CN112876191B - Autoclaved aerated concrete block and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Autoclaved aerated concrete block and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112876191B CN112876191B CN202110147648.1A CN202110147648A CN112876191B CN 112876191 B CN112876191 B CN 112876191B CN 202110147648 A CN202110147648 A CN 202110147648A CN 112876191 B CN112876191 B CN 112876191B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/02—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding chemical blowing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/02—Selection of the hardening environment
- C04B40/024—Steam hardening, e.g. in an autoclave
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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Abstract
The application relates to the field of building materials, and particularly discloses an autoclaved aerated concrete block and a preparation method thereof. The autoclaved aerated concrete block comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of cement, 25-35 parts of quick lime, 5-10 parts of gypsum, 20-30 parts of fly ash, 30-45 parts of ceramic waste, 3-5 parts of a gas former, 3-5 parts of a water-retaining agent, 5-10 parts of cold water flowers with stem penetrating, 5-8 parts of xianlike, 7-12 parts of pineapple fiber, 10-15 parts of an adsorbent, 3.5-5 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 4-8 parts of graphene oxide and 80-100 parts of water; the adsorbent comprises the following components: the feed additive comprises eggshell membrane powder, chitosan, corn starch, titanium dioxide, silver-loaded manganese dioxide, nano clean stone, diatomite and eggshell powder. The utility model provides an evaporate and press aerated concrete block has strong to harmful substance's such as formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia adsorption efficiency, can also prevent dampproofing, prevent the advantage of reinforcing bar corrosion.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to an autoclaved aerated concrete block and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The autoclaved aerated concrete block is a wall building material integrating heat preservation and enclosure, and mainly has the excellent performances of light weight, good heat preservation performance, good fire resistance, wide raw material source, low energy consumption and the like. The autoclaved aerated concrete block is mainly divided into autoclaved sand aerated concrete blocks and autoclaved fly ash aerated concrete blocks, the autoclaved sand aerated concrete blocks have the advantages of high strength, low heat conductivity coefficient and good freezing resistance, and the autoclaved fly ash aerated concrete has the advantages of being capable of utilizing industrial waste materials and realizing resource recycling.
However, when the autoclaved fly ash aerated concrete is prepared, industrial ceramic waste, lime and other raw materials are added, so that aerated concrete blocks emit pungent odor, pungent gas is still not dissipated after the autoclaved fly ash aerated concrete is placed in a wall, and indoor air quality is poor.
In the prior art, a chinese patent application with application number CN202010753891.3 discloses a manufacturing process of an autoclaved aerated concrete block, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials: the components by weight percentage are as follows: 15-25% of cement, 15-25% of quicklime, 30-40% of sand, 10-20% of fly ash, 10-20% of ceramic particles, 3-5% of water-retaining agent, 3-5% of water-reducing agent, 3-5% of activated carbon and 3-5% of gas-forming agent; step two: raw material treatment: carrying out ball milling on cement, quick lime, sand, fly ash and ceramic particles to a specified fineness; step three: and (3) casting molding: conveying the ball-milled raw materials and the rest raw materials in the step one into a pouring vehicle, driving the pouring vehicle into a pouring place, and pouring slurry die by die to enable a blank body to be molded by pouring; step four: standing and cutting: standing and stacking the cast blank, and cutting after standing; step five: steam pressure curing: feeding the cut blank together with a bottom die into an autoclave for autoclave curing; step six: and (3) checking and stacking: and (4) after the materials are discharged from the kettle, inspecting, and classifying and stacking qualified products.
Aiming at the related technologies, the inventor thinks that the existing autoclaved aerated concrete block is doped with activated carbon to adsorb peculiar smell in the concrete block and to adsorb toxic substances in the air, but after the activated carbon is mixed with raw materials such as cement, quicklime, fly ash and the like and is cast and molded, the fly ash, the quicklime and water form slurry and then can be wrapped on the surface of activated carbon particles, and the fly ash and the cement are molded after curing to block pores in the activated carbon, so that the adsorption effect of the activated carbon on the peculiar smell in the aerated concrete is reduced, and the adsorption capacity of the autoclaved aerated concrete block on harmful substances is also reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to enhance the adsorption capacity of the autoclaved aerated concrete block on harmful substances such as peculiar smell and formaldehyde in the autoclaved aerated concrete block, the application provides the autoclaved aerated concrete block and a preparation method thereof.
In a first aspect, the application provides an autoclaved aerated concrete block, which adopts the following technical scheme:
an autoclaved aerated concrete block comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of cement, 25-35 parts of quick lime, 5-10 parts of gypsum, 20-30 parts of fly ash, 30-45 parts of ceramic waste, 3-5 parts of a gas former, 3-5 parts of a water-retaining agent, 5-10 parts of cold water flowers with stem penetrating, 5-8 parts of xianlike, 7-12 parts of pineapple fiber, 10-15 parts of an adsorbent, 3.5-5 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 4-8 parts of graphene oxide and 80-100 parts of water;
the adsorbent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.5-2.5 parts of eggshell membrane powder, 2.4-3.5 parts of chitosan, 1.5-2.5 parts of corn starch, 0.5-1.5 parts of titanium dioxide, 0.6-1 part of silver-loaded manganese dioxide, 1-1.5 parts of Najing stone, 0.4-0.8 part of diatomite and 0.8-1.4 parts of eggshell powder.
By adopting the technical scheme, as the components such as quicklime, fly ash and cement are used as main raw materials of the autoclaved aerated concrete block, the quicklime can provide effective calcium oxide for the aerated concrete block, the effective calcium oxide interacts with silicon dioxide and aluminum trioxide in the fly ash to generate hydrated calcium silicate and hydrated calcium aluminate, so that the strength of the block is improved, the quicklime can be mixed with the cement for use, so that the pouring stability is ensured, the hardening of a blank is accelerated, the performance of the blank is improved, hydrates such as hydrated calcium silicate and hydrated calcium aluminate generated after the cement is hydrated can improve the strength of the block, and calcium hydroxide in the quicklime can be used as an alkaline activator to increase the alkalinity of pouring slurry, thereby being beneficial to the gas generation of the gas generating agent; because the ceramic waste contains peculiar smell, the cold flower with stem penetrating, the visitor and the pineapple fiber are used for emitting plant faint scent, the peculiar smell of the ceramic waste is covered, and the cold flower with stem penetrating, the visitor and the pineapple fiber can also absorb peculiar smell, so that double effects of emitting fragrance, covering peculiar smell and absorbing peculiar smell are achieved, the peculiar smell eliminating effect is enhanced, the pineapple fiber has the waterproof and moistureproof effects, concrete building blocks can not crack and collapse under a humid environment, graphene oxide has the waterproof and barrier effects, peculiar smell gas can be effectively prevented from diffusing to the outside of the building blocks, and meanwhile, the moistureproof effect of the building blocks is enhanced; in addition, corn starch and chitosan in the adsorbent can form a coating film, titanium dioxide, silver-loaded manganese dioxide, nano clean stone, diatomite and eggshell powder are coated in the coating film, quicklime and water release heat, ammonium polyphosphate can be subjected to thermal decomposition reaction to generate polyphosphoric acid acidic substances, the coating film formed by chitosan and corn starch is easily decomposed in an acidic environment to release a coating substance, and peculiar smell adsorption and formaldehyde purification effects are exerted And (4) a waterproof effect.
