CN112878986B - Device and method for testing mechanical property and sealing property of cement sheath-formation interface of oil and gas well - Google Patents
Device and method for testing mechanical property and sealing property of cement sheath-formation interface of oil and gas well Download PDFInfo
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- CN112878986B CN112878986B CN202110087604.4A CN202110087604A CN112878986B CN 112878986 B CN112878986 B CN 112878986B CN 202110087604 A CN202110087604 A CN 202110087604A CN 112878986 B CN112878986 B CN 112878986B
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
A device and method for testing the mechanical property and sealing property of a cement sheath-stratum interface of an oil-gas well are characterized in that the device mainly comprises: the device comprises epoxy resin, a columnar stratum core, a connecting sleeve with female threads, a first sleeve, a first clamping end, a cement plug, a high-pressure pipeline with a one-way valve, a second sleeve, a second clamping end, a first male joint, a second common joint and a cement sheath-stratum interface; the tensile strength between the cement sheath and the stratum interface can be measured by applying tensile loads to the first clamping end of the first sleeve and the second clamping end of the second sleeve; simulated formation water and gas are injected between the cement sheath and the formation interface through a displacement pump and a high-pressure pipeline with a one-way valve, and the liquid and gas sealing performance of the cement sheath and the formation interface can be measured; shear strength between the cement sheath-formation interface can be measured by applying a shear load to the first gripping end of the first sleeve and the second gripping end of the second sleeve. The invention is suitable for the technical field of oil and gas well drilling and production engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The patent relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas drilling and production engineering, in particular to a device and a method for testing mechanical properties and sealing properties of a cement sheath-stratum interface of an oil-gas well.
Background
The cement sheath of the high-temperature high-pressure deep oil and gas well is easy to cause the integrity failure of the cement sheath under the complex conditions of high temperature, high pressure, temperature and pressure change and the like generated under the subsequent production working conditions, thereby causing the leakage of formation fluid, series flow and shaft annulus pressure, and bringing serious influence to the safety production of the oil and gas well, in particular to the high-temperature high-pressure high-sulfur gas well. However, literature data suggests that: the mechanical property and the sealing property of the cement sheath interface are main factors for measuring the integrity of the cement sheath, and the integrity directly influences the service life and the development benefit of the oil-gas well. Therefore, the research on the mechanical property and the sealing property of the cement sheath interface and the influence factors thereof has important significance on the accurate evaluation of the integrity of the cement sheath of the high-temperature high-pressure deep oil-gas well.
The cement sheath interface of an oil and gas well includes a casing-cement sheath interface (defined in the art as the first interface) and a cement sheath-formation interface (defined in the art as the second interface). At present, scholars at home and abroad carry out a plurality of researches on the integrity of a casing-cement sheath interface based on theoretical and experimental methods, and the researches mainly comprise the cementing strength and the sealing performance of the casing-cement sheath interface. However, the mechanical properties and sealing properties of the cement sheath-formation interface and the integrity of the cement sheath are rarely studied, and the main reasons include the following two points: 1) a device and a method for testing the mechanical property and the sealing property of a cement sheath-stratum interface, which can truly simulate the actual working conditions, are lacked; 2) because the rock and the set cement are uniform and brittle materials, the rock and the set cement are subjected to brittle fracture and damage, so that the tensile strength, the shear strength and the sealing property of the interface are difficult to accurately measure; 3) the existing test method has poor reproducibility, and a large amount of tests are needed to obtain an acceptable average value and standard deviation, so that the actual rock core is very difficult to obtain.
However, before the oil-gas well cementing operation, the mechanical property and the sealing property of the second interface of the cement sheath are accurately tested, the packing capacity and the integrity of the cement sheath are evaluated, and then, based on the evaluation result, targeted measures are taken in time to ensure the quality and the safety of the engineering, which is very important for safe and efficient production on site.
