CN112888035B - Method and network equipment for prohibiting terminal equipment from switching to single downlink cell - Google Patents
Method and network equipment for prohibiting terminal equipment from switching to single downlink cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN112888035B CN112888035B CN201911208271.5A CN201911208271A CN112888035B CN 112888035 B CN112888035 B CN 112888035B CN 201911208271 A CN201911208271 A CN 201911208271A CN 112888035 B CN112888035 B CN 112888035B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
- H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
- H04W36/0058—Transmission of hand-off measurement information, e.g. measurement reports
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
- H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
- H04W36/0061—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link of neighbour cell information
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for forbidding terminal equipment to switch to a single downlink cell, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a first network device receives a cell identification list reported by a terminal device, wherein the cell identification list comprises an identification of a second network device; and if the first network equipment determines that the second network equipment is the single downlink cell, the first network equipment filters the identifier of the second network equipment from the cell identifier list. When the first network device determines that the second network device is a single downlink cell, the first network device may filter the identifier of the second network device from the cell identifier list reported by the terminal device, so that the terminal device may be prevented from being switched or reestablished to the second network device, and abnormal situations are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of communication, in particular to a method and network equipment for prohibiting terminal equipment from being switched to a single downlink cell.
Background
Because there is no uplink spectrum resource or uplink interference is too large, there may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) single downlink cell, and the LTE single downlink cell can only support Carrier Aggregation (CA), and cannot support terminal device access, handover, and reestablishment. If there is a terminal device accessing, switching, or reestablishing to the single downlink cell, an abnormal situation may occur, for example: access failure, too late handover, failed reestablishment, or increased abnormal call drops, etc.
The current third generation partnership project (3 GPP)36331 protocol carries cellgarred status, which can limit access of idle terminal devices, but cannot limit switching or rebuilding scenarios.
A cell located in the same base station may acquire the states of other cells located in the base station. If the cell a is a single downlink cell, the cell B located in the same base station as the cell a can acquire the state of the cell a to determine that the cell a is the single downlink cell. The B cell may restrict the terminal device from switching or reestablishing to the a cell. If the cell C and the cell a are located in different base stations, the cell C cannot acquire the state of the cell a, so that the user cannot be restricted from switching or reestablishing to the cell a. When the terminal device switches or reestablishes to the single downlink cell, an abnormal situation may occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a method for prohibiting terminal equipment from being switched to a single downlink cell, and the method can avoid switching or reestablishing the terminal equipment to the single downlink cell and avoid abnormal conditions.
A first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a method for prohibiting a terminal device from being switched to a single downlink cell, where the method includes: a first network device receives a cell identification list reported by a terminal device, wherein the cell identification list comprises an identification of a second network device; and if the first network equipment determines that the second network equipment is the single downlink cell, the first network equipment filters the identifier of the second network equipment from the cell identifier list. When the first network device determines that the second network device is a single downlink cell, the first network device may filter the identifier of the second network device from the cell identifier list reported by the terminal device, so that the terminal device may be prevented from being switched or reestablished to the second network device, and abnormal situations are avoided.
Optionally, with reference to the first aspect, in a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, before the first network device receives the cell identifier list reported by the terminal device, the method further includes: the first network equipment receives a target message from the second network equipment, wherein the target message comprises an identifier of the second network equipment, and the target message is used for indicating that the second network equipment is a single downlink cell; the first network equipment stores the identification of the second network equipment locally according to the target message; the first network device determining that the second network device is the single downlink cell includes: and the first network equipment determines that the second network equipment is a single downlink cell according to the locally stored identifier of the second network equipment. The first network device can determine that the second network device is the single downlink cell by receiving the target message from the second network device, so that the terminal device can be prevented from being switched or reestablished to the single downlink cell, and the abnormal condition is avoided.
Optionally, with reference to the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the determining, by the first network device, that the second network device is a single downlink cell includes: the first network device determines a physical-layer cell identity (PCI) value of the second network device according to the identifier of the second network device, a preset corresponding relationship between the cell identifier and the PCI range; and if the PCI value of the second network equipment is within the range of the preset single downlink cell, the first network equipment determines that the second network equipment is the single downlink cell. The first network device can determine that the second network device is a single downlink cell through the corresponding relation between the preconfigured cell identifier and the PCI range, so that the terminal device can be prevented from being switched or reestablished to the single downlink cell, and the abnormal condition is avoided.
