CN112880959B - Bidirectional eccentric loading device for bending component in drop hammer impact test - Google Patents

Bidirectional eccentric loading device for bending component in drop hammer impact test Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112880959B
CN112880959B CN202110159965.5A CN202110159965A CN112880959B CN 112880959 B CN112880959 B CN 112880959B CN 202110159965 A CN202110159965 A CN 202110159965A CN 112880959 B CN112880959 B CN 112880959B
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force transmission
transmission support
bidirectional
drop hammer
eccentric
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CN112880959A (en
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马小敏
张文浩
赵晖
王蕊
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
    • G01M7/08Shock-testing

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a bidirectional eccentric loading device for a bending component in a drop hammer impact test, which belongs to the technical field of component disaster simulation devices and comprises a bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism, an axial loading mechanism and a drop hammer; the bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism comprises an upper compression part, a lower compression part, a force transmission support, a spherical hinge, a rolling shaft and a counterforce frame I; the upper pressing piece and the lower pressing piece clamp the force transmission support through a rolling shaft, and the axis of the rolling shaft is perpendicular to the axis of the structural member; the end parts of the force transmission support and the structural member are connected through a spherical hinge, and the spherical hinge and the structural member are eccentrically arranged; the force transmission support of the first bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism is connected with the reaction frame I, and the force transmission support of the second bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism is connected with the axial loading mechanism. The invention can realize the bidirectional buckling boundary condition, reduce the deviation between the test and the boundary condition in the actual structure, and more accurately study the problems related to the crashworthiness of the bidirectional buckling component under the impact load.

Description

Bidirectional eccentric loading device for bending component in drop hammer impact test
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of component disaster simulation devices, and particularly discloses a bidirectional eccentric loading device for a bending component in a drop hammer impact test.
Background
Accidental disasters such as explosion and impact, local or whole deformation of the structural member can be caused by impact load action generated by natural disasters such as earthquake and debris flow, and even the structural member loses bearing capacity to cause structural collapse when serious. The dead weight drop test is to lift a hammer head with a certain mass to a specified height, drop the impact structural member by dead weight of the hammer head, observe the surface damage condition of the structural member after impact, and study indexes such as deformation, impact force and the like of the structural member.
At present, the drop hammer impact test can realize ideal axial compression of the structural member or realize unidirectional eccentric compression through an eccentric ear seat and other modes, and the unidirectional eccentric compression can only lead the structural member to be bent around one centroid main shaft of the cross section. In practical engineering, however, the structural member is often a bidirectional buckling member when bearing non-central load, such as a side column or an angle column, and the bidirectional buckling member is used as a member form widely applied in the structure, and the crashworthiness of the bidirectional buckling member is critical to the safety of the structure. The boundary constraint device in the existing drop hammer impact test is difficult to realize a bidirectional buckling boundary condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bidirectional eccentric loading device for a bending member in a drop hammer impact test, which can enable the bending member to have bending moment effect around two centroid spindles, realize bidirectional bending boundary conditions, reduce deviation between the test and boundary conditions in an actual structure, and more accurately study related problems such as crashworthiness of the bidirectional bending member under the action of impact load.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a bidirectional eccentric loading device of a bending member in a drop hammer impact test, which comprises a bidirectional eccentric restraining mechanism, an axial loading mechanism and a drop hammer, wherein the bidirectional eccentric restraining mechanism is used for being connected with two ends of a structural member, the axial loading mechanism is used for axially loading the structural member, and the drop hammer is used for vertically impacting the structural member; the bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism comprises an upper compression part, a lower compression part, a force transmission support, a spherical hinge, a rolling shaft and a counterforce frame I; the upper pressing piece and the lower pressing piece clamp the force transmission support through a rolling shaft, and the axis of the rolling shaft is perpendicular to the axis of the structural member; the end parts of the force transmission support and the structural member are connected through a spherical hinge, and the spherical hinge and the structural member are eccentrically arranged; the force transmission support of the first bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism is connected with the reaction frame I, and the force transmission support of the second bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism is connected with the axial loading mechanism.
Further, the spherical hinge comprises a sphere, a shell rotationally arranged outside the sphere, a sphere support fixedly connected with the sphere and a shell support connected with the shell; the sphere support is fixedly connected with the force transmission support, and the shell support is fixedly connected with the end part of the structural member.