Therefore, the invention provides a device and a method for testing the mechanical property and the sealing property of the cement sheath-stratum interface of an oil-gas well, aiming at the technical problem that the mechanical property and the sealing property of the cement sheath-stratum interface are difficult to accurately obtain at present, the device and the method can accurately test and obtain the mechanical property and the sealing property of the cement sheath-stratum interface of the oil-gas well under the real working condition, wherein the mechanical property of the interface comprises the tensile strength and the shear strength of the cement sheath-stratum interface, and the sealing property comprises the gas sealing property and the liquid sealing property, so that the device and the method can provide theoretical basis for the optimization of the mechanical property, the sealing property and the integrity of the two interfaces for cementing the oil-gas well and the well cementation design.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for testing the mechanical property and the sealing property of a cement sheath-stratum interface of an oil-gas well, which are simple to use, good in reproducibility and low in cost, and solve the technical problem that the mechanical property and the sealing property of the cement sheath-stratum interface are difficult to accurately test while the integrity of the testing device is kept.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a device for testing the mechanical property and the sealing property of a cement sheath-stratum interface of an oil-gas well, which mainly comprises: the device comprises epoxy resin, a columnar stratum core, a connecting sleeve with female threads, a first sleeve, a first clamping end, a valve, a cement plug, a high-pressure pipeline with a one-way valve, a second sleeve, a second clamping end, a first male connector, a second male connector, a cement ring-stratum interface, a first end surface, a second end surface and a pressure gauge, wherein the left end and the right end of the first sleeve are respectively the first male connector and the first clamping end, and cement paste which is the same as a field cement paste system is poured into the first sleeve and forms the cement plug after waiting for setting; the left end and the right end of the second sleeve are respectively provided with a second clamping end and a second male joint, and the columnar stratum core is firmly bonded with the second sleeve through epoxy resin; the outer diameters of the first sleeve and the second sleeve are equal; the connecting sleeve with the female thread can connect the first sleeve and the second sleeve together through the first male joint and the second male joint, and contact pressure is generated between the first end face of the first sleeve and the second end face of the second sleeve, so that liquid leakage in the cement slurry pouring and coagulation waiting process in the first sleeve is prevented; cement paste in the first sleeve and a columnar stratum core in the second sleeve form a cement sheath-stratum interface in the waiting coagulation process; the axial lengths of the cement plug and the columnar stratum core are equal, the ratio of the axial lengths of the cement plug and the columnar stratum core to the inner diameters of the first sleeve and the second sleeve is larger than 10, and the tensile strength of a cement sheath-stratum interface is far lower than the interfacial shear force between the cement plug and the first sleeve and the interfacial shear force between the columnar stratum core and the second sleeve; the pressure gauge and a high-pressure pipeline with a one-way valve and positioned in the center of the first sleeve and the cement plug are used for detecting the sealing performance of the cement sheath-stratum interface; the first clamping end and the second clamping end are used for detecting the tensile strength and the shear strength between the cement sheath and the stratum interface.
Based on a device for testing the mechanical property and the sealing property of the cement sheath-stratum interface of the oil and gas well, the method for testing the mechanical property and the sealing property of the cement sheath-stratum interface of the oil and gas well is provided, and the method mainly comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fixing a columnar stratum core in the center of the second sleeve, pouring epoxy resin into an annular space between the columnar stratum core and the second sleeve, firmly fixing the columnar stratum core on the inner wall of the second sleeve, and enabling the bottom surface of the columnar stratum core to be flush with the second end face of the second sleeve;
step two: the connecting sleeve with female threads is used for connecting the first sleeve and the second sleeve together through the first male connector and the second male connector, and contact pressure is generated between the first end face and the second end face and is used for preventing liquid leakage in the cement slurry pouring and coagulation waiting process in the first sleeve;
step three: preparing cement paste according to a field cement paste system, pouring the prepared cement paste into the first sleeve, and meanwhile, placing a high-pressure pipeline with a one-way valve at the center positions of the first sleeve and the cement paste;
step four: placing the first sleeve and the cement paste obtained in the third step in a simulated temperature environment for curing, and forming a cement plug after the cement paste is subjected to waiting setting, and forming a cement sheath-stratum interface with the columnar stratum core in the second sleeve;
step five: completely unscrewing the connecting sleeve with the female thread from the first sleeve and the second sleeve, and connecting the first sleeve and the second sleeve only through the cementing strength between the cement sheath and the stratum interface;
step six: fixing the first sleeve and the second sleeve which are connected together to a tensile testing machine, applying tensile load to a first clamping end of the first sleeve and a second clamping end of the second sleeve, and measuring the tensile strength between the cement sheath and the stratum interface;
step seven: step four and step five are repeated, simulated formation water is injected between the cement sheath and the formation interface by a displacement pump through a valve and a high-pressure pipeline with a one-way valve, and the injection pressure is slowly increased until the first drop of water appears at the cement sheath-formation interface, so that the liquid sealing performance of the cement sheath-formation interface is measured;
step eight: and repeating the fourth step and the fifth step, submerging the cement sheath-stratum interface between the first sleeve and the second sleeve under the water level of the pool, and injecting gas (CH) into the space between the cement sheath-stratum interface through a valve and a high-pressure pipeline with a one-way valve by using a displacement pump4、N2、CO2Etc.) and slowly increasing the injection pressure until a first bubble appears at the cement sheath-formation interface, thereby measuring the gas sealing performance of the cement sheath-formation interface;
step nine: and repeating the fourth step and the fifth step, fixing the first sleeve and the second sleeve which are connected together to a shear testing machine, and applying shear load to the first clamping end of the first sleeve and the second clamping end of the second sleeve so as to measure the shear strength between the cement sheath and the stratum interface.
