CN112876023A - Pretreatment method for recovering oil sludge by using thermal desorption device - Google Patents
Pretreatment method for recovering oil sludge by using thermal desorption device Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pretreatment method for recovering oil sludge by using a thermal desorption device, which comprises the following steps: firstly, oil-containing waste classification treatment: 1) separating oil sludge with the upper-layer solid content not more than 20% in the oil sludge storage pool to obtain oil sludge I; simultaneously, crushing the mixture of the oil sludge with the lower layer solid content of more than 20% and the solid waste in the oil sludge storage pool, and filtering after crushing to obtain a class of oil sludge raw materials with the solid particle diameter of less than 2 inches; 2) stirring and heating the oil sludge I, separating by using a three-phase separation device to obtain oil sludge II with the solid content of more than 20%, and treating the oil sludge II according to the working procedures of the step 1) to obtain a second class oil sludge raw material; secondly, adding a conditioning agent into the first-class oil sludge raw material and the second-class oil sludge raw material respectively, uniformly mixing, and then sending into a thermal desorption device for thermal desorption treatment; and thirdly, condensing the oil vapor obtained by thermal desorption and then carrying out oil-water separation treatment. The advantages are that: the thermal desorption process is heated more uniformly and the heat utilization rate is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology for treating oily waste, in particular to a pretreatment method for recovering oil sludge by using a thermal desorption device.
Background
Currently, the major oily wastes currently in use in the industry include at least the following:
1) in the process of oil extraction production, crude oil transportation, device maintenance and oil well disassembly in an oil field, some petroleum can not be recovered after blowout and blowout, and more or less crude oil flows to the ground due to accidents, running, overflowing, dripping, leakage and the like, so that the ground oil sludge is formed. The oil sludge falling to the ground is brownish black, has high mud and water content and has the smell of crude oil.
2) When an oil product storage tank stores oil products, particularly crude oil, the storage time is generally longer, particularly when the oil products are stored strategically, the storage time is longer, at the moment, the crude oil and inorganic impurities in the oil products, such as high-melting-point wax, asphaltene and colloid, sand grains, soil, heavy metal salts and the like, which are carried along with water, settle and accumulate at the bottom of the oil tank due to density difference to form a black and thick colloidal substance layer, namely tank bottom oil sludge, and the amount of the oil sludge generally accounts for 1% -2% of the capacity of the storage tank. Tank bottom oil sludge generally has high water content, large oil content and contains oil and other harmful substances.
3) The ground in the oil-gas field ground oil spill mainly refers to agricultural or agricultural soil in the oil-gas field area, and also includes sloppy soil along the beach, sandy soil and the like; the spilled oil mainly refers to the crude oil falling to the ground, and also includes finished oil such as kerosene, gasoline and the like falling to the ground. The oil-gas field has many links of producing ground oil spill, and the drilling operation, well testing, well blowout and cleaning of the drilling equipment are carried out in the drilling process; the oil pumping pipe is broken in the oil extraction process, the Christmas tree machine leaks, and the oil pumping machine stops production to carry out operation and maintenance; the ground oil spill can be generated in the processes of leakage caused by the fracture of a gathering and transporting tank line, crude oil refining and processing and the like in the crude oil gathering and transporting process, so that oil sludge is formed.
4) Sludge generated by a sewage treatment system of an oil refinery mainly comes from bottom sludge of an oil separation tank, floating slag of a flotation tank and residual activated sludge, and is collectively called as 'three sludge'. The oil-containing sludge of the oil refinery has complex properties, high viscosity, difficult sedimentation, difficult concentration and difficult dehydration and treatment technology.
5) The material for containing the pollutants such as oil sludge, for example, woven bags, etc.
6) The oil tank and other wastes generated in the oil product containing process.
The wastes have poor dehydration performance, part of pollutants have high salt content, and the wastes contain heavy metals, benzene series, phenols, pyrene, anthracene and other toxic substances, and part of pollutants also have radioactive pollution to the environment. In normal times, such pollutants are classified as hazardous waste, the treatment cost is very high, and a heavy burden is imposed on production enterprises.
Thermal desorption is one of the oil-containing sludge resource utilization technologies with the most theoretical research value and industrial application value at present. The main principle is that in an inert atmosphere, the oily sludge is heated to 400-1000 ℃ to cause the organic matters in the oily sludge to carry out thermal cracking or thermal shrinkage reaction to generate a condensable oil product with low molecular weight and a small-molecular non-condensable gas product, and solid residues are obtained, wherein the products possibly have higher utilization value than the original oily sludge, and the main products can be selected according to the control of the pyrolysis reaction conditions. Most of the oil sludge is not pretreated before entering the thermal analysis device, or only adopts pretreatment modes such as mechanical dehydration, crushing and the like, and the pretreatment method is single in consideration of the properties and types of the oil sludge.
