CN112883545A - Simulation method of power load waveform - Google Patents

Simulation method of power load waveform Download PDF

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CN112883545A
CN112883545A CN202110042884.7A CN202110042884A CN112883545A CN 112883545 A CN112883545 A CN 112883545A CN 202110042884 A CN202110042884 A CN 202110042884A CN 112883545 A CN112883545 A CN 112883545A
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周求湛
杨桐
荣静
魏佳慧
胡继康
孙明玉
王聪
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Jilin University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a simulation method of a power load waveform, which comprises the following steps: step one, collecting load waveform data; step two, data preprocessing: the method comprises three links of phase alignment, amplitude modulation and data screening; step three, typical data extraction: transient data and steady-state data comprising a complete working cycle of the load are separated by observing the waveform and comparing the characteristics; step four, simulating the waveform of the single load current; and step five, simulating the multi-load current waveform. The method can output the load current waveform data with adjustable data length and controllable working scene, provides a database for non-load monitoring work, brings great convenience for data acquisition work of experimenters, saves a large amount of manpower, material resources, financial resources and time, and saves a large amount of resources for the data acquisition work.

Description

Simulation method of power load waveform
Technical Field
The invention relates to a simulation method, in particular to a method capable of simulating a power load waveform.
Background
In recent years, the electricity demand of China keeps a continuously high increasing trend, and the national power grid pays more attention to monitoring of the power load, so that research on the power load is gradually carried out, but waveform data of the load is the basis for carrying out load monitoring research.
At present, the method for acquiring the waveform data is that an experimenter enters the load user to acquire the waveform data of the load by using an ammeter. The types of the collected load waveform data comprise single load waveform data and multi-load waveform data.
The waveform data of the single load comprises waveform data of different loads in different modes, and the waveform data of the multiple loads comprises waveform data of multiple accesses of the multiple loads in different scenes such as different time, different modes and the like. Therefore, it is a work that the financial resources, material resources, manpower and time are wasted in acquiring the waveform data of the load.
In addition, the algorithm research has high requirements on data, under the condition that the types of loads are complete enough, multi-load waveform data under different scenes are difficult to exhaust, and a large amount of waveform data with different lengths are also needed, so that great difficulty is brought to the data acquisition work.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simulation method of power load waveform, which can simulate waveform data such as current, voltage and the like of a load during working, wherein the simulated waveform data types comprise single-load waveform data with different lengths and multi-load waveform data under different scenes. Because the simulated waveform data has adjustable length and controllable working scene, a large amount of manpower, material resources, financial resources and time are saved for the data acquisition work of experimenters, great convenience is brought for the scientific research work, and a large amount of experimental data is provided for the research of load monitoring.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a simulation method of a power load waveform comprises the following steps:
step one, load waveform data acquisition:
respectively acquiring data of loads to be simulated, wherein the acquired data comprises data of a complete working cycle of the loads;
step two, data preprocessing:
the method comprises three links of phase alignment, amplitude modulation and data screening, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) phase alignment: carrying out phase alignment on voltage data at two ends of each load waveform data, and intercepting current data from the same phase of the voltage;
(2) amplitude modulation: the standard voltage effective value is 220V, and the current and voltage of a certain load are respectively I per cycle wave instantaneous valuesi、UiThe instantaneous value of current and voltage per cycle wave modulated to standard voltage is I'i、U′iThe effective values of each cycle are respectively marked as Ia、UaAnd the modulation proportionality coefficient is m, then:
Figure BDA0002896585550000021
Figure BDA0002896585550000022
Figure BDA0002896585550000031
i 'I'i、U′iThe modulated current and voltage instantaneous values are obtained;
(3) and (3) screening data: data with large fluctuation of current is removed by adopting Laviand criterion, namely data screening, and the specific method is as follows:
firstly, the effective value I of the current of each cycle wave is countediArithmetic mean of effective values
Figure BDA0002896585550000035
And the standard deviation σ of the effective value, then the ralda criterion is:
Figure BDA0002896585550000032
balance
Figure BDA0002896585550000033
When the residual error is larger than 3 sigma, the data contains a coarse error, namely the current data contains data with large fluctuation, and the corresponding current and voltage data set is omitted, otherwise, the data is retained;
