CN112886100B - Preparation method of high-toughness gel electrolyte and all-solid-state zinc-air battery with firm interface - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-toughness gel electrolyte and all-solid-state zinc-air battery with firm interface Download PDFInfo
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- CN112886100B CN112886100B CN202110155677.2A CN202110155677A CN112886100B CN 112886100 B CN112886100 B CN 112886100B CN 202110155677 A CN202110155677 A CN 202110155677A CN 112886100 B CN112886100 B CN 112886100B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-toughness gel electrolyte, which utilizes Hofmeister effect to mix original weak PAA-Fe 3+ Soaking CS hydrogel in saltIn the solution, the toughness-enhanced PAA-Fe with excellent mechanical property is prepared 3+ a/CS hydrogel electrolyte. The PAA-Fe is prepared by adopting ammonium chloride and zinc chloride as ion conductors in electrolyte, adopting polyacrylic acid as a polymer skeleton and ammonium persulfate as an initiator through one-pot method free radical polymerization in the presence of chitosan and ferric chloride 3+ /CS hydrogel in the construction of PAA-Fe 3+ After networking, a soaking strategy is adopted to induce chain entanglement of chitosan, and the high-toughness electrolyte for the zinc-air battery is obtained. The electrolyte has high toughness, can be assembled into a battery, can avoid relative displacement or separation caused by bending strain, enhances interface contact to promote electrochemical kinetics, and shows good working time and durability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of energy storage devices, and particularly relates to a high-toughness gel electrolyte and a preparation method of an all-solid-state zinc-air battery with a firm interface.
Background
Zinc-air batteries are being investigated as promising new energy devices due to their low cost, environmental friendliness and high energy density. It is becoming increasingly attractive to explore solid state zinc-air cells with high flexibility and intrinsic safety. The solid zinc-air battery can meet the requirements of wearable and stretchable electronic products, and the traditional zinc-air battery consists of a zinc electrode, an electrolyte and an air electrode. However, conventional sandwich battery constructions inevitably suffer from relative displacement or separation under bending strain between two adjacent components, which severely degrades the performance of the flexible battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a preparation method of a high-toughness gel electrolyte and an all-solid-state zinc-air battery with a firm interface. The working time and the cycle life of the battery can be greatly improved, and in addition, the hydrogel electrolyte is enhanced to ensure that the zinc-air battery has the required flexibility and structural stability, and has excellent electrochemical dynamics and stable electrochemical performance in different bending states.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a high-toughness gel electrolyte, which is PAA-Fe reinforced by mixed aqueous solution of ammonium chloride and zinc chloride 3+ Solid electrolyte of/CS hydrogel.
A preparation method of a high-toughness gel electrolyte comprises the following specific steps:
(1) dispersing chitosan powder in deionized water, and then stirring at room temperature to obtain a uniform and transparent solution;
(2) adding acrylic acid, a crosslinking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide and ferric chloride hexahydrate into the solution obtained in the step (1) to form a transparent precursor solution, and removing oxygen bubbles by using ultrasound;
(3) adding initiator ammonium persulfate and catalyst tetramethyl ethylene diamine into the solution obtained in the step (2), stirring, and injecting the obtained transparent solution into a glass cylindrical mold;
(4) keeping the temperature of the mould at 55-65 ℃ for 1.5-2.5h to obtain PAA-Fe 3+ A CS hydrogel;
(5) mixing PAA-Fe 3+ NH/CS hydrogel 4 Cl and ZnCl 2 The mixed aqueous solution of (A) is soaked at room temperature to obtain the enhanced PAA-Fe 3+ the/CS hydrogel is high-toughness gel electrolyte.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the acrylic acid to the chitosan is (10-20): (1-2); said PAA-Fe 3+ In the CS hydrogel, the mass percent of polyacrylic acid is 20-40 wt%, and the mass percent of chitosan is 2-4 wt%.
Preferably, the stirring time in step (3) is 5 to 15 s.
Preferably, the stirring time in step (3) is 10 s.
Preferably, the NH used for soaking in step (5) 4 The concentration of Cl is 1-5mol/L, ZnCl 2 The concentration of (B) is 0.1-2.5 mol/L.
