CN112872857A

CN112872857A - Portable self-adaptive arc-shaped valve cover machining method

Info

Publication number: CN112872857A
Application number: CN202110174313.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄加伟
Original assignee: Spey Xinchang Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Spey Xinchang Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-05-15
Filing date: 2020-05-15
Publication date: 2021-06-01
Also published as: CN111390309B; CN111390309A

Abstract

The invention discloses a portable self-adaptive arc valve cover machining method which comprises a cap-shaped shell, a displacement driving piece, an eccentric compensation seat and a self-adaptive machining shaping mechanism, wherein the cap-shaped shell is provided with a center hole; the self-adaptive machining and shaping mechanism comprises a rotary motor, a sliding compensation block, a rotary seat, a motor mounting seat, an electrode reducing motor, a hydraulic driving cylinder, a centering base, a rack pull rod, an electrode reducing adjusting rod, a slider guide rail, a rack slider, a reducing gear and a tracking electrode assembly, wherein the sliding compensation block is connected with the eccentric compensation seat through a compression spring, the gear pull rod is connected with a piston of the hydraulic driving cylinder, three centering swing arms distributed in a triangular mode are hinged to the centering base, the centering swing arms are meshed with the rack pull rod, the reducing gear is flexibly connected with the lower end of the electrode reducing adjusting rod through a tension spring, and the tracking electrode assembly is arranged on the rack slider; the invention realizes the processing and shaping of the orifice with the asymmetric intersection line, replaces manual operation, is not easy to damage the inner surface of the valve cover and improves the processing efficiency of the valve cover.

Description

Portable self-adaptive arc-shaped valve cover machining method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for processing a portable self-adaptive arc valve cover.

Background

For the arc valve gap, because its inner surface is the curved surface structure for there is non-planar symmetrical structure in the intersection line (the hole intersection line) of the inner of round hole and valve gap internal surface on the valve gap, so lead to adding the degree of difficulty great to the piece of adhesion on the intersection line man-hour, generally for manual processing, inefficiency, and the internal surface of damage valve gap easily.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a portable self-adaptive arc valve cover machining method.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following specific scheme:

a portable self-adaptive arc valve cover processing method comprises a cap-shaped shell, a displacement driving piece fixedly arranged on the inner top of the cap-shaped shell, an eccentric compensation seat fixedly arranged on the displacement driving piece, and a self-adaptive processing and shaping mechanism elastically arranged on the eccentric compensation seat, wherein the displacement driving piece is fixed on the inner top of the cap-shaped shell;

the self-adaptive processing and shaping mechanism comprises a rotary motor, a sliding compensation block, a rotary seat, a motor mounting seat, an electrode reducing motor, a hydraulic driving cylinder, a centering base, a rack pull rod, an electrode reducing adjusting rod, a slide block guide rail, a rack slide block, a reducing gear and a tracking electrode assembly, wherein the sliding compensation block is arranged in a central hole of the eccentric compensation seat and is connected with the eccentric compensation seat through four compression springs distributed in a cross shape, the rotary motor is fixed on the top surface of the sliding compensation block, the rotary seat is rotatably connected on the bottom surface of the sliding compensation block and is connected with the output end of the rotary motor, the motor mounting seat is fixedly arranged on the rotary seat, the electrode reducing motor is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the motor mounting seat and is positioned in the rotary seat, the hydraulic driving cylinder is fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the motor mounting seat, the centering base is fixedly arranged on the hydraulic driving cylinder, the rack pull rod is arranged in the centering base, the upper end of the rack pull rod penetrates through the hydraulic driving cylinder and then extends into the motor mounting seat, the gear pull rod is fixedly connected with a piston of the hydraulic driving cylinder, three centering swing arms which are distributed triangularly and are provided with tooth ends are arranged on the centering base along the circumferential direction, the tooth ends of the centering swing arms are hinged on the centering base and are meshed with the rack pull rod, the electrode reducing adjusting rod is movably arranged in the rack pull rod in a penetrating manner, the upper end of the electrode reducing adjusting rod is connected with the output end of the electrode reducing motor, the upper end of the slide block guide rail is sleeved in the centering base along the axial direction of the centering base, the rack slide block is slidably connected in the slide block guide rail, the reducing gear is movably arranged in the slide block guide rail along the axial direction of the centering base and is meshed with the rack slide block, and the shaft neck of the reducing gear is movably connected with the lower end of the electrode reducing adjusting rod through a tension spring, the tracking electrode assembly is fixedly arranged at the end part of the rack sliding block.

The tracking electrode assembly comprises an L-shaped tracking support, a tracking rod, a tracking ball wheel and a machining electrode, wherein a longitudinal arm of the tracking support is fixed on the rack slider, the tracking rod is vertically installed on a cross arm of the tracking support, the tracking ball wheel is fixed at the upper end of the tracking rod, and the machining electrode is vertically installed on the longitudinal arm of the tracking support.

