CN112876654B - 一种检测Cr2O72-的聚芴类荧光传感器及其应用 - Google Patents

一种检测Cr2O72-的聚芴类荧光传感器及其应用 Download PDF

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CN112876654B
CN112876654B CN202110060615.3A CN202110060615A CN112876654B CN 112876654 B CN112876654 B CN 112876654B CN 202110060615 A CN202110060615 A CN 202110060615A CN 112876654 B CN112876654 B CN 112876654B
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张革
段学民
李斐
高玉芝
李慧
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种检测Cr2O7 2‑的聚芴类荧光传感器及其应用。本发明的聚芴类荧光传感器由聚芴类荧光化合物制成，将聚芴类荧光化合物溶于DMSO/PBS(1:99,v/v)此溶剂体系中，作为均相荧光传感器直接使用。聚芴类荧光化合物的化学名称为聚(9‑芴甲基‑N‑琥珀酰亚胺碳酸酯)，是由单体Fmoc‑Osu在纯BFEE溶液进行电化学聚合得到的。本发明的聚芴类荧光传感器的高灵敏度，能够超痕量检测Cr2O7 2‑。本发明的聚芴类荧光传感器具有广泛的应用，在农田检测、食品样品等领域具有良好的应用前景。

Description

一种检测Cr2O72-的聚芴类荧光传感器及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及化学传感器技术领域，特别是涉及一种超灵敏聚芴类荧光传感器及检测农田环境中的重铬酸根离子的应用。
背景技术
随着经济发展和人民生活条件的提高，农田重金属污染日益加剧，事关人类健康，引起全球高度重视。在农田环境中，如水和土壤的污染会影响农作物的生长，降低作物的质量和产量。而且，重金属离子会通过农作物的积累进入食物链中，对动物和人体的健康产生危害。与其他重金属离子相比，六价铬在我们的日常生活中被广泛使用，由于其在整个 pH范围内具有良好的水溶性，产生的污染更为普遍。因此世界卫生组织规定，饮用水中的Cr(VI)的含量不超过50μg/L。所以，监测农田中Cr(VI)的含量至关重要，对人类健康具有重大意义。
荧光分析法作为一种先进的分析方法，解决了传统重铬酸根离子检测方法存在的问题。该方法操作简单、成本低、灵敏度高、反应迅速。共轭聚合物作为一类特殊的荧光材料，因其分子导线的性质，可以实现荧光响应信号的放大，可以大大提高检测的灵敏度，实现了一种与其他荧光材料相比完全新颖的传感器模型。前期工作的成功表明，共轭聚合物在制备优良性能的荧光传感器方面具有广阔的前景。遗憾的是，与人类健康密切相关的应用于农田检测Cr2O7 2-的荧光传感器的相关工作报道还是比较少。所以现在需要一种超灵敏聚芴类荧光传感器，用于检测农田环境中的重铬酸根离子。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足，提供一种检测Cr2O7 2-的聚芴类荧光传感器及其应用，本发明的聚芴类荧光传感器的高灵敏度，能够超痕量检测Cr2O7 2-。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的：
本发明的第一方面，提供一种聚芴类荧光化合物，所述聚芴类荧光化合物的化学名称为聚(9-芴甲基-N-琥珀酰亚胺碳酸酯)，简称P(Fmoc-Osu)，其化学结构式如式(I)所示：
Figure BDA0002902204890000021
优选的，所述聚芴类荧光化合物由以下方法制备：
单体Fmoc-Osu在纯BFEE溶液进行电化学聚合：通氮气15min，聚合电位为1.26V，聚合时间为6小时，聚合温度为25℃；聚合完成后产物用无水乙醚冲洗，于真空烘箱中干燥得到聚芴类荧光化合物。
优选的，所述单体Fmoc-Osu浓度为0.01moL/L，纯BFEE溶液的用量为5mL。
优选的，所述干燥的温度为50℃，时间为12h。
上述制备具体的反应式如下：
Figure BDA0002902204890000022
本发明的第二方面，提供一种聚芴类荧光传感器，所述聚芴类荧光传感器由上述聚芴类荧光化合物制成。
优选的，所述聚芴类荧光传感器由以下方法制备：
(1)将聚芴类荧光化合物溶于二甲基亚砜中，得到浓度为2.2×10-3moL/L的母液；
