CN1128737C - 锚定系统 - Google Patents
锚定系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1128737C CN1128737C CN00804622.0A CN00804622A CN1128737C CN 1128737 C CN1128737 C CN 1128737C CN 00804622 A CN00804622 A CN 00804622A CN 1128737 C CN1128737 C CN 1128737C
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- anchor
- rope
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- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 wherein Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
- B63B27/30—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures
- B63B27/34—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures using pipe-lines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
- B63B27/24—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
- Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
- Exchange Systems With Centralized Control (AREA)
- Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Commercial Cooking Devices (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
一种流体输送船只的锚定系统,该船只用于在船只(1)与在海床(4)某部位之间输送流体,特别是输送碳氢化合物,其中,此系统包括一抛锚绳(5),该抛锚绳在设置在船只(1)上的连接装置(8)和设置在海床(4)的锚定装置(6)之间延伸。集中重锤(9)被固定在抛锚绳(5)两端部之间,装载挠性导管(12)在锚定装置(6)与船只(1)上的连接部(15)之间延伸,装载挠性导管(12)在两端部之间的某处与集中重锤(9)连接,因此,集中重锤(9)成为挠性导管的下部(10)与上部(11)之间的一个分界点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种船只锚定系统,该船只用于在船只与海床上某处之间输送流体,特别是输送碳氢化合物,其中,此锚定系统包括抛锚绳,该抛锚绳在设置在船只上的连接装置与设置在海床上的锚定装置之间延伸。
背景技术
关于海底油和汽的业务,通常感兴趣的是在两船只之间或海床上的管道与锚定船只之间输送碳氢化合物。这种工作常常必须在多变的和困难的条件下,在强烈的风暴、波浪和水流下进行。这可能使锚定和装卸设备产生巨大的应力,产生可能中断运行的事件,或在最坏的情况下可能导致破坏和失控的油排放。相关的技术内容已公布于WO 98/15449,WO 97/30888和US 5,061,131中。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种锚定与流体输送系统,该系统在抛锚地具有弹性和柔性,此抛锚地要求此系统能使自身适应于所发生的应力与力,从而使所谈及的系统在绝大多数情况下可以更高的安全性与可靠性运行。
上述目的是通过以下说明中所介绍的系统实现的,根据本发明,该系统的特征在于,集中重锤被紧固在锚定绳两端部之间,装载挠性导管在锚定装置与船只上连接处之间延伸,装载挠性导管在两端部之间的某处与集中重锤连接,因此,集中重锤成为挠性导管的上部与下部之间的分界点。
附图说明
本发明将结合一实施例参阅附图在下面给予进一步说明,仅有的一张图示出了船只的船首部,该船只借助于根据本发明的系统锚定。
具体实施方式
图中示出了船只1例如油船的船首部,该船只漂浮在水域3的水面2,并借助于锚定绳或抛锚绳5和锚6锚定在海床4上。抛锚绳在其下端通过设置在锚上的铰接装置紧固在锚6上,而锚定绳在上端被紧固在通常设置在船只1船首部的连接装置或抛锚装置8上。
锚定装置6属于常设形式,最好是一种吸力锚,或可以是重力锚或桩锚。
对于抛锚绳5,在其两端部之间的某处,紧固一所谓的集中重锤9,该集中重锤代表抛锚绳5的下部10和上部11之间的分界点。设置集中重锤的主要目的在于在抛锚绳上产生一相对集中的张力,使整个锚定系统具有顺从性和柔性以减小动态负载的影响。换言之,集中重锤对锚定系统的弹性给予本质上的影响。
装载挠性导管12在锚定装置6与船只1之间延伸,用于从船只1向设置在海床上的管道13之间输送流体,或者相反。装载挠性导管12的下端,通过铰接装置7与管道13连接,在挠性导管上端设有形式为端件14的合适连接装置,以连接至船舶1的导管系统。在图示情况下,挠性导管连接至船首部歧管,但也可替换为连接至另外的连接处,例如船中歧管。
装载挠性导管12在其两端之间的某处与集中重锤9连接,于是,在挠性导管的下部16和上部17之间构成一分界点。如图所示,装载挠性导管的下部16被设置在相应抛锚绳5下部10上方,而挠性导管的上部17设置在抛锚绳相应上部11的下方。这种状态的装载挠性导管的这种趋势可作为浮力的自然结果和挠性导管的重量特征实现,或可以用合适的浮力元件沿挠性导管下部设置,而在挠性导管的上部可设有合适的重力元件来实现或保证这种状态。
图中只示出了一条抛锚绳和一条装载挠性导管。但如果需要,此锚定系统可包括一条以上装载挠性导管,也可设置一条以上具有附属锚的抛锚绳。
至于集中重锤9,显然并不需要将其放在抛锚绳的中部。但为实现所希望的弹性作用,将集中重锤设置在距锚6处的下端和距在连接装置8处的上端一合适的距离处有利的。抛锚绳上部11和下部10的长度尤其必须适应于抛锚处的水深。
