ducts 321, wherein the branch return ducts 321 are disposed side by side above the corresponding electrostatic field.

In this embodiment, the backflow branch pipe 321 is perpendicular to the electrode plate, and the backflow branch pipe 321 is correspondingly provided with a plurality of backflow air holes, so that the electrode plate is blown by the air flow which is completely covered and formed in parallel with the electrode plate, and the blowing and cleaning effects are improved and enhanced.

Meanwhile, for better implementation, the positions of the backflow air holes can be arranged according to the distribution of the electrode plates, and the electrode plates can be cleaned comprehensively at the best cleaning angle.

In addition, it should be noted that, in this example, each stage of electrostatic field is formed by two sets of electrode plates, wherein the distance between the electrode plates in the lower set is greater than the distance between the electrode plates in the upper set, which not only facilitates the gas flow, but also facilitates the electrostatic adsorption of particles with different particle sizes. The two stages of electrostatic fields may have the same structure or may be changed step by step, but in this example, the two stages of electrostatic fields have the same structure in consideration of the gas smoothness.

In summary, the dust removing process of this embodiment is as follows:

gas to be dedusted enters the first cavity s1 from the gas inlet k1, continues to flow downwards and is subjected to primary screening by the multi-layer filter element x arranged from top to bottom in sequence, the screened gas flow enters the second cavity s2 under the guidance of the arc-shaped guide plate h and sequentially passes through the electrostatic field area j formed by each stage of electrostatic field from bottom to top, and then is extracted from the gas outlet k2 at the top of the second cavity s2, so that the dedusting of the gas is completed.

Meanwhile, the self-cleaning process of this embodiment is as follows:

the air inlet k1 and the air outlet k2 are closed, the circulating fan 4 works, negative pressure is formed in the air filtering cavity q, the air flow adsorbing the electrostatic field area j is filtered by the dust collecting filter bag 2, the air flow is recycled to the electrostatic field area j, the lower electrode plates are swept and cleaned through each backflow branch pipe 321, dust adhered to the electrode plates is blown away, meanwhile, the blown away dust can enter the dust collecting filter bag 2 along with the circulation of the air flow, and therefore the self-cleaning of the filter layer can be implemented without disassembling a filter layer of dust removal equipment.

Therefore, the present embodiment has the following advantages:

1. the arrangement of the inverted V-shaped filter element can realize the preliminary filtering of gas; meanwhile, the gas is subjected to electrostatic dust removal through the electrostatic field area, so that the probability of blockage of an airflow channel is low, the wind resistance is low, the energy consumption is low, and the dust removal effect is good;

2. through the inner loop formula air current, can effectually sweep the dust on the electrode slice clean to the dust after sweeping flows along with the air current of inner loop and collects to the dust and collect in the filter bag, thereby need not dismantle dust collecting equipment filter layer, can implement the automatically cleaning of filter layer.

The present invention has been described in detail in order to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and to practice it, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an electrostatic precipitator equipment from taking inner loop formula automatically cleaning system which characterized in that: the electrostatic dust removal equipment comprises a machine shell, a multi-stage electrostatic field and a self-cleaning system, wherein the machine shell is internally provided with a cavity and an air inlet and an air outlet, the multi-stage electrostatic field is positioned in the machine shell and forms an electrostatic field area, the self-cleaning system is used for cleaning the multi-stage electrostatic field and comprises a dust collecting area which is oppositely communicated with the cavity, a dust collecting filter bag which seals an opening of the dust collecting area from a bag opening and forms a filter cavity and a filter gas cavity, a circulating pipeline used for communicating the filter gas cavity with the electrostatic field area and a circulating fan arranged on the circulating pipeline, the filter gas cavity is formed between the periphery of the dust collecting filter bag and the inner wall of the dust collecting area, the filter cavity is communicated with the cavity, air flow positioned in the electrostatic field area flows into the filter gas cavity through the filter cavity and flows back to the electrostatic field area to form inner circulation of air flow, and dust adsorbed on each stage of electrostatic field flows along with the air flow and is collected into the dust collecting filter bag; the circulating fan is positioned below the electrostatic field area and on one side of the dust collecting area, the circulating pipeline comprises a first pipeline and a second pipeline, the first pipeline is used for communicating the filter gas cavity with an air inlet of the circulating fan, the second pipeline is used for communicating an air outlet of the circulating fan with the electrostatic field area, the second pipeline comprises an air duct and reflux branch pipes, the reflux branch pipes are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with each stage of electrostatic field in the multistage electrostatic field and are communicated with the air duct, and dust on electrode plates of the corresponding electrostatic field can be swept and cleaned by airflow blown out of the reflux branch pipes.

2. The electrostatic precipitator equipment of self-contained internal circulation type self-cleaning system of claim 1, wherein: the cavity comprises a first cavity and a second cavity which are communicated, wherein the air inlet is communicated with the first cavity, the air outlet is communicated with the second cavity, and an electrostatic field area formed by the multistage electrostatic field is intercepted and arranged in the first cavity and/or the second cavity.

3. The electrostatic precipitator equipment of self-contained internal circulation type self-cleaning system of claim 2, wherein: the first cavity and the second cavity are vertically arranged and communicated from the bottom, the air inlet and the air outlet are both positioned at the tops of the first cavity and the second cavity, an electrostatic field area formed by the multistage electrostatic field is intercepted and arranged in the second cavity, and the electrostatic dust removal equipment further comprises a filtering component intercepted and arranged in the first cavity.

4. The electrostatic precipitator with an internal circulation self-cleaning system according to claim 3, wherein: the filter assembly comprises a plurality of layers of filter elements which are distributed at intervals from top to bottom, wherein the filter mesh number formed by the plurality of layers of filter elements is equal or is arranged in a way of reducing layer by layer from top to bottom.

5. The electrostatic precipitator equipment of self-contained internal circulation type self-cleaning system of claim 3, wherein: an arc-shaped guide plate is formed at the communication position of the first cavity and the second cavity, wherein the arc-shaped guide plate is bent downwards from the upper end part and the lower end part, and the arc-shaped guide plate is positioned in the first cavity.

6. The electrostatic precipitator with an internal circulation self-cleaning system according to claim 5, wherein: the opening in dust collecting region sets up, and is located the below of first cavity and second cavity intercommunication department, the sack passes through the sealing strip detachable sealed on the opening in dust collecting region.

7. The electrostatic precipitator with an internal circulation type self-cleaning system according to claim 1, wherein: the dust collection filter bag is provided with a plurality of bag cavities, wherein the bag bottom of each bag cavity is located above the bottom plate of the dust collection area, and the bag bottom of each bag cavity is separated from the bottom plate.

8. The electrostatic precipitator with an internal circulation self-cleaning system according to claim 7, wherein: a plurality of the pocket cavity is linked together the setting from the top, and along the length or the width direction in dust collecting region set up side by side, wherein every adjacent two from connecting limit integrated into one piece or detachable connection between the sack.

9. The electrostatic precipitator equipment of self-contained internal circulation type self-cleaning system of claim 8, wherein: the width of a bag opening formed by each bag cavity is gradually reduced from top to bottom.

10. The electrostatic precipitator equipment of self-contained internal circulation type self-cleaning system of claim 1, wherein: the backflow branch pipes are arranged circumferentially around the shell of the electrostatic dust collection equipment or arranged above the corresponding electrostatic fields side by side.