CN112886280A - Antenna system and communication equipment - Google Patents
Antenna system and communication equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN112886280A CN112886280A CN201911207318.6A CN201911207318A CN112886280A CN 112886280 A CN112886280 A CN 112886280A CN 201911207318 A CN201911207318 A CN 201911207318A CN 112886280 A CN112886280 A CN 112886280A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides an antenna system and communications facilities, this antenna system is applied to in communications facilities such as base station and CPE, with the radio frequency transceiver signal connection among the communications facilities to make communications facilities can carry out wireless communication with external equipment, this antenna system includes: the antenna system comprises an antenna array with a plurality of antenna units and a plurality of phase correction units, wherein the phase correction units correspond to the antenna units one by one, and each phase correction unit is arranged opposite to one corresponding antenna unit, so that each phase correction unit can correct the phase of one corresponding antenna unit to a set phase, the mutual crosstalk among the antenna units is reduced, correspondingly, the spatial correlation among the antenna units is reduced, and the performance of the antenna system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an antenna system and a communication device.
Background
Theoretically, in an antenna array (e.g. a Massive MIMO antenna array), the more antennas are equipped in a signal transceiving system, the higher the degree of freedom of a transmission channel is, and the better the capacity and link reliability is, however, the aperture of the antenna array is limited. For this reason, the arrangement density of the antennas is gradually increased within a limited antenna mounting area. However, as the density of antenna arrangements increases, the spatial correlation between antennas in the antenna array increases, affecting the performance of the antenna array.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an antenna system and communication equipment, which are used for reducing the spatial correlation among antenna units in the antenna system and improving the performance of the antenna system.
In a first aspect, an antenna system is provided, which is applied in a communication device such as a base station and a CPE (customer premises equipment) and is in signal connection with a radio frequency transceiver in the communication device to enable the communication device to perform wireless communication with an external device, and includes: the antenna system comprises an antenna array with a plurality of antenna units and a plurality of Phase Correction Elements (PCE), wherein the plurality of Phase Correction elements correspond to the plurality of antenna units one by one, and each Phase Correction Element is arranged opposite to one corresponding antenna unit, so that each Phase Correction Element can correct the Phase of one corresponding antenna unit to a set Phase, the mutual crosstalk among the antenna units is reduced, correspondingly, the spatial correlation among the antenna units is reduced, and the performance of the antenna system is improved.
In a specific setting, the function of each phase correction unit is determined according to the set phase of the antenna unit corresponding to the phase correction unit, for example, the plurality of phase correction units include a first phase correction unit and a second phase correction unit;
each first phase correction unit is used for adjusting the phase lag of the electromagnetic wave radiated by one antenna unit to the set phase corresponding to the antenna unit, wherein the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna unit is advanced relative to the set phase corresponding to the antenna unit;
each second phase correction unit is used for adjusting the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated by one antenna unit to be ahead of the set phase corresponding to the antenna unit, wherein the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna unit lags behind the set phase corresponding to the antenna unit.
In a specific embodiment, the set phase corresponding to each antenna unit is a phase of an electromagnetic wave radiated by each adjacent two antenna units in the plurality of antenna units when a distance between centers of the two antenna units is greater than or equal to 0.45 λ, where λ is a wavelength of a free space corresponding to an operating frequency of the antenna unit; otherwise, when the distance is less than 0.45 λ, the spatial correlation between the antenna elements 200 is not significantly improved, and the usage requirement is not satisfied.
In a specific embodiment, in at least two adjacent phase correction units, the vertical distance between one phase correction unit and the corresponding antenna unit is greater than the vertical distance between the other phase correction unit and the corresponding antenna unit, so as to avoid mutual interference of electromagnetic waves radiated by the two phase correction units.
In another specific embodiment, a part of the phase correction units and another part of the phase correction units in each row of the phase correction units are symmetrical with respect to a reference plane, wherein the reference plane is a perpendicular plane to a connecting line of centers of the antenna units located at two ends in each row of the antenna units, and thus, a directional pattern of the antenna system is in a symmetrical shape.
In each group of antenna unit and phase correction unit corresponding to each other, the vertical distance between the phase correction unit and the antenna unit should satisfy a certain condition, for example, in a specific embodiment, the vertical distance is in a range between 0.25 λ and 0.4 λ, where λ is the wavelength of free space corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna unit. To avoid a reduction of the gain of the antenna system and the shading of the different phase correction units from each other.
When the position of the phase correction unit is specifically set, it should be considered that the distance between the centers of every two adjacent phase correction units satisfies a certain requirement, for example, in a specific embodiment, the distance is 1 to 2 times the distance between the centers of two antenna units corresponding to the two adjacent phase correction units one by one, otherwise, the action position of the phase correction unit is misaligned with the main radiation area of the antenna unit corresponding to the phase correction unit, and the phase correction unit cannot perform the due phase correction action.
In another specific embodiment, in the antenna system, when the main radiation area of the antenna unit deviates due to being pressed, the position of the phase correction unit needs to be changed along with the main radiation area of the antenna unit so that the phase correction unit can act on most of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna unit.