Preferably, the preparation method of the adsorbent is as follows:
(1) dissolving corn starch with water, dissolving chitosan with glacial acetic acid, mixing corn starch solution and chitosan solution at a mass ratio of 1:0.9-1.1, gelatinizing at 90-95 deg.C for 0.5-1h, and mixing to obtain membrane preparation A; (2) putting the eggshell membrane powder into a mixed solution of beta-thiopropionic acid and formic acid, heating to 80-95 ℃, and uniformly stirring to prepare a membrane preparation B, wherein the mass ratio of the eggshell membrane powder to the mixed solution is 0.75-1:1, and the mass ratio of the beta-thiopropionic acid to the formic acid is 1: 0.8-1; (3) mixing the membrane preparation A and the membrane preparation B, adding titanium dioxide and silver-loaded manganese dioxide, and uniformly mixing to obtain a membrane preparation C; (4) mixing the nano clean stone, the eggshell powder and the diatomite, spraying the membrane preparation C on the nano clean stone, the eggshell powder and the diatomite while stirring, and drying by hot air to prepare the adsorbent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the corn starch and the chitosan are respectively dissolved and then mixed to form the membrane preparation A, the eggshell membrane powder is dissolved by beta-thiopropionic acid and formic acid to form the membrane preparation B, the membrane preparation A and the membrane preparation B are mixed and then added with titanium dioxide and silver-loaded manganese dioxide to form the membrane preparation C, the membrane preparation C is wrapped on the surfaces of nano clean stone, eggshell powder and diatomite, the membrane preparation C is solidified after drying, the titanium dioxide and the silver-loaded manganese dioxide are attached to the surface of the solidified membrane preparation C, and because the titanium dioxide and the silver-loaded manganese dioxide have catalytic degradation effect on harmful gases such as formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene and the like, the degradation effect of the concrete block can not be influenced even if the concrete block is contacted with slurry in the stirring process of the concrete slurry, so that the purification effect of the harmful gases such as formaldehyde can be exerted when the wrapping membrane formed by the corn starch and the chitosan is not decomposed, along with the gradual hardening of building block, the coating film that cornstarch and chitosan formed decomposes gradually, and inside cladding is received clean stone, eggshell powder and diatomaceous earth and building block internal contact to performance formaldehyde purification and peculiar smell adsorption effect have effectively prevented that the hole is blockked up when receiving clean stone, diatomaceous earth and eggshell powder and thick liquids contact, thereby has improved the concrete block to harmful gas's such as formaldehyde purification ability and to the adsorption effect of peculiar smell in the building block.
Preferably, the silver-loaded manganese dioxide is prepared by the following method: (1) placing the carbon nano tube in a nitric acid solution, stirring for 3-5h at 60-70 ℃, cooling to room temperature, filtering under reduced pressure, and drying in vacuum at 80-90 ℃, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the nitric acid solution is 1: 100-200;
(2) ultrasonically dispersing 10-20 parts of silver nitrate solution, 50-60 parts of ethylene glycol solution and 50-60 parts of acidified carbon nano tube for 30-120min, adding 60-70 parts of potassium permanganate, stirring at the temperature of 120-130 ℃ for 10-15h, and calcining at the temperature of 400-520 ℃ for 10-12h to prepare the silver-loaded manganese dioxide.
By adopting the technical scheme, the carbon nano tube has extremely large specific surface area and extremely strong hydrophobicity, has better reaction activity and more pore structures, has good adsorption performance, is mixed with manganese dioxide to form a manganese dioxide modified carbon nano tube compound, so that the manganese dioxide can play a role in degrading harmful gases, and the carbon nano tube can adsorb formaldehyde, ammonia and benzene, thereby achieving double purification effects of degradation and adsorption, and meanwhile, the porous structure of the carbon nano tube can adsorb peculiar smell emitted by ceramic waste, and reduce the pungent peculiar smell of the building block; the nano silver is loaded on the manganese dioxide and connected with the carbon nano tube, so that the capability of the silver-loaded manganese dioxide for adsorbing harmful substances such as formaldehyde and the like is improved.
Preferably, the method for preparing the eggshell powder comprises the following steps: cleaning fowl egg, separating shell inner membrane, oven drying egg shell at 40-50 deg.C, pulverizing, sieving with 300 mesh sieve, and calcining at 500-550 deg.C for 1-2 hr.
By adopting the technical scheme, after high-temperature treatment, part of calcium carbonate in the eggshell is decomposed into carbon dioxide which escapes, so that the surface structure of the eggshell is loose, the specific surface area is increased, the pore-shaped structure of the eggshell is greatly enhanced, and the adsorption performance and the adsorption efficiency of the eggshell are improved.
Preferably, the gas former is prepared by mixing aluminum powder, tea saponin and melamine according to the mass ratio of 1:0.3-0.5: 0.5-1.
By adopting the technical scheme, the melamine is used as the water reducing agent, so that the cement concrete block water-retaining agent is strong in adaptability to cement, good in water-retaining property, remarkable in reinforcing effect, low in chloride ion content, free of corrosion to reinforcing steel bars, better in gas generation efficiency of tea saponin and aluminum powder, and capable of effectively improving the impermeability and frost resistance durability of the concrete block when being matched with the melamine.
Preferably, the water-retaining agent is one of polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate and sodium polyacrylate grafted starch.
By adopting the technical scheme, the polyacrylamide, the sodium polyacrylate and the sodium polyacrylate grafted starch have a strong water retention effect, the interaction among particles in the concrete block can be effectively improved, and the strength and the toughness of the concrete are increased.
Preferably, the content of active calcium oxide in the quicklime is more than or equal to 80 percent, the balance of a 0.08mm sieve is less than or equal to 10 percent, and the content of magnesium oxide is less than or equal to 2 percent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the quick lime mainly provides effective calcium oxide for the aerated concrete block, the calcium oxide can react with silicon dioxide, aluminum trioxide and the like in the fly ash to generate hydration products, the quick lime can also be used for gas generation of a gas generating agent, and the lime and the water are heated to quickly harden a blank body.
In a second aspect, the application provides a preparation method of an autoclaved aerated concrete block, which adopts the following technical scheme: a preparation method of an autoclaved aerated concrete block comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the pilea clearwater, the clematis chinensis and the pineapple fibers to 30-50nm, and uniformly mixing the crushed pilea clearwater, the clematis chinensis and the pineapple fibers with graphene oxide to obtain a mixture A;
s2, uniformly mixing cement, quicklime, gypsum, ceramic waste and fly ash to obtain a dry mixture;
s3, adding an adsorbent, ammonium polyphosphate, a water-retaining agent and water into the dry mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture B;
s4, adding the gas former and the mixture A into the mixture B, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed slurry;
and S5, pouring the mixed slurry into a mold, performing static curing and autoclaved curing treatment, drying, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the autoclaved aerated concrete block.
By adopting the technical scheme, the cold water flowers, the guests and the pineapple fibers are crushed to be nano-scale and then mixed with the graphene oxide, the nano-scale powder can be filled between the graphene oxide sheets, the peculiar smell gas in the building block can only diffuse through gaps among the graphene oxide sheets, after the cold water flowers, the guests and the pineapple fiber powder are filled in the gaps among the graphene oxide sheets, peculiar smell molecule diffusion paths are increased, so that the peculiar smell molecule diffusion paths are absorbed by the cold water flowers, the cold water flowers and the pineapple fiber powder in the diffusion process, then dry materials such as cement, quicklime and the like are mixed and then mixed with the adsorbent, ammonium polyphosphate, a water retaining agent and water, a gas generating agent is added for maintenance, and casting is carried out, the preparation method is simple, and the prepared concrete block has no peculiar smell, strong capability of adsorbing harmful gases such as formaldehyde and the like, and good air purification effect.
