CN112874085A - Light high-strength wood-plastic composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Light high-strength wood-plastic composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112874085A
CN112874085A CN202010581961.1A CN202010581961A CN112874085A CN 112874085 A CN112874085 A CN 112874085A CN 202010581961 A CN202010581961 A CN 202010581961A CN 112874085 A CN112874085 A CN 112874085A
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wood
light
surface layer
plastic
composite material
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CN202010581961.1A
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程海涛
李琪微
李明鹏
王翠翠
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International Center for Bamboo and Rattan
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International Center for Bamboo and Rattan
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Priority to CN202010581961.1A priority Critical patent/CN112874085A/en
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wood-plastic materials, in particular to a light high-strength wood-plastic composite material and a preparation method thereof. The light wood-plastic core layer of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material provided by the invention adopts processing residues, so that the self weight can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced; the structural layer has a mechanical supporting effect and a bonding effect, the bonding force between materials is improved, the purpose of enhancing the mechanical property of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is achieved, the problem that the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is easy to age is solved by the first surface layer and the second surface layer, and the durability is improved.

Description

Light high-strength wood-plastic composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wood-plastic materials, in particular to a light high-strength wood-plastic composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The wood-plastic composite material is a thermoplastic material mainly prepared by hot-pressing wood fibers and plastics, has the advantages of wood and plastics, and has the advantages of high wood appearance and plastic hardness, moth prevention, long service life, cyclic utilization and the like. However, in the existing wood-plastic composite product, the rigidity of the thermoplastic plastic is enhanced by the wood matrix, the original excellent toughness of the plastic matrix is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the problems of strong hygroscopicity, low durability, high material density and high cost are also faced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a light high-strength wood-plastic composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein a light wood-plastic core layer in the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material adopts processing residues as raw materials, so that the self weight can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced; the structural layer can enhance the mechanical property of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material, the first surface layer and the second surface layer solve the problem that the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is easy to age, and the durability is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a light high-strength wood-plastic composite material, which comprises a first surface layer, a second surface layer and a circulating unit arranged between the first surface layer and the second surface layer;
the circulating unit comprises a structural layer and a light wood-plastic core layer;
the number of the circulating units is more than or equal to 1;
the materials of the first surface layer and the second surface layer independently comprise high-weather-resistance resin or resin-based composite materials;
the resin-based composite material comprises plant fibers, thermoplastic resin, a coupling agent and a lubricant;
the structural layer comprises a fibrous woven fabric reinforcing material or a modified thermoplastic polymer;
the light wood-plastic core layer comprises processing residues and thermoplastic plastics;
the processing residues comprise one or more of bamboo chips, wood powder, straws and white mud.
Preferably, the high weather resistance resin is one or more of high density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and polyester resin;
the mass ratio of the plant fibers to the thermoplastic resin to the coupling agent to the lubricant is (20-60): (34-74): 4: 2.
preferably, the materials of the first surface layer and the second surface layer independently comprise a functional auxiliary agent;
the functional auxiliary agent comprises one or more of a light stabilizer, an ultraviolet absorber, an inorganic pigment, a flame retardant and a mildew preventive;
the mass ratio of the functional auxiliary agent to the high-weather-resistance resin is (0-30): 100, respectively;
the mass ratio of the functional auxiliary agent to the resin-based composite material is (0-30): 100.
preferably, the thicknesses of the first surface layer and the second surface layer are 0.1-1 mm independently.
Preferably, the modified thermoplastic polymer is a thermoplastic polymer modified with an inorganic filler;
the inorganic filler comprises carbon nano tubes and micro-nano SiO2Particles, talcOne or more of powder, marble powder, fly ash, floating beads and glass fiber.
Preferably, the thickness of the structural layer is 0.1-10 mm.
Preferably, the light wood-plastic core layer is of a microporous structure, the porosity of the microporous structure is 15% -30%, and the pore density is 105～107cells/cm3The diameter of the micropores is 0.1 to 100 μm.
Preferably, the thermoplastic plastics comprise one or more of polyethylene plastics, polypropylene plastics, polyvinyl chloride plastics and polyamide plastics.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the processing residues to the thermoplastic plastics is (20-60): (30-60).
The invention also provides a preparation method of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material, which comprises the following steps:
respectively preparing a first surface layer and a second surface layer by taking high-weather-resistance resin or resin-based composite material as a raw material and adopting an extrusion molding mode; the resin-based composite material comprises plant fibers, thermoplastic resin, a coupling agent and a lubricant;
preparing a structural layer by taking a fiber braided fabric reinforcing material or a modified thermoplastic polymer as a raw material and adopting an extrusion molding mode;
preparing a light wood-plastic core layer by using processing residues and thermoplastic plastics as raw materials and adopting an extrusion molding or injection molding mode; the processing residues comprise one or more of bamboo chips, wood powder, straws and white mud;
compounding the first surface layer, the circulating unit and the second surface layer in a laminating order in a hot press molding mode to obtain the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material; the circulating unit comprises a structural layer and a light wood-plastic core layer; the number of the circulating units is more than or equal to 1;
or, the preparation method of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material comprises the following steps:
providing a co-extrusion system; the co-extrusion system comprises a double-screw extruder A, a double-screw extruder B, a double-screw extruder C, a distributor, a forming die, a water mist cold spraying groove, a traction device and a cutting saw;
respectively extruding the raw materials of the first surface layer or the second surface layer by a double-screw extruder A, then entering the first surface layer region or the second surface layer region of a forming die, extruding the raw materials of the structure layer by a double-screw extruder B, then entering the structure layer region of the forming die, extruding the raw materials of the light wood-plastic core layer by a double-screw extruder C, then entering the light wood-plastic core layer region of the forming die, and obtaining a light high-strength wood-plastic composite precursor in the forming die;
and (3) cutting the light high-strength wood-plastic composite precursor after passing through a water mist cooling spraying groove and a traction device in sequence to obtain the light high-strength wood-plastic composite.
The invention provides a light high-strength wood-plastic composite material, which comprises a first surface layer, a second surface layer and a circulating unit arranged between the first surface layer and the second surface layer; the circulating unit comprises a structural layer and a light wood-plastic core layer; the number of the circulating units is more than or equal to 1; the materials of the first surface layer and the second surface layer independently comprise high-weather-resistance resin or resin-based composite materials; the resin-based composite material comprises plant fibers, thermoplastic resin, a coupling agent and a lubricant; the structural layer comprises a fibrous woven fabric reinforcing material or a modified thermoplastic polymer; the light wood-plastic core layer comprises processing residues and thermoplastic plastics; the processing residues comprise one or more of bamboo chips, wood powder, straws and white mud. The light wood-plastic core layer in the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material adopts processing residues, so that the self weight can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced; the structural layer has a mechanical supporting effect and a bonding effect, the bonding force between materials is improved, the purpose of enhancing the mechanical property of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is achieved, the problem that the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is easy to age is solved by the first surface layer and the second surface layer, and the durability is improved.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a light high-strength wood-plastic composite material, which comprises a first surface layer, a second surface layer and a circulating unit arranged between the first surface layer and the second surface layer;
the circulating unit comprises a structural layer and a light wood-plastic core layer;
the number of the circulating units is more than or equal to 1;
the materials of the first surface layer and the second surface layer independently comprise high-weather-resistance resin or resin-based composite materials;
the resin-based composite material comprises plant fibers, thermoplastic resin, a coupling agent and a lubricant;
the structural layer comprises a fibrous woven fabric reinforcing material or a modified thermoplastic polymer;
the light wood-plastic core layer comprises processing residues and thermoplastic plastics;
the processing residues comprise one or more of bamboo chips, wood powder, straws and white mud.
In the present invention, all the raw material components are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified.
The light high-strength wood-plastic composite material provided by the invention comprises a first surface layer and a second surface layer. In the invention, the thicknesses of the first surface layer and the second surface layer are independent, preferably 0.1-1 mm, more preferably 0.2-0.8 mm, and most preferably 0.4-0.6 mm.
