CN103675378A - A non-intruding-type household-used electric load decomposition method and an apparatus - Google Patents
A non-intruding-type household-used electric load decomposition method and an apparatus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-intruding-type household-used electric load decomposition method and an apparatus. According to the non-intruding-type electric load decomposition method based on a system fitting algorithm, a household intelligent electric meter acquires electric appliance load data, and an optimal fitting algorithm obtains various optimal parameters, and finally decomposition of electrical loads can be realized. The starting time, the operation time and an operation mode of electric appliances can be accurately calculated, and accurate decomposition can be carried out on conditions of usage of electric appliances of a same kind. The electric load decomposition of the electrical appliances can be realized, and load information of each household electrical appliance can be obtained. Results of load decomposition can effectively guide changes of users' behaviors of using electricity, so that intelligentization of household energy saving plans can be promoted, and simultaneously data supports can be provided for electric power departments in the formulating of corresponding demand side management, and the household use of electricity changes is enabled to change towards a direction of being higher in energy saving and efficient degrees.
Description
Technical field
The invention provides a kind of non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition method, also disclose the device of realizing the method simultaneously, belong to electric power metering method and device technique field.
Background technology
Immediate prior art has two kinds to be respectively intrusive mood electric load decomposition method and non-intrusion type load decomposition method.
1) intrusive mood load decomposition; The method installs voltage, current sensor, the load data of Real-time Obtaining household electrical appliances at the power port of each household electrical appliance.Its advantage is that the data that obtain are more accurate; Shortcoming is on the high side, and equipment is complicated, cannot use existing ammeter or intelligent electric meter to carry out low rate sampling, is unsuitable for applying.
Visible, the remarkable shortcoming that intrusive mood load decomposition exists is: drops into greatlyr, it is inner that installment work need to enter load, affect that power consumer is normal to be produced and live, and is not suitable for all-round popularization.
2) non-intrusion type load decomposition; The method refers to, at user's entrance, voltage and current sensor is installed, and Real-time Collection voltage, current data, analyze with software, and the real-time power consumption proportion of inner different consumer that just can obtain loading is decomposed thereby realize electric load.This needs load detection device to catch incessantly each change information of electric load, very high to the requirement of soft and hardware.When the dissimilar consumer of appearance starts simultaneously or be out of service, this method just cannot be carried out Steam Generator in Load Follow decomposition effectively, and method exists great blind area.
The concept of non-intrusion type decomposition technique conducts extensive research it after proposing both at home and abroad, roughly can be divided into following a few class:
The first kind is based on electrical equipment load (power, voltage etc.) sorting technique of characteristic mapping graph, the part throttle characteristics of the method during by electrical equipment steady operation is mapped on coordinate plane, because the part throttle characteristics of different electrical equipment is understood cluster in the zones of different of plane, therefore can be by clustering method by load classification;
Equations of The Second Kind is the sorting technique based on fringe load signal characteristic, can be divided into again following several form in these class methods, and a kind of is in unlatching up-to-date style, can produce different transient state pulses according to different electrical equipment, thereby the consumer coming into operation is differentiated.Another kind is to utilize wavelet-decomposing method, the part throttle characteristics in the short time is analyzed, and then decomposed.While also having researcher to pass through electrical equipment steady operation, the difference of electrical equipment short-time current (voltage) characteristic, decomposes load.
The 3rd class is the load decomposition method based on statistics, and the method can be applicable to electric load preferably by the decomposition of trade classification.
Above method has all realized the function of non-intrusion type load decomposition to a certain extent, but all has problems: first kind method can cause erroneous judgement while dropping into for a plurality of consumers simultaneously, and can only judge institute's use electrical equipment classification, can not be by load decomposition; Equations of The Second Kind method requires checkout equipment to gather at short notice mass data, and (transient characterisitics duration of pulse during starting of air conditioner only has 0.2s, some is even shorter, and the load waveform of one-period while gathering electrical equipment steady operation, need higher frequency acquisition), existing conventional electric power equipment cannot meet the demands; The 3rd class methods are the decomposition methods based on historical data statistics, and for the little user of electrical network, because user's electricity consumption behavior has very large randomness, so statistical method exists very large problem aspect Decomposition Accuracy.
To sum up analyze, non-intrusion type load decomposition shortcoming is summarised as: first, this method relies on transient consumer to throw/cut information, and (the air-conditioning input transient state process duration that actual measurement obtains was about about 0.2 second, some equipment are even shorter), in order not omit these useful throwings/cut information, need device to detect incessantly load, catch each change information, therefore monitoring system is very high to the requirement of soft and hardware; Secondly, when dissimilar consumer is thrown in a large number simultaneously/cut, this method just cannot effectively be carried out Steam Generator in Load Follow decomposition, and its application has some limitations.