Optionally, with reference to the first aspect, in a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, before the first network device determines that the second network device is a single downlink cell, the method further includes: the first network equipment sends a request message to the third network equipment, wherein the request message comprises the identification of the second network equipment; the first network equipment receives a response message from the third network equipment, wherein the response message is used for indicating that the second network equipment is a single downlink cell; the first network device determining that the second network device is the single downlink cell includes: and the first network equipment determines that the second network equipment is a single downlink cell according to the response message. The first network device can acquire the message that the second network device is the single downlink cell from the third network device, so that the terminal device can be prevented from switching or reestablishing to the single downlink cell, and the abnormal condition is avoided.
A second aspect of the present application provides a network device, where the network device includes: a receiving module, configured to receive a cell identifier list reported by a terminal device, where the cell identifier list includes an identifier of a second network device; the processing module is used for determining that the second network equipment is a single downlink cell; the processing module is further configured to filter the identifier of the second network device from the cell identifier list. When the processing module determines that the second network device is a single downlink cell, the processing module filters the identifier of the second network device from the cell identifier list, so that the terminal device can be prevented from being switched or reestablished to the second network device, and abnormal conditions are avoided.
Optionally, with reference to the second aspect, in a first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the receiving module is further configured to receive a target message from the second network device, where the target message includes an identifier of the second network device, and the target message is used to indicate that the second network device is a single downlink cell; the processing module is also used for locally storing the identifier of the second network equipment according to the target message; and the processing module is further used for determining that the second network equipment is a single downlink cell according to the locally stored identifier of the second network equipment.
Optionally, with reference to the second aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the processing module is further configured to determine a PCI value of the second network device according to a correspondence between an identifier of the second network device, a preset cell identifier, and a physical layer cell identification PCI range; and the processing module is further used for determining that the second network equipment is the single downlink cell when the PCI value of the second network equipment is within the range of the preset single downlink cell.
Optionally, with reference to the second aspect, in a third possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the network device further includes: a sending module, configured to send a request message to a third network device, where the request message includes an identifier of a second network device; the receiving module is further configured to receive a response message from the third network device, where the response message is used to indicate that the second network device is a single downlink cell; and the processing module is further used for determining that the second network equipment is a single downlink cell according to the response message.
A third aspect of the present application provides a network device comprising a processor coupled with a memory, the memory being configured to store a computer program or instructions, the processor being configured to execute the computer program or instructions in the memory, such that the method in any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect to the first aspect is performed.
A fourth aspect of the application provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program or instructions are stored, which, when executed, cause the method of any one of claims 1 to 4 to be performed.
The application provides a method for prohibiting terminal equipment from being switched to a single downlink cell, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a first network device receives a cell identification list reported by a terminal device, wherein the cell identification list comprises an identification of a second network device; and if the first network equipment determines that the second network equipment is the single downlink cell, the first network equipment filters the identifier of the second network equipment from the cell identifier list. When the first network device determines that the second network device is a single downlink cell, the first network device may filter the identifier of the second network device from the cell identifier list reported by the terminal device, so that the terminal device may be prevented from being switched or reestablished to the second network device, and abnormal situations are avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for prohibiting a terminal device from being handed over to a single downlink cell according to the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for prohibiting a terminal device from being handed over to a single downlink cell according to the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a scenario of a method for prohibiting a terminal device from being switched to a single downlink cell according to the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a network device provided in the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The term "and/or" appearing in the present application may be an association describing an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, for example, a and/or B, may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" in this application generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship.
The terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and in the claims of the present application and in the above-described drawings are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It will be appreciated that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments described herein may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated or described herein. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or modules is not necessarily limited to those steps or modules explicitly listed, but may include other steps or modules not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Because there is no uplink spectrum resource or uplink interference is too large, there exists an LTE single downlink cell, which can only support CA and cannot support terminal device access, handover, and reconstruction. If there is a terminal device accessing, switching, or reestablishing to the single downlink cell, an abnormal situation may occur, for example: access failure, too late handover, failed reestablishment, or increased abnormal call drops, etc.