A method for preparing all-solid-state zinc-air battery with firm interface includes applying carbon cloth as air electrode and PAA-Fe 3+ Cutting the/CS hydrogel and zinc sheet into required size, bonding, heating in glove box, and adding NH 4 Cl and ZnCl 2 Mixed water solution ofSoaking in the solution for 1-5 hr.
Preferably, said NH 4 Cl and ZnCl 2 NH in the mixed aqueous solution of 4 The concentration of Cl is 1-5mol/L, ZnCl 2 The concentration of (B) is 0.1-2.5 mol/L.
Preferably, the heating time is 10-40min, and the heating temperature is 40-80 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts the PAA-Fe with high toughness 3+ the/CS hydrogel electrolyte, and the unique adhesion process triggered by the hofmeis response, integrates the zinc anode, bifunctional catalyst, hydrogel electrolyte and air cathode into one entity, called the integrated electrode, enabling long cycle life and extremely high flexibility for zinc-air cells in aqueous electrolytes. The seamless connection to adjacent layers not only avoids relative displacement or separation due to bending strain, but enhances interfacial contact to promote electrochemical kinetics. The concrete advantages are as follows:
(1) using PAA-Fe 3+ And CS is used as a polymer skeleton in the electrolyte, and the electrolyte with high toughness for the zinc-air battery is obtained by a salt solution soaking mode;
(2) the continuous seamless connection enhanced interface contact greatly reduces the interface contact resistance and reduces the polarization of the battery;
(3) cathode material and PAA-Fe 3+ The strong adhesion between/CS hydrogels avoids the increase of the internal contact resistance of the cathode upon detachment and bending of the active material.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-solid-state zinc-air battery with a firm interface according to the present invention, wherein 1 is a zinc electrode, 2 is an electrolyte, and 3 is a carbon cloth air electrode.
FIG. 2 shows an all-solid-state zinc-air cell of the invention (cell of example 1) at 5mA cm with a robust interface -2 Cycling stability curve at current density.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 90 ° peel test of an all-solid-state zinc-air cell with a robust interface of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows the cell of comparative example 1 at 5mA cm -2 Cycling stability curve at current density.
Fig. 5 shows the electrochemical performance of the solid-state zinc-air cell with robust interface of the present invention in various destructive tests (including bending test, torsion test, hammer test, freezing test).
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
1. Preparation of carbon cloth air electrode
The air electrode is composed of carbon cloth loaded with octa-cobalt sulfide powder. And cleaning and drying the carbon cloth in alcohol and deionized water. The electrode slurry is prepared from octa-cobalt sulfide powder, conductive carbon black, deionized water, isopropanol and a Nafion solution. Uniformly coating the catalyst on the cleaned carbon cloth by using the catalyst slurry prepared by ultrasonic treatment for 30min, wherein the loading amount is about 1mg cm -2 Subsequently, the prepared air electrode was dried at room temperature overnight. And obtaining the prepared carbon cloth air electrode.
2. Preparation of electrolyte
PAA-Fe 3+ CS hydrogel: firstly, 1-2g of chitosan is weighed and dissolved in water solution, and magnetic stirring is carried out at normal temperature. Acrylic acid (AA,10-20g), crosslinker N, N' -methylenebisacrylamide (MBA,90ul, 20mg/mL) and ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl) were then added 3 6H2O,1g) was stirred at room temperature to give a homogeneous and transparent solution. Then, ammonium persulfate as an initiator (KPS,2g, 40mg/mL) and tetramethylethylenediamine as a catalyst (TEMED,15ul) were added to the solution, and after stirring, the resulting clear solution was injected into a glass cylindrical mold. And keeping the temperature of the die at 60 ℃ for 2h to form the solid electrolyte.
Enhanced PAA-Fe 3+ CS hydrogel: mixing PAA-Fe 3+ NH/CS hydrogel 4 Cl and ZnCl 2 The mixed aqueous solution of (A) is soaked at room temperature to obtain the enhanced PAA-Fe 3+ the/CS hydrogel is high-toughness gel electrolyte.