In addition, although current general domestic intelligent ammeter is different from general multifunctional electric energy meter, it is more abundant, powerful in robotization and intelligentized function, and its major function is bidirectional measuring, two-way communication, intelligent switching control.But it does not exist, do not realize the decomposition of overall power load and the real-time function showing, and this function is formulated the important foundation of the dsms such as step price just.
Summary of the invention
The present invention discloses a kind of non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition method, has solved existing domestic intelligent ammeter and cannot decompose and the deficiency showing all electric appliance loads of family.
the present invention discloses a kind of non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition method, and concrete solution is as follows:
Non-intrusion type load decomposition method based on system fitting algorithm, gathers electrical equipment load data by domestic intelligent ammeter, by optimal fitting algorithm, obtains each optimized parameter, finally realizes the decomposition of power load.It is characterized in that calculating accurately electrical equipment opening time, working time and operational mode, and the situation that electrical equipment of the same race can be come into operation is accurately decomposed.
Concrete steps are as follows:
The first step: the foundation of load data collection, store the load parameter of each household electrical appliance;
Second step: according to the actual electricity consumption situation of user, carry out the acquisition and processing of total load data;
The 3rd step: have electrical equipment kind by user, synthetic matching signal;
The 4th step: calculate fitness function according to matching signal and user's total load data-signal;
The 5th step: the optimal function of take is got maximal value as optimal objective, based on system fitting algorithm, exists coefficient and load opening time coefficient to carry out optimum to load and solves;
The 6th step: have coefficient and load opening time coefficient according to the Optimal Load of trying to achieve, the household electrical appliances load data in conjunction with data centralization, completes the decomposition to total load, and decomposition result is presented in lcd screen.
Described non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition method, is characterized in that:
Decomposition that can be to the long-time section load of user, can accurately realize electrical equipment open simultaneously, open when different, with power mode and for the load decomposition of electrical equipment of the same race.
Described non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition method, is characterized in that the following form of Parameter storage of described electric load:
If each household electrical appliance be respectively A, B ..., L, load number curve data corresponding to data centralization are respectively
In formula: n represents sampled point number;
the active power amplitude that represents corresponding electrical equipment;
for each concrete sampled point power magnitude; The data of different family's electric loads are as sample set element, for subsequent treatment.
Described non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition method, is characterized in that, collection and processing to user's total load data described in second step, wherein
for user's total load waveform sampling point data, its set expression form is
, each sampled point is carried out to average normalized, process formula as follows:
In formula:
for each sampled point amplitude after normalized;
for the set symbol of each sampled point,
i=1,2 ..., nfor sampled point number, each sampling point value after processing
can be with set expression
.
Described non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition method, it is characterized in that, the synthetic of matching signal described in third step obtained by following mode: by selected its family expenses load type using of user, be expressed as A, B ..., L, formula is as follows:
In formula:
it is the coefficient that exists of corresponding electrical equipment load;
it is the opening time coefficient of corresponding electrical equipment load;
it is matching signal
each sampling point amplitude;
Formula (3) can further be write as the form of matrix:
Load in above formula exists coefficient can be expressed as set form
, work as correspondence
time, electrical equipment
in opening; When
time, electrical equipment
in closed condition;
, represent
arrive
different electrical equipment.
Same load opening time coefficient sets can be expressed as
, use
represent the
the time coefficient of electric appliances,
,
value condition have three kinds:
When
time, represent that this electrical equipment opened
second;
When
time, represent that this electrical equipment is lucky unlatching starting monitoring;
When
time, represent that this electrical equipment is after monitoring starts
open second.
Described non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition method, is characterized in that, the fitness function described in the 4th step be calculated as follows the mode of putting down: get the inner product of matching signal and user's total load signal as fitness function
,
value representation matching signal and the degree of correlation of load signal, solution formula is:
In formula:
for the matching signal set after being normalized,
for the matching signal of each sampled point,
represent the user's total load waveform sets being normalized,
for user's total load waveform of each sampled point, wherein,
be
with
corresponding sampled point sequence number.
Described non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition method, is characterized in that, the load described in the 5th step exists the mode of putting down that is calculated as follows of coefficient and duration of load application coefficient:
First set matching signal
, it is by sample set
xelement according to existing coefficient proportioning add and form:
（6）
In formula:
it is sample set
element;
for there being coefficient, its available matrix representation
there is coefficient
each element value have two kinds may:
When
time, represent to contain corresponding element in matching vector;
When
time, represent not contain corresponding element in matching vector, different
corresponding different matching vectors, i=1,2 ..., n is sampled point number.
