CN109342195B - Method for testing bonding strength of first bonding surface of oil well cement - Google Patents
Method for testing bonding strength of first bonding surface of oil well cement Download PDFInfo
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- CN109342195B CN109342195B CN201811296632.1A CN201811296632A CN109342195B CN 109342195 B CN109342195 B CN 109342195B CN 201811296632 A CN201811296632 A CN 201811296632A CN 109342195 B CN109342195 B CN 109342195B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
- G01N2001/366—Moulds; Demoulding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing the bonding strength of a first bonding surface of oil well cement, which comprises the following steps: (1) manufacturing a simulation casing-cement sheath combined structure sample; (2) vertically placing a simulation sleeve-cement sheath combined structure sample, and clamping two ends of the simulation sleeve-cement sheath combined structure sample on a hydraulic tensile testing machine; starting the tester to load slowly and uniformly to obtain a yield load value F, stopping the loading immediately after the test sample is broken, wherein the load value at the moment is the maximum load value FmaxReading the elongation length L of the yielding phase on a force-elongation graph; and calculating the bonding strength between the parallel parts of the cement stone and the metal stretching rod, namely the bonding strength of the first bonding surface of the cement. The cement paste testing device is reliable in principle and simple and convenient to operate, can be used for simultaneously testing the bonding strength and the tensile strength of the set cement, is beneficial to optimizing the formula of the cement paste, obtains a cement paste system meeting the requirements of site construction, and has wide market application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for testing the bonding strength of a first cementing surface of oil well cement in the well cementation process of an oil-gas well in the field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development.
Background
As exploration and development move toward deep formations, well cementing projects face increasingly more serious challenges and problems. The requirements on the integrity of the cement sheath are higher and higher under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure, high acidity, complex load and the like. The well cementation engineering is an important link in well drilling operation and is a key for ensuring normal operation of the follow-up operation in the well, and the strength of a cementing surface of well cementation can directly influence the effective development of an oil-gas well.
For oil and gas wells, the most common failure is the failure of the cement interface; for brittle materials, the bond strength at the interface is generally weaker. The cement material is shrunk in the hardening process, the cement stone shrinkage can reduce the cementing capacity between the cement stone and the casing pipe, and a joint surface (the cementing surface between the casing pipe and the cement stone is called as a joint surface) is easy to damage. The cement sheath cementing surface is damaged by strong impact force brought by later yield increasing measures such as perforation and subsequent large-scale operation. The damage of the cemented surface can cause oil gas channeling, the yield is reduced, and even the scrapping of an oil well occurs.
Along with the increasing of complex wells and special wells, the requirement on the integrity of a cement sheath is higher and higher, and the method is particularly important for testing the breaking strength of a cementing surface of a well cementation. Although scholars at home and abroad carry out certain research on the cementing property of the joint, no method which is simple and easy to operate is available for testing the cementing strength of the cementing surface, and the testing of the cementing strength of the cementing surface has no unified standard, so that the method mainly has the following problems:
(1) most of the existing devices for testing the strength of a cementing surface of a well cementation have the problems of complex structure, large volume, difficulty in real-time operation and the like. For example, although the experimental device and the method for testing the cementing strength of the cement ring and the casing (CN 106593414 a) can simulate the formation pressure, the operation process is complicated, the device is complicated, and it is not convenient and feasible for testing the strength of the cementing surface of a large amount of cement materials in a laboratory.
(2) The strength of the cementing surface can not be measured by only testing the strength of the cementing surface. For example, the cementing strength testing device and method for well cementing cement (CN 105092465A) measures the cementing strength of cement stones by using a conventional extrusion method, although the device is improved, the testing method is single.
(3) Conventional set cement tensile strength tests have few other test methods than split tensile. The split-draw method, because it is an indirect test, has a large deviation in measured strength from the true value. Other tensile tests are complex and difficult to operate, such as an oil well cement high-temperature high-pressure tensile stress strain system and a test method thereof (CN 102401770A), and the stress strain system is used for testing the tensile stress of the set cement, so that the general operability in a laboratory is not realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for testing the bonding strength of the first bonding surface of oil well cement, which has reliable principle and simple and convenient operation, can simultaneously test the bonding strength of cement stone and the tensile strength of materials, is beneficial to optimizing the design of a cement paste formula, so that a cement paste system meeting the field construction requirements is obtained, and has wide market application prospect.