Preferably, in the step S5, the static curing and autoclaving treatment specifically includes: standing at 40-50 deg.C for 3-4h, demolding after curing, and autoclaving at 190 deg.C and 0.9-1.3MPa for 10-12 h.
Preferably, in step S4, 10 to 15 parts by weight of steel bar rust inhibitor is added to the mixture B, and the preparation method of the steel bar rust inhibitor is as follows: dissolving 10-15 parts of gelatin, adding 3.4-5 parts of 4-aminophenol and 1.2-2.4 parts of 5, 6-benzoquinoline, and uniformly mixing; (2) adding 20-25 parts of deionized water and 1-1.5 parts of hydrochloric acid into 10-15 parts of attapulgite, preserving heat for 20-30min at 80-100 ℃, cooling, washing with deionized water until the pH value is 5-6, and calcining for 2-3h at 420-450 ℃; (3) adding 10-15 parts of chitin into 20-25 parts of 50% sodium hydroxide, refluxing for 2-3h, washing with deionized water to neutrality, drying at 105-110 ℃ for 2h, uniformly mixing with the calcined attapulgite and the product obtained in the step (1), standing at 20-30 ℃, and crushing to obtain the steel bar antirust agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the attapulgite has the specific surface area of crystal water channels and cavities penetrating through the whole structure, after calcination and activation, the adsorption capacity of the attapulgite is enhanced, after chitin is subjected to reflux calcination, the adsorption capacity of the chitin on steel bars is enhanced, the chitin and the calcined attapulgite are mixed and then mutually combined to increase the intramolecular pore structure, so that the groups such as hydroxyl, amino and the like are activated, the adsorption capacity is greatly improved, the chitin is mixed with gelatin, 4-aminophenol and 5, 6-benzoquinoline to form a steel bar antirust agent, the gelatin coated on the attapulgite and the chitin is mixed into a concrete block, the gelatin is dissolved due to the heat release effect of quicklime and is attached to the surfaces of the steel bars under the adsorption effect of the attapulgite and the chitin, and the 4-aminophenol and the 5, 6-benzoquinoline attached to the surfaces of the gelatin have stronger antirust effect on the steel bars, so that a layer of gelatin attached with 4-aminophenol, 5, 6-benzoquinoline, attapulgite and chitin is formed on the surface of the reinforcing steel bar, thereby enhancing the antirust effect of the reinforcing steel bar.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the concrete block, quicklime, cement, fly ash, ammonium polyphosphate, cold water flowers penetrating stems, guests, pineapple fibers and the like are used as main raw materials of the concrete block, and an adsorbent made of chitosan, corn starch, eggshell powder and the like is doped, so that the pineapple fibers, the guests and the cold water flowers penetrating stems have plant fragrance and have an adsorption function and can purify peculiar smell in the block, the eggshell powder, the diatomite and the nano clean stone in the adsorbent have an effect of adsorbing harmful gases such as formaldehyde, the titanium dioxide and the silver-loaded manganese dioxide have an effect of catalytically degrading the formaldehyde, and under the action of the adsorbent, the block is high in capacity of adsorbing harmful substances such as formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia and the like, and the air purification effect is good.
2. The corn starch and the chitosan which assist titanium dioxide and silver-loaded manganese dioxide are coated on the clean stone, the diatomite and the eggshell powder, the corn starch and the chitosan are easily decomposed under an acidic condition, the ammonium polyphosphate generates a thermal decomposition reaction when the quick lime meets water and releases heat, acidic substances such as polyphosphoric acid are produced, a coating film formed by the corn starch and the chitosan is decomposed, the clean stone inside the coating film is released, the diatomite and the eggshell powder are released, the clean stone is prevented from being coated, the diatomite and the eggshell powder are mixed in slurry, surface pores are blocked, the adsorption capacity of the concrete block on formaldehyde, ammonia and benzene is improved, and the air purification effect is enhanced.
3. In the application, the carbon nano tube, the potassium permanganate and the silver nitrate are preferably adopted to prepare the silver-loaded manganese dioxide, and the carbon nano tube is mixed with the potassium permanganate to generate a manganese dioxide and carbon nano tube compound, and then the manganese dioxide and the carbon nano tube compound react with the silver nitrate to load silver ions on the manganese dioxide, so that the adsorption performance of the prepared silver-loaded manganese dioxide is enhanced, the effect of catalyzing harmful substances such as formaldehyde is improved, and the moisture-proof and waterproof effects of the concrete building block are further improved under the action of the carbon nano tube.
4. The concrete block is preferably added with a steel bar antirust agent prepared from attapulgite, chitin, gelatin, 4-aminophenol and 5, 6-benzoquinoline, the activated attapulgite and chitin have strong adsorption capacity on steel bars, the activated attapulgite and chitin can carry the gelatin, 4-aminophenol and 5, 6-benzoquinoline to be attached to the surfaces of the steel bars, and after the gelatin is solidified, a protective film is formed, so that the steel bars are prevented from being corroded.
Detailed Description
Preparation examples 1 to 4 of silver-carrying manganese dioxide
Preparation examples 1 to 4 the carbon nanotubes were selected from the group consisting of Beijing Deke island gold technologies, Inc., model number CNT 104.
Preparation example 1: (1) 50g of carbon nano tube is put into nitric acid solution, stirred for 5h at 60 ℃, cooled to room temperature, filtered by a 0.22um microporous filtering membrane under reduced pressure, washed to be neutral by deionized water, and dried in vacuum for 24h at 80 ℃, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the nitric acid solution is 1: 100.
(2) 10g of silver nitrate solution with the mass fraction of 20%, 50g of ethylene glycol solution and 50g of acidified carbon nano tube are subjected to ultrasonic dispersion for 30min under the power of 300W, 60g of potassium permanganate is added, stirring is carried out at 120 ℃ for 15h, and calcination is carried out at 400 ℃ for 12h, so that the silver-loaded manganese dioxide is prepared.
Preparation example 2: (1) 50g of carbon nano tube is put into nitric acid solution, stirred for 4 hours at 65 ℃, cooled to room temperature, filtered by a 0.22um microporous filtering membrane under reduced pressure, washed to be neutral by deionized water, and dried for 22 hours under vacuum at 85 ℃, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the nitric acid solution is 1: 150.
(2) According to parts by weight, 15g of silver nitrate solution with the mass fraction of 25%, 55g of ethylene glycol solution and 55g of acidified carbon nano tube are subjected to ultrasonic dispersion for 80min under the power of 250W, 65g of potassium permanganate is added, stirring is carried out at 125 ℃ for 13h, and calcination is carried out at 460 ℃ for 11h, so as to obtain the silver-loaded manganese dioxide.
Preparation example 3: (1) 50g of carbon nano tube is put into nitric acid solution, stirred for 3h at 70 ℃, cooled to room temperature, filtered by a 0.22um microporous filtering membrane under reduced pressure, washed to be neutral by deionized water, and dried in vacuum for 20h at 90 ℃, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the nitric acid solution is 1: 200.
(2) 20g of silver nitrate solution with the mass fraction of 30%, 60g of ethylene glycol solution and 60g of acidified carbon nano tube are subjected to ultrasonic dispersion for 120min under the power of 200W, 70g of potassium permanganate is added, stirring is carried out for 15h at the temperature of 130 ℃, and calcination is carried out for 10h at the temperature of 520 ℃ to obtain the silver-loaded manganese dioxide.
Preparation example 4: the difference from preparation example 1 is that the acidified carbon nanotubes were not added in step (2).