If BIN is by the binary number that exists coefficient to form in order, that is:
In formula:
be
place value,
most significant digit,
it is lowest order;
Parameter in formula (4)
and parameter
capital exerts an influence to fitness function r, when utilizing optimum combination Algorithm for Solving optimized parameter, need by
taking into account, is therefore that the father who participates in computing is combined as carrying out system fitting algorithm
, N group father combination can be expressed in matrix as:
Wherein
the corresponding corresponding binary number BIN of difference,
the time coefficient of N sampled point of corresponding different household electrical appliance, is combined into by this N group father the matching computing processed of advancing respectively, finally obtains optimized parameter
with
.
Described non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition method, is characterized in that, the result that realizes that the load decomposition described in the 6th step is final is: by the coefficient that exists of trying to achieve, determine the kind of opening electrical equipment, corresponding
represent that corresponding electrical equipment is opened otherwise expression is not opened; By the optimum opening time coefficient of trying to achieve
can determine the opening time of opening electrical equipment; By the load data of these two groups of parameters and corresponding electrical equipment thereof, just can decomposite the load waveform of each unlatching electrical equipment of tested time period.
the invention discloses the device of realizing this non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition method, it is characterized in that:
The core processor of this device is mainly responsible for the operation control of whole device and the calculating of embedded algorithm.
Electric energy metrical unit consists of electric energy computation chip, mutual inductance circuit, measurement insert row.Wherein measure the unknown electrical equipment (referring to unwritten electrical equipment in load database) that insert row is used for connecting user.Mutual inductance circuit is responsible for measuring being connected of insert row and electric energy computation chip and customer charge bus and electric energy computation chip, with by three electric currents of unknown electrical equipment and customer charge bus, three voltage transmission to electric energy computation chip.The voltage that electric energy computation chip mainly passes over according to mutual inductance circuit, current value, measure real-time current, voltage, active power and the reactive power of unknown electrical equipment or customer charge bus, and these values are converted into digital quantity, these digital quantities are transferred in core processor, for load decomposition simultaneously.
Communication unit mainly consists of level transferring chip, serial converter, twisted-pair feeder.The major function of this unit is to be responsible for communicating by letter of this device and PC, by this unit, the electrical equipment load data that user can provide power department downloads in apparatus of the present invention, also the load data of the unknown electrical equipment of user can be uploaded to power department by PC, further improve electrical equipment load database.Wherein, level transferring chip is responsible for the Transistor-Transistor Logic level signal of the communication port of core processor to be converted to the RS-232 interface signal that PC is conventional.Serial converter is responsible for the conversion of RS-232 interface signal and RS-485 interface signal, why RS-232 interface signal is converted to RS-485 interface signal, is because RS-485 interface signal transmission range is farther, more stable.Twisted-pair feeder is mainly responsible for device to be connected with PC at a distance, realizes the remote stable transfer of data.
Storage unit consists of storer and SD card interface.Wherein, storer is responsible for storing load data, the load decomposition historical results of electrical appliance that subscriber household makes, for load decomposition provides data supporting.SD card interface is when the serial ports of this device can not be received on PC, and the household electrical appliances load data of being responsible for user to select in database dumps on the storer of intelligent electric meter.
Controlling display unit consists of LCD display and supervisory keyboard.LCD display is mainly used to show that the load waveform of customer charge bus and load decomposition get respectively makes electrical appliance load waveform.Keyboard Control is responsible for the function of this device and is controlled, by keyboard user can realize that load data is downloaded, unknown electrical equipment load measurement and upload, the function such as user's total load real-time decomposition, historical data are uploaded, historical data removing.
Feed circuit are responsible for 220V alternating current to be converted to the direct supply of the desired different amplitudes of different chips in device.
the course of work of the present invention is as follows:
(1) measure the load waveform of unknown electrical equipment, its course of work is summarized as follows:
Because the electrical equipment load data of storing in current electrical equipment load database is limited, the electrical equipment that user uses may not be included in database, therefore designed position electrical equipment load electrical measurement module, pass through supervisory keyboard, State selective measurements electrical equipment burden functional, unknown electrical equipment is inserted into and is measured on insert row, the load current of unknown electrical equipment is delivered to electric energy computation chip by mutual inductance circuit, computation chip passes to core processor by the real time data recording, reading frequency is 1/6HZ, it stores core processing the load data reading in storer into, while being total to next step load decomposition, call.