In the invention, the materials of the first surface layer and the second surface layer independently comprise high-weather-resistance resin or resin-based composite material; in the invention, the high weather-resistant resin is preferably one or more of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and polyester resin; the polyester resin is preferably an unsaturated polyester resin; the unsaturated polyester resin is not limited in kind in the present invention, and the kind well known to those skilled in the art can be adopted; when the high-weatherability resin is two or more of the above specific choices, the present invention does not have any particular limitation on the compounding ratio of the above specific materials, and the specific materials may be mixed in any compounding ratio. In the present invention, the resin-based composite material includes a plant fiber, a thermoplastic resin, a coupling agent and a lubricant; in the invention, the plant fiber is preferably one or more of bamboo fiber, hemp fiber, wood fiber and straw fiber; the length of the plant fiber is preferably 3-8 mm, and the length-diameter ratio is preferably (5-8): 1. in the present invention, the thermoplastic resin is preferably one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride. In the invention, the coupling agent is preferably one or more of isocyanate, cumyl peroxide, aluminate, silane coupling agent, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, titanate coupling agent, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene and ethylene-acrylate copolymer; when the coupling agents are more than two of the above specific choices, the present invention does not have any special limitation on the ratio of the specific substances, and the specific substances can be mixed according to any ratio. In the present invention, the lubricant is preferably a hydrocarbon lubricant and/or epoxidized soybean oil; the hydrocarbon lubricant is preferably PE wax and/or non-liquid natural paraffin wax; when the lubricant is more than two of the above specific choices, the present invention does not have any special limitation on the proportion of the specific substances, and the specific substances can be mixed according to any proportion. In the invention, the mass ratio of the plant fiber, the thermoplastic resin, the coupling agent and the lubricant is preferably (20-60): (34-74): 4:2, more preferably (30 to 50): (40-70): 4:2, most preferably (35-45): (50-60): 4:2.
In the invention, the materials of the first surface layer and the second surface layer independently preferably comprise a functional auxiliary agent; in the invention, the functional auxiliary agent preferably comprises one or more of a light stabilizer, an ultraviolet absorber, an inorganic pigment, a flame retardant and a mildew preventive; when the functional auxiliary agents are more than two of the specific choices, the proportion of the specific substances is not limited in any way, and the specific substances can be mixed according to any proportion; the light stabilizer is preferably a hindered amine light stabilizer and/or a copolymer type high molecular light stabilizer; the hindered amine light stabilizer or the copolymerization type high molecular light stabilizer is not limited in kind in the invention, and the kind well known to those skilled in the art can be adopted; when the light stabilizer is a hindered amine light stabilizer and a copolymerization type high molecular light stabilizer, the invention has no special proportion of the hindered amine light stabilizer and the copolymerization type high molecular light stabilizerLimiting, and mixing according to any proportion; the ultraviolet absorbent is preferably one or more of UV-P, UV-531 and UV-326; when the ultraviolet light absorbers are more than two of the specific choices, the proportion of the specific substances is not limited by any special limit, and the specific substances can be mixed according to any proportion; the inorganic pigment is preferably one or more of carbon black, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide; when the inorganic pigments are more than two of the specific choices, the proportion of the specific substances is not limited in any way, and the specific substances can be mixed according to any proportion; the flame retardant is preferably tetrabromobisphenol A, Sb2O3、Al(OH)3One or more of zinc borate, chlorinated paraffin and ammonium polyphosphate; when the flame retardant is more than two of the specific choices, the specific proportion of the specific substances is not limited in any way, and the specific substances can be mixed according to any proportion; the mildew preventive is preferably a borate mildew preventive; the borate mildew inhibitor is preferably one or more of zinc borate, calcium borate and magnesium borate; when the mildew preventive is more than two of the specific choices, the proportion of the specific substances is not limited in any way, and the substances can be mixed according to any proportion.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the functional auxiliary agent to the high-weatherability resin is preferably (0-30): 100, more preferably (5-25): 100, most preferably (10-20): 100, respectively; the mass ratio of the functional auxiliary agent to the resin-based composite material is preferably (0-30): 100, more preferably (5-25): 100, most preferably (10-20): 100.
in the invention, when the material of the first surface layer or the second surface layer comprises a functional additive, the functional additive is connected with the high weather resistance resin or the resin-based composite material through a coupling agent; the coupling agent preferably comprises one or more of isocyanate, cumyl peroxide, aluminate, silane coupling agent, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, titanate coupling agent, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene and ethylene-acrylate copolymer; when the coupling agents are more than two of the above specific choices, the present invention does not have any special limitation on the ratio of the specific substances, and the specific substances can be mixed according to any ratio.
In the present invention, the mass ratio of the coupling agent to the functional assistant is preferably 1: 100.
The light high-strength wood-plastic composite material further comprises a circulating unit arranged between the first surface layer and the second surface layer, wherein the circulating unit comprises a structural layer and a light wood-plastic core layer; the structural layer comprises a fibrous braid reinforcement or a modified thermoplastic polymer. In the present invention, the structure of the fiber braid reinforcing material is preferably a two-dimensional braided structure.
In the present invention, the modified thermoplastic polymer preferably includes an inorganic filler-modified high-strength thermoplastic resin; the high-strength thermoplastic resin is preferably one or more of polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, polyether ether ketone and polyphenylene sulfide; when the high-strength thermoplastic resin is more than two of the specific choices, the proportion of the specific substances is not limited in any way, and the specific substances can be mixed according to any proportion. The inorganic filler preferably comprises carbon nano tubes and micro-nano SiO2One or more of particles, talcum powder and glass fiber; when the inorganic filler is two or more of the above specific choices, the present invention does not have any particular limitation on the ratio of the specific substances, and the specific substances may be mixed in any ratio. The particle size of the inorganic filler is not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be one known to those skilled in the art. In the present invention, the inorganic filler is preferably an inorganic filler modified with a silane coupling agent; the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to the inorganic filler is preferably 1: 100.
In the invention, the thickness of the structural layer is preferably 0.1-10 mm, more preferably 2-8 mm, and most preferably 4-6 mm.
The circulating unit of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material also comprises a light wood-plastic core layer. In the invention, the light wood-plastic core layer is preferably a microporous structure, the porosity of the microporous structure is preferably 15-30%,the pore density is preferably 105～107cells/cm3The diameter of the micropores is preferably 0.1 to 100 μm. The micropores in the microporous structure are preferably closed cell structures.
In the present invention, the lightweight wood-plastic core layer includes a processing residue and a thermoplastic; the processing residues comprise one or more of bamboo chips, wood powder, straws and white mud; when the processing residues are more than two of the specific choices, the proportion of the specific materials is not limited in any way. The thermoplastic plastic preferably comprises one or more of polyethylene plastic, polypropylene plastic, polyvinyl chloride plastic and polyamide plastic; when the thermoplastic plastics are more than two of the above specific choices, the proportion of the specific substances is not limited in any way, and the specific substances can be mixed according to any proportion. In the present invention, the thermoplastic is preferably a waste thermoplastic.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the processing residues to the thermoplastic plastics is preferably (20-60): (30-60), more preferably (30-50): (40-50).
In the invention, the thickness of the light wood-plastic core layer is preferably 3-15 mm, and more preferably 5-8 mm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material, which comprises the following steps:
respectively preparing a first surface layer and a second surface layer by taking high-weather-resistance resin or resin-based composite material as a raw material and adopting an extrusion molding mode; the resin-based composite material comprises plant fibers, thermoplastic resin, a coupling agent and a lubricant;
preparing a structural layer by taking a fiber braided fabric reinforcing material or a modified thermoplastic polymer as a raw material and adopting an extrusion molding mode;
preparing a light wood-plastic core layer by using processing residues and thermoplastic plastics as raw materials and adopting an extrusion molding or injection molding mode; the processing residues comprise one or more of bamboo chips, wood powder, straws and white mud;
compounding the first surface layer, the circulating unit and the second surface layer in a laminating order in a hot press molding mode to obtain the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material; the circulating unit comprises a structural layer and a light wood-plastic core layer; the number of the circulating units is more than or equal to 1;
or, the preparation method of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material comprises the following steps:
providing a co-extrusion system; the co-extrusion system comprises a double-screw extruder A, a double-screw extruder B, a double-screw extruder C, a distributor, a forming die, a water mist cold spraying groove, a traction device and a cutting saw;
respectively extruding the raw materials of the first surface layer or the second surface layer by a double-screw extruder A, then entering the first surface layer region or the second surface layer region of a forming die, extruding the raw materials of the structure layer by a double-screw extruder B, then entering the structure layer region of the forming die, extruding the raw materials of the light wood-plastic core layer by a double-screw extruder C, then entering the light wood-plastic core layer region of the forming die, and obtaining a light high-strength wood-plastic composite precursor in the forming die;
and (3) cutting the light high-strength wood-plastic composite precursor after passing through a water mist cooling spraying groove and a traction device in sequence to obtain the light high-strength wood-plastic composite.