The phase correction unit may be in various forms as long as the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the corresponding antenna unit can be corrected to a set phase as required, and in a specific embodiment, each phase correction unit includes a plurality of conductive sheets which are sequentially spaced and oppositely arranged; in each set of the antenna element and the phase correction element corresponding to each other, each conductive sheet is parallel to the radiation plane of the corresponding antenna element.
In another specific embodiment, the plurality of antenna units are dual-polarized antennas, and each conductive sheet comprises two conductive parts which are orthogonally arranged; in each group of antenna unit and phase correcting unit corresponding to each other, the extending directions of the two conductive parts are parallel to the two polarization directions of the antenna unit in a one-to-one correspondence manner, so as to reduce the influence of the phase correcting unit on the included angle between the two polarization directions of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna unit.
In order to further adjust the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated by each antenna unit, each phase correction unit further comprises a plurality of conducting rings corresponding to the conducting strips in number one by one, each conducting ring is arranged around one conducting strip, and the width of the conducting strip is adjusted according to the set phase, so that the phase correction value of the phase correction unit is adjusted.
In another specific embodiment, the antenna system further includes a dielectric substrate disposed between every two adjacent conductive sheets to support the conductive sheets and change the phase correction value of the phase correction unit.
In a second aspect, a communication device is provided, which may be a base station and a CPE (customer premises equipment), and includes a radio frequency transceiver and an antenna system according to the above technical solution, wherein the radio frequency transceiver is in signal connection with an antenna unit in the antenna system to enable the communication device to perform wireless communication with an external device. In the communication device, each phase correction unit corrects the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the corresponding antenna unit to a set phase, and reduces mutual crosstalk between the antenna units, thereby reducing spatial correlation between the antenna units.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of an antenna array in an exemplary antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the first row of antenna elements in fig. 1 arranged with corresponding phase correction elements;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure of the phase correction unit 300a in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the phase correction unit 300a of FIG. 2;
fig. 5 is a top view of a reference antenna array corresponding to the antenna array of fig. 1;
fig. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a phase correction unit 300a in an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a simulation diagram of the variation of the transmittance and the phase correction value of the phase correction unit 300a with the parameter l in the antenna system according to the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8a is a phase pattern of a dipole antenna with a feed port1 in antenna unit 200a when phase correction unit 300a is not configured;
fig. 8b is a phase diagram of a dipole antenna in which a feed port in the antenna unit 200a is port1 after the phase correction unit 300a is configured in the antenna system according to the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8c is a phase pattern of a dipole antenna with a feed port1 'in antenna element 200 a' of fig. 5;
fig. 8d is a phase pattern of a dipole antenna with a feed port3 in antenna unit 200b when phase correction unit 300b is not configured;
fig. 8e is a phase diagram of a dipole antenna in which a feed port in the antenna unit 200b is port3 after the phase correction unit 300b is configured in the antenna system according to the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8f is a phase pattern of a dipole antenna with a feed port3 'in antenna element 200 b' of fig. 5;
fig. 9a is a schematic diagram illustrating a spatial correlation coefficient between dipole antennas in different antenna units in an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application along an X direction as a function of an expansion angle;
fig. 9b is a schematic diagram illustrating a variation of spatial correlation coefficients between dipole antennas in different antenna units along the Y direction with an expansion angle in the antenna system according to the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a simulation diagram of a variation rule of shannon capacity and degree of freedom of the antenna system according to the embodiment of the present application along with an extension angle.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
For convenience of understanding of the antenna system provided in the embodiment of the present application, an application scenario of the antenna system is first described, and the antenna system provided in the embodiment of the present application is applied to a communication device such as a base station, and is in signal connection with a radio frequency transceiver in the communication device such as the base station to perform wireless communication with an external device. In order to improve the communication performance of the communication device, more antennas are arranged in a limited antenna installation surface, but the distance between every two adjacent antennas is shortened, so that the spatial correlation between the antennas is increased, and the performance of the antenna array is influenced. Therefore, the embodiment of the application provides an antenna system.
Therefore, the antenna system is provided to solve the technical problem of high spatial correlation between antenna units due to the close distance between the centers of the antenna units in the antenna array.
The antenna system provided by the embodiment of the application comprises an antenna array and a plurality of Phase Correction Elements (PCEs), wherein the antenna array comprises a plurality of antenna elements distributed in an array, and the plurality of Phase Correction elements correspond to the plurality of antenna elements one to one; fig. 1 shows a top view of an antenna array in an exemplary antenna system provided in an embodiment of the present application, please refer to fig. 1, where the antenna array (e.g., a Massive MIMO antenna array) in fig. 1 includes an antenna installation surface 100 and a plurality of antenna units 200 arrayed on the antenna installation surface 100, where, for example, 3 rows × 4 columns of 12 antenna units 200 (only exemplarily, other numbers and array arrangements may be used) are arrayed on the antenna installation surface 100, for example, the first row of antenna units 200 includes an antenna unit 200a, an antenna unit 200b, an antenna unit 200c, and an antenna unit 200d in sequence along a positive direction of a Y axis. The plurality of phase correction units in the antenna system are arranged opposite to the plurality of antenna units 200 in fig. 1 one by one; for detailed description, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the first row of antenna units 200 in fig. 1 and corresponding phase correction units when they are arranged in cooperation, please refer to fig. 2, taking the first row of antenna units 200 in fig. 1 (i.e., the antenna units 200a, 200b, 200c, and 200d) as an example, the phase correction unit 300a is arranged in the positive direction of the Z axis of the antenna unit 200a and is arranged opposite to the antenna unit 200a, and similarly, the phase correction unit 300b is arranged opposite to the antenna unit 200b, the phase correction unit 300c is arranged opposite to the antenna unit 200c, and the phase correction unit 300d is arranged opposite to the antenna unit 200 d.