(2) decomposition of user's total load, main state when this is this intelligent electric meter work, its course of work is summarized as follows:
When supervisory keyboard does not carry out other functions selections, intelligent electric meter will be operated in load decomposition state, user's electric load bus is connected with electric energy computation chip by mutual inductor, electric energy computation chip passes to core processor by the total load data that read, when the data duration reading runs up to more than 60 minutes, core processor enters load decomposition state, after this intelligent electric meter processor utilizes the present invention to propose a minute non-intrusion type load decomposition method to decompose, and the load decomposition of each household electrical appliance out (comprises the load in first 60 minutes) the most at last.Note, the data accumulation of negative 60 minutes of mentioning here just carries out when intelligent electric meter is worked first, after data accumulation completes first, just can carry out real-time decomposition to load, without carrying out data accumulation again.Load data after decomposition is temporarily stored in storer, and meanwhile, core processor with load being presented on LCD screen of waveform, allows user's visual pattern and understand the power consumption situation of each electrical equipment by each electrical equipment load data of user's total load data and decomposition.
(3) intelligent electric meter and pc machine communicates by letter
First, because household electrical appliance kind is numerous, so the storage space in intelligent electric meter is limited, the load data of each electric appliances can not be stored.Secondly, due to the construction of electrical equipment load database be one perfect gradually, and need the process constantly revised, therefore need user to participate in wherein.Finally, user's load data cannot allow user self understand the electricity consumption situation of each electrical equipment, and these data more can provide for the integrated planning of power department significant data to support, and more can meet the interactive requirement of intelligent grid.The serial ports control chip of core processor is connected with MAX232 chip, MAX232 is converted to RS-232 level by the Transistor-Transistor Logic level of logic chip, then MAX232 is connected with serial converter NS485-Z again, RS-232 signal is directly converted to signal attenuation little, transmit more stable RS-485 signal, NS485-Z is connected with another piece NS485-Z by twisted-pair feeder, to extend transmission line, the NS485-Z of least significant end is directly connected with PC the most at last, like this by this communication line, intelligent electric meter can upload to power department by load data, electrical equipment load in position can be uploaded to load database, also the load data in load database can be downloaded in the middle of intelligent electric meter, for load decomposition.
good effect of the present invention is:
Universal intelligent ammeter is progressively grown up by traditional electric energy meter, and it is the important terminal during intelligent grid is built.It also has the function of timesharing classification metering, two-way communication, various control except having the basic function of bidirectional measuring, this main improved be its communication with dsm in effect.But universal intelligent ammeter can only be measured total power load of user, cannot measure respectively different household electrical appliance, so user need to know that the information on load of each household electrical appliances can only be connected with intelligent electric meter respectively, this will be a very way for power consumption.
Realize the decomposition of household electricity total load, obtain the information on load of each household electrical appliance, use first the long duration load curve feature (load data duration is more than 60 minutes) of household electrical appliance, total load curve to user carries out real-time decomposition, has realized that different electrical equipment is opened simultaneously, unlatchings when different of different electrical equipment, electrical equipment different working modes of the same race, a plurality of electrical equipment of the same race load decomposition of the multiple situation such as use jointly; Result can be shown in real time.The result of load decomposition is the change of guides user electricity consumption behavior effectively, promote the intelligence of household energy conservation plan, also can formulate corresponding demand side management to power department Data support is provided, household electricity is changed towards more energy-conservation, efficient direction simultaneously.
accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 is system fitting algorithm process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is apparatus of the present invention structured flowchart block diagram;
Fig. 3 is apparatus of the present invention circuit theory diagrams;
Fig. 4 is Typical Household Appliance active power load curve;
Fig. 5 is electrical equipment total load curve while simultaneously opening;
Fig. 6 is decomposition result figure;
Fig. 7 is washing machine total load curve while opening in advance;
Fig. 8 is the load decomposition figure of electrical equipment while opening in advance;
Fig. 9 water heater is delayed total load curve while opening;
Figure 10 is that electrical equipment is delayed the load decomposition figure while opening;
Total load curve when Figure 11 is pattern discrimination;
Figure 12 is the load decomposition figure of electrical work pattern;
Total load curve when Figure 13 is electrical equipment unlatching of the same race;
Load decomposition figure when Figure 14,15 is electricity work of the same race.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
Shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3; Unknown electrical equipment is connected with electric energy computation chip with mutual inductance circuit by measuring insert row, as shown in Figure 3, the analog current of mutual inductance circuit connects V3P and the V3N pin of electric energy computation chip, V4P and the V4N pin of the analog electrical crimping electric energy computation chip of mutual inductance circuit, realize the measurement of electric energy computation chip to position electrical equipment load data.Customer charge bus, equally by mutual inductance circuit, is connected on corresponding analog current V1P and the V1N pin of electric energy computation chip, and analog voltage is connected on V2P and the V2N pin of electric energy computation chip.Quality of power supply chip ATT7022C is connected with tetra-pins of CS0, SCLK, DIN, DOUT of core processor S3C2440A respectively by CS, SCLK, DIN, tetra-communication interface ends of DOUT, realizes the control of core processor to electric energy computation chip.The CF1 of electric energy computation chip, CF2 are respectively instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power output terminal, CF1 is connected with the DA0 pin of core processor, CF2 is connected with the DA1 pin of core processor, realizes the data transmission between electric energy computation chip and core processor.