Preparation examples 1 to 8 of adsorbents
The corn starch of preparation examples 1-8 is selected from 049, model number, available from Dapinghua technology, Inc., of Foshan; the chitosan is selected from Qingdao Hevesen Biotechnology Co., Ltd, model number is 00123; the eggshell membrane powder is selected from Xian Tian Guangyuan biological technology Co., Ltd, and the model is TGY-1138; the titanium dioxide is selected from Jiangsu Tianxing new material company, and the model is A12; selected from Henan Xingsen activated carbon Co., Ltd, with model number XS-006; the diatomaceous earth is selected from Orotae product processing plant of Lingshou county, with a cargo number of 5569.
Preparation example 1: (1) dissolving 1.5kg of corn starch with 5kg of water, dissolving 2.4kg of chitosan with 10kg of glacial acetic acid, mixing the corn starch solution and the chitosan solution according to the mass ratio of 1:0.9, gelatinizing for 1h at 90 ℃, and uniformly mixing to prepare a membrane preparation A; (2) putting 1.5kg of eggshell membrane powder into a mixed solution of beta-thiopropionic acid and formic acid, heating to 80 ℃, and uniformly stirring to prepare a membrane preparation B, wherein the mass ratio of the eggshell membrane powder to the mixed solution is 0.75:1, the mass ratio of the beta-thiopropionic acid to the formic acid is 1:0.8, the concentration of the beta-thiopropionic acid is 0.5g/L, and the concentration of the formic acid is 10%; (3) after the membrane preparation A and the membrane preparation B are uniformly mixed, 0.5kg of titanium dioxide and 0.6kg of silver-loaded manganese dioxide are added and uniformly mixed to prepare a membrane preparation C, wherein the silver-loaded manganese dioxide is selected from preparation example 1 of silver-loaded manganese dioxide; (4) mixing 1kg of Najing stone, 0.8kg of eggshell powder and 0.4kg of diatomite, spraying the membrane preparation C on the Najing stone, the eggshell powder and the diatomite while stirring, and drying by hot air to obtain the adsorbent, wherein the hot air drying temperature is 55 ℃, the hot air drying time is 30min, and the eggshell powder is prepared by cleaning eggs, separating shells from inner membranes, crushing and sieving by a 300-mesh sieve.
Preparation example 2: (1) dissolving 2kg of corn starch with 6kg of water, dissolving 3kg of chitosan with 11kg of glacial acetic acid, mixing the corn starch solution and the chitosan solution according to the mass ratio of 1:1, gelatinizing at 95 ℃ for 0.5h, and uniformly mixing to prepare a membrane preparation A; (2) 2kg of eggshell membrane powder is put into a mixed solution of beta-thiopropionic acid and formic acid, the mixture is heated to 90 ℃ and stirred uniformly to prepare a membrane preparation B, the mass ratio of the eggshell membrane powder to the mixed solution is 0.9:1, the mass ratio of the beta-thiopropionic acid to the formic acid is 1:0.9, the concentration of the beta-thiopropionic acid is 0.8g/L, and the concentration of the formic acid is 15%; (3) after the membrane preparation A and the membrane preparation B are uniformly mixed, 1kg of titanium dioxide and 0.8kg of silver-loaded manganese dioxide are added and uniformly mixed to prepare a membrane preparation C, wherein the silver-loaded manganese dioxide is selected from preparation example 2 of silver-loaded manganese dioxide; (4) mixing 1.3kg of Najing stone, 1.1kg of eggshell powder and 0.6kg of diatomite, spraying the membrane preparation C on the Najing stone, the eggshell powder and the diatomite while stirring, and drying by hot air to obtain the adsorbent, wherein the hot air drying temperature is 60 ℃, the hot air drying time is 25min, and the eggshell powder is prepared by cleaning eggs, separating shells and inner membranes, crushing and sieving by a 300-mesh sieve.
Preparation example 3: (1) dissolving 2.5kg of corn starch with 7kg of water, dissolving 3.5kg of chitosan with 12kg of glacial acetic acid, mixing the corn starch solution and the chitosan solution according to the mass ratio of 1:1.1, gelatinizing at 95 ℃ for 0.5h, and uniformly mixing to obtain a membrane preparation A; (2) 2.5kg of eggshell membrane powder is put into a mixed solution of beta-thiopropionic acid and formic acid, heated to 95 ℃, and stirred uniformly to prepare a membrane preparation B, wherein the mass ratio of the eggshell membrane powder to the mixed solution is 1:1, the mass ratio of the beta-thiopropionic acid to the formic acid is 1:1, the concentration of the beta-thiopropionic acid is 1g/L, and the concentration of the formic acid is 20%; (3) after uniformly mixing the membrane preparation A and the membrane preparation B, adding 1.5kg of titanium dioxide and 1kg of silver-loaded manganese dioxide, and uniformly mixing to obtain a membrane preparation C, wherein the silver-loaded manganese dioxide is selected from preparation example 3 of silver-loaded manganese dioxide; (4) spraying a membrane preparation C on the Najing stone, the eggshell powder and the diatomite by stirring 1.5kg of Najing stone, 1.4kg of eggshell powder and 0.8kg of diatomite, and drying by hot air to obtain the adsorbent, wherein the hot air drying temperature is 65 ℃, the hot air drying time is 20min, and the eggshell powder is prepared by cleaning eggs, separating shells and inner membranes, crushing and sieving by a 300-mesh sieve.
Preparation example 4: the difference from preparation example 1 is that the silver-loaded manganese dioxide is selected from preparation example 4 of silver-loaded manganese dioxide.
Preparation example 5: 1.5kg of corn starch, 2.4kg of chitosan, 1.5kg of protein membrane powder, 0.5kg of titanium dioxide, 0.6kg of silver-loaded manganese dioxide, 0.8kg of eggshell powder, 1kg of Najing stone and 0.4kg of diatomite are uniformly mixed to prepare the adsorbent.
Preparation example 6: the difference from preparation example 1 is that ground eggshell is produced by the following method: cleaning ovum gallus Domesticus, separating shell and inner membrane, oven drying at 40 deg.C for 48 hr, pulverizing, sieving with 300 mesh sieve, and calcining at 500 deg.C for 2 hr.
Preparation example 7: the difference from preparation example 1 is that ground eggshell is produced by the following method: cleaning eggshell powder with ovum gallus Domesticus, separating shell inner membrane, oven drying at 45 deg.C for 44 hr, pulverizing, sieving with 300 mesh sieve, and calcining at 550 deg.C for 1 hr.
Preparation example 8: the difference from preparation example 1 is that ground eggshell is produced by the following method: cleaning ovum gallus Domesticus, separating shell and inner membrane, oven drying at 50 deg.C for 40 hr, pulverizing, sieving with 300 mesh sieve, and calcining at 550 deg.C for 2 hr.
Preparation examples 1 to 7 of reinforcing bar rust inhibitor
The gelatin in preparation examples 1-7 was selected from Jiangsu Polygenic Biotech limited; the 4-aminophenol is selected from the group consisting of chemical Limited liability company of Yangkun, Beijing; the 5, 6-benzoquinoline is selected from Guokang biological technology limited company of Baoji; the attapulgite is selected from Gangchang mineral processing factory in Lingshu county, and has model number of JH-112; the chitin is selected from Henan, three-system commercial and trade company, and has a model number of 005.