In order to achieve the above technical objects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
The simulation sleeve-cement sheath combined structure sample is placed on a hydraulic tensile testing machine for testing, the sample consists of a metal tensile rod and a cement stone and a PVC pipe which are wrapped outside the metal tensile rod, and an interface between the metal tensile rod and the cement stone simulates a first cementing surface of a well cementation.
The method for testing the bonding strength of the first bonding surface of the oil well cement sequentially comprises the following steps of:
(1) manufacturing a simulation sleeve-cement sheath combined structure sample:
the metal stretching rod is manufactured according to GB/T2975-1998, the cross section of the metal stretching rod is circular, the upper end and the lower end of the metal stretching rod are clamping ends, the middle of the metal stretching rod is a parallel part, the diameter of each clamping end is larger than that of the parallel part, the length of each clamping end is smaller than that of the parallel part, and a transition arc is arranged between each clamping end and the parallel part; vertically fixing the metal stretching rod, coating demolding oil on the outer surface of the lower clamping end, sleeving a PVC1 pipe on the lower clamping end, filling cement slurry into an annular space between the PVC1 pipe and the lower clamping end, and curing at normal temperature to an initial setting state; then coating demoulding oil on the surface of the exposed cement stone, sleeving a PVC2 pipe with the same diameter as that of the PVC1 pipe on the parallel part, continuously filling cement paste into the annular space of the PVC2 pipe and the parallel part, and curing at normal temperature to a final set state; and stripping off the cement stone and the PVC1 pipe wrapped outside the lower clamping end, and leaving the cement stone and the PVC2 pipe wrapped outside the parallel part, so that the manufacturing of the simulation sleeve-cement sheath combined structure sample is completed.
(2) Placing a simulated casing-cement sheath combined structure sample on a hydraulic tensile testing machine (the testing machine is tested according to GB/T16825 and is detected in grade 1 or better than grade 1) to perform a tensile test, and obtaining the bonding strength of the first bonding surface of the oil well cement through data processing, wherein the process comprises the following steps:
1) starting the testing machine, pre-loading a small amount of load, unloading to zero, and checking whether the testing machine works normally;
2) vertically placing a simulation sleeve-cement sheath combined structure sample, and clamping two ends of the simulation sleeve-cement sheath combined structure sample on a hydraulic tensile testing machine;
3) starting the tester, slowly and uniformly loading, keeping the strain rate as constant as possible without exceeding 0.0025/s, carefully observing the rotation of the force measuring pointer and the plotting condition of the plotting device, wherein when a first peak point appears in the plot, the value of the force measuring pointer is the yield load value F; continuing loading, wherein the loading speed can be slightly increased after the yield stage, the loading is stopped immediately after the test sample is broken, and the load value at the moment is the maximum load value Fmax(ii) a The plotting device plots a force-extension curve graph on which the extension length L of the yield phase (phase from the start of loading to the occurrence of the yield load value) is read;
4) the diameter of the parallel part and the wrapped cement stone in the simulated casing-cement sheath combined structure sample is P, and the bonding strength between the cement stone and the parallel part of the metal stretching rod, namely the bonding strength M of the first bonding surface of the cement, is calculated by the following formula:
the tensile strength of the set cement can be obtained by the method, and the process is as follows: respectively clamping the metal stretching rod and the simulation sleeve-cement sheath combined structure sample in a hydraulic type stretching testing machine for a stretching experiment to obtain the maximum load value F of the metal stretching rod and the simulation sleeve-cement sheath combined structure samplemaxUsing the tensile strength R ═ Fmax(S is the cross-sectional area of the parallel part of the metal stretching rod or the cross-sectional area of the parallel part of the simulated casing-cement sheath combined structure sample and the wrapped cement stone) respectively calculating the original tensile strength of the metal stretching rod and the simulated casing-cement sheathThe tensile strength of the combined structure sample simulates the difference value between the tensile strength of the sleeve-cement sheath combined structure sample and the original tensile strength of the metal stretching rod, and the difference value is the tensile strength of the set cement.