The method comprises the steps of respectively preparing a first surface layer and a second surface layer by taking high-weather-resistance resin or resin-based composite material as a raw material and adopting an extrusion molding mode; the resin-based composite material comprises plant fibers, thermoplastic resin, a coupling agent and a lubricant.
In the present invention, when the raw material is a high weather-resistant resin when the first skin layer or the second skin layer is prepared, the preparation process of the first skin layer or the second skin layer preferably includes the steps of: and carrying out extrusion molding on the high-weather-resistance resin by using a double-screw extruder to obtain the first surface layer or the second surface layer. In the invention, the extrusion molding temperature is preferably 100-210 ℃, the extrusion molding temperature is preferably divided into three temperature zones, and the three temperature zones are preferably respectively: 100-150 ℃, 150-180 ℃ and 180-210 ℃. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the three temperature zones is specifically: 100 ℃, 150 ℃ and 180 ℃; 150 ℃, 180 ℃ and 210 ℃; 125 ℃, 165 ℃ and 195 ℃; or 100 deg.C, 165 deg.C and 210 deg.C; the screw rotation speed of the extrusion molding is preferably 8 r/min.
In the present invention, when the first surface layer or the second surface layer is prepared from the raw materials including the high weather-resistant resin, the functional assistant and the coupling agent, the preparation process of the first surface layer or the second surface layer preferably includes the steps of: mixing a coupling agent and a functional additive, and carrying out surface modification on the functional additive to obtain a modified functional additive; mixing the modified functional additive and the high-weatherability resin, and plasticizing and granulating by using a double-screw extruder to obtain surface-layer granules; and extruding and molding the surface layer granules in a double-screw extruder to obtain the first surface layer or the second surface layer. The invention mixes the coupling agent and the functional additive, and carries out surface modification on the functional additive to obtain the modified functional additive. In the present invention, the mixing of the coupling agent and the functional assistant preferably includes: mixing a coupling agent with water to obtain a coupling agent aqueous solution; and mixing the coupling agent aqueous solution and the functional auxiliary agent. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the coupling agent to water is preferably 1: (4-6), more preferably 1: 4; the mass ratio of the coupling agent aqueous solution to the functional assistant is preferably 1: 25. in the invention, the temperature of the surface modification is preferably 20-40 ℃, and more preferably 30 ℃; the time for surface modification is preferably 5-8 h, and more preferably 6 h. After the surface modification, the present invention preferably further includes drying, which is not particularly limited in the present invention and may be performed by a process well known to those skilled in the art. In the invention, the mixing temperature of the modified functional auxiliary agent and the high-weatherability resin is preferably 70-80 ℃, more preferably 72-78 ℃, and most preferably 74-76 ℃, and the mixing time is preferably 10-15 min, more preferably 11-14 min, and most preferably 12-13 min; in the present invention, the mixing is preferably carried out under stirring, and the stirring is not particularly limited in the present invention and may be carried out by a process known to those skilled in the art. In the invention, the granulation temperature is preferably 100-210 ℃, the granulation temperature is preferably divided into three temperature zones, and the temperatures of the three temperature zones are preferably as follows: 100-150 ℃, 150-180 ℃ and 180-210 ℃. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the three temperature zones is specifically: 100 ℃, 150 ℃ and 180 ℃; 150 ℃, 180 ℃ and 210 ℃; 125 ℃, 165 ℃ and 195 ℃; or 100 deg.C, 165 deg.C and 210 deg.C; the screw speed of the granulation is preferably 8 r/min. In the invention, the extrusion molding temperature is preferably 150-210 ℃, the extrusion molding temperature is preferably divided into 5 temperature zones, and the temperature of each temperature zone is preferably 165 ℃, 180 ℃, 210 ℃, 170 ℃ and 150 ℃ which are sequentially arranged; the rotating speed of the screw for extrusion molding is preferably 5-8 r/min, and more preferably 8 r/min.
In the present invention, when the first surface layer or the second surface layer is prepared from a resin-based composite material, the preparation process of the first surface layer or the second surface layer preferably includes the following steps: plasticizing and granulating the resin-based composite material by a double-screw extruder to obtain surface-layer granules; and extruding and molding the surface layer granules in a double-screw extruder to obtain the first surface layer or the second surface layer. In the invention, the granulation temperature is preferably 150-175 ℃; the granulation is preferably 5 temperature zones, and the temperature of each temperature zone is preferably set in sequence: 150 ℃, 170 ℃, 175 ℃, 160 ℃ and 165 ℃; the screw speed of the granulation is preferably 40 r/min. In the invention, the extrusion molding temperature is preferably 150-165 ℃; the extrusion molding is preferably 5 temperature zones, and the temperature of each temperature zone is preferably set in sequence: 150 ℃, 155 ℃, 165 ℃, 155 ℃ and 160 ℃; the rotating speed of the screw for extrusion molding is preferably 20-30 r/min.
In the present invention, when the first surface layer or the second surface layer is prepared, and the raw materials include a resin-based composite material, a functional assistant, and a coupling agent, the preparation process of the first surface layer or the second surface layer preferably includes the following steps: mixing a coupling agent and a functional additive, and carrying out surface modification on the functional additive to obtain a modified functional additive; mixing the modified functional additive and the resin-based composite material, and plasticizing and granulating the mixture by using a double-screw extruder to obtain surface-layer granules; and extruding and molding the surface layer granules in a double-screw extruder to obtain the first surface layer or the second surface layer. The invention mixes the coupling agent and the functional additive, and carries out surface modification on the functional additive to obtain the modified functional additive. In the present invention, the mixing of the coupling agent and the functional assistant preferably includes: mixing a silane coupling agent and water to obtain a silane coupling agent aqueous solution; and mixing the silane coupling agent aqueous solution and the functional auxiliary agent. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to water is preferably 1: (4-6), more preferably 1: 4; the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent aqueous solution to the functional assistant is preferably 1: 25. in the invention, the temperature of the surface modification is preferably 20-40 ℃, and more preferably 30 ℃; the time for surface modification is preferably 5-8 h, and more preferably 6 h. In the present invention, the mixing is preferably carried out under stirring, and the stirring is not particularly limited in the present invention and may be carried out by a process known to those skilled in the art. In the invention, the granulation temperature is preferably 150-175 ℃; the granulation is preferably 5 temperature zones, and the temperature of each temperature zone is preferably set in sequence: 150 ℃, 170 ℃, 175 ℃, 160 ℃ and 165 ℃; the screw speed of the granulation is preferably 40 r/min. In the invention, the extrusion molding temperature is preferably 150-165 ℃; the extrusion molding is preferably 5 temperature zones, and the temperature of each temperature zone is preferably set in sequence: 150 ℃, 155 ℃, 165 ℃, 155 ℃ and 160 ℃; the rotating speed of the screw for extrusion molding is preferably 20-30 r/min.
The preparation method of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material further comprises the following steps: the structural layer is prepared by taking a fiber braided fabric reinforcing material or a modified thermoplastic polymer as a raw material and adopting an extrusion molding mode.