Preparation example 1: (1) mixing 10kg of gelatin with 20kg of water, heating to 65 ℃, stirring for dissolution, adding 3.4kg of 4-aminophenol and 1.2kg of 5, 6-benzoquinoline, and uniformly mixing; (2) adding 20kg of deionized water and 1kg of hydrochloric acid into 10kg of attapulgite, preserving heat for 30min at 80 ℃, cooling, washing with deionized water until the pH value is 5, and calcining for 3h at 420 ℃; (3) adding 10kg of chitin into 20kg of 50% sodium hydroxide, heating to 110 ℃, refluxing for 2h, washing with deionized water to neutrality, drying at 105 ℃ for 2h, uniformly mixing with calcined attapulgite and the product obtained in the step (1), standing at 20 ℃, and crushing to 200 meshes to obtain the steel bar antirust agent.
Preparation example 2: (1) mixing 13kg of gelatin with 23kg of water, heating to 65 ℃, stirring for dissolution, adding 4.2kg of 4-aminophenol and 1.8kg of 5, 6-benzoquinoline, and uniformly mixing; (2) adding 23kg of deionized water and 1.3kg of hydrochloric acid into 13kg of attapulgite, preserving heat for 25min at 90 ℃, cooling, washing with deionized water until the pH value is 5.5, and calcining for 2.5h at 440 ℃; (3) adding 13kg of chitin into 23kg of 50% sodium hydroxide, heating to 100 ℃, refluxing for 3h, washing with deionized water to neutrality, drying at 110 ℃ for 2h, uniformly mixing with calcined attapulgite and the product obtained in the step (1), standing at 30 ℃, and crushing to 200 meshes to obtain the steel bar antirust agent.
Preparation example 3: (1) mixing 15kg of gelatin with 25kg of water, heating to 65 ℃, stirring for dissolving, adding 5kg of 4-aminophenol and 2.4kg of 5, 6-benzoquinoline, and uniformly mixing; (2) adding 25kg of deionized water and 1.5kg of hydrochloric acid into 15kg of attapulgite, keeping the temperature at 100 ℃ for 20min, cooling, washing with deionized water until the pH value is 6, and calcining at 450 ℃ for 2 h; (3) adding 15kg of chitin into 25kg of 50% sodium hydroxide, heating to 110 ℃, refluxing for 2h, washing with deionized water to neutrality, drying at 110 ℃ for 2h, uniformly mixing with calcined attapulgite and the product obtained in the step (1), standing at 30 ℃, and crushing to 200 meshes to obtain the steel bar antirust agent.
Preparation example 4: the difference from preparation example 1 is that 4-aminophenol and 5, 6-benzoquinoline are not added in step (1).
Preparation example 5: the difference from the preparation example 1 is that, without carrying out the steps (2) and (3), 10kg of gelatin and 20kg of water are directly mixed, heated to 65 ℃, stirred to be dissolved, 3.4kg of 4-aminophenol and 1.2kg of 5, 6-benzoquinoline are added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to prepare the steel bar antirust agent.
Preparation example 6: the difference from the preparation example 1 is that the product obtained in the step (1) and the product obtained by refluxing and calcining the chitin are uniformly mixed without the step (2) to prepare the steel bar antirust agent.
Preparation example 7: the difference from the preparation example 1 is that the product obtained in the step (1) is uniformly mixed with calcined attapulgite without performing the step (3) to prepare the reinforcing steel bar antirust agent.
Examples
In the following examples, polyacrylamide is selected from a Gui City novelty factory with the model of 0702, sodium polyacrylate is selected from Jiangsu Fushende bioengineering, Inc., sodium polyacrylate grafted starch is selected from Wuxi Fengmen environmental protection technology development, Inc., with the model of FMN-52, graphene oxide is selected from Changzhou carbon glow new materials, with the model of GO-11, pineapple fiber, ammonium polyphosphate is selected from Shandong Yousio chemical technology, Inc., with the model of TY-423, aluminum powder is selected from Shenshan original refractory insulation materials, Inc., with the model of 005, tea saponin is selected from Shaanxi red biological technology, Inc., with the model of BYH093, melamine is selected from Suzhou Guangxi chemical industry, with the product number of 01, isooctanol polyoxyethylene ether is selected from Bituo Xinda New technology development, with the model of JFC, and JC-062 type steel bar rust inhibitor is selected from the Jingcheng chemical engineering, Inc.
Example 1: the preparation method of the autoclaved aerated concrete block comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the pilea clearwater, the clematis chinensis and the pineapple fibers to 30nm, and uniformly mixing the crushed pilea clearwater, the clematis chinensis and the pineapple fibers with graphene oxide to obtain a mixture A, wherein the preparation method of the pineapple fibers comprises the following steps: removing mesophyll from pineapple leaves, washing with water, putting into a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 514g/L, preserving heat for 20 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃, washing with water, drying at the temperature of 75 ℃, putting into a mixed solution which is formed by mixing mineral oil and isooctanol polyoxyethylene ether and has the temperature of 40 ℃, soaking for 10 hours, and drying, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the pineapple leaves, the sodium hydroxide solution and the mixed solution is 1:5:3, and the mass ratio of the mineral oil and the isooctanol polyoxyethylene ether is 1: 0.1;
s2, uniformly mixing cement, quicklime, gypsum, ceramic waste and fly ash to obtain a dry mixture, wherein the cement is P.042.5 portland cement, the relative density is 3.1, and the specific surface area is 350m2The chemical components of the fly ash are shown in Table 2, the content of active calcium oxide in the quick lime is more than or equal to 80 percent, the balance of a 0.08mm sieve is less than or equal to 10 percent, the content of magnesium oxide is less than or equal to 2 percent, the chemical components of gypsum and ceramic waste are shown in Table 2, the fly ash is II-grade fly ash, the residue rate of the 80-micrometer sieve is 0.38 percent, and the specific surface area is 470m2(ii)/kg, chemical composition is shown in table 2;
s3, adding an adsorbent, ammonium polyphosphate, a water-retaining agent and water into the dry mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture B, wherein the adsorbent is selected from preparation example 1 of an adsorbent, and the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide;
s4, adding a gas former and the mixture A into the mixture B, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed slurry, wherein the gas former is prepared by mixing aluminum powder, tea saponin and melamine according to the mass ratio of 1:0.3: 0.5;
s5, pouring the mixed slurry into a mold, performing static curing and autoclaved curing treatment, drying, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the autoclaved aerated concrete block, wherein the static curing and autoclaved curing treatment specifically comprises the following steps: standing at 40 deg.C for 4 hr, demolding after curing, and autoclaving at 180 deg.C and 0.9MPa for 12 hr.
Table 1 raw material amounts of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks in examples 1 to 5
TABLE 2 chemical composition analysis of desulfurized gypsum, fly ash, cement and ceramic waste
| w/％ | CaO | SiO2 | Al2O3 | SO3 | Fe2O3 | Na2O | MgO | Loss on ignition |
| Desulfurized gypsum | 32.73 | 1.62 | 0.62 | 42.13 | 0.48 | 0.02 | 0.9 | 4.2 |
| Fly ash | 1.23 | 55.43 | 34.36 | 0.92 | 5.2 | 0.36 | 0.86 | 1.2 |
| Cement | 59.64 | 21.47 | 5.8 | 2.08 | 4.04 | / | 3.24 | 1.06 |
| Ceramic waste | 0.59 | 69.27 | 15.9 | / | 1.07 | 2.72 | 1.05 | 7.62 |
Example 2: an autoclaved aerated concrete block is different from the autoclaved aerated concrete block in the embodiment 1 in that in the step S1, pilea virens, senecio and pineapple fibers are crushed to 40nm, in the step S3, a water-retaining agent is sodium polyacrylate, and in the step S4, an air-forming agent is prepared by mixing aluminum powder, tea saponin and melamine according to the mass ratio of 1:0.4: 0.8; the static curing and autoclaved curing treatment in the step S5 specifically comprises the following steps: standing at 45 deg.C for 3.5h, demolding after curing, and autoclaving at 185 deg.C and 1.1MPa for 11 h.