Wherein fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a schematic structural diagram of the phase correction unit 300a in fig. 2, fig. 4 is a top view of the phase correction unit 300a in fig. 2, and with reference to fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, the phase correction unit 300a includes 4 layers of dielectric substrates 310a (for example, each layer of dielectric substrate 310a has a relative dielectric constant of 6 and a loss tangent of 0.007, which can be adjusted as required), a metal patch 320a (made of copper, silver or gold, except for a conductive sheet in the form of the metal patch 320, or a conductive sheet made of other non-metal conductive material such as graphene or the like) is attached to a middle portion of a surface of each layer of dielectric substrate 310a in the positive direction of the Z axis, each two metal patches 320a are spaced and arranged oppositely, any two adjacent metal patches 320a are isolated by one dielectric substrate 310 therebetween, each metal patch 320a is exemplarily parallel to the radiation surface of the corresponding antenna unit 310 (the "parallel" may mean absolute parallel, or a nearly parallel state, such as an included angle greater than 0 ° and less than or equal to 25 °, which may be specifically adjusted as needed); wherein each metal patch 320a includes two conductive portions orthogonally disposed, for example, refer to conductive portion 321a and conductive portion 322a in fig. 4, conductive portion 321a extends along the X-axis direction, conductive portion 322a extends along the Y-axis direction, the middle portions of conductive portions 321a and conductive portions 322a overlap to form a cross-shaped metal patch 320a, antenna unit 200a is a dual-polarized antenna, the extending direction of conductive portion 321a is parallel to one polarization direction of antenna unit 200a, the extending direction of conductive portion 322a is parallel to the other polarization direction of antenna unit 200a, and phase correction unit 300a is disposed at a position such that electromagnetic waves in one polarization direction radiated from antenna unit 200a mainly pass through conductive portion 321a, electromagnetic waves in the other polarization direction mainly pass through conductive portion 322a, the cross-shaped structure of the metal patch 320a can ensure that an included angle between two polarization directions of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna unit 200a after passing through the phase correction unit 300a (note that, the two polarization directions are two polarization directions of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna unit 200a exciting an induced current on the metal patch 320a, and the induced current re-radiates the electromagnetic wave) does not change greatly.
In addition, with reference to fig. 4, a sheet-shaped metal ring 330a may be disposed around each metal patch 320a (for example, copper, silver or gold, the material of the metal patch 320a may be the same as that of the metal ring 330a, so that a layer of metal sheet structure may be formed by using the same metal material, and then the excess portion of the metal sheet structure is removed by etching or the like to form the metal patch 320a and the metal ring 330a, or a structure made of a non-metal conductive material such as graphene may be adopted, as long as the structure is a conductive ring, and the structure may not be a sheet), and the metal ring 330a is also attached to the surface of the corresponding dielectric substrate 310 a.
The phase correction unit 300a may adjust the phase of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the antenna unit 200a, and specifically, may correct the electromagnetic wave emitted from the antenna unit 200a to the phase correction unit 300a to a set phase corresponding to the antenna unit 200 a; accordingly, each antenna unit 200 (e.g., the antenna unit 200b in fig. 2) in the antenna system corrects the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna unit 200 (e.g., the antenna unit 200b in fig. 2) to the corresponding set phase of the antenna unit 200 (e.g., the antenna unit 200b in fig. 2) by the corresponding phase correction unit (e.g., the phase correction unit 300b in fig. 2). The term "setting phase" corresponding to each antenna unit 200 means: when the electromagnetic wave radiated by each antenna unit 200 is corrected to the corresponding set phase of the antenna unit 200, the electromagnetic wave radiated by each antenna unit 200 excites an induced current in the corresponding phase correction unit, the phase correction unit radiates the electromagnetic wave again, the mutual crosstalk between the electromagnetic waves radiated by the phase correction units corresponding to two different antenna units 200 (such as two adjacent antenna units 200) is reduced, and the spatial correlation between the two antenna units 200 is reduced.
Reference is made to the following formula:
where ρ ismpRepresenting the spatial correlation coefficient between antenna m and antenna p,
representing the electricity of the antenna mAs a function of the magnetic field pattern,
represents the electromagnetic field pattern function of the antenna p, theta represents the tilt angle, phi represents the azimuth angle, and omega represents the solid angle; it can be seen that the phase of two antenna elements 200 is one of the determinants of the spatial correlation between the two antenna elements 200; therefore, the spatial correlation between the antenna elements 200 can be reduced by correcting the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna elements 200 to a set phase.
