CN112876200A - Low-density aerogel/melamine foam composite material and application thereof - Google Patents
Low-density aerogel/melamine foam composite material and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112876200A CN112876200A CN202110152078.5A CN202110152078A CN112876200A CN 112876200 A CN112876200 A CN 112876200A CN 202110152078 A CN202110152078 A CN 202110152078A CN 112876200 A CN112876200 A CN 112876200A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B15/00—Self-propelled projectiles or missiles, e.g. rockets; Guided missiles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-density aerogel/melamine foam composite material and application thereof, wherein the low-density aerogel/melamine foam composite material is prepared from 95-98 wt% of SiO2Aerogel and 2% -5% of melamine foam, the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: taking water glass, sodium citrate, absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, and dropwise adding H3PO4Obtaining a silica sol system; pouring the silica sol system into a mold with melamine foam, immersing the melamine foam, adding ammonia water and propylene glycol, standing and aging to obtain SiO2 gel-foam composite foam; and (3) replacing the solvent, and performing supercritical drying to obtain the low-density aerogel/melamine foam composite material. The composite material of the invention takes melamine foam as a carrier,the mechanical stability of the aerogel is improved, and the problems of brittleness, non-toughness and easy fracture during pressing of the aerogel are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aerogel materials, and particularly relates to a low-density aerogel/melamine foam composite material and application thereof.
Background
Aerogel is a special kind of nanoporous material with many excellent physicochemical properties, such as: low density, high porosity, high specific surface area, adjustable surface chemistry, etc. Because the aerogel has unique performance in the aspects of physics, chemistry, machinery and the like, the aerogel is widely applied in the fields of heat preservation and insulation, catalysis, environmental purification, chemical sensors, acoustic sensors, energy storage equipment, waterproof coatings, inertial confinement fusion, high-energy physics, particle capture, biomedicine, food processing and the like.
Aerogels are mainly classified into inorganic aerogels, organic aerogels and carbon aerogels. The inorganic aerogel mainly includes a salicide aerogel and a metal oxide aerogel. Silica aerogels were the earliest and most studied aerogels, and are currently the most widely used aerogels in a variety of applications. Typical silica aerogels have unique properties of high specific surface area, high porosity, high optical transmittance, low density, and ultra-low thermal conductivity. However, the application of the method is limited to a great extent due to the main defects of brittleness, non-toughness and easy fracture during pressing. The modified silica aerogel formed by polymer crosslinking belongs to an organic-inorganic hybrid material and can be improved by introducing a proper amount of polymer into a sol system.
At present, most of silica aerogel felts take glass fibers or other fibers as carriers, and although the problems of brittleness, non-toughness and easy fracture during pressing of the aerogel are solved, the problem of large volume weight exists, and the application range is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a low-density aerogel/melamine foam composite material and application thereof, and solves the problem that the volume weight of the existing silica aerogel felt is large.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a low-density aerogel/melamine foam composite material is prepared from 95-98 wt% of SiO2Aerogel and 2% -5% of melamine foam, the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) taking water glass, sodium citrate, absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, and dropwise adding H3PO4Hydrolysis reaction with vigorous stirring at room temperature 46 hours to obtain a silica sol system;
(2) pouring the silica sol system obtained in the step (a) into a mold containing melamine foam, immersing the melamine foam, adding 0.6-0.9mol/L ammonia water and propylene glycol, standing and aging for 24-36 h under the closed condition of 40-55 ℃, and obtaining SiO2 gel-foam composite foam;
(3) using normal hexane to carry out solvent replacement, and after the replacement is finished, adding CO2And performing supercritical drying under the environment to obtain the low-density aerogel/melamine foam composite material.
Wherein, preferably, in the step (1), the sodium silicate, the sodium citrate, the absolute ethyl alcohol, the deionized water and the H3PO4In a molar ratio of 1: (0.4-0.9): (10-20): (8-12): (0.008-0.012).
Wherein, the molar ratio of the ammonia water to the water glass in the step (2) is preferably (0.002-0.004): 1, the molar ratio of the propylene glycol to the water colored glaze is (0.4-0.8): 1.
wherein, the number of times of solvent replacement in the step (3) is preferably 3-6 times, and each replacement time is 12-24 hours.
Use of a low density aerogel/melamine foam composite in a rocket fairing.
Preferably, the rocket fairing comprises a fairing body, splicing grooves are formed in the fairing body, protective shell bodies are arranged on two sides of the splicing position of the fairing body respectively, connecting pieces are connected between the protective shell bodies and the fairing body, low-density aerogel/melamine foam composite materials are filled between the protective shell bodies and the fairing body, and a retaining assembly for keeping the protective shell bodies to fall off integrally is connected to the inner side of the protective shell body.