3. Preparation of all-solid-state zinc-air battery with firm interface
The zinc electrode is made of pure zinc sheets with the thickness of 0.3-0.5mm, the zinc sheets are cut into rectangles with the length of 2-3 cm and the width of 1-2 cm, and the rectangles are polished by abrasive paper to remove oxides. The prepared air electrode and electrolyte are cut into strips with the length of 2cm-3cm and the width of 1cm-2cm, so that the zinc-air battery is convenient to assemble. Then, the zinc electrode, the electrolyte and the air electrode are smoothly assembled (bonded together) in a sandwich structure mode, then the whole battery is placed in a glove box and heated at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ for 10-30min, and finally soaked in 2.5M ammonium chloride and 0.5M zinc chloride solution for 1-5 hours.
Comparative example 1
1. Preparation of carbon cloth air electrode
The air electrode is composed of carbon cloth loaded with octa-cobalt sulfide powder. And cleaning and drying the carbon cloth in alcohol and deionized water. The electrode slurry is prepared from octa-cobalt sulfide powder, conductive carbon black, deionized water, isopropanol and a Nafion solution. Uniformly coating the catalyst on the cleaned carbon cloth by using the catalyst slurry prepared by ultrasonic treatment for 30min, wherein the loading amount is about 1mg cm -2 Subsequently, the prepared air electrode was dried at room temperature overnight. And obtaining the prepared carbon cloth air electrode.
2. Preparation of electrolyte
Preparation of PVA electrolyte: the PVA gel polymer electrolyte membrane was prepared by a freeze-thaw technique. The PVA particles were completely dissolved in water under mechanical stirring at 90 ℃. After cooling to room temperature, the PVA solution was cast onto a glass plate. The membrane was then immediately immersed in acetone for 10 minutes to solidify and then frozen for 24 hours. The resulting porous film was then melted at 30 ℃ and this process was repeated several times to effect crosslinking. The membrane was washed with deionized water, immersed in KOH solution and equilibrated for 24 hours. Thereby obtaining a PVA gel electrolyte membrane.
3. Preparation of PVA-based sandwich structure zinc-air battery
And cutting a zinc sheet with the thickness of 0.3-0.5mm into strips with the length and the width of 2-3 cm, cutting the prepared air electrodes into the same size, respectively placing the air electrodes on two sides of the prepared PVA gel electrolyte membrane, and bonding the air electrodes together to form the common PVA-based sandwich structure zinc-air battery.
Analysis of results
1. Sandwich zinc-air cells using PVA system were tested using wuhan blue cell test system CT2001A, shown in fig. 4, and operated at current density for approximately 10 hours.
2. Enhanced PAA-Fe using ammonium chloride and zinc chloride system using Wuhan blue electric cell test system CT2001A 3+ The zinc-air cell with/CS solid electrolyte assembly was tested and still operated at this current density for nearly 120 hours as shown in fig. 2; in addition, as shown in fig. 5, the battery can provide stable charging and discharging current under different test environments.
3. Use of extensometer for reinforced PAA-Fe 3+ The zinc-air cell assembled with/CS solid electrolyte was subjected to a peel test, and fig. 3 is a schematic 90 ° peel test of an all-solid zinc-air cell with a robust interface according to the present invention. Adhesion was measured using a 90 degree peel method with an electronic universal tester. All adhesive substrates were prepared having a width of 2.5 cm, a length of 7.5 cm and a thickness of 1 mm. The carbon cloth and the zinc plate were bonded to the glass plate using a double-sided adhesive tape. The PET film will act as a rigid backing for the hydrogel. Using a standard 90 degree peel test at 50mm min -1 The resulting samples were tested for constant peel speed. As can be seen in fig. 3: enhanced PAA-Fe 3+ the/CS hydrogel provides much greater interfacial toughness than the base PVA gel.
