Device for separating and discharging molten slag and melting gasification system comprising device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste gasification and melting treatment, and particularly relates to a device for separating and discharging molten metal and inorganic matter-containing materials and a melting and gasifying system comprising the device.
Background
The solid waste gasifying and melting treatment technology is a new solid waste treatment method developed on the basis of incineration method, combines pyrolysis gasification and melting solidification technology, and is a treatment technology for gasifying organic components and melting inorganic components of solid waste to obtain combustible gas and recovering useful substances such as metal, molten slag and the like. Compared with the traditional solid waste incineration technology, the gasification melting technology can thoroughly decompose dioxin, effectively solidify heavy metals in fly ash, solve the problem that the fly ash dioxin and the heavy metals exceed the standard, and is one of the solid waste treatment technologies widely researched at present.
However, in the conventional solid waste gasification and melting treatment technology, the separation of metal and inorganic matters in the molten discharge is not achieved, or the structure design of the slag hole is not reasonable, so that the slag hole is easily blocked by the molten material.
In the existing solid waste gasification and melting treatment technology, most of molten metal and inorganic matters are not really separated, or long channels (about 10 meters, and long strip-shaped channels are easy to radiate heat) are adopted and matched with a large number of burners to carry out the molten metal and the inorganic matters, and the separation method has the advantages of long occupied area and high energy consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a device for separating and discharging molten metal-containing and inorganic matter materials and a melting gasification system comprising the device, wherein the device has the advantages of simple structure, difficult slag blockage, small occupied area and low energy consumption.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a plant for separating and discharging slag, comprising:
a homogenizing chamber, a chilling chamber and a slag pool;
wherein the side wall of the homogenizing chamber is provided with a melt inlet, the bottom of the homogenizing chamber is provided with a slag outlet, the slag outlet is communicated with the chilling chamber, and the outlet of the chilling chamber is provided with a slag pool;
and the molten material containing inorganic matters and metal continuously flows in the homogenizing chamber for 30-180 min after entering the homogenizing chamber, and the inorganic matters and the metal are layered and enter the chilling chamber through the slag outlet for chilling, vitrification, granulation and separation and then enter the slag pool.
Furthermore, the homogenizing chamber is disc-shaped, the top of the homogenizing chamber is provided with a cover plate, the upper surface of the bottom of the homogenizing chamber is provided with a spiral melt channel, the outlet of the melt channel is positioned at the slag outlet, the bottom surface of the whole spiral melt channel is inclined from the sidewall of the homogenizing chamber to the slag outlet at the middle part of the homogenizing chamber, and the included angle between the bottom surface of the channel and the horizontal plane is 1-6 degrees; the outlet of the melt channel extends from the edge of the slag outlet to a radius of 1/8-1/2.
Furthermore, the cover plate is provided with runner nozzles extending into the homogenizing chamber, the runner nozzles are uniformly arranged along the spiral melt channel, the flame orientation of the runner nozzles is consistent with the flow direction of the melt, and the axial line of the runner nozzles forms an included angle of 20-75 degrees with the horizontal line.
Further, be provided with the slag notch nozzle that stretches into the homogeneity room on the apron, be located the slag notch directly over, the slag notch nozzle is perpendicular downwards, and its axis does not coincide with the slag notch axis and is close to the melt stream and says the exit side.
Furthermore, an observation hole is formed in the cover plate, and a high-temperature camera or a sight glass is arranged on the observation hole.
Furthermore, the chilling chamber comprises a water jacket and a descending pipe, an outlet at the bottom of the homogenizing chamber is sequentially connected with the water jacket and the descending pipe, and two granulation nozzles extending into the water jacket are arranged in the water jacket.
Further, the upper part of the water jacket is a cone with a small upper part and a big lower part.
Furthermore, the two granulation nozzles are arranged in a non-radial symmetrical mode at a certain included angle, and the axial focuses of the two granulation nozzles are just positioned right below the outlet of the melt flow channel.
Further, liquid is filled in the tank, and an outlet of the chilling chamber is inserted below the liquid level of the slag tank.
A high-temperature melting gasification system is used for carrying out high-temperature melting treatment on biomass, garbage, sludge and hazardous waste and comprises any one of the devices for separating and discharging molten slag.