Preferably, the connecting piece comprises inserting blocks connected to two ends of the inner side of the protective shell body, inserting grooves matched with the inserting blocks are formed in the outer side of the fairing body, the inserting blocks are inserted into the inserting grooves in an inserting mode, a plurality of adhering blocks are connected to the outer side of the fairing body, and adhering pieces matched with the adhering blocks and adhered to the inner side of the protective shell body are connected to the inner side of the protective shell body.
Preferably, the insertion groove is an oblique groove opening, and the bottom and the top oblique groove openings are symmetrical in direction.
Wherein, preferably, the holding assembly comprises an elastic curved bar connected to the inner side of the protective shell body, the elastic curved bar is connected with two mounting seats, and a spring is connected between the two mounting seats and the insertion block at the bottom.
Preferably, the top of the protective shell body is connected with an arc-shaped air deflector.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, sodium citrate is added into silica sol, and chemical crosslinking of the silica sol is increased, so that the purpose of strengthening a gel structure is achieved. The propylene glycol is added in the step of gel aging, so that the growth of gel particles can be inhibited, the size uniformity of gel network gaps is facilitated, the strength of a gel framework is increased, and the shrinkage and cracking of the gel caused by non-uniform stress in the subsequent drying process are avoided.
The composite material disclosed by the invention takes the melamine foam as a carrier, so that the mechanical stability of the aerogel is improved, and the problems of brittleness, non-toughness and easiness in cracking during pressing of the aerogel are solved. The composite material has the characteristics of uniform pore diameter structure, high porosity, high specific surface area and small density, and can be used in rocket fairings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other embodiments can be obtained by using the drawings without creative efforts.
Figure 1 is a stress-strain graph of the low density aerogel/melamine foam composite of example 1.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fairing body construction of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a protective shell according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the inner side structure of the protective shell body.
In the figure: 1-a fairing body; 2-splicing the grooves; 3-a protective shell body; 4-a connector; 5-a holding assembly; 6-a plug-in block; 7-inserting grooves; 8-sticking block; 9-an adhesive sheet; 10-an elastic curved bar; 11-a mounting seat; 12-a spring; 13-arc wind deflector.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
This example provides a low density aerogel/melamine foam composite comprising 96% by weight of SiO2Aerogel and 4% melamine foam, the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) taking water glass, sodium citrate, absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, and dropwise adding H3PO4Stirring vigorously at room temperature to carry out hydrolysis reaction for 5 hours to obtain a silica sol system; water glass, sodium citrate, absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water and H3PO4In a molar ratio of 1: 0.6: 15: 10: 0.010;
(2) pouring the silica sol system obtained in the step (a) into a mold containing melamine foam, immersing the melamine foam, adding 0.7mol/L ammonia water and propylene glycol, standing and aging for 28h under the closed condition of 45 ℃ to obtain SiO2Gel-foam syntactic foams; the mol ratio of ammonia water to water glass is 0.003: 1, the molar ratio of the propylene glycol to the water colored glaze is 0.6: 1;
(3) using normal hexane for solvent replacement, wherein the replacement frequency is 5 times, each replacement time is 18 hours, and CO is obtained after the replacement is finished2And performing supercritical drying under the environment to obtain the low-density aerogel/melamine foam composite material.
The low density aerogel/melamine foam composite of this example was tested for performance.
Specific surface area and porosity: measured by an automatic adsorption instrument, and N is used for adsorbing gas2The temperature was 77K and the specific surface area was calculated by the BET method.
And (3) testing mechanical properties: a dynamic mechanical analyzer is adopted to carry out mechanical performance test, firstly, the composite material is processed into a regular cylinder shape, the size of the cylinder shape is measured, a certain mould is used for fixing a sample, the constant temperature treatment is carried out for 5min at 25 ℃, and then the compression is carried out by the force of 1N/min until the pressure reaches 18N.
And (3) testing the density: the density of the aerogel sample was calculated using the formula p ═ m/V.
Coefficient of thermal conductivity: the test was carried out using GB/T3399, where the cold plate temperature was 5 ℃ and the hot plate temperature was 20 ℃.
And (3) testing results: specific surface area 460.5m2A porosity of 92% and a density of 9mg/cm3The thermal conductivity is 21.34mw/mk, the compressive strength is about 0.35MPa (25% deformation), and the stress-strain curve of the composite material of the embodiment is shown in fig. 1.