The T1IN of level transferring chip MAX232, R1OUT are connected with RXD1, the TXD1 of core processor respectively, the T2IN pin of MAX232 connects TXD0 pin 1. of serial converter (NS485-Z), the T2OUT pin of MAX232 connects serial converter (NS485-Z) RXD0 pin 1., and core processor serial communication port Transistor-Transistor Logic level signal is converted to the RS-232 interface signal that PC is conventional.2. serial converter (NS485-Z) is 1. connected with another piece serial converter (NS485-Z) by twisted-pair feeder, serial converter (NS485-Z) TXD1 pin 1. connects serial converter (NS485-Z) RXD0 pin 2., serial converter (NS485-Z) RXD1 pin 1. connects serial converter (NS485-Z) TXD0 pin 2., realize the conversion of RS-232 interface signal and RS-485 interface signal, why RS-232 interface signal is converted to RS-485 interface signal, because RS-485 interface signal transmission range is farther, more stable).Finally serial converter (NS485-Z) RXD1, TXD1 is 2. connected with PC corresponding ports, realizes the communication connection of PC and apparatus of the present invention.
The DQ end of storer is connected with the DA3 pin of core processor, realize the transmission of data, the AD end of storer is connected with the AD pin of core processor, realize the address of storer and core processor and link up, final storer completes the load data to electrical appliance that subscriber household makes, the storage of load decomposition historical results.The DAT of SD card interface, CLK, GND are connected with SDDATA, SDCLK, the GND pin of core processor successively, realize being connected of this device internal data and external data in the situation that not connecting PC.
The CS of LCD display, CLK, MOSI, MISO pin are connected with tetra-pins of CS1, CLK, MOSI, MISO of core processor successively, realize customer charge bus load waveform and, the real-time demonstration that respectively makes electrical appliance load waveform that gets of load decomposition.
Keyboard Control connects with the corresponding I/O port of core processor, realize the function of this device and control, by keyboard user can realize that load data is downloaded, unknown electrical equipment load measurement and upload, the function such as user's total load real-time decomposition, historical data are uploaded, historical data removing.
The output terminal of feed circuit is connected with the vdd terminal of core processor, realizes the electric power supply of core processor.
embodiment 2
The first step: the load data of actual measurement user household electrical appliances
According to the statistical study investigation of relevant departments, the typical home appliances such as refrigerator, washing machine, water dispenser, air-conditioning, water heater have been chosen.By power quality analyzer, (model is: MI209MI2192) carried out load measurement, and be stored in household electrical appliance data centralization, sample frequency f=50HZ, load waveform as shown in Figure 4, the load curve difference of visible different electrical equipment is very large, and the present invention also decomposes load curve based on this difference just.Step 1 is general to different situations.
When situation 1 electrical equipment colleague opens
Second step: according to the actual electricity consumption situation of user, carry out the acquisition and processing of total load data, total load curve is as Fig. 5.The 3rd to five steps: calculate according to invention step.The decomposition result figure that the 6th step draws as shown in Figure 6.
When situation 2 electrical equipment are different, open
Second step: open in advance, open air-conditioning (heating state), refrigerator again, and start total load to monitor after the certain hour of interval, now user's total load curve as shown in Figure 7.
The 3rd to five steps: by optimum combination load decomposition method, above-mentioned waveform is processed, iterations is made as 1500 times, can obtain maximum facies relationship numerical value
r max =0.9974,
Ω best (n)=[1 0101 0],
t best (n)=[0 000 18.2 0], the electrical equipment that hence one can see that opens is refrigerator, air-conditioning and washing machine, and learns that by Te=18.2 washing machine has moved (degree of accuracy of Ti is 6s) about 18 minutes and 12 seconds before measurement.
The 6th step: the load curve decompositing as shown in Figure 8.
Situation 3 lags behind and opens
Step 2: first by air-conditioning (except wet condition), washing machine is opened and start total load to monitor, and opens water heater after the certain hour of interval again, the total load waveform recording is as Fig. 9.
Step 3 to five: by optimum combination method, above-mentioned waveform is decomposed, iterations is made as 1500 times, can obtain maximum facies relationship numerical value
r max =0.9982,
Ω best (n)=[0 0011 1],
t best (n)=[0 000 46.8 0], the electrical equipment that hence one can see that opens is air-conditioning, washing machine and water heater, and learns water heater unlatching about 46 minutes and 48 seconds after monitoring starts by Te=46.8.