When the structural layer is prepared, the fibrous plant reinforcing material preferably comprises a continuous plant woven fabric or a synthetic fiber woven mesh when the raw material is a fibrous fabric reinforcing material. In the present invention, the continuous plant woven fabric is preferably prepared; the preparation method of the continuous plant woven fabric preferably comprises the following steps: dispersing plant fibers through a pre-dispersing device, drawing out the plant fibers from an inner yarn drawing creel, drawing continuous fibers to a double-screw extruder through a yarn guide device, entering an impregnation die, infiltrating the continuous fibers with thermoplastic resin plasticized and melted by a screw, and then weaving to obtain the continuous plant fiber braided fabric. In the invention, the continuous plant fiber preferably comprises one or more of continuous bamboo fiber, continuous fibrilia, continuous cotton fiber, continuous bamboo skin and plant fiber braided fabric; when the continuous plant fiber is more than two of the specific choices, the proportion of the specific substances is not limited in any way, and the specific substances can be mixed according to any proportion. In the invention, the thermoplastic resin is preferably one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and polyamide; when the thermoplastic resin is two or more of the above specific choices, the present invention does not have any particular limitation on the ratio of the above specific materials, and the thermoplastic resin may be mixed in any ratio. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the continuous plant fibers to the thermoplastic resin is preferably (60 to 90): (10-40), more preferably (70-80): (20-30). In the invention, the temperature of the double-screw extruder is preferably 155-175 ℃; the temperature of the twin-screw extruder is preferably set in 5 zones, and the temperature of each temperature zone is preferably 155 ℃, 165 ℃, 170 ℃, 175 ℃ and 170 ℃. The present invention does not have any particular limitation on the weaving, and may be carried out by a process well known to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, the method for preparing the synthetic fiber woven mesh preferably comprises the steps of: and dispersing the yarns through a pre-dispersing device, drawing out the yarns from an inner yarn drawing creel, drawing the continuous fibers to a double-screw extruder through a yarn guide device, entering an impregnation die, infiltrating the continuous fibers with thermoplastic resin plasticized and melted by a screw, and then weaving to obtain the synthetic fiber woven mesh. In the invention, the synthetic fiber preferably comprises one or more of terylene, chinlon, acrylic fiber, polyvinyl fiber, spandex and polyvinyl alcohol; when the synthetic fibers are more than two of the specific choices, the proportion of the specific substances is not limited in any way, and the specific substances can be mixed according to any proportion. In the invention, the thermoplastic resin is preferably one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and polyamide; when the thermoplastic resin is two or more of the above specific choices, the present invention does not have any particular limitation on the ratio of the above specific materials, and the thermoplastic resin may be mixed in any ratio. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the yarn to the thermoplastic resin is preferably 100: (10-40), more preferably 100: (20-30). In the invention, the temperature of the double-screw extruder is preferably 155-175 ℃; the temperature of the twin-screw extruder is preferably set in 5 zones, and the temperature of each temperature zone is preferably 155 ℃, 165 ℃, 170 ℃, 175 ℃ and 170 ℃. The present invention does not have any particular limitation on the weaving, and may be carried out by a process well known to those skilled in the art.
The extrusion molding is not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be carried out by a process known to those skilled in the art.
When the raw material is a modified thermoplastic polymer when the structural layer is prepared, the preparation method of the modified thermoplastic polymer preferably comprises the following steps: and mixing thermoplastic resin, inorganic filler and coupling agent, and then sequentially carrying out extrusion granulation and extrusion molding on the obtained mixture to obtain the modified thermoplastic polymer. In the invention, the thermoplastic resin is preferably one or more of polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, polyether ether ketone and polyphenylene sulfide; when the thermoplastic resin is two or more of the above specific choices, the present invention does not have any particular limitation on the ratio of the above specific materials, and the thermoplastic resin may be mixed in any ratio. The inorganic filler preferably comprises carbon nano tubes and micro-nano SiO2One or more of particles, talcum powder and glass fiber; when the inorganic filler is two or more of the above specific choices, the present invention does not have any particular limitation on the ratio of the specific substances, and the specific substances may be mixed in any ratio. In the invention, the coupling agent preferably comprises one or more of isocyanate, cumyl peroxide, aluminate, silane coupling agent, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, titanate coupling agent, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene and ethylene-acrylate copolymer; when the coupling agents are two or more of the above specific choices, the present invention does not have any particular limitation on the ratio of the above specific materials, according toCan be mixed according to any proportion. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the inorganic filler to the thermoplastic resin is preferably (0 to 40): 100, more preferably (10 to 30): 100, most preferably (15-25): 100. in the present invention, the mass ratio of the coupling agent to the inorganic filler is preferably 1: 100. The present invention does not limit the mixing in any particular way, and the mixing may be carried out by a process known to those skilled in the art.
After the modified thermoplastic polymer is obtained, the invention preferably carries out extrusion granulation and extrusion molding on the modified thermoplastic polymer in sequence. In the present invention, the extrusion granulation is preferably carried out in a twin-screw extruder; the temperature of the extrusion granulation is preferably 150-175 ℃; the temperature of the extrusion granulation is preferably divided into five temperature zones, and the temperature of each temperature zone is preferably 150 ℃, 170 ℃, 175 ℃, 160 ℃ and 165 ℃; the screw speed of the twin-screw extruder is preferably 20 r/min. In the invention, the extrusion molding temperature is preferably 150-170 ℃; the extrusion molding temperature is preferably divided into five temperature zones, and the temperature of each temperature zone is preferably 150 ℃, 160 ℃, 170 ℃, 160 ℃ and 155 ℃; the extrusion molding is preferably carried out in a twin-screw extruder; the screw rotating speed of the double-screw extruder is preferably 20-40 r/min, and more preferably 25-35 r/min.
The preparation method of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material further comprises the following steps: preparing a light wood-plastic core layer by using processing residues and thermoplastic plastics as raw materials and adopting an extrusion molding or injection molding mode; the processing residues comprise one or more of bamboo chips, wood powder, straws and white mud; when the processing residues are more than two of the specific choices, the proportion of the specific substances is not limited by the invention; the thermoplastic plastic preferably comprises one or more of polyethylene plastic, polypropylene plastic, polyvinyl chloride plastic and polyamide plastic; when the thermoplastic plastics are more than two of the specific choices, the proportion of the specific substances is not limited in any way, and the specific substances can be mixed according to any proportion; in the present invention, the thermoplastic is preferably a waste thermoplastic. In the present invention, theThe raw materials also preferably comprise an additive, and in the invention, the raw materials also preferably comprise a foaming agent, hollow glass beads, floating beads or fly ash; the blowing agent preferably comprises a chemical blowing agent and/or a physical blowing agent; said chemical blowing agent preferably comprises an endothermic blowing agent and/or an exothermic blowing agent; the endothermic blowing agent is preferably NaHCO3(ii) a The exothermic foaming agent is preferably Azodicarbonamide (AC); the physical foaming agent is preferably water and CO2、N2Or an inert gas. In the invention, when the raw material comprises a foaming agent, the raw material also preferably comprises an addition auxiliary agent and a co-foaming agent, wherein the addition auxiliary agent preferably comprises one or more of a coupling agent, a plasticizer and a lubricant; the coupling agent preferably comprises one or more of isocyanate, cumyl peroxide, aluminate, silane coupling agent, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, titanate coupling agent, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene and ethylene-acrylate copolymer; when the coupling agents are more than two of the specific choices, the proportion of the specific substances is not limited in any way, and the specific substances can be mixed according to any proportion; the plasticizer preferably comprises one or more of acrylic acid, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and dioctyl sebacate; when the plasticizer is more than two of the specific choices, the proportion of the specific substances is not limited in any way, and the specific substances can be mixed according to any proportion; the lubricant preferably comprises the lubricant preferably being a hydrocarbon lubricant and/or epoxidized soybean oil; the hydrocarbon lubricant is preferably PE wax and/or non-liquid natural paraffin wax; when the lubricant is more than two of the specific choices, the proportion of the specific substances is not limited in any way, and the specific substances can be mixed according to any proportion; the auxiliary foaming agent preferably comprises one or more of tribasic lead sulfate, dibasic lead phosphite, calcium stearate, zinc oxide and zinc stearate; when the co-blowing agent is two or more of the above specific choices, the present invention does not have any particular limitation on the ratio of the specific substances, and the specific substances may be mixed in any ratio. In the present invention, when the raw material comprisesWhen the floating bead or the fly ash is adopted, the raw material also preferably comprises a coupling agent, and the coupling agent preferably comprises one or more of isocyanate, cumyl peroxide, aluminate, a silane coupling agent, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, a titanate coupling agent, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene and an ethylene-acrylate copolymer; when the coupling agents are more than two of the above specific choices, the present invention does not have any special limitation on the ratio of the specific substances, and the specific substances can be mixed according to any ratio. In the present invention, when the raw material includes hollow glass microspheres, the raw material also preferably includes a coupling agent and a plasticizer, and the kind of the coupling agent is preferably the same as the above definition of the kind of the coupling agent. The plasticizer preferably comprises one or more of acrylic acid, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and dioctyl sebacate; when the plasticizer is two or more of the above specific choices, the present invention does not have any particular limitation on the ratio of the above specific substances, and the specific substances may be mixed in any ratio.
When the raw materials further include a foaming agent, the preparation method of the lightweight wood-plastic core layer preferably includes:
carrying out first mixing on the processing residues, part of the thermoplastic plastics and the additive aid, and then carrying out first extrusion granulation to obtain processing residues/thermoplastic plastic granules;
performing second mixing on the rest thermoplastic, the foaming agent and the auxiliary foaming agent, and performing second extrusion granulation to obtain foaming granules;
and mixing the processing residues/thermoplastic plastic granules and the foaming granules, and performing extrusion molding to obtain the light wood-plastic core layer.