Example 3: an autoclaved aerated concrete block is different from the autoclaved aerated concrete block in the embodiment 1 in that in the step S1, cold water flowers, senecio and pineapple fibers are crushed to 50nm, in the step S3, a water retention agent is sodium polyacrylate grafted starch, and in the step S4, a gas former is prepared by mixing aluminum powder, tea saponin and melamine according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5: 1; the static curing and autoclaved curing treatment in the step S5 specifically comprises the following steps: standing at 50 deg.C for 3 hr, demolding after curing, and autoclaving at 190 deg.C and 1.3MPa for 10 hr.
Examples 4 to 5: an autoclaved aerated concrete block is different from the block in example 1 in that the raw material formulation is shown in table 1.
Example 6: an autoclaved aerated concrete block is different from the autoclaved aerated concrete block in the embodiment 1 that an adsorbent is selected from the preparation example 2 of the adsorbent.
Example 7: an autoclaved aerated concrete block differs from the block of example 1 in that the adsorbent is selected from preparation example 3 of the adsorbent.
Example 8: an autoclaved aerated concrete block differs from the block of example 1 in that the adsorbent is selected from preparation example 4 of the adsorbent.
Example 9: an autoclaved aerated concrete block differs from the block of example 1 in that the adsorbent is selected from preparation example 5 of the adsorbent.
Example 10: an autoclaved aerated concrete block differs from the block of example 1 in that the adsorbent is selected from preparation example 6 of the adsorbent.
Example 11: an autoclaved aerated concrete block differs from the block of example 1 in that the adsorbent is selected from preparation example 7 of the adsorbent.
Example 12: an autoclaved aerated concrete block differs from the block of example 1 in that the adsorbent is selected from preparation example 8 of the adsorbent.
Example 13: an autoclaved aerated concrete block is different from the autoclaved aerated concrete block in the embodiment 12 in that 10kg of a reinforcing steel bar antirust agent is added into the mixture B in the step S4, wherein the reinforcing steel bar antirust agent is a commercially available product and is JC-062 in model number.
Example 14: an autoclaved aerated concrete block differs from the block of example 12 in that 10kg of a reinforcing steel bar rust inhibitor is added to the mixture B in step S4, and the reinforcing steel bar rust inhibitor is selected from preparation example 1 of the reinforcing steel bar rust inhibitor.
Example 15: an autoclaved aerated concrete block differs from the block of example 12 in that 13kg of a reinforcing steel bar rust inhibitor selected from preparation example 3 of the reinforcing steel bar rust inhibitor is added to the mixture B in step S4.
Example 16: an autoclaved aerated concrete block differs from the block of example 12 in that 15kg of a reinforcing steel bar rust inhibitor is added to the mixture B in step S4, and the reinforcing steel bar rust inhibitor is selected from preparation example 3 of the reinforcing steel bar rust inhibitor.
Example 17: an autoclaved aerated concrete block differs from the block of example 12 in that 10kg of a reinforcing steel bar rust inhibitor is added to the mixture B in step S4, and the reinforcing steel bar rust inhibitor is selected from preparation example 4 of the reinforcing steel bar rust inhibitor.
Example 18: an autoclaved aerated concrete block differs from the block of example 12 in that 10kg of a reinforcing steel bar rust inhibitor is added to the mixture B in step S4, and the reinforcing steel bar rust inhibitor is selected from preparation example 5 of the reinforcing steel bar rust inhibitor.
Example 19: an autoclaved aerated concrete block differs from example 12 in that 10kg of a reinforcing steel bar rust inhibitor selected from preparation example 6 of the reinforcing steel bar rust inhibitor is added to the mixture B in step S4.
Example 20: an autoclaved aerated concrete block differs from example 12 in that 10kg of a reinforcing steel bar rust inhibitor selected from preparation example 7 of the reinforcing steel bar rust inhibitor is added to the mixture B in step S4.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1: an autoclaved aerated concrete block is different from the autoclaved aerated concrete block in the embodiment 1 that corn starch and chitosan are not added into an adsorbent.
Comparative example 2: the autoclaved aerated concrete block is different from the autoclaved aerated concrete block in the embodiment 1 in that eggshell membrane powder is not added into an adsorbent.
Comparative example 3: an autoclaved aerated concrete block differs from the block in example 1 in that titanium dioxide and silver-loaded manganese dioxide are not added to the adsorbent.
Comparative example 4: an autoclaved aerated concrete block is different from the autoclaved aerated concrete block in that no nano clean stone and no diatomite are added into an adsorbent.
Comparative example 5: an autoclaved aerated concrete block differs from example 1 in that pilea virescens and xianlieke are not added.
Comparative example 6: an autoclaved aerated concrete block differs from the block of example 1 in that no pineapple fiber is added.
Comparative example 7: an autoclaved aerated concrete block is different from the autoclaved aerated concrete block in that graphene oxide is not added.
Comparative example 8: a manufacturing process of an autoclaved aerated concrete block comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials: the cement, quicklime, sand, fly ash, ceramic particles, a water-retaining agent, a water reducing agent, activated carbon and a gas former, wherein the cement comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15% of cement, 15% of quicklime, 30% of sand, 10% of fly ash, 10% of ceramic particles, 5% of water-retaining agent, 5% of water-reducing agent, 5% of activated carbon and 5% of gas-forming agent; the gas former is aluminum powder paste, and the second step is that: raw material treatment: carrying out ball milling on cement, quick lime, sand, fly ash and ceramic particles to a specified fineness; the performance of the autoclaved aerated concrete block is improved;
step three: and (3) casting molding: conveying the ball-milled raw materials and the rest raw materials in the step one into a pouring vehicle, driving the pouring vehicle into a pouring place, and pouring slurry die by die to enable a blank body to be molded by pouring; the casting temperature is 35 ℃, and the casting height is 500 mm;
step four: standing and cutting: standing and stacking the cast blank, standing for 2h, and cutting; standing helps to increase the strength of the green body;
step five: steam pressure curing: feeding the cut blank together with a bottom die into an autoclave for autoclave curing; in order to ensure that steam is easy to permeate into the green body, the curing condition is strengthened, the vacuum degree is 800 multiplied by 105Pa before the steam is introduced, the steam is fed and the pressure is increased, the final steam pressure is controlled at 8 multiplied by 105Pa, and the corresponding steam temperature is controlled at 170 ℃.
Comparative example 9: an autoclaved aerated concrete block is selected from the Fujian province phoenix bamboo novel building materials Co Ltd, and the specification is 600mm multiplied by 200 mm.
Performance test
Firstly, preparing the autoclaved aerated concrete block according to the embodiments and the proportion of each pair, wherein the specification of the block is 600mm multiplied by 200mm, and detecting each property of the autoclaved aerated concrete block according to the following method:
1. sensory evaluation of off-flavor: selecting 20 building block production workers as sensory evaluators, scoring according to the sensory evaluation standards in the table 3, taking the average value of the scoring results of the 20 sensory evaluators as the scoring result, and recording the scoring result in the table 4;
2. harmful gas absorption performance: the building blocks prepared by the embodiments and the respective proportions are used for building a house with the length, width and height of 2.5m respectively, formaldehyde, benzene and ammonia harmful gases with the same concentration are introduced into the closed house at the same time, after 72 hours, the air quality in the house is detected according to GB/T18883-2002 'indoor air quality Standard', and the detection data are recorded in Table 4
TABLE 3 sensory evaluation criteria for building block off-flavor
TABLE 4 detection of odor and harmful gas adsorption effects of autoclaved aerated concrete
As can be seen from the data in examples 1-7 and Table 4, the building blocks prepared by adding the adsorbent prepared by the method have the fragrance of plants, have no pungent peculiar smell, have strong adsorption effect on harmful gases such as formaldehyde, ammonia gas and benzene, can effectively purify the air and improve the air quality.