Fig. 5 shows a top view of a reference antenna array corresponding to the antenna array in fig. 1, and the meaning of "set phase" described above is explained in more detail below in connection with fig. 5:
the antenna array in fig. 5 includes an antenna installation surface 100 'and 12 antenna units 200' distributed on the antenna installation surface 100 ', the 12 antenna units 200' are also arranged in 3 rows × 4 columns, for example, each antenna unit 200 'in the first row of antenna units 200' sequentially includes an antenna unit 200a ', an antenna unit 200 b', an antenna unit 200c ', and an antenna unit 200 d' along the positive direction of the Y axis, and each antenna unit 200 'in the 12 antenna units 200' in fig. 5 corresponds to the antenna unit 200 at the corresponding position in fig. 1, for example, the antenna unit 200 'in the mth row and the nth column in fig. 5 corresponds to the antenna unit 200 in the mth row and the nth column in fig. 1, where m and n are positive integers, more specifically, the antenna unit 200a corresponds to the antenna unit 200 a', the antenna unit 200b corresponds to the antenna unit 200b ', and the antenna unit 200 c' corresponds to each other, the antenna unit 200d corresponds to the antenna unit 200 d; each antenna element 200 ' in fig. 5 has the same structure as the corresponding antenna element 200 in fig. 1, and the only difference between the antenna array in fig. 5 and the antenna array in fig. 1 is that a distance D1 between centers of every two adjacent antenna elements 200 in fig. 1 is smaller than a distance D2 between centers of two antenna elements 200 ' in fig. 5 corresponding to the two antenna elements 200 one by one, for example, a distance D1 between centers of an antenna element 200a and an antenna element 200b in fig. 1 is smaller than a distance D2 between centers of an antenna element 200a ' and an antenna element 200b ', for example, D1 is 0.3 λ and D2 is 0.5 λ, where λ is a wavelength of a free space corresponding to an operating frequency of the antenna element 200 and the antenna element 200 '.
The corresponding set phase of each antenna element 200 in fig. 1 is equal to or close to the phase of the antenna element 200 ' corresponding to that antenna element 200 in fig. 5, e.g., the corresponding set phase of the antenna element 200a is equal to or close to the phase of the antenna element 200a ', and the corresponding set phase of the antenna element 200b is equal to or close to the phase of the antenna element 200b '; it should be noted that when the set phase corresponding to the antenna unit 200 is close to the phase of the antenna unit 200 'corresponding to the antenna unit 200, the absolute value of the difference between the set phase corresponding to the antenna unit 200 and the phase of the antenna unit 200' corresponding to the antenna unit 200 is less than or equal to 30 °, for example, the difference is 0 °, 5 °, 10 °, 15 °, 20 °, 25 °, or 30 °.
Therefore, the set phase corresponding to each antenna element 200 (e.g., antenna element 200a) can also be expressed as: the phase value of the electromagnetic wave radiated by each adjacent two antenna units 200 (e.g., antenna unit 200a) in the antenna array of fig. 1 is adjusted to a distance D3 when the distance D1 between the centers of the two antenna units 200 is adjusted to a distance D3, where the distance D3 is greater than the distance D1, for example, the distance D3 is equal to the distance D2 in fig. 5. Wherein D3 may be greater than or equal to 0.45 λ, such as 0.45 λ, 0.48 λ, 0.50 λ, 0.52 λ, 0.55 λ, or 0.60 λ, where λ is the free-space wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of antenna element 200; when D3 is less than 0.45 λ, the spatial correlation between antenna elements 200 is not significantly improved and does not meet the usage requirements.
As is known, when the antenna unit 200 in fig. 1 is not provided with a corresponding phase correction unit, since the distance D2 in fig. 5 is greater than the distance D1 in fig. 1, the spatial correlation between the antenna unit 200 ' in fig. 5 is smaller than the spatial correlation between the corresponding antenna unit 200 in fig. 1, such as the spatial correlation between the antenna unit 200a ' and the antenna unit 200b ' in fig. 5 is lower than the spatial correlation between the antenna unit 200a and the antenna unit 200b in fig. 1. When each antenna unit 200 in the antenna system provided in the embodiment of the present application corrects the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna unit 200 to the set phase corresponding to the antenna unit 200 by the corresponding phase correction unit, the spatial correlation between each two antenna units 200 is equivalent or nearly equivalent to the spatial correlation between two antenna units 200 ' corresponding to the two antenna units 200 in fig. 5, for example, the spatial correlation between the antenna unit 200a and the antenna unit 200b is equivalent or nearly equivalent to the spatial correlation between the antenna unit 200a ' and the antenna unit 200b ' in fig. 5. Therefore, the antenna system provided by the embodiment of the present application can ensure that the antenna units 200 are arranged at a higher density on the premise of keeping the lower spatial correlation between the antenna units 200, thereby improving the performance of the antenna system.