step three, typical data extraction:
transient data and steady-state data comprising a complete working cycle of the load are separated by observing the waveform and comparing the characteristics;
step four, single load current waveform simulation:
obtaining single load current waveform data with settable time length according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002896585550000034
ttemporary storageIs a transient duration, t, calculated from the number of sampling points of the transient dataStableThe steady state duration is calculated according to the sampling point number of the steady state data, and t is the working duration set according to the data length required by the user;
step five, multi-load current waveform simulation:
on the basis of the current waveform data of the single load in the step four, the number n of the loads, the working sequence, the working time length t and the working interval delta t are setSpacerIs ready to obtainTo multiple load current waveform data.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method can output the load current waveform data with adjustable data length and controllable working scene, provides a database for non-load monitoring work, brings great convenience for data acquisition work of experimenters, saves a large amount of manpower, material resources, financial resources and time, and saves a large amount of resources for the data acquisition work.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a television current waveform and details;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the current waveform and details of the kettle;
FIG. 4 is a waveform and detail diagram of refrigerator current;
FIG. 5 is a waveform and detail diagram of the TV current of the electric cooker;
FIG. 6 is a waveform and detail diagram of air conditioner current;
FIG. 7 is a comparison of television/refrigerator voltage waveforms before and after phase alignment and amplitude modulation;
FIG. 8 is a comparison of refrigerator current data before and after data screening;
FIG. 9 is a typical data extraction of television current data;
FIG. 10a) is a waveform diagram of a single load simulation current, and b) is a waveform detail diagram;
FIG. 11a) is a waveform diagram of multi-load simulation current, and b) is a waveform detail diagram.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but not limited thereto, and any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a simulation method of a power load waveform, as shown in fig. 1, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, load waveform data acquisition: and respectively carrying out data acquisition on the loads to be simulated, wherein the acquired data comprises data of the complete working cycle of the loads.
Step two, data preprocessing: the method comprises three links of phase alignment, amplitude modulation and data screening.
1. Phase alignment: the data information collected by the electric meter is the waveform data of current and voltage when the load is in a working state. The current and voltage data are data including phase information, and it is meaningful that all loads are processed and applied under the same reference system, and therefore, it is necessary to align the phases of the current and voltage waveform data of each load.
Due to the different internal structure of each load, the current waveform may generate harmonic waves to cause phase shift of the sine wave. The voltage at two ends of the load is mains supply voltage, and the waveform is approximate to sine wave, so that voltage data at two ends of each load can be aligned, and current data can be intercepted from the same phase position of the voltage. The voltage alignment method adopted by the invention is a peak alignment method, namely, current data is intercepted from the peak value of the sine waveform of the voltage. The phase alignment is performed every 1 second, thereby ensuring data consistency.
2. Amplitude modulation: although the voltages at the two ends of the load are mains voltage, since experimenters acquire data of the load at different times, the voltage amplitudes of the two ends of each load in the acquired data are different due to the fluctuation of the mains voltage and the voltage drop caused by different electrical appliances, and therefore, amplitude modulation needs to be performed on the data to ensure the consistency of the data.
The standard voltage effective value is 220V, and the current and voltage of a certain load are respectively I per cycle wave instantaneous valuesi、UiThe instantaneous value of current and voltage per cycle wave modulated to standard voltage is I'i、U′iThe effective values of each cycle are respectively marked as Ia、UaThe effective value of current and voltage modulated to standard voltage per cycle is I'a、U′aAnd the modulation proportionality coefficient is m, then:
Figure BDA0002896585550000061
Figure BDA0002896585550000062
Figure BDA0002896585550000063
i 'I'i、U′iThe modulated current and voltage instantaneous values.
3. And (3) screening data: the current waveform data collected in the home can be distorted, and the main reason of the distortion is that the current waveform can generate harmonic waves to cause sine waves to be distorted due to different internal structures of various loads. And in part, due to measurement errors of the acquisition equipment and erroneous operation by the experimenter. For such distortion caused by external factors, data screening is required for the data.