(2)向母液加入PBS缓冲溶液，使聚芴类荧光化合物的浓度为2.2×10-5moL/L，得到聚芴类荧光传感器，可作为均相荧光传感器直接使用。
优选的，所述聚芴类荧光化合物的加入量为3.7mg；所述二甲基亚砜的加入量为5mL。
优选的，所述PBS缓冲溶液的pH＝7.00；所述二甲基亚砜与PBS缓冲溶液的体积比为1:99。
本发明的第三方面，提供聚芴类荧光传感器在检测Cr2O7 2-中的应用。
本发明的有益效果为：
(1)本发明提供的荧光传感器在一些常见的阴离子、阳离子和20种氨基酸中没有荧光淬灭现象，而在Cr2O7 2-中传感器的荧光淬灭现象非常明显。本发明的聚芴类荧光传感器可检测浓度为0.025pM-0.4mM范围内的Cr2O7 2-，且灵敏度高，检测限低至8fM。
(2)本发明的传感器表现出很高的抗干扰能力，加入单独的阴离子对传感器的传感能力没有影响。用本发明的传感器检测农田水、土壤、白菜和胡萝卜中Cr2O7 2-的含量来评估传感器的应用潜力。结果充分说明荧光传感器P(Fmoc-Osu)可以应用于复杂环境农田实际样品中对Cr2O7 2-的检测。
(3)本发明的聚芴类荧光传感器具有广泛的应用，在农田检测、食品样品等领域具有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1：Fmoc-Osu在BFEE中的循环伏安曲线。
图2：Fmoc-Osu与P(Fmoc-Osu)的归一化吸收与发射光谱图。
图3：a为存在各种阴离子(0.4mM)的情况下，P(Fmoc-Osu)的荧光淬灭效率；b为为存在各种阳离子(0.4mM)的情况下，P(Fmoc-Osu)的荧光淬灭效率。其中，I0对应不含离子的溶液的荧光发射，I对应含有离子溶液的荧光发射。Ex＝335nm
图4：存在各种氨基酸(0.4mM)的情况下添加Cr2O7 2时，P(Fmoc-Osu)的荧光强度。斜纹柱：P(Fmoc-Osu)+氨基酸。黑色柱：P(Fmoc-Osu)+氨基酸+Cr2O7 2-。Ex＝335nm
图5：在DMSO/PBS(1:99,v/v)溶液中存在各种阴离子(0.4mM)的情况下添加Cr2O7 2-时，P(Fmoc-Osu)的荧光强度。斜纹柱：P(Fmoc-Osu)+竞争阴离子。黑色柱： P(Fmoc-Osu)+竞争阴离子+Cr2O7 2-。Ex＝335nm
图6：a为P(Fmoc-Osu)对不同浓度Cr2O7 2-的荧光发射光谱，b为不同Cr2O7 2-浓度所对应P(Fmoc-Osu)的荧光强度线性图。P(Fmoc-Osu):22μM,Ex＝335nm。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
正如背景技术所述，虽然荧光分析法作为一种先进的分析方法，解决了传统重铬酸根离子检测方法存在的问题。但与人类健康密切相关的应用于农田检测Cr2O7 2-的荧光传感器的相关工作报道还是比较少。基于此，本发明提供一种检测Cr2O7 2-的聚芴类荧光传感器。
发明人先前的研究证明BFEE可以降低芴的氧化电位，得到芴及其衍生物的高质量聚合物膜，因此本发明采用电化学聚合方法。单体Fmoc-Osu可溶于纯BFEE溶液中，故在该体系中进行聚合得到聚合物P(Fmoc-Osu)。如图1所示，从第一个CV周期开始，Fmoc-Osu 的起始氧化电位为1.06V。随着CV扫描的继续，氧化还原峰电流密度有规律的进行增加。同时，在工作电极上观察到有褐色的物质沉积。所有这些结果表明P(Fmoc-Osu)可以在 BFEE体系中聚合。
为了使得本领域技术人员能够更加清楚地了解本申请的技术方案，以下将结合具体的实施例详细说明本申请的技术方案。如果实施例中未注明的实验具体条件，通常按照常规条件，或者按照试剂公司所推荐的条件；下述实施例中所用的试剂、耗材等，如无特殊说明，均可通过商业途径获得。
实施例1：P(Fmoc-Osu)的制备
单体Fmoc-Osu的浓度为0.01moL/L，在纯BFEE溶液(5mL)进行电化学聚合，通氮气15分钟，聚合电位为1.26V，聚合时间为6小时，温度25摄氏度。聚合时无需搅拌，完成后产物用无水乙醚冲洗，于真空烘箱中50摄氏度干燥12小时，得到P(Fmoc-Osu)。
实施例2：P(Fmoc-Osu)的光学性能
由于实施例1制备的P(Fmoc-Osu)只有部分溶解于水和乙醇中，为了进一步应用，我们选择DMSO-PBS(pH＝7.0)(v/v＝1:99)混合溶液作为检测体系，测试了单体Fmoc-Osu和实施例1制备的聚合物P(Fmoc-Osu)的吸收光谱及荧光光谱。
由图2可以看出，在255nm和335nm激发下，Fmoc-Osu单体和实施例1制备的聚合物分别在325nm和420nm处出现最大发射峰。实施例1制备的聚合物的吸收光谱和发射光谱中峰位置的红移，表明实施例1制备的P(Fmoc-Osu)的共轭链长度增加。