The invention has the following advantages:
the method can accurately obtain the mechanical property and the sealing property of the cement sheath-stratum interface, mainly comprises the tensile strength, the shear strength, the liquid sealing property and the gas sealing property of the cement sheath-stratum interface, and can be used for quantitatively evaluating the mechanical property and the packing capability of the cement sheath-stratum interface; the testing method has good reproducibility, namely the stratum core has high repeated utilization rate, and the technical problem that the mechanical property and the sealing property of the cement sheath-stratum interface are difficult to accurately test is solved; the test result can provide important theoretical basis for the mechanical property and the sealing property of the interface of the high-temperature high-pressure deep well and the ultra-deep well cementing and the optimization of the cementing engineering design.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cement sheath-formation interface mechanical and sealing performance testing apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the connection of the first sleeve and the second sleeve.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first sleeve without grout poured
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a second casing containing a columnar core
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to the attached drawings, the invention provides a device for testing the mechanical property and the sealing property of a cement sheath-stratum interface of an oil-gas well, which mainly comprises: the device comprises epoxy resin 1, a columnar stratum rock core 2, a connecting sleeve 3 with female threads, a first sleeve 4, a first clamping end 5, a valve 6, a cement plug 7, a high-pressure pipeline 8 with a one-way valve, a second sleeve 9, a second clamping end 10, a first male connector 11, a second male connector 12, a cement ring-stratum interface 13, a first end face 14, a second end face 15 and a pressure gauge 16, wherein the left end and the right end of the first sleeve 4 are respectively the first male connector 11 and the first clamping end 5, and cement paste which is the same as a field system is poured into the first sleeve 4 and forms the cement plug 7 after being subjected to coagulation; the left end and the right end of the second sleeve 9 are respectively provided with a second clamping end 10 and a second male joint 12, and the columnar stratum core 2 is firmly bonded with the second sleeve 9 through epoxy resin 1; the first sleeve 4 and the second sleeve 9 have the same outer diameter; the connecting sleeve 3 with the female thread can connect the first sleeve 4 and the second sleeve 9 together through the first male joint 11 and the second male joint 12, and contact pressure is generated between the first end face 14 of the first sleeve 4 and the second end face 15 of the second sleeve 9, so that liquid leakage in cement slurry pouring and setting waiting processes in the first sleeve 4 is prevented; the cement slurry in the first sleeve 4 and the columnar stratum core 2 in the second sleeve 9 form a cement sheath-stratum interface 13 in the coagulation waiting process; the axial lengths of the cement plug 7 and the columnar stratum core 2 are equal, the ratio of the axial lengths of the cement plug 7 and the columnar stratum core 2 to the inner diameters of the first sleeve 4 and the second sleeve 9 is larger than 10, and the tensile strength of a cement sheath-stratum interface 13 is far lower than the interfacial shear force between the cement plug 7 and the first sleeve 4 and the interfacial shear force between the columnar stratum core 2 and the second sleeve 9; the pressure gauge 16 and the high-pressure pipeline 8 with the one-way valve, which is positioned at the center of the first sleeve 4 and the cement plug 7, are used for detecting the sealing performance of the cement sheath-stratum interface 13; the first clamping end 5 and the second clamping end 10 are used for detecting the tensile strength and the shear strength between the cement sheath and the stratum interface 13.