Step 6: the load curve decompositing as shown in figure 10.
Situation 4 electrical work pattern discriminations
Step 2: by air-conditioning, washing machine (water that has added half capacity), refrigerator, water heater is opened simultaneously, and at run duration, changes the mode of operation of air-conditioning, records total load waveform as shown in figure 11.
Step 3 is to step 5: by optimum combination load decomposition method, above-mentioned waveform is processed, iterations is made as 1500 times, can obtain maximum facies relationship numerical value
r max =0.9989,
Ω best (n)=[1 1111 1],
t best (n)=[0 35.3 0 83.1 0 0], the electrical equipment that hence one can see that opens is refrigerator, air-conditioning, washing machine and water heater, and by
t best (n)learn air-conditioning when monitoring starts for heating state, about the 35th minute and 18 seconds, be adjusted into refrigeration mode, at 83 minutes and 6 seconds, locate to be adjusted into except wet condition again.
Step 6: the load curve decompositing as shown in figure 12.
Situation 5 comprises the load decomposition that electrical equipment of the same race is opened
Step 2: in experiment, arrange the washing machine (water that all adds 30L capacity) of three groups of identical producer models, first open refrigerator and air-conditioning and start monitoring, at different time, start three groups of washing machines respectively, the total load curve now monitoring is as shown in figure 13.
Step 3 to five: by system fitting algorithm, above-mentioned waveform is decomposed, iterations is made as 1000 times, can obtain maximum facies relationship numerical value
r max =0.9979,
Ω best (n)=[1 001101 1],
t best (n)=[0.2 00 0.3 0.2 0-36.6 10.2], the electrical equipment that hence one can see that opens is refrigerator, air-conditioning and washing machine, and by Te=0.2, Tg=-36.6, Th=10.2 can know, in the washing machine of three same models, there is one to work 36 minutes and 36 seconds, in monitoring, open while just having started for one, also have one monitoring starts after, to open 10 minutes 16 seconds time, the while can judge that air-conditioning work is at dehumidification mode.
Step 6: the load curve decompositing is as shown in Figure 14,15.
test example 1
Specific experiment step and accuracy contrast
The step of case verification is as follows:
1. model household electrical appliances load database, (model is: the load data that MI209MI2192) gathers family's common electric in certain market to adopt high-performance electric energy mass-synchrometer, and image data is carried out to sample process, final load data collection period is 6s, mensuration duration is 100min, and its category is arranged in the database of PC.
2. user selects used household electrical appliances load data, teacher Yi Mouwei family is user object, the common electric of selecting is: refrigerator (rated power: 160W), air-conditioning (refrigerating/heating rated power: 940/960 (1530)) freeze, heat, dehumidify, washing machine (rated power: 360W), water heater (rated power: 1200W).
3. the waveform collecting is uploaded on the storer of apparatus of the present invention by serial port or SD card, by the Keyboard Control of installing, read user-selected load data.
4. gather user's total load data, gather the data of coming and be first stored in the storer of apparatus of the present invention, after acquisition time accumulation surpasses 60 minutes, start to analyze data.Why to open after 60 minutes and just start deal with data, because data used are long-time load datas of electrical equipment in this intelligent electric meter load decomposition algorithm, load signal need to have certain duration, after opening 60 minutes, CPU can process the electrical equipment load data in storer and user's total load data, specifically before disposal route, introduces in detail.Finally, the non-intrusion type load decomposition method based on system fitting algorithm that CPU proposes according to the present invention, calculates
with
, and the household electrical appliances load data of storing in combined memory, the load waveform after decomposing the most at last shows in LCD display.
Finally, by random unlatching household electrical appliance, use method of the present invention with by high-performance electric energy mass-synchrometer (model is: MI209MI2192) respectively each electrical equipment load data of actual measurement analyzes contrast as shown in the table, wherein algorithm iteration number of times is respectively 1000 times, 2500 times and 5000 times, and every group of experiment all moves (each household electrical appliance load data accuracy rate of establishing by the actual measurement of high-performance electric energy mass-synchrometer is 100%) 120 times.
The load decomposition accuracy rate of the different electrical equipment of table 1 (pattern)
Claims (10)
1. a non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition method, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
The first step: the foundation of load data collection, store the load parameter of each household electrical appliance;
Second step: according to the actual electricity consumption situation of user, carry out the acquisition and processing of total load data;
The 3rd step: have electrical equipment kind by user, synthetic matching signal;
The 4th step: calculate fitness function according to matching signal and user's total load data-signal;
The 5th step: the optimal function of take is got maximal value as optimal objective, based on system fitting algorithm, exists coefficient and load opening time coefficient to carry out optimum to load and solves;
The 6th step: have coefficient and load opening time coefficient according to the Optimal Load of trying to achieve, the household electrical appliances load data in conjunction with data centralization, completes the decomposition to total load, and decomposition result is presented on LED screen.
