CN112878917B - Self-adaptive cutting tooth and PDC drill bit - Google Patents
Self-adaptive cutting tooth and PDC drill bit Download PDFInfo
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- CN112878917B CN112878917B CN202110067800.5A CN202110067800A CN112878917B CN 112878917 B CN112878917 B CN 112878917B CN 202110067800 A CN202110067800 A CN 202110067800A CN 112878917 B CN112878917 B CN 112878917B
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- diamond layer
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
- E21B10/43—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits characterised by the arrangement of teeth or other cutting elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/62—Drill bits characterised by parts, e.g. cutting elements, which are detachable or adjustable
Abstract
This specification discloses a self-adaptation cutting tooth and PDC drill bit, this self-adaptation cutting tooth includes: a polycrystalline diamond layer; the telescopic rod is provided with a first end and a second end along the axial direction, and the first end is connected with the polycrystalline diamond layer; a base for receiving at least a portion of the telescoping pole, the base and telescoping pole defining a first cavity and a second cavity spaced apart, the first cavity being adjacent the first end and the second cavity being adjacent the second end; the elastic piece is arranged in the first cavity, the elastic piece has a first state and a second state, the height of the polycrystalline diamond layer when the elastic piece is located in the second state is higher than that of the polycrystalline diamond layer when the elastic piece is located in the first state, and the elastic piece can be switched between the first state and the second state; a non-Newtonian fluid disposed within the second cavity. The self-adaptive cutting teeth and the PDC drill bit provided by the specification can enhance the stability and the impact resistance of the drill bit and the capability of penetrating through soft and hard staggered complex strata, prolong the service life of the drill bit and reduce the drilling cost.
Description
Technical Field
The specification relates to the technical field of drill bits, in particular to a self-adaptive cutting tooth and a PDC drill bit.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
PDC bits (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact bits) are a new type of drilling tools developed along with the development of composite materials, and such bits have a long service life and significantly improved drilling efficiency. However, the performance of polycrystalline diamond compacts (PDC cutters) limits the range of PDC bits, and PDC cutters are only suitable for efficient drilling of soft to medium-hard formations.
A great deal of research is carried out on the aspects of the bit technology of hard stratum, abrasive stratum, hard-to-drill heterogeneous stratum and the like in deep stratum drilling, and therefore novel PDC cutting teeth are generated. Improvements in the new PDC cutter include the following: firstly, the working performance and service life indexes (such as abrasion ratio, surface roughness and impact resistance) and process performance indexes (such as thermal stability) of the composite sheet are improved; secondly, the structure of the composite sheet is changed, such as thickening the composite sheet and developing a composite sheet with a non-planar cross-over surface structure; and thirdly, the shapes of the composite sheet are changed, such as wedge-shaped teeth, rectangular teeth and ball head teeth. The PDC drill bit can adapt to hard formations, abrasive formations and hard-to-drill heterogeneous formations through the improvement.
During drilling, the lithology of different well sections is greatly different, and different drill bits are generally required to be used, so that the drilling cost is increased. In addition, in the drilling process of a complex stratum with staggered hardness and hardness, the PDC drill bit has the problems of serious impact damage failure, low mechanical drilling speed, poor stability and the like.
It should be noted that the above background description is only for the convenience of clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the present specification and for the understanding of those skilled in the art. Such solutions are not considered to be known to the person skilled in the art merely because they have been set forth in the background section of the present specification.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, it is an object of the present disclosure to provide an adaptive cutter and PDC bit that enhances bit stability, shock resistance, and the ability to traverse hard and soft interbedded complex formations, extending bit life, and reducing drilling costs.
To achieve the above object, embodiments of the present specification provide an adaptive cutting tooth including:
a polycrystalline diamond layer;
the telescopic rod is provided with a first end and a second end along the axial direction, and the first end is connected with the polycrystalline diamond layer;
a base for receiving at least a portion of the extension pole, the base defining a first cavity and a second cavity spaced apart from the extension pole, the first cavity being proximate the first end and the second cavity being proximate the second end;
an elastic member disposed in the first cavity, the elastic member having a first state and a second state, a height of the polycrystalline diamond layer when the elastic member is in the second state being greater than a height of the polycrystalline diamond layer when the elastic member is in the first state, the elastic member being switchable between the first state and the second state;
a non-Newtonian fluid disposed within the second cavity.