The invention adopts Lauda criterion to remove the data with large fluctuation of current, namely data screening. Firstly, the effective value I of the current of each cycle wave is countediArithmetic mean of effective values
Figure BDA0002896585550000066
And the standard deviation σ of the effective value, then the ralda criterion is:
Figure BDA0002896585550000064
balance
Figure BDA0002896585550000065
When the residual error is larger than 3 sigma, the data contains a coarse error, namely the current data contains data with large fluctuation, the corresponding current and voltage data set is omitted, and otherwise, the data is retained.
Step three, typical data extraction: the current data of the load can be divided into transient data and steady-state data, and as the name suggests, the steady-state data is data of the load when the load works in a steady state. The transient data is the excessive data of the load between the starting time and the steady-state operation, and has the transient property. The acquired data comprises transient data and steady-state data, and the transient data and the steady-state data comprising the complete working cycle of the load are separated by observing waveform and characteristic comparison (active power, reactive power, power factor and the like).
Step four, single load current waveform simulation: the acquired data are all in fixed length, but in actual research experiments, not only the waveform data with different lengths need to be applied, but also the required data volume is very large, so that the single-load current waveform simulation is invented.
Because the waveform of the steady-state data is very stable and has no fluctuation under the condition that the load does not switch the working mode, the formula of the simulation single-load current waveform data is as follows:
Figure BDA0002896585550000071
ttemporary storageIs a transient duration, t, calculated from the number of sampling points of the transient dataStableThe steady state duration is calculated according to the sampling point number of the steady state data, and t is the working duration set according to the data length required by the user (t is more than t)Temporary storage). And obtaining single load current waveform data with settable time length according to a formula.
Step five, multi-load current waveform simulation: when n types of loads work simultaneously in a household, the working current of each load is the linear superposition of the n types of load currents due to the parallel connection relationship among the loads. On the basis of the current waveform data of the single load in the step four, the number n of the loads, the working sequence, the working time length t and the working interval delta t are setSpacerAnd obtaining multi-load current waveform data. The current of a single load can be expressed by the following equation:
i(t)＝I1cos(ωt+θ1)+...+Ikcos(kωt+θk)+...；
wherein I (t) represents the instantaneous value of the operating current of a load, I1Is the amplitude of the fundamental component in the operating current, IkIs the amplitude of the kth harmonic component in the working current; omega is angular frequency; theta is a phase angle. And the initial phases of all the loads under the same commercial power are consistent at the same time, so that the phase alignment is carried out in the third step, and the precondition is ensured. Let the working current of the nth load be in(t) operating time period tnAt an operating time interval Δ t from the (n + 1) th loadInterval nAnd taking the first load current waveform as an initial waveform, and carrying out current waveform superposition on the rest loads according to the working sequence, the working interval and the working duration according to a linear superposition principle to obtain the multi-load simulation current waveform. Taking two loads as an example, the simulation current is:
(1)Δtspacer＜t1,t2+ΔtSpacer＜t1
Figure BDA0002896585550000081
(2)ΔtSpacer＜t1,t2+ΔtSpacer＞t1
Figure BDA0002896585550000082
(3)ΔtSpacer＞t1
Figure BDA0002896585550000083
In conclusion, the invention can simulate the current waveform data of a single load and the current waveform data of multiple loads, and can provide a large amount of experimental data for the research of load monitoring.
Example (b):
the waveform data of the simulated power load needs a certain data base, for example, a family is taken as an example, the load waveform data of the family is simulated, the waveform data of each load in the family during independent work needs to be collected in advance, the data is taken as the base to carry out data preprocessing, then the waveform data of the power load is simulated, and finally the simulated data is stored in a database to provide experimental data for the load monitoring work. Assuming that the family has 5 loads, namely an air conditioner, an electric kettle, a television, an electric cooker and a refrigerator, when the family is specifically applied, the simulation is carried out according to the 5 steps, and the specific operation process is as follows:
step 1: and (4) collecting load data. Waveform data of the 5 loads were collected by an experimenter using an electricity meter, and their current waveforms are shown in fig. 2 to 6.
Step 2: and (4) preprocessing data. As shown in fig. 7 and 8, for example, a television and a refrigerator, their voltages are phase-aligned and amplitude-modulated, and the same process is performed on the currents accordingly. Meanwhile, the current data of the refrigerator has obvious current fluctuation, and the reason for the fluctuation is caused by the sudden starting of a refrigerator motor, so that the data is subjected to data screening processing.