集中重锤9的的尺寸设计成在大部分情况下或大部分应力状态下,使抛锚绳的下部10和上部11之间形成极大的角度差。于是,抛锚绳下部10从锚6被向上拉起而相对于水平方向的角度,本质上小于抛锚绳被向上拉起而相对于水平方向的角度。在风、波浪和洋流对船只1的强烈影响下,深水凹处的抛锚绳5将能比图示情况更牢固地紧固,因此,集中重锤在水中升起,抛锚绳下部10与上部11间的夹角可能接近180°左右。对于集中重锤9在水域中下降的情况,其中,锚定的船只1向锚运动,抛锚绳上部11的长度应适应于集中重锤并不到达海床4的状态。
本系统适于输送从设置在海洋或海床的管道向船舶输送诸如碳氢化合物之类的物品,或反向输送。此系统还可用作在装卸船过程中船舶的停泊装置。本系统属单点式抛锚(SPM-Single Point Mooring)系统,这种系统允许船舶随气候和风的不同而绕锚定点转动。这意味着本系统像其它单点式抛锚系统那样具有有益的特性,使环境力(波浪力、风力、水流力)的影响远小于对固定锚定船舶的影响。
当此系统与船舶脱离连接时,集中重锤落放在海床上。装载挠性导管上的上端件也落放在海床上。在这种方式下,当本系统落放在海床底上时,集中重锤对装载挠性导管和抛锚绳起锚的作用。
铰接装置在锚上的转动由抛锚绳中的水平张力控制。集中重锤使抛锚绳张力在锚上接近处于水平,这在某种程度与具有浮力浮筒的相应单点式抛锚系统相比给予极有利的力矩。这对于实现系统的旋转导致本质上更安全的技术方案。
具有浮力浮筒的系统可能在浮筒上承受巨大的波浪负载。本系统特别适于较浅的水域。这种具有集中重锤的解决办法因此将使在抛锚绳和装载挠性导管上的负载减小。对于浅水水域,基于实际的理由,难于使用浮力浮筒。反之,具有集中重锤的系统将仍能在非常浅的水域(水深浅至10米,能为船舶保证足够的深度)。本系统没具有浮力的元件,此种元件可能在运行过程产生渗漏。
在本系统处于不连接的状态下,如上所述,集中重锤将对装载挠性导管和抛锚绳起锚的作用。基于此,即使在恶劣的海洋情况下,集中重锤将使本系统在海床接近静止地保持。这对于浅水特别重要,在浅水区波浪可能引起大颗粒的运动和速度。对于具有浮力浮筒的系统,在相应情况下,浮筒的运动将能引起该系统在海床的巨大运动,存在磨损和损坏的风险。本系统在不连接的状态下,系统的全部元件均适于接近水底。这消除了与过往船只的碰撞。
Claims (3)
1.一种流体输送船只的锚定系统,该船只用于在船只(1)与在海床(4)某部位之间输送流体,其中,此系统包括一抛锚绳(5),该抛锚绳在设置在船只(1)上的连接装置(8)和设置在海床(4)的锚定装置(6)之间延伸,一装载挠性导管(12)在锚定装置(6)与船只(1)上的连接部(15)之间延伸,
其特征在于,集中重锤(9)被固定在抛锚绳(5)两端部之间,装载挠性导管(12)在其两端部之间的某处与集中重锤(9)连接,因此,集中重锤(9)成为挠性导管的下部(16)与上部(17)之间的一个分界点。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,
其特征在于,装载挠性导管(12)的下部(16)设置在抛锚绳(5)相对应的下部(10)的上方,而挠性导管的上部(17)设置在抛锚绳相应的上部(11)的下方。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的系统,
其特征在于,抛锚绳(5)和装载挠性导管(12)均通过在锚定装置上的铰接装置(7)与锚定装置(6)连接。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO19991062A NO311417B1 (no) | 1999-03-04 | 1999-03-04 | System for forankring av et fartöy |
NO19991062 | 1999-03-04 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1348419A CN1348419A (zh) | 2002-05-08 |
CN1128737C true CN1128737C (zh) | 2003-11-26 |
Family
ID=19903046
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN00804622.0A Expired - Lifetime CN1128737C (zh) | 1999-03-04 | 2000-03-03 | 锚定系统 |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6502526B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1169216B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1128737C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE266558T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU767602B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0008740A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60010685D1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1169216T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2221613T3 (zh) |
ID (1) | ID30279A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO311417B1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2000051881A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7793723B2 (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2010-09-14 | Single Buoy Moorings, Inc. | Submerged loading system |