Example 2
This example provides a low density aerogel/melamine foam composite comprising 95% SiO by weight2Aerogel and 5% melamine foam, the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) taking water glass, sodium citrate, absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, and dropwise adding H3PO4Stirring vigorously at room temperature to carry out hydrolysis reaction for 4 hours to obtain a silica sol system; water glass, sodium citrate, absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water and H3PO4In a molar ratio of 1: 0.9: 10: 12: 0.008;
(2) pouring the silica sol system obtained in the step (a) into a mold containing melamine foam, immersing the melamine foam, adding 0.6mol/L ammonia water and propylene glycol, standing and aging for 24 hours at 55 ℃ under a closed condition to obtain SiO2Gel-foam syntactic foams; the mol ratio of ammonia water to water glass is 0.004: 1, the molar ratio of the propylene glycol to the water colored glaze is 0.4:1；
(3) using normal hexane for solvent replacement, wherein the replacement frequency is 3 times, each replacement time is 24 hours, and CO is obtained after the replacement is finished2And performing supercritical drying under the environment to obtain the low-density aerogel/melamine foam composite material.
And (3) performance test results: specific surface area 462.5m2(ii)/g, porosity 93%, density 8.8mg/cm3The thermal conductivity coefficient is 20.96mw/mk, and the compressive strength is about 0.32MPa (25% deformation).
Example 3
This example provides a low density aerogel/melamine foam composite comprising 98 wt% SiO2Aerogel and 2% melamine foam, the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) taking water glass, sodium citrate, absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, and dropwise adding H3PO4Stirring vigorously at room temperature to carry out hydrolysis reaction for 6 hours to obtain a silica sol system; water glass, sodium citrate, absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water and H3PO4In a molar ratio of 1: 0.4: 20: 8: 0.12;
(2) pouring the silica sol system obtained in the step (a) into a mold containing melamine foam, immersing the melamine foam, adding 0.9mol/L ammonia water and propylene glycol, standing and aging for 36h under a sealed condition at 40 ℃ to obtain SiO2 gel-foam composite foam; the mol ratio of ammonia water to water glass is 0.002: 1, the molar ratio of the propylene glycol to the water colored glaze is 0.8: 1;
(3) using normal hexane for solvent replacement, wherein the replacement frequency is 6 times, each replacement time is 12 hours, and CO is obtained after the replacement is finished2And performing supercritical drying under the environment to obtain the low-density aerogel/melamine foam composite material.
And (3) performance test results: specific surface area 459.4m2A porosity of 91% and a density of 9.1mg/cm3The thermal conductivity coefficient is 22.96mw/mk, and the compressive strength is about 0.31MPa (25% deformation).
Example 4
This example provides a low density aerogel/melamine foam composite comprised of97% by weight of SiO2Aerogel and 3% melamine foam, the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) taking water glass, sodium citrate, absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, and dropwise adding H3PO4Stirring vigorously at room temperature to carry out hydrolysis reaction for 5 hours to obtain a silica sol system; water glass, sodium citrate, absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water and H3PO4In a molar ratio of 1: 0.8: 16: 11: 0.011;
(2) pouring the silica sol system obtained in the step (a) into a mold containing melamine foam, immersing the melamine foam, adding 0.7mol/L ammonia water and propylene glycol, standing and aging for 28h under a closed condition at 50 ℃ to obtain SiO2Gel-foam syntactic foams; the mol ratio of ammonia water to water glass is 0.004: 1, the molar ratio of the propylene glycol to the water colored glaze is 0.7: 1;
(3) using normal hexane for solvent replacement, wherein the replacement frequency is 4 times, each replacement time is 16 hours, and CO is obtained after the replacement is finished2And performing supercritical drying under the environment to obtain the low-density aerogel/melamine foam composite material.
And (3) performance test results: specific surface area 463.5m2(ii)/g, porosity 93%, density 8.9mg/cm3The thermal conductivity coefficient is 21.22mw/mk, and the compressive strength is about 0.33MPa (25% deformation).
Example 5
This example provides a low density aerogel/melamine foam composite comprising 97% SiO by weight2Aerogel and 3% melamine foam, the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) taking water glass, sodium citrate, absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, and dropwise adding H3PO4Stirring vigorously at room temperature to carry out hydrolysis reaction for 6 hours to obtain a silica sol system; water glass, sodium citrate, absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water and H3PO4In a molar ratio of 1: 0.7: 12: 11: 0.011.