As a preferred embodiment, the telescopic rod has a first rod part and a second rod part which are connected in an axial direction, an end of the first rod part facing away from the second rod part is connected to the polycrystalline diamond layer, an end of the first rod part facing the second rod part has an annular mounting surface, and the annular mounting surface and the base form the first cavity.
As a preferred embodiment, a first groove is formed at one end of the pedestal facing the polycrystalline diamond layer, and the annular mounting surface, a wall surface of the first groove, and a circumferential surface of the second rod portion form the first cavity.
In a preferred embodiment, the first rod part and the second rod part are coaxially arranged, and the diameter of the first rod part is larger than that of the second rod part.
In a preferred embodiment, the base is provided with a central hole for the second rod part to pass through, and a sealing ring is arranged between the central hole and the second rod part.
In a preferred embodiment, an end of the base facing the polycrystalline diamond layer is connected to the circumferential surface of the first rod, and an end of the base facing away from the polycrystalline diamond layer forms the second cavity.
As a preferred embodiment, a second groove is formed in one end, opposite to the polycrystalline diamond layer, of the base, and the second groove is connected with a cylinder sleeve; and a third groove is formed in one end, facing the polycrystalline diamond layer, of the cylinder sleeve, and the wall surface of the third groove and the wall surface of the second groove form the second cavity.
In a preferred embodiment, a piston is disposed in the second cavity, the piston is fixedly connected to the second rod, and the piston is provided with a through hole extending in the axial direction for the non-newtonian fluid to flow through.
In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of through holes are uniformly arranged on the piston along the circumferential direction, and the diameter of the piston is smaller than that of the second cavity.
Embodiments of the present description provide a PDC drill bit, including main cutting tooth and self-adaptation cutting tooth, the self-adaptation cutting tooth sets up main cutting tooth rear side, the self-adaptation cutting tooth includes:
a polycrystalline diamond layer;
the telescopic rod is provided with a first end and a second end along the axial direction, and the first end is connected with the polycrystalline diamond layer;
a base for receiving at least a portion of the extension pole, the base defining a first cavity and a second cavity spaced apart from the extension pole, the first cavity being proximate the first end and the second cavity being proximate the second end;
an elastic member disposed in the first cavity, the elastic member having a first state and a second state, a height of the polycrystalline diamond layer when the elastic member is in the second state being greater than a height of the polycrystalline diamond layer when the elastic member is in the first state, the elastic member being switchable between the first state and the second state;
a non-Newtonian fluid disposed within the second cavity.
Has the advantages that: the self-adaptive cutting tooth provided by the embodiment of the specification can automatically adjust the telescopic length according to the hardness degree of a stratum and can adaptively adjust the exposure height of the self-adaptive cutting tooth by arranging the telescopic rod and the elastic piece. The self-adaptive cutting teeth are arranged on the rear side of the main cutting teeth of the PDC drill bit. Under the condition of the same drilling pressure, the PDC drill bit has larger depth of being penetrated into the stratum in the soft stratum, the compression surface of the rear row of teeth is increased and is in a contraction state, and the cutting amount of the main cutting teeth in the drilling process of the soft stratum is not influenced; in a hard stratum, the PDC drill bit has small depth of being eaten into the stratum, the compression surface of the rear row of teeth is reduced and is in an extending state, the cutting amount of the main cutting teeth is limited, the torque is stabilized, and the rotation is prevented.
When the self-adaptive cutting teeth enter a hard stratum from a soft stratum, the self-adaptive cutting teeth stretch out to bear part of drilling pressure and torque, so that the main cutting teeth can be protected, and the main cutting teeth are prevented from being damaged due to failure and influencing subsequent drilling. When the soft stratum enters the hard stratum, the self-adaptive cutting teeth shrink, the cutting amount of the main cutting teeth in the soft stratum drilling process is not influenced, and the cutting efficiency is improved. The non-Newtonian fluid in the second cavity can play a role in protecting the main cutting teeth, the main cutting teeth are prevented from suddenly meeting a hard stratum, the self-adaptive cutting teeth cannot shrink instantly, most impact force can be shared, and the service life of the drill bit is prolonged. The non-Newtonian fluid forms a 'speed bump', which is strong when meeting the strong condition and weak when meeting the weak condition, and is hardened by suddenly applying a large force to share most of the impact force, thereby prolonging the service life of the drill bit.