The current 3GPP 6331 protocol carries a cellgarred state, which can limit access of an idle terminal device, but cannot limit a handover or a reconstruction scenario.
A cell located in the same base station may acquire the states of other cells located in the base station. If the cell a is a single downlink cell, the cell B located in the same base station as the cell a can acquire the state of the cell a to determine that the cell a is the single downlink cell. The B cell may restrict the terminal device from switching or reestablishing to the a cell. If the cell C and the cell a are located in different base stations, the cell C cannot acquire the state of the cell a, so that the user cannot be restricted from switching or reestablishing to the cell a. When the terminal device switches or reestablishes to the single downlink cell, an abnormal situation may occur.
It should be noted that the single downlink cell may support Carrier Aggregation (CA). In order to enable the single downlink cell to support CA, a Primary Synchronization Sequence (PSS), a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), and a Cell Reference Signal (CRS) need to be issued.
If the single downlink cell does not issue the system message, the Automatic Neighbor Relation (ANR) cannot be supported, the neighbor relation cannot be automatically added, the cross-station CA neighbor relation needs to be manually configured, and the operability and the maintainability are low. If the single downlink cell normally issues the system message, after detecting the single downlink cell, the terminal device may report the system message to the serving cell through a Cell Global Identity (CGI), and the serving cell automatically adds a relationship with a neighboring cell of the single downlink cell through ANR, so that manual configuration may be reduced.
However, if the serving cell and the single downlink cell are located in different base stations, the serving cell cannot determine the state of the single downlink cell, and if the terminal device is handed over to the single downlink cell, a handover failure may result. If the terminal device switches after switching, the switching may be too late, which may result in the user dropping the call.
Therefore, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for prohibiting a terminal device from being switched to a single downlink cell, please refer to fig. 1, where the method includes:
101. the first network equipment receives a cell identification list reported by the terminal equipment, wherein the cell identification list comprises an identification of the second network equipment.
In this embodiment, in a moving process, due to network coverage or network load, a terminal device may change channel quality in a connected cell, which affects a service rate, and in order to ensure quality of a user service, the terminal device may search neighboring cells and report a neighboring cell measurement report to a first network device providing a service, where the neighboring cell measurement report includes a cell identifier list, and the cell identifier list includes a cell identifier of a neighboring cell to be added. The cell identifier is the only identifier of the neighbor cell to be added. The cell identity list comprises an identity of the second network device. The first network device and the second network device are both cells.
102. If the first network device determines that the second network device is a single downlink cell, the first network device filters the identifier of the second network device from the cell identifier list.
When the first network device determines that the second network device is a single downlink cell, the first network device filters the identifier of the second network device from the cell identifier list. It should be noted that the first network device filters the identifier of the second network device from the cell identifier list, i.e. removes the identifier of the second network device. In this way, the terminal device is not handed over or re-established to the second network device. Before that, the first network device needs to add a new neighbor relation with the second network device.
When the first network device determines that the second network device is a single downlink cell, the first network device may filter the identifier of the second network device from the cell identifier list reported by the terminal device, so that the terminal device may be prevented from being switched or reestablished to the second network device, and abnormal situations are avoided. The user experience can be improved.
In step 102, there are various ways for the first network device to determine the second network device, and the following three ways are given as examples in the embodiments of the present application, and the three examples should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Example one:
the first network device may determine that the second network device is a single downlink cell according to the target message by receiving the target message from the second network device. Specifically, please refer to fig. 2.
201. And the second network equipment sends a target message to the first network equipment, wherein the target message indicates that the second network equipment is a single downlink cell.
The second network device is a single downlink cell, and the target message may be a private message sent through a private link, a target message sent through an X2 interface, or a target message sent through an XN interface in a next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) scenario. The target message includes an identification of the second network device.
202. The first network device stores the identification of the second network device locally according to the target message.
The first network device stores the identification of the second network device locally based on the target message.
Illustratively, the first network device locally stores a single downlink cell identifier list, and the first network device stores the identifier of the second device in the single downlink cell identifier list. After the first network device adds the new neighboring cell relation to the second network device, the second network device may be filtered out in a handover scenario.
203. The first network device sends a response message to the second network device.
The first network device sends a response message to the second network device after receiving the target message.