2. non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition method according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Decomposition that can be to the long-time section load of user, can accurately realize electrical equipment open simultaneously, open when different, with power mode and for the load decomposition of electrical equipment of the same race.
3. non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the following form of Parameter storage of described electric load:
If each household electrical appliance be respectively A, B ..., L, load number curve data corresponding to data centralization are respectively
In formula: n represents sampled point number;
the active power amplitude that represents corresponding electrical equipment;
for each concrete sampled point power magnitude; The data of different family's electric loads are as sample set element, for subsequent treatment.
4. non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, collection and processing to user's total load data described in second step, wherein
for user's total load waveform sampling point data, its set expression form is
, each sampled point is carried out to average normalized, process formula as follows:
（2）
In formula:
for each sampled point amplitude after normalized;
for the set symbol of each sampled point,
i=1,2 ..., nfor sampled point number, each sampling point value after processing
can be with set expression
.
5. non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the matching signal described in third step
synthetic by following mode, obtained: by selected its family expenses load type using of user, be expressed as A, B ..., L, formula is as follows:
Formula (3) can further be write as the form of matrix:
Load in above formula exists coefficient can be expressed as set form
, work as correspondence
time, electrical equipment
in opening; When
time, electrical equipment
in closed condition;
, represent
arrive
plant different electrical equipment;
Same load opening time coefficient sets can be expressed as
, use
represent the
the time coefficient of electric appliances,
, represent
arrive
plant different electrical equipment,
value condition have three kinds:
When
time, represent that this electrical equipment opened
second;
When
time, represent that this electrical equipment is lucky unlatching starting monitoring;
When
time, represent that this electrical equipment is after monitoring starts
open second.
6. non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the fitness function described in the 4th step be calculated as follows the mode of putting down: get the inner product of matching signal and user's total load signal as fitness function
,
value representation matching signal and the degree of correlation of load signal, solution formula is:
In formula:
for the matching signal set after being normalized,
for the matching signal of each sampled point,
represent the user's total load waveform sets being normalized,
for user's total load waveform of each sampled point, wherein,
, represent
with
corresponding sampled point sequence number.
7. non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the load described in the 5th step exists the mode of putting down that is calculated as follows of coefficient and duration of load application coefficient:
First set matching signal
, it is by sample set
xelement according to existing coefficient proportioning add and form:
In formula:
it is sample set
element;
for there being coefficient, its available matrix representation
there is coefficient
each element value have two kinds may:
When
time, represent to contain corresponding element in matching vector;
When
time, represent not contain corresponding element in matching vector, different
corresponding different matching vectors,
for sampled point number;
If
by the binary number that exists coefficient to form in order, that is:
In formula:
be
place value,
most significant digit,
it is lowest order;
Parameter in formula (4)
and parameter
capital exerts an influence to fitness function r, when utilizing optimum combination Algorithm for Solving optimized parameter, need by
take into account, therefore, when carrying out system fitting algorithm, the father who participates in computing is combined as
, N group father combination can be expressed in matrix as:
Wherein
binary number in the corresponding formula of difference (7)
,
the time coefficient of N sampled point of corresponding different household electrical appliance, is combined into by this N group father the matching computing processed of advancing respectively, finally obtains optimized parameter
with
.
8. non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the result that realizes that the load decomposition described in the 6th step is final is: by the coefficient that exists of trying to achieve, determine the kind of opening electrical equipment, corresponding
represent that corresponding electrical equipment is opened otherwise expression is not opened; By the optimum opening time coefficient of trying to achieve
can determine the opening time of opening electrical equipment; By the load data of these two groups of parameters and corresponding electrical equipment thereof, just can decomposite the load waveform of each unlatching electrical equipment of tested time period.