The self-adaptive cutting teeth and the PDC drill bit provided by the embodiment of the specification can balance the drilling efficiency in the soft and hard staggered complex stratum, improve the average mechanical drilling speed of the whole well section, and have the advantages of enhancing the stability and the impact resistance of the drill bit and the capability of penetrating the soft and hard staggered complex stratum, prolonging the service life of the drill bit and reducing the drilling cost.
Specific embodiments of the present specification are disclosed in detail with reference to the following description and the accompanying drawings, which specify the manner in which the principles of the specification may be employed. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present description are not so limited in scope.
Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments, in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used herein, is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps or components.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present specification or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present specification, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an adaptive cutting tooth provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the resilient member of FIG. 1 in a second state;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the elastomeric member of FIG. 1 in a first state;
FIG. 4 is another cross-sectional view from a perspective of the elastic member of FIG. 1 in a first state;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a polycrystalline diamond layer and a telescopic rod provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a base provided in embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a cylinder liner construction provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a piston provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9 is a top view of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a PDC bit provided in an embodiment of the present description.
Description of reference numerals:
100. self-adaptive cutting teeth; 200. a main cutting tooth; 1. a polycrystalline diamond layer; 2. a telescopic rod; 21. a first rod portion; 22. a second rod portion; 23. an annular mounting surface; 24. a hexagonal socket hole; 3. an elastic member; 4. a base; 41. a first groove; 42. a central bore; 43. a second groove; 44. an annular groove; 5. a seal ring; 6. a piston; 61. a through hole; 62. a screw mounting hole; 63. a threaded hole; 7. a socket head cap screw; 8. a cylinder liner; 81. a third groove; 9. a first cavity; 10. a second cavity.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present specification, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present specification, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present specification without any creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present specification.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this specification belongs. The terminology used in the description of the specification herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the specification. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Please refer to fig. 1 to 4. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an adaptive cutting tooth 100, where the adaptive cutting tooth 100 may include a polycrystalline diamond layer 1, a telescopic rod 2, a base 4, an elastic member 3, and a non-newtonian fluid.
Wherein the telescopic rod 2 has a first end and a second end along the axial direction. The first end is connected to the polycrystalline diamond layer 1. The base 4 is used for accommodating at least part of the telescopic rod 2. The base 4 and the telescopic rod 2 form a first cavity 9 and a second cavity 10 which are separated. The first cavity 9 is close to the first end and the second cavity 10 is close to the second end. The elastic element 3 is arranged in the first cavity 9. The elastic member 3 has a first state and a second state. The height of the polycrystalline diamond layer 1 when the elastic member 3 is in the second state is higher than the height of the polycrystalline diamond layer 1 when the elastic member 3 is in the first state. The elastic part 3 can be switched between the first state and the second state, so that the telescopic rod 2 moves along the axial direction. The non-Newtonian fluid is disposed within the second cavity 10.
According to the self-adaptive cutting tooth 100 provided by the embodiment of the specification, by arranging the telescopic rod 2 and the elastic piece 3, the telescopic length can be automatically adjusted according to the hardness of the stratum, and the exposure height of the self-adaptive cutting tooth 100 can be adaptively adjusted. The adaptive cutter 100 may be disposed aft of the PDC bit primary cutter 200. Under the condition of the same drilling pressure, the PDC drill bit has larger depth of being penetrated into the stratum in the soft stratum, the compression surface of the rear row of teeth is increased and is in a contraction state, and the cutting amount of the main cutting teeth 200 in the soft stratum drilling process is not influenced; in a hard stratum, the PDC drill bit has small depth of being eaten into the stratum, the compression surface of the rear row of teeth is reduced and is in an extending state, the cutting amount of the main cutting teeth 200 is limited, the torque is stabilized, and the rotation is prevented.
When the soft formation enters the hard formation, as shown in fig. 2, the adaptive cutting tooth 100 extends out to bear part of the bit pressure and the torque, so that the main cutting tooth 200 can be protected, and the main cutting tooth 200 is prevented from being damaged due to failure and influencing subsequent drilling. When the hard formation enters the soft formation, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the adaptive cutting teeth 100 shrink, so that the cutting amount of the main cutting teeth 200 in the drilling process of the soft formation is not influenced, and the cutting efficiency is improved. The non-Newtonian fluid in the second cavity 10 may act to protect the primary cutter 200 from sudden hard formation, the adaptive cutter 100 may not shrink instantaneously, and may share most of the impact force, extending the life of the drill bit. The non-Newtonian fluid forms a 'speed bump', which is strong when meeting the strong condition and weak when meeting the weak condition, and is hardened by suddenly applying a large force to share most of the impact force, thereby prolonging the service life of the drill bit.