Further, the sphere support comprises a connecting plate I and a reinforcing rib I for connecting the sphere with the connecting plate I, and the connecting plate I is connected with the force transmission support through a bolt I; the shell support comprises a connecting plate II and a reinforcing rib II for connecting the shell and the connecting plate II, and the connecting plate II is connected with a member end plate welded at the end part of the structural member through a bolt II; the component end plate and the connecting plate II are concentrically arranged and eccentrically arranged with the structural component.
Further, the surface of the sphere and the inner surface of the shell are sprayed with a chromium layer.
Further, the upper compressing piece and the lower compressing piece are connected through a screw rod and a nut, and a base plate is arranged between the nut and the compressing piece.
Further, the lower surface of the upper pressing piece and the upper surface of the lower pressing piece are provided with a detachable roller fixing frame, and the roller is detachably arranged in the detachable roller fixing frame.
Further, a force transmission support of the first bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism is connected with a reaction frame I through a bolt III, and the reaction frame I is anchored into a reserved anchoring hole of the test bed through a bolt IV.
Further, the axial loading mechanism comprises a hydraulic jack and a belleville spring; the cylinder body of the hydraulic jack is arranged in the clamping groove of the reaction frame II, and the piston rod provides axial force for the force transmission support of the second bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism through the disc spring.
Further, a shaft force sensor is arranged between the disc spring and a force transmission support of the second bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the spherical hinge is adopted to connect the end parts of the force transmission support and the structural member, so that the structural member releases the rotation freedom degree of the joint through the spherical hinge, and realizes rotation in different directions, and the spherical hinge and the structural member are eccentrically arranged to convert the axial compression load into the bias load to act on the structural member, thereby realizing the bidirectional buckling boundary condition;
2. the axial loading mechanism transmits acting force to the spherical hinge through the force transmission support, and then the acting force is transmitted to the component through the connecting plate II and the component end plate, so that the loading of the axial force is realized;
3. the upper pressing piece and the lower pressing piece are connected through the screw rod and the nut, and the upper pressing piece and the lower pressing piece clamp the force transmission support, so that the force transmission support is prevented from being separated, jumped and the like at the moment of impact, and the force transmission support, the upper pressing piece, the lower pressing piece and a supporting surface for supporting the lower pressing piece form a whole;
4. the component end plate and the spherical hinge are connected through bolts and then form a whole with the force transmission support, so that the separation, the jump and the like of the structural component in the impact process are avoided, and the length loss of the structural component is also avoided;
5. the invention is suitable for various structural members, including common member types such as steel members, concrete filled steel tubes and the like, and can finish bidirectional eccentric loading of the structural members, namely bidirectional buckling only by adjusting the positions of the end plates of the members according to the requirement of the test eccentricity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a bi-directional eccentric loading device for a buckling member in a drop hammer impact test;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a bi-directional eccentric constraining mechanism;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a force-transmitting support;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a connecting plate II;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the connection of structural members, member end plates and connection plates II;
FIG. 6 is a front view of the hold down;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the side wings on both sides of the upper compression member;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the side wings on both sides of the lower compressing member.
In the figure: 1-a structural member; 2-drop hammer; 3-upper pressing piece; 4-a lower pressing piece; 5-a force transmission support; 6-rolling shafts; 7-a reaction frame I; 8-sphere; 9-a housing; 10-a bolt I; 11-connecting plate II; 12-reinforcing ribs II; 13-component end plates; 14-a bolt II; 15-a screw; 16-nut; 17-backing plate; 18-a detachable roller fixing frame; 19-bolt III; 20-bolt IV; 21-a test stand; 22-hydraulic jack; 23-belleville springs; 24-a reaction frame II; 25-axis force sensor.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment provides a bidirectional eccentric loading device of a bending member in a drop hammer impact test, which comprises a bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism, an axial loading mechanism and a drop hammer 2, wherein the bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism is used for being connected with two ends of a structural member 1, the axial loading mechanism is used for axially loading the structural member 1, and the drop hammer 2 is used for vertically impacting the structural member 1; the bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism comprises an upper pressing piece 3, a lower pressing piece 4, a force transmission support 5, a spherical hinge, a rolling shaft 6 and a counterforce frame I7; the upper pressing piece 3 and the lower pressing piece 4 clamp the force transmission support through the rolling shaft 6, the axis of the rolling shaft 6 is perpendicular to the axis of the structural member 1, and conditions are provided for the transmission of axial force; the force transmission support 5 is connected with the end part of the structural member 1 through a spherical hinge, and the spherical hinge and the structural member 1 are eccentrically arranged; the force transmission support 5 of the first bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism is connected with the reaction frame I7, and the force transmission support 5 of the second bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism is connected with the axial loading mechanism.