Chinese patent 201921537825.1 mentions an industrial thermal desorption treatment process system for oily sludge, which comprises a feeding system, a pyrolysis system, a discharging system, a pyrolysis gas dedusting and purifying system, an oil-water separation system, a circulating cooling system, a control system and an auxiliary system. The invention patent 202010625573.0 in China refers to a production method and a production system for extracting oil in oil sludge, which comprises a pretreatment device, a feeding device, an oil sludge pyrolysis device, a slag discharge device and a gas condensation recovery device, wherein the oil sludge pretreatment device comprises a raw oil sludge crusher, an oil sludge three-phase separator, an oil sludge pool and the like. The treatment objects of the two patents are both oil sludge, and the treatment objects are single. The pretreatment device of the oil sludge in the Chinese patent 202010625573.0 is simple, and the treated objects are not subjected to fine screening, so that the oil sludge is heated unevenly, and the utilization rate of heat is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pretreatment method for recovering oil sludge by using a thermal desorption device, which effectively overcomes the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a pretreatment method for recovering oil sludge by using a thermal desorption device comprises the following steps:
step one, oily waste classification treatment:
1) separating oil sludge with the upper-layer solid content not more than 20% in the oil sludge storage pool to obtain oil sludge I; simultaneously, crushing the mixture of the oil sludge with the lower layer solid content of more than 20% and the solid waste in the oil sludge storage pool, and filtering after crushing to obtain a class of oil sludge raw materials with the solid particle diameter of less than 2 inches;
2) stirring and heating the oil sludge I, separating by using a three-phase separation device to obtain oil sludge II with the solid content of more than 20%, and treating the oil sludge II according to the working procedures of the step 1) to obtain a second class oil sludge raw material;
step two, adding a conditioning agent into the first-class oil sludge raw material and the second-class oil sludge raw material respectively, uniformly mixing, and then sending into a thermal desorption device for thermal desorption treatment;
and step three, condensing the oil vapor obtained by the thermal desorption in the step two, and then carrying out oil-water separation treatment to obtain an oil phase.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
In the second step, before thermal desorption, nitrogen and saturated water vapor are introduced into the thermal desorption device to reduce the oxygen content in the device to below 5% so as to prevent the hydrocarbons or other chemical components in the oil sludge from being oxidized.
Further, in the second step, the temperature inside the thermal desorption device is gradually increased to 300-.
Further, in the step 1), the mixture of the oil sludge with the solid content of more than 20% and the solid waste is crushed in a crusher, and is filtered by a vibration grid after being crushed.
Further, in the step 2), the oil sludge I is introduced into a first-stage stirring tank to be uniformly mixed, is heated to 50 +/-5 ℃, is then sent into a vibration separator to separate particles with the size exceeding 20mm, is then sent into a second-stage stirring tank to be uniformly mixed, is heated to 70 +/-5 ℃, and is finally sent into a three-phase separation device to be separated.
Further, a proper amount of 50ppm of demulsifier is added to carry out demulsification in the stirring process in the secondary stirring tank.
Furthermore, in the separation process of the three-phase separation equipment, a proper amount of 300ppm of flocculant is added.
And further, sending the oil phase obtained in the third step into an oil product storage tank.
And further, sending the water phase obtained after the separation in the third step into a sewage treatment station for further treatment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the treatment object is wide, the thermal desorption process is heated more uniformly, and the heat utilization rate is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block flow diagram of a pretreatment process for recovery of oil sludge using a thermal desorption apparatus according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal desorption apparatus for recovering heat from sludge using a thermal desorption apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example (b): as shown in fig. 1, the pretreatment method for recovering sludge by using a thermal desorption apparatus according to the present embodiment includes the steps of:
step one, oily waste classification treatment:
1) separating oil sludge with the upper-layer solid content not more than 20% in the oil sludge storage pool to obtain oil sludge I; simultaneously, crushing the mixture of the oil sludge with the lower layer solid content of more than 20% and the solid waste in the oil sludge storage pool, and filtering after crushing to obtain a class of oil sludge raw materials with the solid particle diameter of less than 2 inches;
2) stirring and heating the oil sludge I, separating by using a three-phase separation device to obtain oil sludge II with the solid content of more than 20%, and treating the oil sludge II according to the working procedures of the step 1) to obtain a second class oil sludge raw material;
step two, adding a conditioning agent into the first-class oil sludge raw material and the second-class oil sludge raw material respectively, uniformly mixing, and then sending into a thermal desorption device for thermal desorption treatment;
and step three, condensing the oil vapor obtained by the thermal desorption in the step two, and then carrying out oil-water separation treatment to obtain an oil phase.