Silver-loaded manganese dioxide in the adsorbent of example 8 was prepared without using acidified carbon nanotubes as indicated in Table 4As can be seen, the sensory score was reduced to 8.9 points, and the formaldehyde concentration was 0.41mg/m3The concentration of benzene was 0.50mg/m3The concentration of ammonia gas is 0.44mg/m3Compared with the examples 1-7, the block has reduced capability of adsorbing harmful gases, which shows that the preparation of silver-loaded manganese dioxide by using acidified carbon nanotubes can effectively improve the capability of silver-loaded manganese dioxide to adsorb harmful gases.
In comparative example 9, chitosan, protein membrane powder and other raw materials are simply mixed to prepare the adsorbent, and as can be seen from the results in table 4, the adsorption effect of the block prepared in comparative example 9 on formaldehyde is reduced, and the odor elimination effect is poor, which indicates that the preparation method of the adsorbent in the application can effectively improve the harmful gas adsorption capacity of the block and thoroughly eliminate the odor.
In examples 10 to 12, calcined and modified eggshell powder is used, and after calcination, the specific surface area of the eggshell powder is increased, and the eggshell powder releases along with the dissolution of the membrane preparation C, so that harmful gas is adsorbed, and the adsorption capacity of the building block to the harmful gas is obviously enhanced compared with examples 1 to 7.
Compared with the example 12, the building blocks prepared in the examples 13 to 20 have good adsorption effect on formaldehyde, ammonia and benzene and strong odor elimination effect by adding the steel bar antirust agent into the building blocks in the examples 13 to 20.
Comparative example 1 because no corn starch and chitosan are added, the diatomite and the nano clean stone can not be wrapped, the pores are prevented from being blocked, the porosity of the diatomite, the nano clean stone and the eggshell powder is reduced, and the effect of adsorbing harmful gases and peculiar smell is reduced.
Comparative example 2 the odor score of the block was 7.8 and the formaldehyde concentration was 0.44mg/m because no eggshell membrane powder was added3Compared with examples 1-7, the absorption effect of the peculiar smell and the harmful gas is poorer, which shows that the eggshell membrane powder has the absorption effect, can absorb the peculiar smell and reduce the content of the harmful gas.
In comparative example 3, because titanium dioxide and silver-loaded manganese dioxide are not added, the odor adsorption effect of the building block is reduced, and the concentration of formaldehyde, ammonia gas and benzene is not obviously reduced compared with the initial concentration, which shows that the carbon nano tube doped in the silver-loaded manganese dioxide has the adsorption effect on the odor and improves the purification effect on harmful gases.
Comparative example 4 the formaldehyde concentration was reduced to 0.45mg/m without adding Nazin stone and diatomaceous earth3The block prepared in comparative example 4 had a reduced formaldehyde purification effect compared to example 1.
Comparative example 5 no pilea virgata and fagopyrum xianmao were added, and comparative example 6 no pineapple fiber was added, and comparative example 5 and comparative example 6 were prepared to emit pungent odor without the light fragrance of aromatic plants.
Comparative example 7 the odor score of the block is increased compared to example 1 due to the absence of added graphene oxide, and the concentrations of formaldehyde, ammonia and benzene are increased, which shows that the use of graphene oxide can effectively block off odor and harmful gas from escaping from the block.
Comparative example 8 is an autoclaved aerated concrete block prepared by the prior art, which has an odor score of 5.4 and a formaldehyde concentration of 0.54mg/m3As can be seen by comparison, the block prepared by the method has obviously better effect of eliminating peculiar smell and adsorbing harmful gases such as formaldehyde and the like than the block prepared by the method in the comparative example 8.
Comparative example 9 is a commercial block which emits a strong odor and has no adsorbing and purifying effect on harmful gases such as formaldehyde.
Secondly, preparing the autoclaved aerated concrete blocks according to the embodiments and the proportion, wherein the specification of the blocks is 600mm multiplied by 200mm, placing the autoclaved aerated concrete blocks in a humid environment with the same conditions, observing and recording the surface characteristics of the blocks every 3 months, and detecting the compression strength and the dry density of the blocks according to GB/T11968-2006 'autoclaved aerated concrete blocks', and recording the detection results in a table 5.
TABLE 5 detection of moisture resistance of autoclaved aerated concrete
It can be seen by combining table 4 with examples 1 to 7 and examples 9 to 20 that the autoclaved aerated concrete blocks prepared in examples 1 to 7 and 9 to 20 have complete surfaces and no cracks when placed in a humid environment for 3 months and 6 months, the hydrophobic effect is reduced because no carbon nanotube is added to silver-loaded manganese dioxide in example 8, so that the blocks collapse after being placed in the humid environment for 6 months, eggshell membrane powder is not added in comparative example 2, and the edges of the blocks are rotten and collapsed after the blocks prepared in comparative example 2 are placed in the humid environment for 6 months, so that the compressive strength is reduced and the service life is shortened; the pineapple fiber is not added in the comparative example 6, the edge of the building block collapses, the compressive strength is reduced, the graphene oxide is not added in the comparative example 7, the compressive strength of the building block is reduced, and the fact that the moisture-proof capacity of the building block can be effectively improved by adding the eggshell membrane powder, the pineapple fiber and the graphene oxide is shown, and the service life of the building block is prolonged.
Thirdly, preparing the steel bar antirust agent according to the method in the preparation examples 1 to 7 of the steel bar antirust agent, detecting the adhesive force of the steel bar antirust agent according to JC/T855-1999 test method for the antirust performance of the steel bar coating of autoclaved aerated concrete slab, autoclaved aerated concrete blocks were prepared according to the methods of example 1, examples 13-20 and comparative examples 8-9, and steel bars are mixed into the mixed slurry which is not formed into a blank body during pouring, so that the steel bars are completely inserted into the mixed slurry, making into blocks with specification of 600mm × 200mm × 200mm, soaking the blocks in 3.5% saline solution, continuously observing for 3 months, crushing the blocks, observing corrosion condition of internal steel bar, and the bond stress between the concrete block and the reinforcing steel bar is detected according to 6.8 in JTJ270-1998 concrete test regulations for water transportation engineering, and the result is shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 Performance testing of Steel Bar Rust inhibitors
As can be seen from the data in Table 6, the adhesion strength of the steel bar rust inhibitor prepared in preparation examples 1-3 of the steel bar rust inhibitor is 3.4-3.6N/25mm, and the autoclaved aerated concrete blocks prepared in examples 14-16, to which the steel bar rust inhibitor prepared in preparation examples 1-3 was added, have the advantages that the surface of the steel bar is not corroded after being soaked in salt water for 3 months, and the bond strength between the steel bar and the block is 295 plus 298KN, which indicates that the steel bar rust inhibitor prepared in the application has high adhesion strength with the steel bar and good rust-proof capability.