Wherein, the free end of the centering swing arm is embedded with a centering ball wheel.

The electrode reducing adjusting rod is characterized in that a polygonal inner hole is formed in the lower end of the electrode reducing adjusting rod along the axial direction of the electrode reducing adjusting rod, the shaft neck of the reducing gear is of a polygonal structure matched with the polygonal inner hole, the shaft neck of the reducing gear movably extends into the polygonal inner hole, the tension spring is arranged in the polygonal inner hole, and the two ends of the tension spring are respectively abutted to the motor reducing adjusting rod and the reducing gear.

Wherein, still including setting up the outer fixed establishment on cap shape casing, outer fixed establishment is the centre gripping subassembly of triangular distribution on pressing from both sides tight positioning seat, the ring form and having the plane thread dish and three groups of thread groove including pressing from both sides tight positioning motor, ring form and having, press from both sides tight positioning motor and fix on cap shape casing lateral surface, press from both sides tight positioning seat fixed mounting in cap shape casing bottom, the activity of plane thread dish is inlayed and is located between cap shape casing and the tight positioning seat of clamp, the output that presss from both sides tight positioning motor stretches into in the cap shape casing and is connected with the transmission of plane thread dish through the bevel gear driving medium, and three groups the centre gripping subassembly all is connected on pressing from both sides tight positioning seat along radial sliding connection, and all passes the thread groove that presss from both sides.

The clamping assembly comprises an outer clamping sliding block and an inner clamping block, the outer clamping sliding block is connected to a clamping positioning seat in a sliding mode, a connecting column is arranged on the outer clamping sliding block in an upward protruding mode, the connecting column is embedded into a thread groove of the planar thread disc, the clamping positioning seat is correspondingly provided with an avoiding strip-shaped hole for the connecting column to move, the inner clamping block is fixed to the inner side of the outer clamping sliding block, and the inner side of the inner clamping block is arranged in an isosceles trapezoid structure.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the self-centering mechanism has the advantages that the gear pull rod is linked with the three centering swing arms which are arranged in a triangular distribution mode, the self-centering of the self-adaptive processing and shaping mechanism and the round holes in the valve cover is achieved, the self-centering mechanism can be self-adaptive to the round holes in different specifications, the operation is convenient, the universality is high, then the electrode reducing adjusting rod is used for driving the tracking electrode assembly to achieve reducing through the matching of the reducing gear and the rack slide block, the tracking electrode assembly can move in a tracking mode through the drawing force of the tension spring, accordingly, the purposes of performing chip removing treatment and inverted shaping on the hole opening with the asymmetric cross line can be achieved, the mechanical operation is achieved, manual operation is replaced, the inner surface of the valve cover is not prone to damage, the.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a circular hole being positioned on a protruding cylinder and shaped using the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the adaptive machining shaping mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional schematic view of the external fixation mechanism of the present invention;

description of reference numerals: 1-a cap-shaped housing; 2-displacement of the drive member; 3-an eccentric compensation seat; 4-a self-adaptive processing and shaping mechanism; 4 a-a rotating electrical machine; 4 b-a slip compensation block; 4 c-a rotating seat; 4 d-a motor mounting seat; 4 e-electrode variable diameter motor; 4 f-hydraulic drive cylinder; 4 g-centering base; 4 h-rack pull rod; 4 i-electrode reducing adjusting rod; 4 j-a slider guide rail; 4 k-rack slide block; 4 m-reducing gear; 4 n-tracking electrode assembly; 4n 1-tracking holder; 4n 2-tracking bar; 4n 3-trackball wheel; 4n 4-machining electrode; 4 p-centering swing arm; 4 q-tension spring; 4 r-centering ball wheel; 5-an external fixation mechanism; 5 a-clamping and positioning motor; 5 b-a clamping and positioning seat; 5 c-a planar threaded disc; 5 d-a clamping assembly; 5d 1-outer clamping slide; 5d 2-inner clamping block; 6-compression spring.