The self-adaptive cutting tooth 100 provided by the embodiment of the specification can balance the drilling efficiency in a soft and hard staggered complex stratum, improve the average mechanical drilling speed of the whole well section, and has the advantages of enhancing the stability and impact resistance of a drill bit and the capability of penetrating the soft and hard staggered complex stratum, prolonging the service life of the drill bit and reducing the drilling cost.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, one end of the polycrystalline diamond layer 1 away from the telescopic rod 2 protrudes outwards, and may be in a conical shape or a hemispherical shape, so as to assist the main cutting tooth 200 in cutting a surface to be cut. The telescopic rod 2 has a first rod part 21 and a second rod part 22 connected in the axial direction. One end of the first rod part 21, which faces away from the second rod part 22, is connected to the polycrystalline diamond layer 1, one end of the first rod part 21, which faces the second rod part 22, is provided with an annular mounting surface 23, and the annular mounting surface 23 and the base 4 form the first cavity 9.
Specifically, the first rod portion 21 and the second rod portion 22 are coaxially disposed. Preferably, the polycrystalline diamond layer 1 is disposed coaxially with both the first rod portion 21 and the second rod portion 22. The diameter of the first shank portion 21 is larger than the diameter of the second shank portion 22 so that the end of the first shank portion 21 facing the second shank portion 22 may have an annular mounting surface 23. The telescopic rod 2 is generally T-shaped, and the first rod portion 21 and the second rod portion 22 may be cylindrical.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, an end of the base 4 facing the polycrystalline diamond layer 1 is provided with a first groove 41, which may be used to accommodate the first rod 21 and the elastic member 3. The annular mounting surface 23, the wall surface of the first recess 41 and the circumferential surface of the second rod portion 22 form the first cavity 9.
Specifically, the elastic element 3 is sleeved outside the second rod portion 22 and is located in the first cavity 9. The elastic member 3 may comprise two circular cones so that the diameter of the two ends is smaller than the diameter of the middle section. The elastic element 3 can be sleeved in the second rod part 22, is arranged at the connecting position of the second rod part 22 and the first rod part 21, and is positioned in the first cavity 9. The elastic member 3 may also be an annular spring or other structures. The elastic member 3 has a function of expanding and contracting so as to be switchable between a first state and a second state. In a possible embodiment, the first state can be considered to be a compressed state and the second state is an original state in which the elastic element 3 is not acted upon by an external force.
When the soft stratum enters the hard stratum, the elastic part 3 stretches and is switched to the second state, so that the self-adaptive cutting tooth 100 stretches out to bear part of drilling pressure and torque, the main cutting tooth 200 can be protected, and the main cutting tooth 200 is prevented from being damaged due to failure and influencing subsequent drilling; when the hard stratum enters the soft stratum, the elastic part 3 contracts and is switched to the first state, so that the self-adaptive cutting tooth 100 contracts, the cutting amount of the main cutting tooth 200 in the soft stratum drilling process is not influenced, and the cutting efficiency is improved.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the base 4 is provided with a center hole 42 through which the second lever portion 22 passes. A sealing ring 5 is arranged between the central hole 42 and the second rod part 22, so that the first cavity 9 and the second cavity 10 are better isolated, and the non-Newtonian fluid in the second cavity 10 is prevented from flowing out. The base 4 may be provided with an annular groove 44 for mounting the sealing ring 5.
In this embodiment, an end of the pedestal 4 facing the polycrystalline diamond layer 1 is connected to the circumferential surface of the first rod 21, that is, a side wall surface of the first groove 41 may contact and connect with the circumferential surface of the first rod 21. The end of the base 4 facing away from the polycrystalline diamond layer 1 forms the second cavity 10.
Specifically, a second groove 43 is formed at one end of the base 4, which faces away from the polycrystalline diamond layer 1. The second recess 43 is connected to the cylinder liner 8. The cylinder sleeve 8 may be sleeved on an end of the base 4 facing away from the polycrystalline diamond layer 1. The cylinder liner 8 and the base 4 may be connected by threads. As shown in fig. 7, one end of the cylinder liner 8 facing the polycrystalline diamond layer 1 may be provided with a third groove 81. The wall surface of the third groove 81 and the wall surface of the second groove 43 form the second cavity 10.