Further, the spherical hinge comprises a sphere 8, a shell 9 rotatably arranged outside the sphere 8, a sphere support fixedly connected with the sphere 8 and a shell support connected with the shell 9; the sphere support is fixedly connected with the force transmission support 5, and the shell support is fixedly connected with the end part of the structural member 1.
Further, the sphere support comprises a connecting plate I and a reinforcing rib I for connecting the sphere 8 and the connecting plate I, and the connecting plate I is connected with the force transmission support 5 through a bolt I10; the shell support comprises a connecting plate II 11 and a reinforcing rib II 12 for connecting the shell 9 and the connecting plate II 11, and the connecting plate II 11 is connected with a member end plate 13 welded at the end part of the structural member 1 through a bolt II 14; the component end plate 13 is arranged concentrically with the connecting plate ii 11 and eccentrically with respect to the structural component 1. The structures of the connecting plates I and II are the same, the reinforcing ribs I and II are right-angle trapezoid plates, the short right-angle sides are arc-shaped connected with the sphere 8, and the four reinforcing ribs are mutually perpendicular. The ball body 8, the reinforcing rib I and the connecting plate I are fixedly connected in a welding mode, and the shell 9, the reinforcing rib II 12 and the connecting plate II 11 are fixedly connected in a welding mode. The ball 8, the reinforcing rib I, the connecting plate I, the shell 9, the reinforcing rib II 12 and the connecting plate II 11 realize simple support boundary conditions.
Further, the surface of the sphere 8 and the inner surface of the housing 9 are sprayed with a chromium layer.
Further, the upper pressing member 3 and the lower pressing member 4 are connected by a screw 15 and a nut 16, and a backing plate 17 is provided between the nut 16 and the pressing member.
Further, the lower surface of the upper pressing member 3 and the upper surface of the lower pressing member 4 are provided with a detachable roller fixing frame 18, and the roller 6 is detachably mounted in the detachable roller fixing frame 18.
Further, the force transmission support 5 of the first bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism is connected with the reaction frame I7 through a bolt III 19, and the reaction frame I7 is anchored into a reserved anchoring hole of the test bed 21 through a bolt IV 20.
Further, the axial loading mechanism comprises a hydraulic jack 22 and a belleville spring 23; the cylinder body of the hydraulic jack 22 is arranged in the clamping groove of the counter-force frame II 24, and the piston rod provides axial force to the force transmission support 5 of the second bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism through the disc spring 23.
Further, an axial force sensor 25 is provided between the belleville spring 23 and the force transmission support 5 of the second bi-directional eccentric restraining mechanism.
Further, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, screw grooves through which the screws 15 pass are provided on both side flanks of the pressing member.
The installation method of the bidirectional eccentric loading device of the bending component in the drop hammer impact test is as follows:
1. the bolt holes of the lower pressing piece 4 are aligned with the reserved anchor holes on the supporting surface, then the detachable roller fixing frame 18 and the roller 6 are arranged on the lower pressing piece 4, the force transmission support 5 is arranged on the roller 6 of the lower pressing piece 4, the detachable roller fixing frame 18 and the roller 6 are arranged on the upper surface of the force transmission support 5, the upper pressing piece 3 is arranged, the bolt holes of the upper pressing piece and the lower pressing piece are aligned, the screw 15 is inserted, the backing plate 17 is arranged, the nut 16 is screwed, the force transmission support 5 is connected with the counter-force frame I7 through the bolt III 19, and then the counter-force frame I7 is connected and fixed with the test bench 21 through the bolt IV 20, so that the upper pressing piece 3, the lower pressing piece 4 and the force transmission support 5 cannot be loosened and offset in the impact process;
2. a component end plate 13 is preset at the end part of the structural component 1, the position of the component end plate 13 is determined according to the eccentricity required by the test, the component end plate 13 and the structural component 1 are fixed by welding, a connecting plate I is connected with a force transmission support 5 through a bolt I10, and a connecting plate II 11 is connected with the component end plate 13 through a bolt II 14;
3. an axial loading mechanism is installed.