And step 3: typical data extraction is shown in fig. 9, which takes a television as an example, transient waveform data and steady waveform data of the television are extracted, and other household loads are processed in the same way.
And 4, step 4: and (5) simulating a single load current waveform. Taking a television as an example, the set time t is 10 minutes, namely 600 seconds, and the simulated current waveform is shown in fig. 10. The graph a is current data of the analog television working for 15 minutes, and as can be seen from the graph, the transient waveform is 0-1.5 min, and the steady waveform is 1.5min later.
And 5: and (4) simulating a multi-load current waveform. The number of the set loads is 5, the sequence of the adding work is television, electric kettle, refrigerator, electric cooker and air conditioner, the working time is 20 minutes, 5 minutes, 25 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes respectively, the working interval between the loads is 1 minute, 3 minutes, 10 minutes and 2 minutes respectively, and the simulated current waveform diagram is shown in fig. 11. In the figure, 0-1 min of television works independently, 1-4 min of television and hot water kettle work simultaneously, 4-6 min of television, hot water kettle and refrigerator work simultaneously, 6-14 min of television and refrigerator work simultaneously, 14-16 min of television, refrigerator and electric rice cooker work simultaneously, 16-19 min of television, refrigerator, electric rice cooker and air conditioner work simultaneously, 19-20 min of television, refrigerator and air conditioner work simultaneously, 20-26 min of refrigerator and air conditioner work simultaneously, and after 26min, the refrigerator works independently.
The simulation effect is better by comparing and analyzing the characteristics (active power, reactive power, apparent power, power factor and the like) of the measured data and the simulation data.

Claims (5)

1. A method for simulating a power load waveform, said method comprising the steps of:
step one, load waveform data acquisition:
respectively acquiring data of loads to be simulated, wherein the acquired data comprises data of a complete working cycle of the loads;
step two, data preprocessing:
the method comprises three links of phase alignment, amplitude modulation and data screening;
step three, typical data extraction:
transient data and steady-state data comprising a complete working cycle of the load are separated by observing the waveform and comparing the characteristics;
step four, single load current waveform simulation:
obtaining single load current waveform data with settable time length according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0002896585540000011
ttemporary storageIs a transient duration, t, calculated from the number of sampling points of the transient dataStableThe steady state duration is calculated according to the sampling point number of the steady state data, and t is the working duration set according to the data length required by the user;
step five, multi-load current waveform simulation:
current wave of single load at step fourOn the basis of the shape data, the number n of loads, the working sequence, the working time length t and the working interval delta t are setSpacerAnd obtaining multi-load current waveform data.
2. The method for simulating a power load waveform according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the step of phase alignment is as follows:
and performing phase alignment on voltage data at two ends of each load waveform data, and intercepting current data from the same phase of the voltage.
3. The method for simulating a waveform of an electrical load according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the step of modulating the amplitude is as follows:
the standard voltage effective value is 220V, and the current and voltage of a certain load are respectively I per cycle wave instantaneous valuesi、UiThe instantaneous value of current and voltage per cycle wave modulated to standard voltage is I'i、U′iThe effective values of each cycle are respectively marked as Ia、UaAnd the modulation proportionality coefficient is m, then:
Figure FDA0002896585540000021
Figure FDA0002896585540000022
Figure FDA0002896585540000023
i 'I'i、U′iThe modulated current and voltage instantaneous values.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, data filtering is performed to remove data with large current fluctuation by using the Lauda criterion, that is, data filtering.
5. The method for simulating a power load waveform according to claim 4, wherein the data screening comprises the following steps:
firstly, the effective value I of the current of each cycle wave is countediArithmetic mean of effective values
Figure FDA0002896585540000024
And the standard deviation σ of the effective value, then the ralda criterion is:
Figure FDA0002896585540000025
balance
Figure FDA0002896585540000031
When the residual error is larger than 3 sigma, the data contains a coarse error, namely the current data contains data with large fluctuation, the corresponding current and voltage data set is omitted, and otherwise, the data is retained.
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