The method firstly tests the oil content and the solid content of substances such as oil sludge to be treated. The method comprises the following steps of uniformly mixing oil sludge with the solid content of more than 20 percent, conveying the mixture into a crusher for crushing after an excavator uniformly mixes the mixture with the solid content of more than 20 percent, filtering the crushed mixture with the diameter of less than 2 inches, conveying the crushed mixture into a thermal desorption device (the mixture with the diameter of more than 2 inches can be sent back into an oil sludge storage pool for secondary crushing treatment and then subjected to thermal desorption), conveying the mixture floating on the upper part of the oil sludge storage pool with the solid content of less than or equal to 20 percent into stirring equipment for stirring and simultaneously heating to 70 +/-5 ℃, and then conveying the mixture into a three-phase separation system for a pretreatment process of separating a water phase, an oil phase and a solid phase, so that the mixture with the. The oil phase (the content of solid and water is less than or equal to 3%) enters a thermal desorption intermediate oil product for storage, the water phase is treated according to sewage, a small amount of non-condensable gas generated in the three-phase separation process enters an oxidizer of a thermal desorption system for combustion (the combustion temperature of the oxidizer reaches more than 800 ℃, the combustion rate can reach more than 99.9%, and the treated tail gas reaches the national comprehensive emission standard), the method can adopt different treatment modes on the basis of judging the solid content of the oil sludge, so that the treated oil sludge is uniformly heated, and the heat utilization rate is improved to more than 95% (practice proves that the heat utilization rate can be improved to 75-80% after the oil sludge is crushed and treated).
What needs to be supplemented is: the oil content of the materials in the thermal desorption device is gradually reduced after the materials are heated by gradually increasing the temperature. The oil content of the material after pyrolysis can be controlled according to the requirement. The oil content can be controlled to be within 0.3 percent according to the temperature and the speed, and the oil content of the sludge of the pyrolysis device in the embodiment reaches the standard of burying.
Of particular note are: in this embodiment, the whole process of thermal desorption is through airtight circulation, guarantees to preheat, the pyrolysis process goes on at anaerobic environment, and safe and reliable effectively stops the production of dioxin.
In this embodiment, in step 1), the crushed material is filtered through a vibrating grid.
It should be noted that: in the embodiment, a conditioner and oil sludge are mixed together for thermal analysis, the conditioner is ground into fine particles with the size of 80-100 mu m, and then the oil sludge and the conditioner are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion. Mixing and feeding into a thermal desorption device. Compared with independent pyrolysis of oil sludge, the yield of recovered oil is improved on the one hand after the conditioner is added, the cracking of heavy components in SARA components of oil-containing sludge is promoted on the other hand, the content of the heavy components is reduced (can be reduced to below 7%), the content of light components is increased, the quality of oil after pyrolysis is greatly improved, and the following is a comparison between the technology of the embodiment and the pyrolysis result without the conditioner:
in a preferred embodiment, in the second step, before thermal desorption, nitrogen gas and saturated steam are introduced into the thermal desorption apparatus to reduce the oxygen content in the apparatus to 5% or less, thereby preventing oxidation of hydrocarbons or other chemical components in the sludge.
In the embodiment, before formal feeding of the thermal desorption device, nitrogen and water vapor are injected into a pyrolysis cavity of the thermal desorption device to reduce the oxygen content in the rotary drum to below 5%, and the temperature in the cavity is controlled to be about 100 ℃. When the oxygen concentration in the cavity is reduced to be below 5 percent, the pretreated oil sludge is sent into the cavity of the thermal desorption device, heat generated by a burner of the thermal desorption device is conducted to internal materials from the outer wall of the cavity, the materials are gradually heated and pyrolyzed under the high-temperature action of the inner and outer heat transfer wall surfaces, the oxygen concentration in the cavity can be further reduced to be close to 0 percent, the temperature in the front drum is controlled to be within 200 ℃ when the oxygen concentration is reduced to be close to 0 percent, and the temperature in the cavity is increased to be within 500 ℃ of the normal operation temperature after the oxygen concentration is reduced to be close to 0 percent.