Illustratively, if the target message is sent over a PRIVATE link or an X2 link, the response message is an ENB preamble CONFIGURATION UPDATE access when the target message is an ENB preamble CONFIGURATION UPDATE. When the target message is EN-DC PRIVATE CONFIGURATION UPDATE, the response message is EN-DC PRIVATE CONFIGURATION UPDATE ACCOWLEDGE. If the target message is sent over a PRIVATE link or an XN link, the target message may be an XN PRIVATE CONFIGURATION UPDATE, and the response message may be an XN PRIVATE CONFIGURATION UPDATE ACKNOWLEDGE.
It should be noted that, before step 201, if a private link, an X2 link, or an XN link is not established between the first network device and the second network device, the first network device needs to trigger establishment of a link first. It is to be understood that there may be other relay devices or apparatuses between the first network device and the second network device, such as a core network device.
Example two:
the first network device may determine that the second network device is a single downlink cell according to the identifier of the second network device, the preset correspondence between the cell identifier and the PCI range.
In this example, a PCI segmentation mode may be adopted, and the PCI of the single downlink cell is planned as a segment, that is, a cell with a PCI value within a preset range of the single downlink cell is a single downlink cell, and the value of the PCI and the identifier of the cell have a corresponding relationship. The preset single downlink cell range may be configured as a discrete single point or may be configured as a continuous segment. For example, in an LTE scenario, the PCI range of the normal cell may be [0, a ], the PCI range of the single downlink cell may be (a,503 ]. a may have a value range of 0 ≦ a ≦ 503, in a New Radio (NR) scenario, the PCI range of the normal cell may be [0, B ], and the PCI range of the single downlink cell may be (B,1007 ]. B may have a value range of 0 ≦ B ≦ 1007.
When the first network device determines the identifier of the second network device from the cell identifier list received by the terminal device, the first network device may determine the PCI value of the second network device according to the correspondence between the identifier of the second network device and the PCI value, so as to determine whether the PCI value of the second network device is within the preset PCI range of the single downlink cell. When the PCI of the second network device is within the PCI range of the single downlink cell, the first network device may determine that the second network device is the single downlink cell.
Example three:
and the first network equipment acquires that the second network equipment is a single downlink cell through the third network equipment. The first network device and the second network device are cells, and the third network device is a network manager.
Referring to fig. 3, the evolved node B (eNB) 1 includes a first network device, and the eNB2 includes a second network device. The second network device may issue the system message normally. The eNB2 sends synchronization configuration information to the network manager, and the network may determine that the second network device in the eNB2 is a single downlink cell according to the synchronization configuration information.
After the terminal device sends the neighbor measurement report to the first network device in eNB1, the first network device adds the neighbor relation with the second network device. The first network device updates the configuration information of the neighboring cell to the network management through the request message. The request message contains an identification of the second network device. The network manager sends a response message to the first network device, and the response message indicates that the second network device is a single downlink cell. The first network device may filter out the second network device in a handover scenario.
An embodiment of the present application provides a network device 30, where the network device 30 is a first network device in the foregoing embodiment, please refer to fig. 4, and the network device 30 may include:
a receiving module 301, configured to receive a cell identifier list reported by a terminal device, where the cell identifier list includes an identifier of a second network device.
The receiving module 301 is further configured to receive a target message from the second network device, where the target message includes an identifier of the second network device, and the target message is used to indicate that the second network device is a single downlink cell.
The receiving module 301 is further configured to receive a response message from the third network device, where the response message is used to indicate that the second network device is a single downlink cell.
A processing module 302, configured to determine that the second network device is a single downlink cell.
The processing module 302 is further configured to filter the identity of the second network device from the list of cell identities.
The processing module 302 is further configured to store the identifier of the second network device locally according to the target message.
The processing module 302 is further configured to determine that the second network device is a single downlink cell according to the locally stored identifier of the second network device.
The processing module 302 is further configured to determine a PCI value of the second network device according to the identifier of the second network device, a preset correspondence between the cell identifier and the physical layer cell identification PCI range.
The processing module 302 is further configured to determine that the second network device is a single downlink cell when the PCI value of the second network device is within the preset single downlink cell range.
The processing module 302 is further configured to determine that the second network device is a single downlink cell according to the response message.