In specifically setting the position of each phase correction unit, the following factors need to be considered:
illustratively, in each group of the antenna unit 200 and the phase correction unit corresponding to each other, the vertical distance between the phase correction unit and the antenna unit 200 is in a range between 0.25 λ and 0.4 λ, for example, 0.25 λ, 0.27 λ, 0.3 λ, 0.35 λ, 0.38 λ or 0.4 λ, where λ is the wavelength of the free space corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna unit 200; referring to fig. 2, for example, an antenna unit 200a and a phase correction unit 300a are taken as an example, when the bottom surface of the phase correcting element 300a (in fig. 2, the side surface in the negative Z-axis direction of the dielectric substrate 310a close to the antenna element 200a) is parallel to the plane of the radiation surface of the antenna element 200a, the vertical distance between the phase correcting element 300a and the antenna element 200a represents the distance h1 between the plane of the bottom surface of the phase correcting element 300a and the plane of the radiation surface of the antenna element 200a, alternatively, when the bottom surface of the phase correcting element 300a is slightly inclined with respect to the plane of the radiation surface of the antenna element 200a, the vertical distance is a distance from the lowest point of the bottom surface of the phase correction unit 300a (the point closest to the plane on which the radiation surface of the antenna unit 200a is located) to the plane on which the radiation surface of the antenna unit 200a is located. When the value of h1 is less than 0.25 λ, a reflected wave of the electromagnetic wave directly radiated by the antenna unit 200a after being reflected by the reflection layer on the antenna mounting surface 100 and the electromagnetic wave directly radiated by the antenna unit 200a are not easily overlapped in the same direction at the phase correction unit 300a, which results in a decrease in gain of the antenna system, and when the value of h1 is greater than 0.4 λ, the transverse cross section (a plane perpendicular to the Z axis) is large when the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna unit 200a reaches the height of h1, and it is necessary to amplify the transverse dimension of the phase correction unit 300a (particularly the dimension of the metal patch 320 a) to enable the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna unit 200a to pass through the phase correction unit 300a, which may cause the different phase correction units to be shielded from each other in the Z axis direction, thereby affecting the phase correction effect of the phase correction unit on the corresponding antenna unit 200.
The vertical distance between the phase correction unit and the corresponding antenna unit 200 can be specifically adjusted according to the phase correction value required by each antenna unit 200; taking the antenna unit 200a and the phase correction unit 300a as an example, when the value of the vertical distance h1 changes, the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna unit 200a to the phase correction unit 300a (which can be understood as the angle between the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave and the bottom surface of the phase correction unit 300a) changes, and the phase correction value of the phase correction unit 300a changes, so that the phase correction value of the phase correction unit 300a can be adjusted by adjusting the vertical distance h1 to correct the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna unit 200a to the set phase. For example, as shown in fig. 2, in some cases, the value of the vertical distance h2 between the phase correction unit 300b and the radiation surface of the antenna unit 200b is greater than the value of the vertical distance h1, and the value of h2 is greater than the value of h1, which can also prevent the electromagnetic wave secondarily radiated by the phase correction unit 300b and the electromagnetic wave secondarily radiated by the phase correction unit 300a from interfering with each other.
With continued reference to fig. 2, illustratively, the phase correction unit 300a and the phase correction unit 300d are symmetrical with respect to a reference plane (a perpendicular plane to the line connecting the center a of the antenna unit 200a and the center G of the antenna unit 200d), and the phase correction unit 300b and the phase correction unit 300c are also symmetrical with respect to the above-mentioned reference plane; the phase correction units in other rows in the antenna system may also be arranged in a manner of referring to the symmetrical arrangement of the phase correction units in one row in fig. 2, that is, a part of the phase correction units and another part of the phase correction units in each row are symmetrical with respect to a reference plane, where the reference plane is a perpendicular plane of a connecting line of centers of the antenna units located at two ends in each row of the antenna units, so that the directional diagram of the antenna system is in a symmetrical shape.
For example, as shown in fig. 2, in some cases, the orthographic projection B' of the center B of the phase correction unit 300a on the antenna installation surface 100 and the orthographic projection B of the center a of the antenna unit 200a on the antenna installation surface 100 do not overlap, because the electromagnetic waves radiated by the plurality of antenna units 200 of the antenna array in the antenna system are pressed against each other, which causes the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna unit 200a to deviate in the X direction and the Y direction with respect to the antenna unit 200a, and therefore, it is necessary to adjust the lateral position of the phase correction unit 300a along with the main radiation area of the antenna unit 200a, so that the phase correction unit 300a is placed in the main radiation area of the antenna unit 200a, and one or more corresponding sets of phase correction units and antenna units may have similar settings.
In setting the position between each phase correction unit, the distance between the centers of two adjacent phase correction units (e.g., the distance between the center B of the phase correction unit 300a and the center D of the phase correction unit 300B) should also be considered, such as making the distance 1 to 2 times, specifically 1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, 1.8, or 2 times, the distance between the centers of two antenna units corresponding one-to-one to the adjacent two phase correction units; otherwise, the action position of the phase correction unit is dislocated from the main radiation area of the antenna unit 200 corresponding to the phase correction unit, and the phase correction unit cannot perform the due phase correction function; as a more specific example, when the distance between the centers of two antenna units 200 is 0.3 λ, the distance between the centers of two phase correction units corresponding one-to-one to the two antenna units 200 may be 0.3 λ, where λ is the wavelength of free space corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna unit 200.