According to the invention, the processing residues, part of thermoplastic plastics and the additive aid are subjected to first mixing, and then first extrusion granulation is carried out, so as to obtain the processing residues/thermoplastic plastics granules. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the processing residue, part of the thermoplastic and the addition aid is preferably 40: (35-45): (5-10), and more preferably 40:40: 8. In the invention, the temperature of the first mixing is preferably 60-100 ℃, and more preferably 80 ℃; the first mixing time is preferably 10-20 min, more preferably 12-18 min, and most preferably 15 min; the rotation speed of the first mixing is preferably 250-350 r/min, and more preferably 300 r/min. In the present invention, the first extrusion granulation is preferably performed in a twin-screw extruder; the rotating speed of the screw is preferably 8r/min, and the vacuum degree of the main machine is preferably-0.10 to-0.15 MPa; the heating temperature zone of the double-screw extruder is preferably divided into 5 sections, namely a first-section temperature zone, a second-section temperature zone, a third-section temperature zone, a confluence core section temperature zone and a head section extrusion temperature zone; the temperatures of the above temperature zones are preferably 150 ℃, 170 ℃, 175 ℃, 155 ℃ and 160 ℃, respectively.
After the processing residue/thermoplastic plastic granules are obtained, the invention carries out secondary mixing on the residual thermoplastic plastic, the foaming agent and the auxiliary foaming agent, and then carries out secondary extrusion granulation to obtain the foamed granules. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the remaining thermoplastic, the foaming agent and the co-foaming agent is preferably 10: 1: 1. in the invention, the temperature of the second mixing is preferably 60-100 ℃, and more preferably 80 ℃; the second mixing time is preferably 10-20 min, more preferably 12-18 min, and most preferably 15 min; the rotation speed of the second mixing is preferably 250-350 r/min, and more preferably 300 r/min. In the invention, the temperature of the second extrusion granulation is preferably 140-150 ℃; the heating temperature zone of the second extrusion granulation is preferably divided into 5 sections, namely a first-section temperature zone, a second-section temperature zone, a third-section temperature zone, a confluence core section temperature zone and a machine head section extrusion temperature zone; the temperatures of the above temperature ranges are preferably 140 ℃, 145 ℃, 150 ℃, 145 ℃ and 145 ℃, respectively.
After the foaming granules are obtained, the processing residues/thermoplastic plastic granules and the foaming granules are mixed and extruded to form the light wood-plastic core layer. In the invention, the mass ratio of the processing residues to the thermoplastic plastic granules to the foamed granules is preferably (8-10): 1, more preferably 9: 1. In the invention, the extrusion molding is preferably carried out in a double-screw extruder, and the screw rotating speed of the double-screw extruder is preferably 12-18 r/min, and more preferably 14-16 r/min; the temperature zone of the extrusion molding is preferably set as a five-temperature zone; the temperatures of the respective temperature zones are preferably 155 deg.C, 170 deg.C, 180 deg.C, 160 deg.C and 165 deg.C, respectively.
When the raw materials also preferably comprise floating beads or fly ash, the preparation method of the light wood-plastic core layer preferably comprises the following steps:
carrying out first mixing on the floating beads or the fly ash, partial processing residues and a coupling agent to obtain an activated material;
and carrying out second mixing on the activated material, the residual processing residues and the thermoplastic plastics, and then sequentially carrying out granulation and extrusion molding to obtain the light wood-plastic core layer.
The method comprises the step of carrying out first mixing on floating beads or fly ash, partial processing residues and a coupling agent to obtain the activated material. In the present invention, the partial processing residue is preferably white mud. In the invention, the mass ratio of the floating beads or the fly ash, the partial processing residues and the coupling agent is preferably (15-20): 100: 3, more preferably (16 to 18): 100: 3. in the present invention, the first mixing preferably includes a first high-temperature mixing and a first low-temperature mixing; the temperature of the first high-temperature mixing is preferably 70-80 ℃, and more preferably 75 ℃; the first high-temperature mixing time is preferably 8-10 min, and more preferably 9 min; the first high-temperature mixing is preferably carried out under stirring, and the stirring is not particularly limited in the present invention and may be carried out by a process well known to those skilled in the art. In the present invention, the temperature of the first low-temperature mixing is preferably 45 ℃, the time of the first low-temperature mixing is not limited in any way, and the mixed materials can be uniformly mixed by using the mixing time known to those skilled in the art. In the present invention, the second mixing preferably includes a second high-temperature mixing and a second low-temperature mixing; the temperature of the second high-temperature mixing is preferably 105-115 ℃, and more preferably 110 ℃; the time of the second high-temperature mixing is preferably 8-12 min, and more preferably 10 min. The temperature of the second low-temperature mixing is preferably 45 ℃, and the time of the second low-temperature mixing is preferably 8 min. The granulation and extrusion molding are not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be performed by a process known to those skilled in the art.
When the raw materials also preferably comprise hollow glass beads, the preparation method of the light wood-plastic core layer preferably comprises the following steps:
mixing an absolute ethyl alcohol solution of a coupling agent with the hollow glass beads to modify the hollow glass beads, and removing the absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain surface-modified hollow glass beads;
and mixing the surface-modified hollow glass beads, the processing residues, the thermoplastic plastics and the plasticizer, and sequentially carrying out extrusion granulation and extrusion molding to obtain the light wood-plastic core layer.
According to the invention, an absolute ethyl alcohol solution of a coupling agent is mixed with hollow glass beads to modify the hollow glass beads, and then the absolute ethyl alcohol is removed to obtain the surface-modified hollow glass beads. In the invention, the mass ratio of the coupling agent to the absolute ethyl alcohol in the absolute ethyl alcohol solution of the coupling agent is preferably 1: 1; the mass ratio of the coupling agent to the hollow glass beads is preferably 1: 100. In the present invention, the mixing is preferably carried out under stirring conditions, and the stirring rate is not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be carried out at a stirring rate well known to those skilled in the art. In the present invention, the stirring time is preferably 10 min. The method for removing the absolute ethyl alcohol is not limited in any way, and the absolute ethyl alcohol can be completely volatilized by adopting a method well known by the technical personnel in the field.
After the surface-modified hollow glass microspheres are obtained, the surface-modified hollow glass microspheres, the processing residues, the thermoplastic plastics and the plasticizer are mixed, and extrusion granulation and injection molding are sequentially carried out to obtain the light wood-plastic core layer. In the invention, the mass ratio of the surface-modified hollow glass microspheres, the processing residues, the thermoplastic plastic and the plasticizer is preferably (4-6): (45-55): (45-55): (4-6), more preferably 5:50:50: 5. The present invention does not limit the mixing in any particular way, and the mixing may be carried out by a process known to those skilled in the art. In the present invention, the extrusion granulation is preferably carried out in a twin-screw extruder; the temperature of the extrusion granulation is preferably divided into 5 temperature zones, and the temperature of each temperature zone is preferably 155 ℃, 160 ℃, 165 ℃, 170 ℃ and 165 ℃; the screw speed of the twin-screw extruder is preferably 60 r/min. In the invention, in the injection molding, the temperature of the machine barrel is preferably divided into 3 temperature zones, and the temperature of each temperature zone is preferably 180-185 ℃, 175-180 ℃ and 165-170 ℃; the temperature of the nozzle is preferably 185-190 ℃; the grinding tool temperature is preferably 40-60 ℃, the pressure maintaining pressure is preferably 5-15 MPa, the injection speed is preferably 45g/s, and the cooling and solidifying time is preferably 30 s.
After a first surface layer, a second surface layer, a structural layer and a light wood-plastic core layer are obtained, the first surface layer, the circulating unit and the second surface layer are compounded in a hot press forming mode to obtain the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material; the circulating unit comprises a structural layer and a light wood-plastic core layer. In the invention, the hot-press forming temperature is preferably 110-180 ℃, and more preferably 120-160 ℃; the pressure of the hot-press molding is preferably 0.1-2 MPa, and more preferably 0.5-1.5 MPa; the pressure maintaining time of the hot press forming is preferably 1-30 min, more preferably 5-25 min, and most preferably 10-20 min; after the hot press forming is finished, the invention also preferably comprises cooling, and the cooling mode is not limited in any way and can be carried out by adopting a mode well known by the technical personnel in the field; the target temperature of the temperature reduction is preferably 40-60 ℃.