A sending module 303, configured to send a request message to a third network device, where the request message includes an identifier of the second network device.
In implementation, the steps of the above method may be performed by integrated logic circuits of hardware in a processor or instructions in the form of software. The steps of a method disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present application may be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or may be implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in a processor. The software module may be located in ram, flash memory, rom, prom, or eprom, registers, etc. storage media as is well known in the art. The storage medium is located in a memory, and a processor reads information in the memory and completes the steps of the method in combination with hardware of the processor. To avoid repetition, it is not described in detail here.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
In the above embodiments, the implementation may be wholly or partially realized by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed on a computer, cause the processes or functions described in accordance with the embodiments of the application to occur, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a network of computers, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another, for example, from one website site, computer, server, or data center to another website site, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device, such as a server, a data center, etc., that incorporates one or more of the available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid state disk), among others.
The method and the network device for prohibiting the terminal device from being switched to the single downlink cell provided by the embodiment of the present application are introduced in detail above, and a specific example is applied in the present application to explain the principle and the implementation of the present application, and the description of the above embodiment is only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present application; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for prohibiting a terminal device from being switched to a single downlink cell is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
a first network device receives a cell identification list reported by a terminal device, wherein the cell identification list comprises an identification of a second network device;
and if the first network equipment determines that the second network equipment is a single downlink cell, the first network equipment filters the identifier of the second network equipment from the cell identifier list in a switching scene.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein before the first network device receives the cell identifier list reported by the terminal device, the method further comprises:
the first network device receives a target message from the second network device, wherein the target message includes an identifier of the second network device, and the target message is used for indicating that the second network device is the single downlink cell;
the first network equipment stores the identification of the second network equipment locally according to the target message;
the determining, by the first network device, that the second network device is the single downlink cell includes:
and the first network equipment determines that the second network equipment is a single downlink cell according to the locally stored identifier of the second network equipment.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first network device determining that the second network device is a single downlink cell comprises:
the first network equipment determines the PCI value of the second network equipment according to the corresponding relation between the identifier of the second network equipment, the preset cell identifier and the physical layer cell identification PCI range;
and if the PCI value of the second network equipment is within the range of a preset single downlink cell, the first network equipment determines that the second network equipment is the single downlink cell.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein before the first network device determines that the second network device is a single downlink cell, the method further comprises:
the first network equipment sends a request message to third network equipment, wherein the request message comprises the identification of the second network equipment;
the first network device receives a response message from a third network device, wherein the response message is used for indicating that the second network device is the single downlink cell;
the determining, by the first network device, that the second network device is the single downlink cell includes:
and the first network equipment determines that the second network equipment is the single downlink cell according to the response message.
5. A network device, characterized in that the network device comprises:
a receiving module, configured to receive a cell identifier list reported by a terminal device, where the cell identifier list includes an identifier of a second network device;
a processing module, configured to determine that the second network device is a single downlink cell;
the processing module is further configured to filter out the identifier of the second network device from the cell identifier list in a handover scenario.
6. The network device of claim 5,
the receiving module is further configured to receive a target message from the second network device, where the target message includes an identifier of the second network device, and the target message is used to indicate that the second network device is the single downlink cell;
the processing module is further configured to store the identifier of the second network device locally according to the target message;
the processing module is further configured to determine that the second network device is a single downlink cell according to the locally stored identifier of the second network device.
7. The network device of claim 5,
the processing module is further configured to determine a PCI value of the second network device according to a correspondence between the identifier of the second network device, a preset cell identifier, and a physical layer cell identification PCI range;
the processing module is further configured to determine that the second network device is a single downlink cell when the PCI value of the second network device is within a preset single downlink cell range.
8. The network device of claim 5, wherein the network device further comprises:
a sending module, configured to send a request message to a third network device, where the request message includes an identifier of the second network device;
the receiving module is further configured to receive a response message from a third network device, where the response message is used to indicate that the second network device is the single downlink cell;
the processing module is further configured to determine that the second network device is the single downlink cell according to the response message.
9. A network device comprising a processor coupled to a memory, the memory for storing a computer program or instructions, the processor for executing the computer program or instructions in the memory such that the method of any of claims 1 to 4 is performed.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program or instructions are stored, which, when executed, cause the method of any one of claims 1 to 4 to be performed.
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