(2) pouring the silica sol system obtained in the step (a) into a mould containing melamine foam, immersing the melamine foam, and adding 0.7mol/L ammonia water and propylene glycolStanding and aging for 26h under the closed condition of 50 ℃ to obtain SiO2Gel-foam syntactic foams; the mol ratio of ammonia water to water glass is 0.03: 1, the molar ratio of the propylene glycol to the water colored glaze is 0.7: 1;
(3) using normal hexane for solvent replacement, wherein the replacement frequency is 5 times, each replacement time is 20 hours, and CO is obtained after the replacement is finished2And performing supercritical drying under the environment to obtain the low-density aerogel/melamine foam composite material.
And (3) performance test results: specific surface area 461.4m2Per g, porosity 92%, density 8.9mg/cm3The thermal conductivity coefficient is 21.35mw/mk, and the compressive strength is about 0.32MPa (25% deformation).
Example 6
This example provides a low density aerogel/melamine foam composite comprising 96% by weight of SiO2Aerogel and 4% melamine foam, the method of preparation of this example being the same as example 1 except that no sodium citrate was added in step (1).
And (3) performance test results: specific surface area 461.8m2A porosity of 91% and a density of 8.9mg/cm3The thermal conductivity coefficient is 22.96mw/mk, and the compressive strength is about 0.26MPa (25% deformation).
Example 7
This example provides a low density aerogel/melamine foam composite comprising 96% by weight of SiO2Aerogel and 4% melamine foam, the method of preparation of this example being the same as example 1 except that no propylene glycol was added in step (2).
And (3) performance test results: specific surface area 458.7m2Per g, porosity of 90%, density of 9.3mg/cm3The thermal conductivity coefficient is 22.39mw/mk, and the compressive strength is about 0.27MPa (25% deformation).
Application examples
As shown in fig. 2-5, the present example provides the use of a low density aerogel/melamine foam composite in a rocket fairing. When having solved current protecting crust body 3 and progressively breaking away from in this scheme in the outside of radome fairing body 1, be not convenient for collect, it is big gradually to come off the noise simultaneously, and the design is for including radome fairing body 1 in this scheme, be equipped with concatenation recess 2 on the radome fairing body 1, 1 concatenation department both sides department of radome fairing body is equipped with protecting crust body 3 respectively, and is connected with connecting piece 4 between protecting crust body 3 and the radome fairing body 1, and it has low density aerogel melamine foam combined material to fill between protecting crust body 3 and the radome fairing body 1, 3 inboard connections of protecting crust body have the whole retaining assembly 5 that drops of protecting crust body 3.
When the device in this scheme of use, through connecting piece 4 that establishes with the 3 adhesion of two mutual symmetries's protecting crust body in the 1 outside department of radome fairing body, the inside retaining assembly 5 of protecting crust body 3 simultaneously is convenient for keep in the 1 outside department of radome fairing body, after the rocket launches, the rocket that rises at a high speed breaks away from protecting crust body 3 from the top department in the 1 outside of radome fairing body, simultaneously under the effect that keeps subassembly 5, it is not hard up protecting crust body 3 bottom and radome fairing body 1 in step, thereby the realization is whole drops protecting crust body 3, the trouble of inconvenient collection that drops at present protecting crust random has been reduced, protecting crust body 3 whole drops the noise that has reduced current protecting crust and gradually drops simultaneously.
The connecting piece 4 is including connecting the grafting piece 6 at the inboard both ends of protecting crust body 3, the 1 outside of radome fairing body is equipped with the inserting groove 7 that matches each other with grafting piece 6, and grafting piece 6 pegs graft inside inserting groove 7, the 1 outside of radome fairing body is connected with a plurality of adhesion pieces 8, and 3 inboard of protecting crust body is connected with the adhesion piece 9 that matches the adhesion each other with adhesion piece 8.
The inserting groove 7 is an oblique groove opening, and the bottom and the top oblique groove openings are symmetrical in opening direction.
The holding assembly 5 comprises an elastic curved rod 10 connected to the inner side of the protective shell body 3, two mounting seats 11 are connected to the elastic curved rod 10, and a spring 12 is connected between each mounting seat 11 and the bottom inserting block 6.
The top of the protective shell body 3 is connected with an arc-shaped air deflector 13.