In the invention, the preparation method of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material can also preferably comprise the following steps:
providing a co-extrusion system; the co-extrusion system comprises a double-screw extruder A, a double-screw extruder B, a double-screw extruder C, a distributor, a forming die, a water mist cold spraying groove, a traction device and a cutting saw;
respectively extruding the raw materials of the first surface layer or the second surface layer by a double-screw extruder A, then entering the first surface layer region or the second surface layer region of a forming die, extruding the raw materials of the structure layer by a double-screw extruder B, then entering the structure layer region of the forming die, extruding the raw materials of the light wood-plastic core layer by a double-screw extruder C, then entering the light wood-plastic core layer region of the forming die, and obtaining a light high-strength wood-plastic composite precursor in the forming die;
and (3) cutting the light high-strength wood-plastic composite precursor after passing through a water mist cooling spraying groove and a traction device in sequence to obtain the light high-strength wood-plastic composite.
In the invention, the process and condition parameters for preparing the first surface layer or the second surface layer, the structural layer and the light wood-plastic core layer preferably refer to the process for preparing the first surface layer or the second surface layer, the structural layer and the light wood-plastic core layer, and are not described herein again.
In the invention, the length of the water mist cooling and sprinkling tank is preferably 2 m; parameters of the traction device: the total flow of the single pump is preferably 112L/min, the minimum pressure of the nozzle is more than or equal to 10MPa, and the solvent of the water storage tank of the pump set water storage tank is preferably 1m3The total flow index of the water mist spray head is preferably 0.5-3.0. The present invention does not have any particular limitation on the cutting, and may be carried out by a procedure well known to those skilled in the art.
The light-weight high-strength wood-plastic composite material and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Providing a co-extrusion system; the co-extrusion system comprises a double-screw extruder A, a double-screw extruder B, a double-screw extruder C, a distributor, a forming die, a water mist cold spraying groove, a traction device and a cutting saw;
extruding HDPE through a double-screw extruder A (the rotating speed of a main machine is 8r/min, the three temperature regions are 100 ℃, 150 ℃ and 180 ℃), and then entering a first surface layer region or a second surface layer region of a forming die;
dispersing bamboo fibers through a pre-dispersing device, drawing out the bamboo fibers from an inner yarn drawing creel, drawing continuous fibers to a double-screw extruder through a yarn guide device, feeding the continuous fibers into an impregnation die, plasticizing molten polyethylene resin (the content ratio of plant fibers to the polyethylene resin is 60:10) through a screw, infiltrating, and then weaving to obtain a continuous plant fiber braided fabric;
enabling the continuous plant fiber braided fabric to enter a structural layer area of a forming die through a double-screw extruder B (the rotating speed of a main machine is 5r/min, and the temperature zone of 5 ℃ is 155 ℃, 165 ℃, 170 ℃, 175 ℃ and 170 ℃);
mixing 20 parts by weight of sawdust, 20 parts by weight of white clay, 40 parts by weight of waste polyethylene plastic, 2 parts by weight of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE), 5 parts by weight of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and 1 part by weight of calcium stearate for 15min at the temperature of 80 ℃ and 300r/min, and then granulating in a double-screw extruder (the rotating speed of a screw is 8r/min, the vacuum degree of a main machine is-0.1 to-0.15 MPa, and five temperature zones are respectively 150 ℃, 170 ℃, 175 ℃, 160 ℃ and 165 ℃) to obtain sawdust/waste thermoplastic plastic granules;
mixing 10 parts by weight of waste polyethylene plastic, 1 part by weight of foaming Agent (AC) and 1 part by weight of co-foaming agent (ZnO) at 80 ℃ for 15min, and granulating in a double-screw extruder (the screw rotation speed is 8r/min, the vacuum degree of a main machine is-0.1 MPa, and five temperature zones are 140 ℃, 145 ℃, 150 ℃, 145 ℃ and 145 ℃ respectively) to obtain foamed granules;
mixing the wood chips/waste thermoplastic plastic granules and the foaming granule granules according to the mass ratio of 9:1, extruding the mixture by a double-screw extruder C (the rotating speed of a main machine is 18r/min, and five temperature zones are 155, 170, 180, 160 and 165 ℃ respectively), and then feeding the mixture into a light wood plastic core layer area of a forming die; obtaining a precursor of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material in a forming die;
the precursor of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material sequentially passes through a water mist cold spraying tank and a traction device (the total flow of a single pump is 112L/min, the minimum pressure of a nozzle is 10MPa, and the solvent of a water storage tank of a pump set water storage tank is 1m3Cutting the water mist spray head with the total flow index of 3.0) to obtain the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material (with the density of 0.9 g/cm)3(ii) a The moisture absorption rate is reduced by 80.36 percent; the thickness of the first surface layer and the second surface layer is 0.5 mm; the thickness of the structural layer is 0.8 mm; the thickness of the light wood-plastic core layer is 10 mm; the light wood-plastic core layer has a microporous structure, the porosity is 25%, the core layer has a closed pore structure, and the cell density is 2.8 x 106cells/cm3The diameter of the micropores is 35 μm, and the number of circulation units is 4);
according to the water absorption standard of GB/T1462-2005 fiber reinforced plastic water absorption test method, performing a water absorption test on the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material, wherein the test result shows that the water absorption rate of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is 2%;
according to the wear-resistant standard of GBT 245908-2009 wood-plastic floor, the wear-resistant performance of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is tested, and the test result shows that the wear-resistant rate of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is 0.1g/1000 r.
Example 2
Providing a co-extrusion system; the co-extrusion system comprises a double-screw extruder A, a double-screw extruder B, a double-screw extruder C, a distributor, a forming die, a water mist cold spraying groove, a traction device and a cutting saw;
extruding HDPE through a double-screw extruder A (the rotating speed of a main machine is 8r/min, the three temperature regions are 150 ℃, 180 ℃ and 210 ℃), and then entering a first surface layer region or a second surface layer region of a forming die;
dispersing bamboo fibers by a pre-dispersing device, drawing out the bamboo fibers from an inner yarn drawing creel, infiltrating polyethylene resin (the content ratio of plant fibers to resin is 90:40) by a yarn guide device, and then weaving to obtain a continuous plant fiber woven fabric;
enabling the continuous plant fiber braided fabric to enter a structural layer area of a forming die through a double-screw extruder B (the rotating speed of a main machine is 5r/min, and the temperature zone of 5 ℃ is 155 ℃, 165 ℃, 170 ℃, 175 ℃ and 170 ℃);
mixing 20 parts by weight of sawdust, 20 parts by weight of white clay, 40 parts by weight of waste polyethylene plastic, 2 parts by weight of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE), 5 parts by weight of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and 1 part by weight of calcium stearate for 15min at the temperature of 80 ℃ and 300r/min, and then granulating in a double-screw extruder (the rotating speed of a screw is 8r/min, the vacuum degree of a main machine is-0.1 to-0.15 MPa, and five temperature zones are respectively 150 ℃, 170 ℃, 175 ℃, 160 ℃ and 165 ℃) to obtain sawdust/waste thermoplastic plastic granules;
mixing 10 parts by weight of waste polyethylene plastic, 1 part by weight of foaming Agent (AC) and 1 part by weight of co-foaming agent (ZnO) at 80 ℃ for 15min, and granulating in a double-screw extruder (the screw rotation speed is 8r/min, the vacuum degree of a main machine is-0.1 MPa, and five temperature zones are 140 ℃, 145 ℃, 150 ℃, 145 ℃ and 145 ℃ respectively) to obtain foamed granules;
mixing the wood chips/waste thermoplastic plastic granules and the foaming granule granules according to the mass ratio of 9:1, extruding the mixture by a double-screw extruder C (the rotating speed of a main machine is 18r/min, and five temperature zones are 155, 170, 180, 160 and 165 ℃ respectively), and then feeding the mixture into a light wood plastic core layer area of a forming die; obtaining a precursor of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material in a forming die;
the precursor of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material sequentially passes through a water mist cold spraying tank and a traction device (the total flow of a single pump is 112L/min, the minimum pressure of a nozzle is 10MPa, and the solvent of a water storage tank of a pump set water storage tank is 1m3Cutting the water mist spray head with the total flow index of 3.0) to obtain the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material (with the density of 0.9 g/cm)3(ii) a The moisture absorption rate is reduced by 80.36 percent; the thickness of the first surface layer and the second surface layer is 0.5 mm; the thickness of the structural layer is 0.8 mm; the thickness of the light wood-plastic core layer is 10 mm; the light wood-plastic core layer has a microporous structure, the porosity is 25%, the core layer has a closed pore structure, and the cell density is 2.8 x 106cells/cm3The diameter of the micropores is 35 μm, and the number of circulation units is 4);
according to the water absorption standard of GB/T1462-2005 fiber reinforced plastic water absorption test method, performing a water absorption test on the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material, wherein the test result shows that the water absorption rate of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is 1.5%;
according to the wear-resistant standard of GBT 245908-2009 wood-plastic floor, the wear-resistant performance of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is tested, and the test result shows that the wear-resistant rate of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is 0.1g/1500 r.