实施例3：选择性研究
为了评估传感器对Cr2O7 2-的选择性，研究了一些代表性阴离子与部分氨基酸的选择性实验。
由图3可以看出，在DMSO/PBS(1:99,v/v)溶液中存在各种阴阳离子(0.4mM)的情况下，实施例1制备的P(Fmoc-Osu)(22μM)的荧光淬灭效率。
由图4可知，在DMSO/PBS(1:99,v/v)溶液中存在各种氨基酸(0.4mM)的情况下添加Cr2O7 2-时，实施例1制备的P(Fmoc-Osu)的荧光强度。
所以，可以看出实施例1制备的P(Fmoc-Osu)对一些代表性阴离子(F-,CNO-,HS-,CH3COO-,SO4 2-,SO3 2-,HCO3 2-,NO2-,Br-,CO3 2-,S2O3 2-,PO4 3-,SCN-和HSO3 -)，阳离子(Sr2+, Ga3+,Pd2+,Hg2+,Ba2+,K+,Cr3+,Al3+,Cu2+,Mn2+,Cd2+,Pb2+,Ni2+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Fe2+,Fe3+,Co2+, Zn2+,In3+,Sn2+和Ag+)及20种氨基酸(亮氨酸，组氨酸，精氨酸，半胱氨酸，色氨酸，丝氨酸，脯氨酸，赖氨酸，苏氨酸，甘氨酸，丙氨酸，酪氨酸，谷氨酸，缬氨酸，蛋氨酸，异亮氨酸，天冬酰胺，天冬氨酸，苯丙氨酸，谷氨酸盐)的响应可以忽略不计。
实施例4：竞争性研究
竞争性实验可以评估传感器在复杂环境中的可靠性，在DMSO/PBS(1:99,v/v)溶液中存在各种阴离子(0.4mM)的情况下添加Cr2O7 2-时，从图5中可以看出P(Fmoc-Osu) 的荧光强度。说明本发明的荧光传感器P(Fmoc-Osu)不受其他分析物干扰的影响，可作为在复杂的生物环境样品中检测Cr2O7 2-的潜在工具。
实施例5：灵敏度研究
由图6可以看到，实施例1制备的P(Fmoc-Osu)在DMSO/PBS(1:99,v/v)溶液中对浓度为0.025pM-0.4mM范围内的Cr2O7 2-的荧光发射光谱(a)以及不同Cr2O7 2-浓度所对应 P(Fmoc-Osu)的荧光强度线(b)。可以得到较好的线性关系，表明本发明的传感器可以检测未知的Cr2O7 2-含量，其检测限低至8fM。
实施例6：实际应用检测
用实施例1制备的传感器检测农田水、土壤、白菜和胡萝卜中Cr2O7 2-的含量。回收率和相对标准偏差处于误差范围内，说明本发明的传感器可应用于农田环境检测。结果见表 1。
表1
Figure BDA0002902204890000051
Figure BDA0002902204890000061
a五次测定的平均值±SD，SD为标准偏差。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.聚芴类荧光传感器在检测Cr2O7 2-中的应用，其特征在于，所述聚芴类荧光传感器由以下方法制备：
(1)单体Fmoc-Osu在纯BFEE溶液进行电化学聚合：通氮气15min，聚合电位为1.26V，聚合时间为6小时，聚合温度为25℃；聚合完成后产物用无水乙醚冲洗，于真空烘箱中干燥得到聚芴类荧光化合物；
所述聚芴类荧光化合物的化学名称为聚(9-芴甲基-N-琥珀酰亚胺碳酸酯)，简称P(Fmoc-Osu)，其化学结构式如式(I)所示：
Figure FDA0003582595770000011
(2)将聚芴类荧光化合物溶于二甲基亚砜中，得到浓度为2.2×10-3moL/L的母液；
(3)向母液加入PBS缓冲溶液，使聚芴类荧光化合物的浓度为2.2×10-5moL/L，得到聚芴类荧光传感器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，所述单体Fmoc-Osu浓度为0.01moL/L，纯BFEE溶液的用量为5mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，所述干燥的温度为50℃，时间为12h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，步骤(2)中，所述聚芴类荧光化合物的加入量为3.7mg；所述二甲基亚砜的加入量为5mL。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，步骤(3)中，所述PBS缓冲溶液的pH＝7.00；所述二甲基亚砜与PBS缓冲溶液的体积比为1:99。
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