In this embodiment, a piston 6 may be disposed in the second cavity 10. The piston 6 is fixedly connected to the second shaft 22, for example by screwing, and is fixed by means of socket head cap screws 7. Specifically, as shown in fig. 5 and 8, the second rod 22 has a thread and a radial hexagonal socket 24 on the circumferential surface thereof located in the second cavity 10, the piston 6 has an axially extending threaded hole 63 matching with the thread on the circumferential surface of the second rod 22, and the piston 6 has a radially extending screw mounting hole 62, so that the piston 6 can be connected to the second rod by the thread and fixed by the hexagonal socket screw 7. The piston 6 is fixedly connected to the second rod 22 so as to be axially movable with the telescopic rod 2. Except the piston 6, the second cavity 10 is filled with non-Newtonian fluid, so that the capability of the drill bit for penetrating soft and hard interlaced complex strata can be improved.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, the piston 6 is provided with a through hole 61 extending in the axial direction for the non-newtonian fluid to flow through. In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of through holes 61 are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction on the piston 6. The number of the through holes 61 can be an even number of 2, 4, 6 and the like, and the through holes are symmetrically arranged, so that the pistons 6 are placed in the second cavities 10 to be eccentrically worn. The diameter of the piston 6 is slightly smaller than that of the second cavity 10, so that the piston 6 is in clearance fit with the second cavity 10.
In the present embodiment, when the elastic member 3 is in the first state, the adaptive cutting tooth 100 may have a certain exposure height, and the exposure height may be adjusted according to actual needs; it can be fully retracted without exposed height. The exposure height is a height exposed to the drill mounting surface. When the resilient member 3 is in the second state, the adaptive cutting tooth 100 may be substantially flush with the exposed height of the leading row of primary cutting teeth 200.
The height range of the first cavity 9 has a corresponding value range according to the diameter and exposed height of the front row of main cutting teeth 200. Specifically, when the diameter of the main cutting tooth 200 is 19mm, the height of the first cavity 9 is 6-9 mm; when the diameter of the main cutting tooth 200 is 16mm, the height of the first cavity 9 is 4.5-7.5 mm; the height of the first cavity 9 is 3-6mm when the diameter of the main cutting tooth 200 is 13 mm.
As shown in FIG. 10, embodiments herein also provide a PDC drill bit including a primary cutter 200 and an adaptive cutter 100. The adaptive cutting tooth 100 is disposed at the rear side of the main cutting tooth 200 to assist in rock breaking. Here, "rear" means that the main cutter 200 contacts the surface to be cut first and the adaptive cutter 100 contacts the surface to be cut later in the direction of rotation of the drill bit during drilling. The primary cutting tooth 200 may be a conventional cylindrical cutting tooth. The adaptive cutting tooth 100 may be the adaptive cutting tooth 100 in any of the above embodiments, and the technical problem solved by the adaptive cutting tooth 100 can be achieved, so that the technical effect of the adaptive cutting tooth 100 is correspondingly achieved, and detailed description of the present application is omitted here.
Specifically, after the adaptive cutter 100 is assembled, the outer surface of the base 4 is embedded into a hole reserved in the PDC drill bit, and the adaptive cutter 100 may be fixed by brazing.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present specification, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and for distinguishing similar objects, and no order is present therebetween, and no indication or suggestion of relative importance is to be made. Further, in the description of the present specification, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
Any numerical value recited herein includes all values from the lower value to the upper value, in increments of one unit, provided that there is a separation of at least two units between any lower value and any higher value. For example, if it is stated that the number of a component or a value of a process variable (e.g., temperature, pressure, time, etc.) is from 1 to 90, preferably from 20 to 80, and more preferably from 30 to 70, it is intended that equivalents such as 15 to 85, 22 to 68, 43 to 51, 30 to 32 are also expressly enumerated in this specification. For values less than 1, one unit is suitably considered to be 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1. These are only examples of what is intended to be explicitly recited, and all possible combinations of numerical values between the lowest value and the highest value that are explicitly recited in the specification in a similar manner are to be considered.
Unless otherwise indicated, all ranges include the endpoints and all numbers between the endpoints. The use of "about" or "approximately" with a range applies to both endpoints of the range. Thus, "about 20 to about 30" is intended to cover "about 20 to about 30", including at least the endpoints specified.