Based on a device for testing the mechanical property and the sealing property of the cement sheath-stratum interface of the oil and gas well, the method for testing the mechanical property and the sealing property of the cement sheath-stratum interface of the oil and gas well is provided, and the method mainly comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fixing the columnar stratum core 2 in the center of the second sleeve 9, pouring epoxy resin 1 into an annular space between the columnar stratum core 2 and the second sleeve 9, firmly fixing the columnar stratum core 2 on the inner wall of the second sleeve 9, and enabling the bottom surface of the columnar stratum core 2 to be flush with the second end face 15 of the second sleeve 9;
step two: the connecting sleeve 3 with female threads is adopted to connect the first sleeve 4 and the second sleeve 9 together through the first male joint 11 and the second male joint 12, and contact pressure is generated between the first end surface 14 and the second end surface 15, so that liquid leakage in cement slurry pouring and setting waiting processes in the first sleeve 4 is prevented;
step three: preparing cement paste according to a field cement paste system, pouring the prepared cement paste into the first sleeve 4, and meanwhile, placing a high-pressure pipeline 8 with a one-way valve at the center positions of the first sleeve 4 and the cement paste;
step four: placing the first sleeve 4 and the cement paste obtained in the third step in a simulated temperature environment for curing, and forming a cement plug 7 when the cement paste is subjected to waiting setting, and forming a cement sheath-stratum interface 13 with the columnar stratum core 2 in the second sleeve 9;
step five: the connecting sleeve 3 with the female thread is completely broken off from the first sleeve 4 and the second sleeve 9, so that the first sleeve 4 and the second sleeve 9 are connected together only through the cementing strength between the cement sheath and the stratum interface 13;
step six: fixing the connected first sleeve 4 and second sleeve 9 in a tensile testing machine, applying tensile load to the first clamping end 5 of the first sleeve 4 and the second clamping end 10 of the second sleeve 9, and measuring the tensile strength between the cement sheath and the stratum interface 13;
step seven: step four and step five are repeated, simulated formation water is injected between the cement sheath-formation interface 13 through the valve 6 and the high-pressure pipeline 8 with the one-way valve by using a displacement pump, and the injection pressure is slowly increased until the first drop of water appears at the cement sheath-formation interface 13, so that the liquid sealing performance of the cement sheath-formation interface 13 is measured;
step eight: repeating the fourth step and the fifth step, submerging the cement sheath-stratum interface 13 between the first sleeve 4 and the second sleeve 9 under the water level of the pool, and injecting gas (CH) into the space between the cement sheath-stratum interface 13 through the valve 6 and the high-pressure pipeline 8 with the one-way valve by using a displacement pump4、N2、CO2Etc.) and slowly increasing the injection pressure until a first bubble appears at the cement sheath-formation interface 13, thereby measuring the gas sealing performance of the cement sheath-formation interface 13;
step nine: and repeating the fourth step and the fifth step, fixing the first sleeve 4 and the second sleeve 9 which are connected together to a shear testing machine, and applying shear load to the first clamping end 5 of the first sleeve 4 and the second clamping end 10 of the second sleeve 9 so as to measure the shear strength between the cement sheath and the stratum interface 13.
Claims (2)
1. An apparatus for testing the mechanical and sealing properties of a cement sheath-formation interface in an oil and gas well, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises epoxy resin (1), a columnar stratum core (2), a connecting sleeve (3) with female threads, a first sleeve (4), a first clamping end (5), a cement plug (7), a unidirectional high-pressure pipeline (8) with a check valve, a second sleeve (9), a second clamping end (10), a first male connector (11), a second male connector (12), a cement ring-stratum interface (13), a first end face (14) and a second end face (15), wherein the left end and the right end of the first sleeve (4) are respectively the first male connector (11) and the first clamping end (5), and the cement plug (7) formed by cement paste waiting for setting is poured in the first sleeve (4); the left end and the right end of the second sleeve (9) are respectively provided with a second clamping end (10) and a second male connector (12), and the columnar stratum core (2) is firmly bonded with the second sleeve (9) through epoxy resin (1); the outer diameters of the first sleeve (4) and the second sleeve (9) are equal; the connecting sleeve (3) with the female thread can connect the first sleeve (4) and the second sleeve (9) together through the first male connector (11) and the second male connector (12), and contact pressure is generated between the first end face (14) of the first sleeve (4) and the second end face (15) of the second sleeve (9) so as to prevent liquid leakage in the cement slurry pouring and setting waiting process in the first sleeve (4); cement slurry in the first sleeve (4) and a columnar stratum core (2) in the second sleeve (9) form a cement sheath-stratum interface (13) in a coagulation waiting process; the axial lengths of the cement plug (7) and the columnar stratum core (2) are equal, the ratio of the axial lengths of the cement plug (7) and the columnar stratum core (2) to the inner diameters of the first sleeve (4) and the second sleeve (9) is larger than 10, and the tensile strength of a cement sheath-stratum interface (13) is far lower than the interfacial shear force between the cement plug (7) and the first sleeve (4) and the interfacial shear force between the columnar stratum core (2) and the second sleeve (9); a pressure gauge (16) and a high-pressure pipeline (8) with a one-way valve, which is positioned at the center of the first sleeve (4), are used for detecting the sealing performance of the cement sheath-stratum interface (13); the first clamping end (5) and the second clamping end (10) are used for detecting the tensile strength and the shear strength between the cement sheath and the stratum interface (13).