In the device for separating and discharging the slag, the solid waste melt flows in the spiral melt flow channel at the bottom of the homogenizing chamber for 30-180 minutes, and metal and inorganic matters in the melt flow channel are gradually layered due to different densities. The melt channel with the spiral structure has the same channel length compared with the traditional straight melt channel, and the occupied area is small. In the invention, the runner burners for pushing the melt to flow and keeping the temperature of the homogenizing chamber are arranged along the melt flow channel, and other runner burners except the outermost runner burner do not directly radiate heat to the wall surface of the homogenizing chamber, thereby reducing the energy consumption. According to the invention, the slag hole is reasonable in structural design, the molten material channel outlet extends to the radius of 1/8-1/2 from the edge of the slag hole, and the water jacket is arranged in a cone shape with a small upper part and a large lower part, so that the possibility of slag accumulation and slag blockage caused by the flow of molten slag along the wall surface of the slag hole is prevented, the resistance of the molten slag outlet is reduced, and slag discharge is facilitated. In addition, a slag outlet burner is arranged above the slag outlet, so that the fluidity of slag is increased, and the possibility of slag blockage is further reduced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the device for separating and discharging the slag can be continuously operated, so that the molten organic matter and the molten metal are effectively separated, the separation efficiency can reach 85 percent, the occupied area is only about 1/5 of the current mainstream technology under the same separation amount, the energy consumption in the flowing process of the melt is only about 2/5 of the mainstream technology, and the possibility of slag blockage is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a slag separating and discharging apparatus according to example 1.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure in the direction A-A in FIG. 1 (the direction of the arrow is the melt flow direction).
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure in the direction B-B in FIG. 2 (the direction of the arrow is the melt flow direction).
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the flow of the melt in the melt flow channel in example 1 (the direction of the arrow is the melt flow direction).
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," and any variations thereof, in the description and claims of this application and the above-described drawings, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Example 1
The apparatus for separating and discharging molten slag as shown in fig. 1 to 3, comprises: a homogenizing chamber 1, a chilling chamber 2 and a slag pool 3.
The homogeneity chamber is discoid, and the top is provided with apron 4, and the lateral wall of homogeneity chamber is provided with melt entry 5, and the bottom is provided with slag notch 6, and slag notch intercommunication chilling chamber, the exit of chilling chamber are provided with the slag bath. The upper surface of the bottom of the homogenizing chamber is provided with a spiral melt channel 7 (shown in figure 4), the outlet of the melt channel is positioned at the slag outlet, the bottom surface of the whole spiral melt channel is inclined from the sidewall of the homogenizing chamber to the slag outlet at the middle part, and the included angle between the bottom surface of the channel and the horizontal plane is 1-6 degrees. The outlet of the molten material flow channel at the lower part of the homogenizing chamber extends from the edge of the slag outlet to a radius of 1/8-1/2.
The cover plate is provided with runner nozzles 8 extending into the homogenizing chamber, the plurality of runner nozzles are uniformly arranged along the spiral melt channel, the flame orientation of the runner nozzles is consistent with the flow direction of the melt, and the axis of the runner nozzles forms an included angle of 20-75 degrees with the horizontal line. The cover plate is also provided with a slag hole burner 9 extending into the homogenizing chamber and positioned right above the slag hole, the slag hole burner is vertically downward, and the axis of the slag hole burner is not superposed with the axis of the slag hole and is close to the outlet side of the molten material runner. Set up observation hole 10 on the apron, be provided with high temperature camera or sight glass on the observation hole and observe the slag notch slag flow condition, if it is not good to flow, the load and the flame length of slag notch nozzle on the adjustable apron, supplementary row's sediment is arranged, avoids stifled sediment.
And the molten material containing inorganic matters and metal continuously flows in the homogenizing chamber for 30-180 min after entering the homogenizing chamber, and the inorganic matters and the metal are layered and enter the chilling chamber through the slag outlet for chilling, vitrification, granulation and separation and then enter the slag pool.
The quench chamber comprises a water jacket 11 and a downcomer 12. The outlet at the bottom of the homogenizing chamber is sequentially connected with a water jacket and a downcomer, the upper part of the water jacket is a cone with a small upper part and a big lower part, and two granulating nozzles 13 extending into the water jacket are arranged in the water jacket. The two granulation nozzles are arranged in a non-radial symmetrical way at a certain included angle, and the axial focuses of the two granulation nozzles are just positioned under the outlet of the melt flow channel (as shown in figure 3). The slag pool is filled with liquid, and the outlet of the downcomer is inserted below the liquid level of the slag pool.
The solid waste molten mixture containing metals and inorganic matters enters a molten material flow channel of the homogenizing chamber from a molten material inlet, flows to a slag outlet along a conical spiral channel of the molten material flow channel and is pushed by a flame of a flow channel burner in the same direction as the flow direction. The solid waste melt flows in the conical spiral melt flow channel for 30-180 min, and metal and inorganic matters in the melt flow channel are gradually layered due to different densities. The runner burner also provides the heat required for the flow of the melt. And the layered melt enters a chilling chamber at the radius of 1/8-1/2 of a slag outlet and is cooled by chilling water sprayed by a granulating nozzle right below the chilling chamber. The slag flowing condition of the slag outlet is observed through a high-temperature camera or a sight glass arranged on the observation hole, if the slag flowing condition is poor, the load and the flame length of the nozzle of the slag outlet on the cover plate can be adjusted, slag is discharged in an auxiliary mode, and slag blockage is avoided.
Example 2
A high-temperature melting gasification system is used for carrying out high-temperature melting treatment on biomass, garbage, sludge and dangerous waste and comprises the device for separating and discharging molten slag in embodiment 1.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.