The contact surface of the metal stretching rod and the cement is washed by the drilling fluid, the flushing fluid and the spacer fluid in advance for 3-5 minutes in sequence so as to simulate the actual working condition that the drilling fluid is attached to the first cementing surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the actual production condition and the experimental measurement condition are comprehensively considered, and the design and processing can be carried out according to the actual specification size proportion, so that the equivalent sample model of the next junction surface under the actual working condition is closer;
(2) in a simulated casing-cement sheath combined structure sample, multiple underground influence factors such as the influence of a filter cake and drilling fluid and the coupling effect of the filter cake and the drilling fluid on a joint surface are fully considered;
(3) different from the conventional evaluation method of the strength of the static cemented surface, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the cementing strength is tested by using a direct stretching method, and the result is more real and reliable;
(4) the cement slurry tensile strength testing device can be used for testing the cementing strength of the first cementing surface of a well cementation, can also test the tensile strength of set cement through direct stretching, is convenient and simple, is beneficial to optimizing the formula of the cement slurry, and obtains a cement slurry system meeting the requirements of site construction;
(5) the sample preparation is simple and convenient, the test is easy, the experimental error is small, and the repeatability is good.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the manufacturing process of a sample simulating the casing-cement sheath composite structure.
Fig. 2 shows a fabricated sample of a simulated casing-cement sheath composite structure.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures.
See fig. 1. (a) The method comprises the following steps And (3) coating demolding oil on the periphery from the lower clamping end of the stretching rod to the radian connecting part. (b) The method comprises the following steps And sleeving a PVC1 pipe on the lower clamping end (the diameter of the PVC1 pipe is larger than that of the lower clamping end, and the height of the PVC1 pipe is slightly higher than the transition arc radian joint of the lower clamping end and the parallel part), injecting cement paste into the annular space between the PVC1 pipe and the lower clamping end, and curing at normal temperature until initial setting. (c) The method comprises the following steps And (3) coating demolding oil on the surface of the exposed cement stone, fixing a PVC2 pipe outside the parallel part, injecting cement slurry into the annular space of the PVC2 pipe and the parallel part, and curing to final set. (d) The method comprises the following steps And removing the PVC1 pipe and the wrapped cement paste.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 shows a completed sample of a simulated casing-cement sheath composite structure.
The method for testing the bonding strength of the first bonding surface of the oil well cement sequentially comprises the following steps of:
1. preparing a sample:
(1) coating demoulding oil on the surface of the lower clamping end of the metal stretching rod, sleeving a PVC1 pipe on the surface of the metal stretching rod, pouring cement slurry into the annular cavity of the PVC1 pipe and the lower clamping end, and solidifying at normal temperature;
(2) continuously coating demoulding oil on the upper surface of the set cement, sleeving a PVC2 pipe with the diameter completely consistent with that of a PVC1 pipe on the parallel part in the middle of the metal stretching rod, filling cement slurry in an annular space between the PVC2 pipe and the parallel part, and maintaining to a final setting state;
(3) removing the cement stones wrapped by the first section of PVC1 pipe and the PVC1 pipe, and leaving the cement stones and the PVC2 pipe wrapped by the parallel parts to obtain a simulation casing-cement sheath combined structure sample;
2. and (3) testing:
(1) the hydraulic tester is started, preloaded by a small amount and then unloaded to zero to check whether the tester is working properly and to test the original cross-sectional area S of the parallel portion of the metal stretching rod0;
(2) Clamping a metal stretching rod used for comparison on a hydraulic stretching tester;
(3) and opening the hydraulic testing machine to slowly load (load at a loading rate of 6-60 MPa/s before yielding), and observing the rotation of the force measuring pointer and the drawing condition of the drawing device. When the yield stage is reached, capturing the yield load value F0Stopping the test piece immediately after the test piece is broken, and recording the maximum load valueUsing formulasCalculating the original tensile strength R of the metal stretching rod0;