All articles and references disclosed, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. The term "consisting essentially of …" describing a combination shall include the identified element, ingredient, component or step as well as other elements, ingredients, components or steps that do not materially affect the basic novel characteristics of the combination. The use of the terms "comprising" or "including" to describe combinations of elements, components, or steps herein also contemplates embodiments that consist essentially of such elements, components, or steps. By using the term "may" herein, it is intended to indicate that any of the described attributes that "may" include are optional.
A plurality of elements, components, parts or steps can be provided by a single integrated element, component, part or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, component, part or step may be divided into separate plural elements, components, parts or steps. The disclosure of "a" or "an" to describe an element, ingredient, component or step is not intended to foreclose other elements, ingredients, components or steps.
It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Many embodiments and many applications other than the examples provided will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading the above description. The scope of the present teachings should, therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description, but should instead be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. The disclosures of all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. The omission in the foregoing claims of any aspect of subject matter that is disclosed herein is not intended to forego such subject matter, nor should the inventors be construed as having contemplated such subject matter as being part of the disclosed subject matter.
Claims (10)
1. An adaptive cutting tooth, comprising:
a polycrystalline diamond layer;
the telescopic rod is provided with a first end and a second end along the axial direction, and the first end is connected with the polycrystalline diamond layer;
a base for receiving at least a portion of the extension pole, the base and the extension pole defining a first cavity and a second cavity that are spaced apart, the first end being located within the first cavity and the second end being located within the second cavity;
an elastic member disposed in the first cavity, the elastic member having a first state and a second state, a height of the polycrystalline diamond layer when the elastic member is in the second state being greater than a height of the polycrystalline diamond layer when the elastic member is in the first state, the elastic member being switchable between the first state and the second state;
a non-Newtonian fluid disposed within the second cavity.
2. The adaptive cutting tooth according to claim 1, wherein the telescoping rod has a first rod portion and a second rod portion connected in an axial direction, an end of the first rod portion facing away from the second rod portion is connected to the polycrystalline diamond layer, an end of the first rod portion facing the second rod portion has an annular mounting surface, and the annular mounting surface and the base form the first cavity.
3. The adaptive cutting tooth according to claim 2, wherein a first groove is formed at an end of the base facing the polycrystalline diamond layer, and the annular mounting surface, a wall surface of the first groove, and a circumferential surface of the second shank form the first cavity.
4. The adaptive cutting tooth according to claim 2, wherein the first shank portion and the second shank portion are coaxially disposed, the first shank portion having a diameter greater than a diameter of the second shank portion.
5. The adaptive cutting tooth according to claim 2, wherein said base is provided with a central bore through which said second shank portion passes, and a sealing ring is provided between said central bore and said second shank portion.
6. The adaptive cutting tooth according to claim 2, wherein an end of the base facing the polycrystalline diamond layer is connected to a circumferential surface of the first shank portion, and an end of the base facing away from the polycrystalline diamond layer forms the second cavity.
7. The adaptive cutting tooth according to claim 1, wherein a second groove is formed in an end of the base, facing away from the polycrystalline diamond layer, and the second groove is connected with a cylinder sleeve; and a third groove is formed in one end, facing the polycrystalline diamond layer, of the cylinder sleeve, and the wall surface of the third groove and the wall surface of the second groove form the second cavity.
8. The adaptive cutting tooth according to claim 2 wherein a piston is disposed within said second cavity, said piston being fixedly attached to said second shank portion, said piston having an axially extending throughbore for passage of said non-newtonian fluid.
9. The adaptive cutting tooth according to claim 8, wherein a plurality of said through holes are uniformly circumferentially disposed on said piston, said piston having a diameter smaller than a diameter of said second cavity.
10. A PDC drill bit, comprising a main cutter and an adaptive cutter, the adaptive cutter disposed behind the main cutter, the adaptive cutter comprising:
a polycrystalline diamond layer;
the telescopic rod is provided with a first end and a second end along the axial direction, and the first end is connected with the polycrystalline diamond layer;
a base for receiving at least a portion of the extension pole, the base and the extension pole defining a first cavity and a second cavity that are spaced apart, the first end being located within the first cavity and the second end being located within the second cavity;
an elastic member disposed in the first cavity, the elastic member having a first state and a second state, a height of the polycrystalline diamond layer when the elastic member is in the second state being greater than a height of the polycrystalline diamond layer when the elastic member is in the first state, the elastic member being switchable between the first state and the second state;
a non-Newtonian fluid disposed within the second cavity.
Priority Applications (1)
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