Example 3
Providing a co-extrusion system; the co-extrusion system comprises a double-screw extruder A, a double-screw extruder B, a double-screw extruder C, a distributor, a forming die, a water mist cold spraying groove, a traction device and a cutting saw;
extruding HDPE through a double-screw extruder A (the rotating speed of a main machine is 8r/min, the three temperature regions are 125 ℃, 165 ℃ and 195 ℃), and then entering a first surface layer region or a second surface layer region of a forming die;
dispersing bamboo fibers through a pre-dispersing device, drawing out the bamboo fibers from an inner yarn drawing creel, drawing continuous fibers to a double-screw extruder through a yarn guide device, feeding the continuous fibers into an impregnation die, plasticizing molten polyethylene resin (the content ratio of plant fibers to the polyethylene resin is 75:25) through a screw, infiltrating, and then weaving to obtain a continuous plant fiber braided fabric;
enabling the continuous plant fiber braided fabric to enter a structural layer area of a forming die through a double-screw extruder B (the rotating speed of a main machine is 5r/min, and the temperature zone of 5 ℃ is 155 ℃, 165 ℃, 170 ℃, 175 ℃ and 170 ℃);
mixing 20 parts by weight of sawdust, 20 parts by weight of white clay, 40 parts by weight of waste polyethylene plastic, 2 parts by weight of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE), 5 parts by weight of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and 1 part by weight of calcium stearate for 15min at the temperature of 80 ℃ and 300r/min, and then granulating in a double-screw extruder (the rotating speed of a screw is 8r/min, the vacuum degree of a main machine is-0.1 to-0.15 MPa, and five temperature zones are respectively 150 ℃, 170 ℃, 175 ℃, 160 ℃ and 165 ℃) to obtain sawdust/waste thermoplastic plastic granules;
mixing 10 parts by weight of waste polyethylene plastic, 1 part by weight of foaming Agent (AC) and 1 part by weight of co-foaming agent (ZnO) at 80 ℃ for 15min, and granulating in a double-screw extruder (the screw rotation speed is 8r/min, the vacuum degree of a main machine is-0.1 MPa, and five temperature zones are 140 ℃, 145 ℃, 150 ℃, 145 ℃ and 145 ℃ respectively) to obtain foamed granules;
mixing the wood chips/waste thermoplastic plastic granules and the foaming granule granules according to the mass ratio of 9:1, extruding the mixture by a double-screw extruder C (the rotating speed of a main machine is 18r/min, and five temperature zones are 155, 170, 180, 160 and 165 ℃ respectively), and then feeding the mixture into a light wood plastic core layer area of a forming die; obtaining a precursor of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material in a forming die;
the precursor of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is cut after passing through a water mist cooling spraying groove and a traction device in turn to obtain the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material (the density is 0.9 g/cm)3(ii) a The moisture absorption rate is reduced by 80.36 percent; the thickness of the first surface layer and the second surface layer is 0.5 mm; the thickness of the structural layer is 0.8 mm; the thickness of the light wood-plastic core layer is 10 mm; the light wood-plastic core layer has a microporous structure, the porosity is 25%, the core layer has a closed pore structure, and the cell density is 2.8 x 106cells/cm3The diameter of the micropores is 35 μm, and the number of circulation units is 4);
according to the water absorption standard of GB/T1462-2005 fiber reinforced plastic water absorption test method, performing a water absorption test on the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material, wherein the test result shows that the water absorption rate of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is 1%;
according to the wear-resistant standard of GBT 245908-2009 wood-plastic floor, the wear-resistant performance of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is tested, and the test result shows that the wear-resistant rate of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is 0.1g/2000 r.
Example 4
Referring to example 1, the only difference is that the first skin layer and the second skin layer were prepared as: silane coupling agent is mixed with distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 4, diluting to obtain a silane coupling agent aqueous solution, and mixing the silane coupling agent aqueous solution and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) according to a mass ratio of 1: 25, adding the mixture into a flame retardant to perform surface modification on the mixture, setting the temperature to be 30 ℃, and setting the time to be 6 hours; then drying to obtain the modified flame retardant; mixing a flame retardant and high-density polyethylene HDPE according to the mass ratio of 3: 10, mixing in a high-speed mixer at 75 ℃ for 12min, plasticizing and granulating by a double-screw extruder to obtain surface-layer granules, wherein the granulating temperature is divided into three temperature zones: the rotation speed of the main engine is 8r/min at 100 ℃, 165 ℃ and 210 ℃; extruding by a double-screw extruder A (the rotating speed of a main machine is 8r/min, the temperature range is 150-210 ℃, the five temperature zones are 165 ℃, 180 ℃, 210 ℃, 170 ℃ and 150 ℃ respectively), and then entering a first surface layer area or a second surface layer area of a forming die.
The light high-strength wood-plastic composite material (the density is 0.9 g/cm)3(ii) a The moisture absorption rate is reduced by 75.29%; the average value of the effective combustion heat within 6min is 26.04 MJ/kg; the carbon residue rate is 14.78 percent at 700 ℃; the thickness of the first surface layer and the second surface layer is 0.6 mm; the thickness of the structural layer is 0.8 mm; light woodThe thickness of the plastic core layer is 10 mm; the light wood-plastic core layer has a microporous structure, the porosity of the core layer is 22%, the core layer has a closed pore structure, and the cell density is 3.2 x 106cells/cm3The diameter of the micropores is 29 μm, and the number of circulation units is 4);
according to the water absorption standard of GB/T1462-2005 fiber reinforced plastic water absorption test method, performing a water absorption test on the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material, wherein the test result shows that the water absorption rate of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is 2.5%;
according to the wear-resistant standard of GBT 245908-2009 wood-plastic floor, the wear-resistant performance of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is tested, and the test result shows that the wear-resistant rate of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is 0.1g/1000 r.
Example 5
With reference to example 1, the only difference is that the lightweight wood-plastic core layer is prepared:
mixing and diluting a coupling agent and absolute ethyl alcohol according to the mass ratio of 1:1, mixing and stirring an absolute ethyl alcohol solution of the coupling agent and the hollow glass beads for 10min, and removing the absolute ethyl alcohol after modifying the hollow glass beads to obtain surface-modified hollow glass beads; the mass ratio of the coupling agent to the hollow glass beads is 1: 100.
Mixing the surface-modified hollow glass beads, the processing residues, the thermoplastic plastics and the plasticizer, and sequentially carrying out extrusion granulation and injection molding to obtain the light wood-plastic core layer. The mass ratio of the surface-modified hollow glass microspheres, the processing residue, the thermoplastic and the plasticizer is preferably 5:50:50: 5. Extruding and granulating in a double-screw extruder; the extrusion granulation temperature is divided into 5 temperature zones: the screw rotation speed is preferably 60r/min at 155 ℃, 160 ℃, 165 ℃, 170 ℃ and 165 ℃; the granules are molded by injection, the temperature of a machine barrel is divided into 3 sections of temperature zones, and the temperature of each section of temperature zone is 180 ℃, 175 ℃ and 165 ℃; the temperature of the nozzle is 190 ℃; the temperature of the grinding tool is 40 ℃, the pressure maintaining pressure is 5MPa, the injection speed is 45g/s, and the cooling and solidifying time is 30 s.