The above description is only illustrative of the concept of the present invention, and the adjustment of the process parameters according to the present invention can achieve the technical objects of the present invention and show substantially the same performance as the embodiments. It should be noted that any simple variations, modifications or other equivalent substitutions which a person skilled in the art can make without inventive effort, are within the scope of the present invention, as long as they do not depart from the spirit of the invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. High-toughness gel electrodeElectrolyte, characterized in that the electrolyte is PAA-Fe enhanced by a mixed aqueous solution of ammonium chloride and zinc chloride 3+ Solid electrolytes for CS hydrogels;
the preparation method of the high-toughness gel electrolyte comprises the following specific steps:
(1) dispersing chitosan powder in deionized water, and then stirring at room temperature to obtain a uniform and transparent solution;
(2) adding acrylic acid, a crosslinking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide and ferric chloride hexahydrate into the solution obtained in the step (1) to form a transparent precursor solution, and removing oxygen bubbles by using ultrasound;
(3) adding initiator ammonium persulfate and catalyst tetramethyl ethylene diamine into the solution obtained in the step (2), stirring, and injecting the obtained transparent solution into a glass cylindrical mold;
(4) keeping the temperature of the mould at 55-65 ℃ for 1.5-2.5h to obtain PAA-Fe 3+ A CS hydrogel;
(5) mixing PAA-Fe 3+ NH/CS hydrogel 4 Cl and ZnCl 2 The mixed aqueous solution of (A) is soaked at room temperature to obtain the enhanced PAA-Fe 3+ the/CS hydrogel is high-toughness gel electrolyte;
wherein the mass ratio of the acrylic acid to the chitosan is (10-20): (1-2); said PAA-Fe 3+ In the CS hydrogel, the mass percent of polyacrylic acid is 20-40 wt%, and the mass percent of chitosan is 2-4 wt%.
2. The high toughness gel electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the stirring time in step (3) is 5-15 s.
3. The high toughness gel electrolyte of claim 2, wherein the stirring time in step (3) is 10 s.
4. The high toughness gel electrolyte of claim 1, wherein NH used for soaking in step (5) 4 The concentration of Cl is 1-5mol/L, ZnCl 2 The concentration of (B) is 0.1-2.5 mol/L.
5. A preparation method of an all-solid-state zinc-air battery with a firm interface is characterized by comprising the following steps: PAA-Fe enhanced by carbon cloth air electrode and mixed aqueous solution of ammonium chloride and zinc chloride 3+ Cutting solid electrolyte of/CS hydrogel and zinc sheet into required size, bonding, heating in glove box, and adding NH 4 Cl and ZnCl 2 Soaking the mixed aqueous solution for 1 to 5 hours;
wherein, the PAA-Fe 3+ The preparation method of the/CS hydrogel comprises the following specific steps:
(1) dispersing chitosan powder in deionized water, and then stirring at room temperature to obtain a uniform and transparent solution;
(2) adding acrylic acid, a crosslinking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide and ferric chloride hexahydrate into the solution obtained in the step (1) to form a transparent precursor solution, and removing oxygen bubbles by using ultrasound;
(3) adding initiator ammonium persulfate and catalyst tetramethyl ethylene diamine into the solution obtained in the step (2), stirring, and injecting the obtained transparent solution into a glass cylindrical mold;
(4) keeping the temperature of the mould at 55-65 ℃ for 1.5-2.5h to obtain PAA-Fe3+/CS hydrogel;
(5) soaking the PAA-Fe3+/CS hydrogel in a mixed aqueous solution of NH4Cl and ZnCl2 at room temperature to obtain an enhanced PAA-Fe3+/CS hydrogel, namely the high-toughness gel electrolyte;
wherein the mass ratio of the acrylic acid to the chitosan is (10-20): (1-2); said PAA-Fe 3+ In the CS hydrogel, the mass percent of polyacrylic acid is 20-40 wt%, and the mass percent of chitosan is 2-4 wt%.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the NH 4 Cl and ZnCl 2 NH in the mixed aqueous solution of 4 The concentration of Cl is 1-5mol/L, ZnCl 2 The concentration of (B) is 0.1-2.5 mol/L.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the heating time is 10-40min, and the heating temperature is 40-80 ℃.
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| CN114744339A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-07-12 | 广州优能达科技有限公司 | Solid zinc-air battery |
| CN114725336A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-07-08 | 武汉理工大学 | Protective layer modified zinc anode material and preparation method and application thereof |
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