FR2916732B1 (fr) * | 2007-06-04 | 2009-11-13 | Doris Engineering | Systeme d'amarrage de quai flottant |
EP2531399B1 (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2014-10-29 | Framo Engineering AS | System for handling a transfer device |
GB201114291D0 (en) | 2011-08-19 | 2011-10-05 | Axis ltd | Mooring system |
EP2955096B1 (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-08-17 | Vicinay Marine Innovacion (AIE) | Assembly for mooring a pile with a mooring line and method implemented with said assembly. |
CN105952969A (zh) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-09-21 | 中交第航务工程局有限公司 | 深海取水管道防护方式及敷设施工工艺 |
CN110758644A (zh) * | 2019-08-16 | 2020-02-07 | 招商局海洋装备研究院有限公司 | 螺旋缠绕定位及定形的矿石混输软管系统 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5061131A (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 1991-10-29 | Odeco, Inc. | Structure and method for restraining motion of a marine structure |
NO960698D0 (no) * | 1996-02-21 | 1996-02-21 | Statoil As | System til forankring av skip |
GB9621031D0 (en) * | 1996-10-09 | 1996-11-27 | Coflexip Stena Offshore Ltd | Marine mooring system |
-
1999
- 1999-03-04 NO NO19991062A patent/NO311417B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-03-03 WO PCT/NO2000/000078 patent/WO2000051881A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-03-03 US US09/936,063 patent/US6502526B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-03 ES ES00908138T patent/ES2221613T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-03 AU AU29510/00A patent/AU767602B2/en not_active Expired
- 2000-03-03 BR BR0008740-8A patent/BR0008740A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-03-03 EP EP00908138A patent/EP1169216B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-03 CN CN00804622.0A patent/CN1128737C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-03 DE DE60010685T patent/DE60010685D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-03 DK DK00908138T patent/DK1169216T3/da active
- 2000-03-03 AT AT00908138T patent/ATE266558T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-03-03 ID IDW00200101918A patent/ID30279A/id unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO991062L (no) | 2000-09-05 |
ATE266558T1 (de) | 2004-05-15 |
NO991062D0 (no) | 1999-03-04 |
AU2951000A (en) | 2000-09-21 |
ID30279A (id) | 2001-11-15 |
DE60010685D1 (de) | 2004-06-17 |
AU767602B2 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
CN1348419A (zh) | 2002-05-08 |
DK1169216T3 (da) | 2004-10-04 |
WO2000051881A1 (en) | 2000-09-08 |
EP1169216A1 (en) | 2002-01-09 |
US6502526B1 (en) | 2003-01-07 |
BR0008740A (pt) | 2002-01-08 |
NO311417B1 (no) | 2001-11-26 |
ES2221613T3 (es) | 2005-01-01 |
EP1169216B1 (en) | 2004-05-12 |
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