The following illustrates how the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna unit 200a is corrected by the parameters in the phase correction unit 300 a. Referring to fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, the phase correction unit 300a satisfies the following conditions: each layer of dielectric substrate 310a is square with the side length p; the dimension in the extending direction (i.e., X-axis direction) of the conductive portion 321a is equal to the dimension in the extending direction (i.e., Y-axis direction) of the conductive portion 322a, and the dimensions are both characterized by l; accordingly, the dimension of the conductive portion 321a perpendicular to the extending direction (i.e., X-axis direction) and the dimension of the conductive portion 322a perpendicular to the extending direction (i.e., Y-axis direction) are equal and are both characterized by w; a dimension of the metal ring 330 perpendicular to the extending direction of the metal ring 300 (i.e., the width of the metal ring 330) is represented by t, and an equivalent circuit of the phase correction unit 300a can refer to fig. 6; in the antenna system provided in the embodiment of the present application, the structures of other phase correction units are all set with reference to the phase correction unit 300a, and the structures of other antenna units 200 are all set with reference to the antenna unit 200a, for example, all the antenna units 200 may be dual-polarized antennas; taking the antenna unit 200a and the phase correction unit 300a as an example, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna unit 200a is 2.6GHz, w is l/2, t is 0.3mm, p is 28mm, fig. 7 is a simulation diagram of the change of the transmittance and the phase correction value of the phase correction unit 300a with the parameter l, in fig. 7, the abscissa represents the value of the parameter l in the phase correction unit, and the unit is mm, and the curve magnitude represents the change rule of the transmittance (refer to the left ordinate axis in fig. 7) of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the phase correction unit 300a to the antenna unit 200a with the parameter l, wherein when the parameter l is between 22.6mm and 24mm, the transmittance is above 0.7, which indicates that the phase correction unit 300a has better transmission characteristics for the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna unit 200 a; a curve phase represents a change law of a phase correction value (in units of °) of the phase correction unit 300a to the antenna unit 200a with respect to the parameter l, and when the parameter l is between 22.6mm and 23.6mm, the phase correction value is a positive number, the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna unit 200a after passing through the phase correction unit 300a is advanced with respect to the phase before passing through the phase correction unit 300a, and correspondingly, when the parameter l is between 23.6mm and 24mm, the phase correction value is a negative number, and the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna unit 200a after passing through the phase correction unit 300a is retarded with respect to the phase before passing through the phase correction unit 300 a; the value of the parameter l in the phase correction unit 300a is adjusted according to the difference between the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna unit 200a and the set phase corresponding to the antenna unit 200a when the phase correction unit is not disposed in each antenna unit 200 in the antenna array in fig. 1, so that the phase correction unit 300a can correct the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna unit 200a to the set phase corresponding to the antenna unit 200a, for example, when the phase correction unit is not disposed in each antenna unit 200, the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna unit 200a is advanced with respect to the set phase corresponding to the antenna unit 200a, the parameter l is adjusted so that the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna unit 200a is delayed, and when the phase correction unit is not disposed in each antenna unit 200, the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna unit 200a is delayed with respect to the set phase corresponding to the antenna unit 200a, adjusting the parameter l to lead the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna unit 200 a; in the antenna system provided in the embodiment of the present application, in each group of the antenna unit 200 and the phase correction unit corresponding to each other, the value of the parameter l in the phase correction unit corresponding to the antenna unit 200 is adjusted according to the difference between the phase of the antenna unit 200 and the set phase of the antenna unit, so that the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated by each antenna unit 200 after passing through the corresponding phase correction unit is adjusted to the set phase corresponding to the antenna unit 200, for example, if the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated by a part of the antenna units 200 lags behind the set phase corresponding to the antenna units 200, a phase correction unit (referred to as a first phase correction unit) capable of advancing the phase of the electromagnetic wave is configured for the part of the antenna units 200, and the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated by another part of the antenna units 200 is advanced with respect to the set phase corresponding to the antenna units 200, the portion of the antenna element 200 is provided with a phase correction element (referred to as a second phase correction element) capable of delaying the phase of the electromagnetic wave.
The following description will explain the improvement of the antenna system performance in the above embodiment by using the simulation result. In fig. 2, the feed ports of the two dipole antennas included in the antenna unit 200a are sequentially denoted as port1 and port2, the feed ports of the two dipole antennas included in the antenna unit 200b are sequentially denoted as port3 and port4, the feed ports of the two dipole antennas included in the antenna unit 200c are sequentially denoted as port5 and port6, and the feed ports of the two dipole antennas included in the antenna unit 200d are sequentially denoted as port7 and port 8. Accordingly, in fig. 5, the feed ports of the two dipole antennas included in the antenna unit 200a 'are sequentially denoted as port 1' and port2 ', the feed ports of the two dipole antennas included in the antenna unit 200 b' are sequentially denoted as port3 'and port 4', the feed ports of the two dipole antennas included in the antenna unit 200c 'are sequentially denoted as port 5' and port6 ', and the feed ports of the two dipole antennas included in the antenna unit 200 d' are sequentially denoted as port7 'and port 8'.