2. The method for testing the mechanical performance and the sealing performance of the cement sheath-formation interface of the oil and gas well, which is provided by the device according to the claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fixing a columnar stratum core (2) at the center of a second sleeve (9), pouring epoxy resin (1) into an annular space between the columnar stratum core (2) and the second sleeve (9), firmly fixing the columnar stratum core (2) on the inner wall of the second sleeve (9), and enabling the bottom surface of the columnar stratum core (2) to be flush with a second end face (15) of the second sleeve (9);
step two: a connecting sleeve (3) with female threads is adopted to connect a first sleeve (4) and a second sleeve (9) together through a first male joint (11) and a second male joint (12), and contact pressure is generated between a first end surface (14) and a second end surface (15) to prevent liquid leakage in the cement slurry pouring and coagulation waiting process in the first sleeve (4);
step three: preparing cement paste according to a field cement paste system, pouring the prepared cement paste into the first sleeve (4), and meanwhile, placing a high-pressure pipeline (8) with a one-way valve at the center positions of the first sleeve (4) and the cement paste;
step four: placing the first sleeve (4) and the cement paste obtained in the third step in a simulated temperature environment for curing, and forming a cement plug (7) when the cement paste is in a waiting setting state, and forming a cement sheath-stratum interface (13) with the columnar stratum core (2) in the second sleeve (9);
step five: completely unscrewing the connecting sleeve (3) with the female thread from the first sleeve (4) and the second sleeve (9) so that the first sleeve (4) and the second sleeve (9) are connected together only through the cementing strength between the cement sheath and the stratum interface (13);
step six: fixing the first sleeve (4) and the second sleeve (9) which are connected together to a tensile testing machine, applying tensile load to a first clamping end (5) of the first sleeve (4) and a second clamping end (10) of the second sleeve (9), and measuring the tensile strength between the cement sheath and the stratum interface (13);
step seven: step four and step five are repeated, simulated formation water is injected between the cement sheath-formation interface (13) through a valve (6) and a high-pressure pipeline (8) with a one-way valve by a displacement pump, and the injection pressure is slowly increased until the first drop of water appears at the cement sheath-formation interface (13), so that the liquid sealing performance of the cement sheath-formation interface (13) is measured;
step eight: repeating the fourth step and the fifth step, submerging the cement sheath-stratum interface (13) between the first sleeve (4) and the second sleeve (9) under the water pool liquid level, and injecting N into the space between the cement sheath-stratum interface (13) through a valve (6) and a high-pressure pipeline (8) with a one-way valve by using a displacement pump2And slowly increasing the injection pressure until a first bubble appears at the cement sheath-formation interface (13), thereby measuring the gas sealing performance of the cement sheath-formation interface (13);
step nine: and repeating the fourth step and the fifth step, fixing the first sleeve (4) and the second sleeve (9) which are connected together to a shear testing machine, and applying shear load to the first clamping end (5) of the first sleeve (4) and the second clamping end (10) of the second sleeve (9) so as to measure the shear strength between the cement sheath and the stratum interface (13).
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| CN114459687B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-10-03 | 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 | Mechanical seal test device for oil-gas mixed transportation multiphase medium pump |
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| CN110284534B (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2021-04-23 | 东南大学 | Horizontal load loading device for civil engineering field test |
| CN210981963U (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-07-10 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Core sample structure for testing bonding strength of sprayed concrete and surrounding rock sampled on site |
| CN111707611B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2022-06-14 | 扬州大学 | FRP (fiber reinforced plastic) bar and concrete bonding performance load holding and testing device and using method thereof |
| CN111927435B (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2022-03-25 | 西南石油大学 | High-temperature high-pressure casing cement sheath stratum seal integrity evaluation device and method |
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