The steel bar antirust agent is not added in the example 1, the commercially available steel bar antirust agent is added in the example 13, and the detection in the table 6 shows that after the building block prepared in the example 1 is soaked in salt water for 3 months, the corrosion phenomenon occurs on the surface of the steel bar, the bond strength of the steel bar is lower than that of the examples 14 to 16, the adhesion force of the commercially available steel bar antirust agent in the example 13 is smaller, the corrosion phenomenon occurs on the steel bar in the building block after being soaked in salt water, and the bond strength of the steel bar is increased compared with that of the example 1, but the bond strength of the steel bar is poorer than that of the steel bar in the examples 14 to 16, which indicates that the steel bar antirust agent prepared in the application has better antirust capability.
In example 17, 4-aminophenol and 5, 6-benzoquinoline were not added to the rust inhibitor for reinforcing bars in preparation example 4, and the adhesion thereof was not much changed from that of the rust inhibitor for reinforcing bars prepared in preparation example 1 in example 14, but the rust inhibiting effect on reinforcing bars was inferior to that of example 14 when the rust inhibitor for reinforcing bars was blended into blocks.
Example 18 since chitin and calcined attapulgite were not added to the rust inhibitor in the steel bar of preparation example 5, the adhesion and rust-inhibiting ability of the rust inhibitor for steel bars were significantly reduced as compared with those of the rust inhibitors for steel bars prepared in preparation examples 1 to 3.
In example 19, the steel bar antirust agent in preparation example 6 does not use calcined attapulgite, and in example 20, the steel bar antirust agent in preparation example 7 does not use chitin, and the result is subjected to reflux calcination, so that the building blocks prepared in examples 19 to 20 are detected to have reduced antirust effect on the steel bars, and the bond strength of the steel bars is reduced.
Comparative example 8 is a concrete block prepared by the prior art, comparative example 9 is a commercial concrete block, and similar to example 1, the concrete blocks prepared by comparative examples 8 and 9 have poor rust preventive ability against reinforcing steel bars.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The autoclaved aerated concrete block is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of cement, 25-35 parts of quick lime, 5-10 parts of gypsum, 20-30 parts of fly ash, 30-45 parts of ceramic waste, 3-5 parts of a gas former, 3-5 parts of a water-retaining agent, 5-10 parts of cold water flowers with stem penetrating, 5-8 parts of xianlike, 7-12 parts of pineapple fiber, 10-15 parts of an adsorbent, 3.5-5 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 4-8 parts of graphene oxide and 80-100 parts of water;
the adsorbent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.5-2.5 parts of eggshell membrane powder, 2.4-3.5 parts of chitosan, 1.5-2.5 parts of corn starch, 0.5-1.5 parts of titanium dioxide, 0.6-1 part of silver-loaded manganese dioxide, 1-1.5 parts of Najing stone, 0.4-0.8 part of diatomite and 0.8-1.4 parts of eggshell powder;
the preparation method of the adsorbent comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving corn starch with water, dissolving chitosan with glacial acetic acid, mixing corn starch solution and chitosan solution at a mass ratio of 1:0.9-1.1, gelatinizing at 90-95 deg.C for 0.5-1h, and mixing to obtain membrane preparation A; (2) putting the eggshell membrane powder into a mixed solution of beta-thiopropionic acid and formic acid, heating to 80-95 ℃, and uniformly stirring to prepare a membrane preparation B, wherein the mass ratio of the eggshell membrane powder to the mixed solution is 0.75-1:1, and the mass ratio of the beta-thiopropionic acid to the formic acid is 1: 0.8-1; (3) mixing the membrane preparation A and the membrane preparation B, adding titanium dioxide and silver-loaded manganese dioxide, and uniformly mixing to obtain a membrane preparation C; (4) mixing the nano clean stone, the eggshell powder and the diatomite, spraying the membrane preparation C on the nano clean stone, the eggshell powder and the diatomite while stirring, and drying by hot air to prepare the adsorbent.
2. The autoclaved aerated concrete block according to claim 1, wherein the silver-loaded manganese dioxide is prepared by the following method: (1) placing the carbon nano tube in a nitric acid solution, stirring for 3-5h at 60-70 ℃, cooling to room temperature, filtering under reduced pressure, and drying in vacuum at 80-90 ℃, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the nitric acid solution is 1: 100-200;
(2) ultrasonically dispersing 10-20 parts of silver nitrate solution, 50-60 parts of ethylene glycol solution and 50-60 parts of acidified carbon nano tube for 30-120min, adding 60-70 parts of potassium permanganate, stirring at the temperature of 120-130 ℃ for 10-15h, and calcining at the temperature of 400-520 ℃ for 10-12h to prepare the silver-loaded manganese dioxide.
3. The autoclaved aerated concrete block according to claim 1, wherein the eggshell powder is prepared by the following method: cleaning fowl egg, separating shell inner membrane, oven drying egg shell at 40-50 deg.C, pulverizing, sieving with 300 mesh sieve, and calcining at 500-550 deg.C for 1-2 hr.
4. The autoclaved aerated concrete block according to claim 1, wherein the gas former is prepared by mixing aluminum powder, tea saponin and melamine according to a mass ratio of 1:0.3-0.5: 0.5-1.
5. The autoclaved aerated concrete block according to claim 1, wherein the water retaining agent is one of polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate and sodium polyacrylate grafted starch.
6. The autoclaved aerated concrete block according to claim 1, wherein the content of active calcium oxide in the quicklime is more than or equal to 80%, the balance of a 0.08mm sieve is less than or equal to 10%, and the content of magnesium oxide is less than or equal to 2%.
7. The method for preparing an autoclaved aerated concrete block as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, crushing the pilea clearwater, the clematis chinensis and the pineapple fibers to 30-50nm, and uniformly mixing the crushed pilea clearwater, the clematis chinensis and the pineapple fibers with graphene oxide to obtain a mixture A;
s2, uniformly mixing cement, quicklime, gypsum, ceramic waste and fly ash to obtain a dry mixture;
s3, adding an adsorbent, ammonium polyphosphate, a water-retaining agent and water into the dry mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture B;
s4, adding the gas former and the mixture A into the mixture B, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed slurry;
and S5, pouring the mixed slurry into a mold, performing static curing and autoclaved curing treatment, drying, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the autoclaved aerated concrete block.
8. The preparation method of the autoclaved aerated concrete block according to claim 7, wherein in the step S5, the static curing and the autoclaved curing treatment specifically comprise: standing at 40-50 deg.C for 3-4h, demolding after curing, and autoclaving at 190 deg.C and 0.9-1.3MPa for 10-12 h.
9. The method for preparing the autoclaved aerated concrete block according to claim 7, wherein in the step S4, 10-15 parts by weight of steel bar rust inhibitor is added into the mixture B, and the preparation method of the steel bar rust inhibitor comprises the following steps: dissolving 10-15 parts of gelatin, adding 3.4-5 parts of 4-aminophenol and 1.2-2.4 parts of 5, 6-benzoquinoline, and uniformly mixing; (2) adding 20-25 parts of deionized water and 1-1.5 parts of hydrochloric acid into 10-15 parts of attapulgite, preserving heat for 20-30min at 80-100 ℃, cooling, washing with deionized water until the pH value is 5-6, and calcining for 2-3h at 420-450 ℃; (3) adding 10-15 parts of chitin into 20-25 parts of 50% sodium hydroxide, refluxing for 2-3h, washing with deionized water to neutrality, drying at 105-110 ℃ for 2h, uniformly mixing with the calcined attapulgite and the product obtained in the step (1), standing at 20-30 ℃, and crushing to obtain the steel bar antirust agent.
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