(4) Testing the cross-sectional area S of the parallel part of the simulation casing-cement sheath combined structure sample and the wrapped cement stone1And diameter P1Vertically clamping two ends of the sample on a hydraulic tensile testing machine, loading and recording a yield load value F1Obtaining a force-extension curve diagram, and reading the extension length L of the yield stage on the curve diagram1;
(5) Continuously loading, and recording the maximum load value of the sample simulating the casing-cement sheath combined structureUsing formulasCalculating the tensile strength R of the sample simulating the casing-cement sheath combined structure1;
(6) The collected data is processed and analyzed by data software on a computer through a formulaCalculating the bonding strength between the cement stone and the parallel part in the sample simulating the casing-cement sheath combined structure, namely the bonding strength M of the first bonding surface of the cement1;
(7) The tensile strength of the set cement is represented by R1-R0And (6) calculating.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that: modifications may be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. The method for testing the bonding strength of the first bonding surface of the oil well cement sequentially comprises the following steps of:
(1) manufacturing a simulation sleeve-cement sheath combined structure sample:
manufacturing a metal stretching rod, wherein the cross section of the metal stretching rod is circular, the upper end and the lower end of the metal stretching rod are clamping ends, the middle of the metal stretching rod is a parallel part, the diameter of each clamping end is larger than that of the parallel part, the length of each clamping end is smaller than that of the parallel part, and a transition arc is arranged between each clamping end and the parallel part; vertically fixing the metal stretching rod, coating demolding oil on the outer surface of the lower clamping end, sleeving a PVC1 pipe on the lower clamping end, filling cement slurry into an annular space between the PVC1 pipe and the lower clamping end, and curing at normal temperature to an initial setting state; then coating demoulding oil on the surface of the exposed cement stone, sleeving a PVC2 pipe with the same diameter as that of the PVC1 pipe on the parallel part, continuously filling cement paste into the annular space of the PVC2 pipe and the parallel part, and curing at normal temperature to a final set state; stripping off the cement stone and the PVC1 pipe wrapped outside the clamping end, leaving the cement stone and the PVC2 pipe wrapped outside the parallel part, and finishing the manufacturing of the simulation sleeve-cement sheath combined structure sample;
(2) placing a simulation casing pipe-cement sheath combined structure sample on a hydraulic tensile testing machine for tensile test, and obtaining the bonding strength of the first bonding surface of oil well cement through data processing, wherein the process is as follows:
1) starting the testing machine, pre-loading a small amount of load, unloading to zero, and checking whether the testing machine works normally;
2) vertically placing a simulation sleeve-cement sheath combined structure sample, and clamping two ends of the simulation sleeve-cement sheath combined structure sample on a hydraulic tensile testing machine;
3) starting the tester, slowly and uniformly loading, wherein the strain rate is not more than 0.0025/s, observing the rotation of the force measuring pointer and the plotting condition of the plotting device, and when a first peak point appears in the plot, the value of the force measuring pointer is the yield load value F; continuing to load, stopping loading immediately after the sample is broken, wherein the load value at the moment is the maximum load value Fmax(ii) a The drawing device draws a force-extension curve chart, and the extension length L of the yield stage is read on the graph;
4) the diameter of the parallel part and the wrapped cement stone in the simulated casing-cement sheath combined structure sample is P, and the bonding strength between the cement stone and the parallel part of the metal stretching rod, namely the bonding strength M of the first bonding surface of the cement, is calculated by the following formula:
2. the method for testing the bonding strength of a first cementing surface of oil-well cement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the contact surface of the metal tensile bar and the cement is previously flushed with a drilling fluid, a flushing fluid and a spacer fluid for 3 to 5 minutes in sequence.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the tensile strength of the set cement is determined by the following steps: respectively clamping the metal stretching rod and the simulation sleeve-cement sheath combined structure sample in a hydraulic type stretching testing machine for a stretching experiment to obtain the maximum load value F of the metal stretching rod and the simulation sleeve-cement sheath combined structure samplemaxUsing the tensile strength R ═ FmaxAnd S is the cross section area of the parallel part of the metal stretching rod or the cross section area of the parallel part of the simulated sleeve-cement sheath combined structure sample and the wrapped cement stone.
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