More specifically, the thermal desorption device generally comprises a cylindrical rotary drum a, two ends of the rotary drum a are respectively provided with a raw material inlet b and a material slag discharge port c, the raw material inlet b is connected with a screw feeder d (feeding), a material inlet of the screw feeder d is connected with a hopper e, the connection is sealed, the material slag discharge port c is connected with a screw feeder f (deslagging), and the raw material inlet b and the material slag discharge port c are both sealed, so that oxygen cannot enter in the operation process.
Preferably, in the step 1), the mixture of the oil sludge and the solid waste with the solid content of more than 20% is crushed in a crusher, and is filtered by a vibration grid after being crushed.
As a preferred embodiment, the oil sludge I is introduced into a primary stirring tank to be uniformly mixed, heated to 50 +/-5 ℃, then sent into a vibration separator to separate particles with the size of more than 20mm, then sent into a secondary stirring tank to be uniformly mixed, heated to 70 +/-5 ℃, and finally sent into a three-phase separation device to be separated.
In the embodiment, after the oil sludge I is stirred by the primary stirring tank, particles with the particle size of more than 20mm are removed by the vibration separator and then enter the secondary stirring tank, the oil sludge in the oil sludge I is heated to about 70 +/-5 ℃, the flocculating agent and the demulsifier are sequentially added, the separation effect is further enhanced while the water in the crude oil and the heavy oil is removed, and the solid-liquid separation is maximally performed after the oil sludge I subsequently enters the three-phase separation system.
And adding a proper amount of 50ppm demulsifier into the secondary stirring tank during stirring to demulsify.
During the separation process of the three-phase separation equipment, a proper amount of 300ppm of flocculant is added.
And (4) sending the oil phase obtained in the third step into an oil product storage tank.
And C, sending the water phase obtained after the separation in the step three into a sewage treatment station for further treatment.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A pretreatment method for recovering oil sludge by using a thermal desorption device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, oily waste classification treatment:
1) separating oil sludge with the upper-layer solid content not more than 20% in the oil sludge storage pool to obtain oil sludge I; simultaneously, crushing the mixture of the oil sludge with the lower layer solid content of more than 20% and the solid waste in the oil sludge storage pool, and filtering after crushing to obtain a class of oil sludge raw materials with the solid particle diameter of less than 2 inches;
2) stirring and heating the oil sludge I, separating by using a three-phase separation device to obtain oil sludge II with the solid content of more than 20%, and treating the oil sludge II according to the working procedures of the step 1) to obtain a second class oil sludge raw material;
step two, adding a conditioning agent into the first-class oil sludge raw material and the second-class oil sludge raw material respectively, uniformly mixing, and then sending into a thermal desorption device for thermal desorption treatment;
and step three, condensing the oil vapor obtained by the thermal desorption in the step two, and then carrying out oil-water separation treatment to obtain an oil phase.
2. A pretreatment method for recovering oil sludge using a thermal analysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: in the second step, before thermal desorption, nitrogen and saturated steam are introduced into the thermal desorption device, and the oxygen content in the device is reduced to be less than 5% so as to prevent hydrocarbons or other chemical components in the oil sludge from being oxidized.
3. A pretreatment method for recovering oil sludge using a thermal analysis apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: in the second step, in the thermal desorption process, the temperature inside the thermal desorption device is gradually increased to 300-500 ℃.
4. A pretreatment method for recovering oil sludge using a thermal analysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the mixture of the oil sludge with the solid content of more than 20 percent and the solid waste is crushed in a crusher and filtered by a vibration grating after being crushed.
5. A pretreatment method for recovering oil sludge using a thermal analysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the oil sludge I is introduced into a first-stage stirring tank to be uniformly mixed, is heated to 50 +/-5 ℃, is sent into a vibration separator to separate particles with the size of more than 20mm, is sent into a second-stage stirring tank to be uniformly mixed, is heated to 70 +/-5 ℃, and is finally sent into a three-phase separation device to be separated.
6. A pretreatment method for recovering oil sludge by using a thermal analysis apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: and adding a proper amount of 50ppm demulsifier into the secondary stirring tank during stirring to demulsify.
7. A pretreatment method for recovering oil sludge by using a thermal analysis apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: and adding a proper amount of 300ppm of flocculating agent in the separation process of the three-phase separation equipment.
8. A pretreatment method for recovering sludge by using a thermal analysis apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: and sending the oil phase obtained in the third step into an oil product storage tank.
9. A pretreatment method for recovering sludge by using a thermal analysis apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: and C, sending the water phase obtained after the separation in the step three into a sewage treatment station for further treatment.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN118221327A (en) * | 2024-05-21 | 2024-06-21 | 国能龙源环保有限公司 | System and method for synergistic sludge reduction treatment of coal-fired power plant |
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