Fig. 8a shows a phase pattern of a dipole antenna with a port1 as a feed port in antenna unit 200a when phase correction unit 300a is not configured, and fig. 8b shows a phase pattern of a dipole antenna with a port1 as a feed port in antenna unit 200a when phase correction unit 300a is configured, wherein the phase pattern is observed at a reference plane 0.25 λ from a radiation plane of antenna unit 200a, and λ is a wavelength of free space corresponding to an operating frequency of antenna unit 200 a; as can be seen from fig. 8a, when the phase correction unit 300a is not configured, the phase pattern of the dipole antenna with the port feed port1 in the antenna unit 200a has distortion, while as can be seen from fig. 8b, after the phase correction unit 300a is configured, the phase pattern of the dipole antenna with the port feed port1 in the antenna unit 200a has improved distortion, and is closer to the phase pattern of the dipole antenna with the port feed port1 'in the antenna unit 200 a' in fig. 5 (see fig. 8 c).
Similarly, fig. 8d shows the phase pattern of the dipole antenna with port3 as the feeding port in the antenna unit 200b when the phase correction unit 300b is not configured, and fig. 8e shows the phase pattern of the dipole antenna with port3 as the feeding port in the antenna unit 200b after the phase correction unit 300b is configured, wherein the phase patterns are all observed at a reference plane 0.25 λ away from the radiation plane of the antenna unit 200b, and λ is the wavelength of free space corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna unit 200 b; as can be seen from fig. 8d, when the phase correction unit 300b is not configured, the phase pattern of the dipole antenna with port3 as the feeding port in the antenna unit 200b has significant distortion, and the phase is partially compressed, while as can be seen from fig. 8e, after the phase correction unit 300d is configured, the phase pattern distortion of the dipole antenna with port3 as the feeding port in the antenna unit 200b is improved, and is closer to the phase pattern of the dipole antenna with port3 'as the feeding port in the antenna unit 200 b' in fig. 5 (see fig. 8 f).
Fig. 9a shows a schematic diagram of the spatial correlation coefficient between the dipole antennas in different antenna units 200 along the X direction as a function of the spreading angle, and fig. 9b shows a schematic diagram of the spatial correlation coefficient between the dipole antennas in different antenna units 200 along the Y direction as a function of the spreading angle; in fig. 9a and 9b, the abscissa represents the spreading angle in degrees, the ordinate represents the spatial correlation coefficient, the curve ρ mn (where m and n are positive integers) represents the variation curve of the spatial correlation coefficient between the dipole antenna with port m and the dipole antenna with port n along with the spreading angle, for the solid line curve and the dashed line curve marked with the same graph, the solid line curve represents the variation rule of the spatial correlation coefficient between the dipole antennas in the two antenna units 200 along with the spreading angle after the phase correction unit is configured, and the dashed line curve represents the variation rule of the spatial correlation coefficient between the dipole antennas in the two antenna units 200 along with the spreading angle when the phase correction unit is not configured; referring to fig. 9a, for a dipole antenna in the same pair of antenna elements 200 at the same spreading angle, the spatial correlation coefficient is reduced after the phase correction element is configured compared to when the phase correction element is not configured, such as at the same spreading angle, the value corresponding to the solid line curve ρ 35 is smaller than the value corresponding to the dashed line curve ρ 35; a similar conclusion can be drawn with reference to fig. 9 b. And a decrease in the spatial correlation coefficient between the dipole antennas in two different antenna elements 200 may determine a decrease in the spatial correlation coefficient between the two antenna elements 200.
Fig. 10 is a simulation diagram showing the variation law of shannon capacity and degree of freedom of an antenna system with an expansion angle, respectively, wherein the simulation diagram is obtained under the rayleigh fading channel condition; in fig. 10, the abscissa represents the extension angle in units, the right ordinate axis represents the shannon capacity in units of bit/s, and the left ordinate axis represents the degree of freedom; a curve capacity w/o PCE represents a change law of shannon capacity along with an extension angle when the antenna system provided by the embodiment of the present application is not configured with the phase correction unit therein, the curve capacity w PCE represents a change law of shannon capacity along with an extension angle when the antenna system provided by the embodiment of the present application is configured with the phase correction unit therein, a dashed curve reference represents a change law of shannon capacity along with an extension angle of the reference antenna array in fig. 5, and the curve capacity w PCE is closer to the dashed curve reference than the curve capacity w/o PCE, which indicates that the antenna system provided by the embodiment of the present application is configured with the phase correction unit, and thus the shannon capacity is effectively improved; a curve diversity w/o PCE represents a change law of a degree of freedom along with an extension angle when the antenna system provided by the embodiment of the present application is not configured with the phase correction unit therein, the curve diversity w PCE represents a change law of a degree of freedom along with an extension angle when the antenna system provided by the embodiment of the present application is configured with the phase correction unit therein, a solid curve reference represents a change law of a degree of freedom along with an extension angle of the reference antenna array in fig. 5, and the curve diversity w PCE is closer to the solid curve reference than the curve diversity w/o PCE, which indicates that the antenna system provided by the embodiment of the present application is configured with the phase correction unit and then effectively improves the degree of freedom; in summary, the performance of the antenna system is improved after the phase correction unit is configured.