9. a device for non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition, is characterized in that:
The core processor of this device is mainly responsible for the operation control of whole device and the calculating of embedded algorithm;
Electric energy metrical unit consists of electric energy computation chip, mutual inductance circuit, measurement insert row; Wherein measure the unknown electrical equipment that insert row is used for connecting user; Mutual inductance circuit is responsible for measuring being connected of insert row and electric energy computation chip and customer charge bus and electric energy computation chip, with by three electric currents of unknown electrical equipment and customer charge bus, three voltage transmission to electric energy computation chip; The voltage that electric energy computation chip mainly passes over according to mutual inductance circuit, current value, measure real-time current, voltage, active power and the reactive power of unknown electrical equipment or customer charge bus, and these values are converted into digital quantity, these digital quantities are transferred in core processor, for load decomposition simultaneously;
Communication unit mainly consists of level transferring chip, serial converter, twisted-pair feeder, responsible this device is communicated by letter with PC, the electrical equipment load data that user can provide power department is downloaded, or the load data of the unknown electrical equipment of user is uploaded to power department by PC, further improve electrical equipment load database; Wherein, level transferring chip is responsible for the Transistor-Transistor Logic level signal of the communication port of core processor to be converted to the RS-232 interface signal that PC is conventional; Serial converter is responsible for the conversion of RS-232 interface signal and RS-485 interface signal, why RS-232 interface signal is converted to RS-485 interface signal, is because RS-485 interface signal transmission range is farther, more stable; Twisted-pair feeder is mainly responsible for device to be connected with PC at a distance, realizes the remote stable transfer of data;
Storage unit consists of storer and SD card interface, and wherein, storer is responsible for storing load data, the load decomposition historical results of electrical appliance that subscriber household makes, for load decomposition provides data supporting; The household electrical appliances load data that SD card interface is selected user in database dumps on the storer of intelligent electric meter;
Control display unit and consist of LCD display and supervisory keyboard, LCD display is mainly used to show that the load waveform of customer charge bus and load decomposition get respectively makes electrical appliance load waveform; Keyboard Control is responsible for the function of this device and is controlled, by keyboard user carry out load data download, unknown electrical equipment load measurement and upload, user's total load real-time decomposition, historical data are uploaded, historical data is removed;
Feed circuit are responsible for 220V alternating current to be converted to the direct supply of the desired different amplitudes of different chips in device.
10. a device for non-intrusion type household electricity load decomposition, is characterized in that:
Unknown electrical equipment is connected with electric energy computation chip with mutual inductance circuit by measuring insert row, the analog current of mutual inductance circuit connects V3P and the V3N pin of electric energy computation chip, V4P and the V4N pin of the analog electrical crimping electric energy computation chip of mutual inductance circuit, realize the measurement of electric energy computation chip to position electrical equipment load data; Customer charge bus, by mutual inductance circuit, is connected on corresponding analog current V1P and the V1N pin of electric energy computation chip, and analog voltage is connected on V2P and the V2N pin of electric energy computation chip; Quality of power supply chip ATT7022C is connected with tetra-pins of CS0, SCLK, DIN, DOUT of core processor S3C2440A respectively by CS, SCLK, DIN, tetra-communication interface ends of DOUT, realizes the control of core processor to electric energy computation chip; The CF1 of electric energy computation chip, CF2 are respectively instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power output terminal, CF1 is connected with the DA0 pin of core processor, CF2 is connected with the DA1 pin of core processor, realizes the data transmission between electric energy computation chip and core processor;
The T1IN of level transferring chip MAX232, R1OUT are connected with RXD1, the TXD1 of core processor respectively, the T2IN pin of MAX232 connects TXD0 pin 1. of serial converter (NS485-Z), the T2OUT pin of MAX232 connects serial converter (NS485-Z) RXD0 pin 1., and core processor serial communication port Transistor-Transistor Logic level signal is converted to the RS-232 interface signal that PC is conventional; 2. serial converter (NS485-Z) is 1. connected with another piece serial converter (NS485-Z) by twisted-pair feeder, serial converter (NS485-Z) TXD1 pin 1. connects serial converter (NS485-Z) RXD0 pin 2., serial converter (NS485-Z) RXD1 pin 1. connects serial converter (NS485-Z) TXD0 pin 2., realizes the conversion of RS-232 interface signal and RS-485 interface signal; Serial converter (NS485-Z) RXD1, TXD1 is 2. connected realization intercommunication mutually with PC corresponding ports;
The DQ end of storer is connected with the DA3 pin of core processor, realize the transmission of data, the AD end of storer is connected with the AD pin of core processor, realize the address of storer and core processor and link up, storer completes the load data to electrical appliance that subscriber household makes, the storage of load decomposition historical results; The DAT of SD card interface, CLK, GND are connected with SDDATA, SDCLK, the GND pin of core processor successively, realize being connected of this device internal data and external data;
The CS of LCD display, CLK, MOSI, MISO pin are connected with tetra-pins of CS1, CLK, MOSI, MISO of core processor successively, realize customer charge bus load waveform and, the real-time demonstration that respectively makes electrical appliance load waveform that gets of load decomposition;
The corresponding I/O port of Keyboard Control and core processor connects, by keyboard user can realize that load data is downloaded, unknown electrical equipment load measurement and upload, user's total load real-time decomposition, historical data are uploaded, historical data is removed; The output terminal of feed circuit is connected with the vdd terminal of core processor, realizes the electric power supply of core processor.
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