All components of the device are connected through high-strength bolts, so that the device is convenient to assemble and disassemble, and the test precision and efficiency can be effectively improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. The bidirectional eccentric loading device for the bending member in the drop hammer impact test is characterized by comprising a bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism, an axial loading mechanism and a drop hammer, wherein the bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism is used for being connected with two ends of a structural member, the axial loading mechanism is used for axially loading the structural member, and the drop hammer is used for vertically impacting the structural member;
the bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism comprises an upper pressing piece, a lower pressing piece, a force transmission support, a spherical hinge, a rolling shaft and a counterforce frame I;
the upper pressing piece and the lower pressing piece clamp the force transmission support through a rolling shaft, and the axis of the rolling shaft is perpendicular to the axis of the structural member;
the end parts of the force transmission support and the structural member are connected through a spherical hinge, and the spherical hinge and the structural member are eccentrically arranged;
the force transmission support of the first bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism is connected with the counterforce frame I, and the force transmission support of the second bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism is connected with the axial loading mechanism;
the spherical hinge comprises a sphere, a shell rotationally arranged outside the sphere, a sphere support fixedly connected with the sphere and a shell support connected with the shell;
the sphere support is fixedly connected with the force transmission support, and the shell support is fixedly connected with the end part of the structural member;
the ball support comprises a connecting plate I and a reinforcing rib I for connecting the ball with the connecting plate I, and the connecting plate I is connected with the force transmission support through a bolt I;
the shell support comprises a connecting plate II and a reinforcing rib II for connecting the shell and the connecting plate II, and the connecting plate II is connected with a member end plate welded at the end part of the structural member through a bolt II;
the position of the component end plate is determined according to the eccentric distance required by the test, and the component end plate is arranged concentrically with the connecting plate II and eccentrically with the structural component.
2. The bi-directional eccentric loading device of a buckling member in drop hammer impact test according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the ball and the inner surface of the housing are sprayed with a chromium layer.
3. The bidirectional eccentric loading device for the bending member in the drop hammer impact test according to claim 2, wherein the upper pressing member and the lower pressing member are connected by a screw and a nut, and a backing plate is arranged between the nut and the pressing member.
4. A bi-directional eccentric loading apparatus for a press bending member in a drop hammer impact test according to claim 3, wherein the lower surface of the upper pressing member and the upper surface of the lower pressing member are provided with a detachable roller holder in which the roller is detachably installed.
5. The bidirectional eccentric loading device for a bending member in a drop hammer impact test according to claim 4, wherein the force transmission support of the first bidirectional eccentric restraining mechanism is connected with a reaction frame I through a bolt III, and the reaction frame I is anchored into a reserved anchoring hole of the test stand through a bolt IV.
6. The bi-directional eccentric loading device for a buckling member in drop hammer impact test according to claim 5, wherein the axial loading mechanism comprises a hydraulic jack and a belleville spring;
the cylinder body of the hydraulic jack is arranged in the clamping groove of the reaction frame II, and the piston rod provides axial force for the force transmission support of the second bidirectional eccentric constraint mechanism through the disc spring.
7. The device for bi-directional eccentric loading of a buckling member in a drop hammer impact test as defined in claim 6, wherein an axial force sensor is provided between the belleville spring and the force transmission support of the second bi-directional eccentric restraining mechanism.
CN202110159965.5A 2021-02-05 2021-02-05 Bidirectional eccentric loading device for bending component in drop hammer impact test Active CN112880959B (en)

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CN106124179A (en) * 2016-07-18 2016-11-16 南京林业大学 A kind of bamboo wood bending component bidirectional eccentric charger and installation method
CN109323939A (en) * 2018-11-23 2019-02-12 浙江大学 A kind of dynamic adhesion performance testing device based on Hopkinson pressure bar
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