It should be noted that, in the above, the phase correction value of the phase correction unit to the corresponding antenna unit 200 is changed by changing the value of the parameter l in the phase correction unit, and the phase correction value may also be changed by changing the parameter w, the parameter p, and the parameter t, which is not described herein again. Moreover, according to the requirement for the phase correction value, the shape of the dielectric substrate is not necessarily square, but may also be circular, parallelogram or other shapes, and even the dielectric substrate in the phase correction unit may not be provided, taking the phase correction unit 300a as an example, the dielectric substrate 310a may not be provided; in addition, according to the correction value of each phase correction unit, the metal ring around the metal patch may not be provided, and the metal ring 330a may not be provided, taking the phase correction unit 300a as an example.
The antenna unit 200 may not be a dual-polarized antenna, but may be a single-polarized antenna such as a dipole antenna or a circularly polarized antenna, and accordingly, the metal patch 320a may be configured in a non-cross shape such as a rectangle or a circle. In addition, the phase correction unit in the antenna system may adopt other structures having a function of correcting the phase of the electromagnetic wave (e.g., advancing or retarding the electromagnetic wave), which may be known phase correction functional components commonly used in the art, in addition to the structure similar to the phase correction unit 300a in fig. 3.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, which may be a base station or a CPE (customer premise equipment), and the communication device includes a radio frequency transceiver, and the above-mentioned embodiment provides an antenna system, and the radio frequency transceiver is in signal connection with an antenna unit in the antenna system and transmits or receives electromagnetic wave signals through the antenna unit to communicate with other communication devices. Referring to fig. 2, the communication device improves the spatial correlation between the antenna units 200 in the antenna system by disposing a phase correction unit (e.g., phase correction unit 300a) at a position opposite to each antenna unit 200 (e.g., antenna unit 200a) to correct the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna unit 200 to a set phase corresponding to the antenna unit 200, thereby improving the performance of the antenna system and enhancing the communication capability of the communication device with the outside.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (13)
1. An antenna system, comprising:
a plurality of antenna units distributed in an array;
a plurality of phase correction units corresponding to the plurality of antenna units one to one, each phase correction unit being disposed opposite to the corresponding antenna unit;
each phase correction unit is used for correcting the phase of the corresponding antenna unit to a set phase.
2. The antenna system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of phase correction units comprises a first phase correction unit and a second phase correction unit;
each first phase correction unit is used for adjusting the phase lag of the electromagnetic wave radiated by one antenna unit to the set phase corresponding to the antenna unit, wherein the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna unit is advanced relative to the set phase corresponding to the antenna unit;
each second phase correction unit is used for adjusting the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated by one antenna unit to be ahead of the set phase corresponding to the antenna unit, wherein the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna unit lags behind the set phase corresponding to the antenna unit.
3. The antenna system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the set phase corresponding to each antenna unit is a phase of an electromagnetic wave radiated from each adjacent two antenna units in the plurality of antenna units when a distance between centers of the two antenna units is greater than or equal to 0.45 λ, where λ is a wavelength of a free space corresponding to an operating frequency of the antenna unit.
4. The antenna system according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the vertical distance between one of the phase correction elements and the corresponding antenna element is larger than the vertical distance between the other phase correction element and the corresponding antenna element in at least two adjacent phase correction elements.
5. The antenna system of claim 4, wherein a portion of the phase correction units in each row of phase correction units are symmetrical to another portion of the phase correction units with respect to a reference plane, wherein the reference plane is a perpendicular plane to a line connecting centers of the antenna units at two ends in each row of antenna units.
6. The antenna system according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein in each set of antenna elements and phase correction elements corresponding to each other, the vertical distance between the phase correction element and the antenna element ranges between 0.25 λ and 0.4 λ, where λ is the wavelength of free space corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna element.
7. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the distance between the centers of each two adjacent phase correction units is 1 to 2 times the distance between the centers of two antenna units corresponding to the two adjacent phase correction units one by one.
8. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in at least one set of the antenna unit and the phase correction unit corresponding to each other, a center of an orthographic projection of the antenna unit on the antenna mounting surface and a center of an orthographic projection of the corresponding phase correction unit on the antenna mounting surface do not overlap.
9. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein each phase correction unit comprises a plurality of conductive strips spaced apart and arranged opposite to each other in sequence;
in each set of the antenna element and the phase correction element corresponding to each other, each conductive sheet is parallel to the radiation plane of the corresponding antenna element.
10. The antenna system of claim 9, wherein the plurality of antenna elements are dual polarized antennas, each conductive strip comprising two conductive portions arranged orthogonally;
in each group of antenna units and phase correction units corresponding to each other, the extending directions of the two conductive parts are parallel to the two polarization directions of the antenna units in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
11. The antenna system according to claim 9 or 10, wherein each phase correction unit further comprises a plurality of conductive loops corresponding to the plurality of conductive strips in a one-to-one correspondence, each conductive loop being disposed around one conductive strip.
12. The antenna system according to any of claims 9 to 11, further comprising a dielectric substrate disposed between each adjacent two of the conductive strips.
13. A communication device comprising a radio frequency transceiver and an antenna system according to any of claims 1-12, wherein the radio frequency transceiver is in signal connection with an antenna element in the antenna system.
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