The working principle is as follows: the fairing body 1 in the scheme is two shells which are spliced with each other, the splicing groove 2 is arranged at the splicing position, the two shells are spliced at the outer side of the rocket, in order to adapt to the environment of satellite launching centers such as spring, taiyuan and the like in China, the outer side of the fairing body 1 is covered with the protective shell body 3, the protective shell body 3 in the scheme is two protective shells which are matched with each other, the inserting block 6 fixedly connected to the protective shell body 3 is inserted into the inserting groove 7 at the inclined groove opening, because the inserting groove 7 in the scheme is two inclined grooves which are symmetrical with each other, when the inserting block 6 is inserted into the inserting groove 7, the protective shell body 3 is convenient to be kept at the outer side of the fairing body 1, meanwhile, the two adhesion pieces 9 at the inner side of the protective shell body 3 and the adhesion pieces 8 fixedly connected to the outer side of the fairing body 1 are adhered with each other, so that the protective shell body 3 is integrally adhered to the outer side of the fairing body, when the rocket is launched, high-speed wind current enters from the arc-shaped air deflector 13 to the top of the outer side of the protective shell body 3, so that the adhesive sheet 9 at the top of the protective shell body 3 is separated from the adhesive block 8, the insertion block 6 at the top is separated from the insertion groove 7 at the top, the limitation of the insertion groove 7 is lost at the top of the protective shell body 3, meanwhile, the elastic curved rod 10 with elasticity is fixedly connected to the inner side of the protective shell body 3 to be opened, the mounting seat 11 is fixedly connected to the elastic curved rod 10, and the spring 12 is fixedly connected between the bottom of the mounting seat 11 and the insertion block 6 at the bottom, after the elastic curved rod 10 is bounced open, the insertion block 6 at the bottom is separated from the insertion groove 7, so that the whole protective shell body 3 is separated from the outer side of the fairing body 1, and the trouble that the protective shell body 3 gradually falls off and is inconvenient to collect is reduced, meanwhile, the noise generated when the protective shell body 3 is gradually separated is reduced.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A low-density aerogel/melamine foam composite material is characterized by comprising 95-98 wt% of SiO2Aerogel and 2%-5% melamine foam, the preparation method comprising the following steps:
(1) taking water glass, sodium citrate, absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, and dropwise adding H3PO4Stirring vigorously at room temperature to carry out hydrolysis reaction for 4-6 hours to obtain a silica sol system;
(2) pouring the silica sol system obtained in the step (a) into a mold containing melamine foam, immersing the melamine foam, adding 0.6-0.9mol/L ammonia water and propylene glycol, standing and aging for 24-36 h under the closed condition of 40-55 ℃, and obtaining SiO2 gel-foam composite foam;
(3) using normal hexane to carry out solvent replacement, and after the replacement is finished, adding CO2And performing supercritical drying under the environment to obtain the low-density aerogel/melamine foam composite material.
2. A low density aerogel/melamine foam composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), water glass, sodium citrate, absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water and H3PO4In a molar ratio of 1: (0.4-0.9): (10-20): (8-12): (0.008-0.012).
3. A low density aerogel/melamine foam composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mol ratio of the ammonia water to the water glass in the step (2) is (0.002-0.004): 1, the molar ratio of the propylene glycol to the water colored glaze is (0.4-0.8): 1.
4. a low density aerogel/melamine foam composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the number of times of solvent replacement in the step (3) is 3-6 times, and the replacement time is 12-24 hours each time.
5. Use of a low density aerogel/melamine foam composite of any of claims 1-4 in a rocket fairing.
6. Use of a low density aerogel/melamine foam composite according to claim 5 in rocket cowls, wherein: the rocket fairing comprises a fairing body, splicing grooves are formed in the fairing body, protective shell bodies are respectively arranged on two sides of the splicing position of the fairing body, connecting pieces are connected between the protective shell bodies and the fairing body, low-density aerogel/melamine foam composite materials are filled between the protective shell bodies and the fairing body, and a retaining assembly for retaining the protective shell bodies to fall off integrally is connected to the inner side of the protective shell body.
7. Use of a low density aerogel/melamine foam composite according to claim 6 in rocket cowls, wherein: the connecting piece is including connecting the grafting piece at the inboard both ends of protecting crust body the radome fairing body outside is equipped with the inserting groove that matches each other with the grafting piece, and the grafting piece pegs graft inside the inserting groove, the radome fairing body outside is connected with a plurality of adhesion pieces, and protecting crust body inboard is connected with the adhesion piece that matches the adhesion each other with the adhesion piece.
8. Use of a low density aerogel/melamine foam composite according to claim 7 in rocket cowls, wherein: the inserting groove is an oblique groove opening, and the bottom and the top oblique groove openings are symmetrical in opening direction.
9. Use of a low density aerogel/melamine foam composite according to claim 7 in rocket cowls, wherein: the retaining assembly comprises an elastic curved rod connected to the inner side of the protective shell body, two mounting seats are connected to the elastic curved rod, and springs are connected between the mounting seats and the inserting blocks at the bottom.
10. Use of a low density aerogel/melamine foam composite according to claim 9 in rocket cowls, wherein: the top of the protective shell body is connected with an arc-shaped air deflector.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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