The light high-strength wood-plastic composite material (the density is 1.0 g/cm)3(ii) a The moisture absorption rate is reduced by 75.19 percent; first skin layer and second skin layerThe thickness of (A) is 0.5 mm; the thickness of the structural layer is 0.8 mm; the thickness of the light wood-plastic core layer is 8 mm; the number of the circulating units is 4);
according to the water absorption standard of GB/T1462-2005 fiber reinforced plastic water absorption test method, performing a water absorption test on the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material, wherein the test result shows that the water absorption rate of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is 1.5%;
according to the wear-resistant standard of GBT 245908-2009 wood-plastic floor, the wear-resistant performance of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is tested, and the test result shows that the wear-resistant rate of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is 0.1g/1000 r.
Example 6
With reference to example 1, the only difference is that the lightweight wood-plastic core layer is prepared:
mixing and diluting a coupling agent and absolute ethyl alcohol according to the mass ratio of 1:1, mixing and stirring an absolute ethyl alcohol solution of the coupling agent and the hollow glass beads for 10min, and removing the absolute ethyl alcohol after modifying the hollow glass beads to obtain surface-modified hollow glass beads; the mass ratio of the coupling agent to the hollow glass beads is 1: 100.
Mixing the surface-modified hollow glass beads, the processing residues, the thermoplastic plastics and the plasticizer, and sequentially carrying out extrusion granulation and injection molding to obtain the light wood-plastic core layer. The mass ratio of the surface-modified hollow glass microspheres, the processing residue, the thermoplastic and the plasticizer is preferably 5:50:50: 5. Extruding and granulating in a double-screw extruder; the extrusion granulation temperature is divided into 5 temperature zones: the screw rotation speed is preferably 60r/min at 155 ℃, 160 ℃, 165 ℃, 170 ℃ and 165 ℃; the granules are molded by injection, the temperature of a machine barrel is divided into 3 sections of temperature zones, and the temperature of each section of temperature zone is 185 ℃, 180 ℃ and 170 ℃; the temperature of the nozzle was 185 ℃; the temperature of the grinding tool is 60 ℃, the pressure maintaining pressure is 15MPa, the injection speed is 45g/s, and the cooling and solidifying time is 30 s.
The light high-strength wood-plastic composite material (the density is 1.5 g/cm)3(ii) a The moisture absorption rate is reduced by 85.19%; the thickness of the first surface layer and the second surface layer is 0.6 mm; the thickness of the structural layer is 1 mm; the thickness of the light wood-plastic core layer is 8 mm; circulation typeThe number of ring units is 4);
according to the water absorption standard of GB/T1462-2005 fiber reinforced plastic water absorption test method, performing a water absorption test on the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material, wherein the test result shows that the water absorption rate of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is 1.5%;
according to the wear-resistant standard of GBT 245908-2009 wood-plastic floor, the wear-resistant performance of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is tested, and the test result shows that the wear-resistant rate of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material is 0.1g/2000 r.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A light high-strength wood-plastic composite material comprises a first surface layer, a second surface layer and a circulating unit arranged between the first surface layer and the second surface layer;
the circulating unit comprises a structural layer and a light wood-plastic core layer;
the number of the circulating units is more than or equal to 1;
the materials of the first surface layer and the second surface layer independently comprise high-weather-resistance resin or resin-based composite materials;
the resin-based composite material comprises plant fibers, thermoplastic resin, a coupling agent and a lubricant;
the structural layer comprises a fibrous woven fabric reinforcing material or a modified thermoplastic polymer;
the light wood-plastic core layer comprises processing residues and thermoplastic plastics;
the processing residues comprise one or more of bamboo chips, wood powder, straws and white mud.
2. The light-weight high-strength wood-plastic composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high weather-resistant resin is one or more of high-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and polyester resin;
the mass ratio of the plant fibers to the thermoplastic resin to the coupling agent to the lubricant is (20-60): (34-74): 4: 2.
3. the light-weight high-strength wood-plastic composite material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the materials of the first surface layer and the second surface layer independently comprise functional additives;
the functional auxiliary agent comprises one or more of a light stabilizer, an ultraviolet absorber, an inorganic pigment, a flame retardant and a mildew preventive;
the mass ratio of the functional auxiliary agent to the high-weather-resistance resin is (0-30): 100, respectively;
the mass ratio of the functional auxiliary agent to the resin-based composite material is (0-30): 100.
4. the light-weight high-strength wood-plastic composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first surface layer and the second surface layer independently have a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm.
5. The light weight, high strength wood-plastic composite according to claim 1, wherein the modified thermoplastic polymer is an inorganic filler modified thermoplastic polymer;
the inorganic filler comprises carbon nano tubes and micro-nano SiO2One or more of particles, talcum powder, marble powder, fly ash, floating beads and glass fiber.
6. The light-weight high-strength wood-plastic composite material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the thickness of the structural layer is 0.1-10 mm.
7. The light-weight high-strength wood-plastic composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light-weight wood-plastic core layer has a microporous structure, the porosity of the microporous structure is 15-30%, and the pore density is 105～107cells/cm3The diameter of the micropores is 0.1 to 100 μm.
8. The light-weight high-strength wood-plastic composite material as claimed in claim 1 or 7, wherein the thermoplastic plastic comprises one or more of polyethylene plastic, polypropylene plastic, polyvinyl chloride plastic and polyamide plastic.
9. The light-weight high-strength wood-plastic composite material as claimed in claim 8, wherein the mass ratio of the processing residues to the thermoplastic plastics is (20-60): (30-60).
10. The preparation method of the light-weight high-strength wood-plastic composite material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
respectively preparing a first surface layer and a second surface layer by taking high-weather-resistance resin or resin-based composite material as a raw material and adopting an extrusion molding mode; the resin-based composite material comprises plant fibers, thermoplastic resin, a coupling agent and a lubricant;
preparing a structural layer by taking a fiber braided fabric reinforcing material or a modified thermoplastic polymer as a raw material and adopting an extrusion molding mode;
preparing a light wood-plastic core layer by using processing residues and thermoplastic plastics as raw materials and adopting an extrusion molding or injection molding mode; the processing residues comprise one or more of bamboo chips, wood powder, straws and white mud;
compounding the first surface layer, the circulating unit and the second surface layer in a laminating order in a hot press molding mode to obtain the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material; the circulating unit comprises a structural layer and a light wood-plastic core layer; the number of the circulating units is more than or equal to 1;
or, the preparation method of the light high-strength wood-plastic composite material comprises the following steps:
providing a co-extrusion system; the co-extrusion system comprises a double-screw extruder A, a double-screw extruder B, a double-screw extruder C, a distributor, a forming die, a water mist cold spraying groove, a traction device and a cutting saw;
respectively extruding the raw materials of the first surface layer or the second surface layer by a double-screw extruder A, then entering the first surface layer region or the second surface layer region of a forming die, extruding the raw materials of the structure layer by a double-screw extruder B, then entering the structure layer region of the forming die, extruding the raw materials of the light wood-plastic core layer by a double-screw extruder C, then entering the light wood-plastic core layer region of the forming die, and obtaining a light high-strength wood-plastic composite precursor in the forming die;
and (3) cutting the light high-strength wood-plastic composite precursor after passing through a water mist cooling spraying groove and a traction device in sequence to obtain the light high-strength wood-plastic composite.
CN202010581961.1A 2020-06-23 2020-06-23 Light high-strength wood-plastic composite material and preparation method thereof Pending CN112874085A (en)

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CN102108213A (en) * 2010-12-24 2011-06-29 上海国成塑料有限公司 Preparation method of wood-plastic compound material with improved strength
US20120178855A1 (en) * 2010-04-21 2012-07-12 Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. Wood-plastic composite with improved thermal and weathering resistance and method of making the same
CN103758340A (en) * 2014-02-20 2014-04-30 东北林业大学 Wood plastic composite material cladding plywood formwork and manufacturing method thereof
JP2015530288A (en) * 2012-09-06 2015-10-15 エルジー・ハウシス・リミテッド Wood / plastic composite with transparent surface layer
CN105150644A (en) * 2015-07-17 2015-12-16 安徽国风木塑科技有限公司 Co-extruded wood-plastic composite material
CN110216959A (en) * 2019-05-31 2019-09-10 六盘水康博木塑科技有限公司 A kind of co-extrusion type wood plastic composite and preparation method thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120178855A1 (en) * 2010-04-21 2012-07-12 Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. Wood-plastic composite with improved thermal and weathering resistance and method of making the same
CN102001200A (en) * 2010-08-17 2011-04-06 南京林业大学 Sandwich material plate and preparation method thereof
CN102108213A (en) * 2010-12-24 2011-06-29 上海国成塑料有限公司 Preparation method of wood-plastic compound material with improved strength
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