Detailed Description

The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following figures and specific examples, without limiting the scope of the invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the method for processing a portable adaptive arc valve cover according to the present embodiment includes a cap-shaped housing 1, a displacement driving member 2 fixedly mounted on an inner top of the cap-shaped housing 1, an eccentric compensation seat 3 fixedly mounted on the displacement driving member 2, and an adaptive processing and shaping mechanism 4 elastically mounted on the eccentric compensation seat 3, where the displacement driving member 2 is fixed on the inner top of the cap-shaped housing 1;

the self-adaptive processing and shaping mechanism 4 comprises a rotary motor 4a, a sliding compensation block 4b, a rotary seat 4c, a motor installation seat 4d, an electrode reducing motor 4e, a hydraulic driving cylinder 4f, a centering base 4g, a rack pull rod 4h, an electrode reducing adjusting rod 4i, a slide block guide rail 4j, a rack slide block 4k, a reducing gear 4m and a tracking electrode assembly 4n, wherein the sliding compensation block 4b is arranged in a central hole of the eccentric compensation seat 3 and is connected with the eccentric compensation seat 3 through four compression springs 6 distributed in a cross shape, the rotary motor 4a is fixed on the top surface of the sliding compensation block 4b, the rotary seat 4c is rotatably connected on the bottom surface of the sliding compensation block 4b and is connected with the output end of the rotary motor 4a, the motor installation seat 4d is fixedly arranged on the rotary seat 4c, the electrode reducing motor 4e is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the motor installation seat 4d and is positioned in the rotary seat 4c, the hydraulic drive cylinder 4f is fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the motor mounting seat 4d, the centering base 4g is fixedly arranged on the hydraulic drive cylinder 4f, the rack pull rod 4h is arranged in the centering base 4g, the upper end of the rack pull rod penetrates through the hydraulic drive cylinder 4f and then extends into the motor mounting seat 4d, the gear pull rod is fixedly connected with a piston of the hydraulic drive cylinder 4f, three centering swing arms 4p which are distributed triangularly and are provided with tooth ends are arranged on the centering base 4g along the circumferential direction, the tooth ends of the centering swing arms 4p are hinged on the centering base 4g and are meshed with the rack pull rod 4h, the electrode reducing adjusting rod 4i is movably arranged in the rack pull rod 4h in a penetrating manner, the upper end of the electrode reducing adjusting rod 4i is connected with the output end of the electrode reducing motor 4e, the upper end of the slide block guide rail 4j is sleeved in the centering base 4g along the axial direction of the centering base 4g, rack slide 4k sliding connection is in slider guided way 4j, reducing gear 4m sets up in slider guided way 4j along centering base 4 g's axial activity, and meshes with rack slide 4k, the axle journal activity of reducing gear 4m runs through slider guided way 4j after with electrode reducing adjust pole 4 i's lower extreme through extension spring 4q flexonics, tracking electrode subassembly 4n fixed mounting is at rack slide 4 k's tip. In this embodiment, the displacement driving member 2 is a micro linear motor, and has a small volume.

The working mode of the embodiment is as follows: when the device works, the circular hole on the valve cover is aligned by the processing device of the embodiment and then is positioned on the valve cover, so that the self-orientation processing and shaping mechanism extends into the circular hole, then the displacement driving piece 2 drives the self-orientation processing and shaping mechanism 4 to downwards move until the tracking electrode assembly 4n exceeds the hole intersecting line, then the hydraulic driving cylinder 4f works under the driving of an external gear pump which supplies oil to the hydraulic driving cylinder 4f, a piston of the hydraulic driving cylinder 4f drives three centering swing arms 4p to outwards expand through a rack pull rod 4h until the three centering swing arms prop against the hole wall of the circular hole to realize centering work, meanwhile, when the axis of the self-orientation processing and shaping mechanism 4 is not coincident with the axis of the circular hole, the sliding compensation block 4b slides to enable the axis of the self-orientation processing and shaping mechanism 4 to be coincident with the axis of the circular hole, thereby ensuring the coaxiality of the self-orientation processing and shaping mechanism 4, the displacement precision of a machining tool placed on the valve cover is reduced, meanwhile, an external gear pump transmits pump oil quantity data to an external control unit, the external control unit calculates the aperture size of the round hole according to the output quantity of a hydraulic oil pump, then the external control unit controls an electrode reducing motor 4e to work, the electrode reducing motor 4e drives an electrode reducing adjusting rod 4i to rotate, the electrode reducing adjusting rod 4i drives a rack slider 4k to slide relative to a slider guide rail 4j through a reducing gear 4m, the rack slider 4k drives a tracking electrode assembly 4n to move, the working radius of the rotary motion of the tracking electrode assembly 4n is adjusted to adapt to the aperture of the round hole, after the adjustment is completed, a displacement driving piece 2 drives a self-adaptive machining shaping mechanism 4 to move upwards until the outer end part of the tracking electrode assembly 4n is attached to the inner surface of the valve cover, and the tracking electrode assembly 4n is blocked by the inner surface of the valve cover, so that the slide block guide block moves downwards relative to the centering base 4g and the rack moves downwards relative to the electrode reducing adjusting rod 4i, thereby stretching the tension spring 4q, the tension spring 4q provides an upward stretching force for the tracking electrode assembly 4n, then the electrode reducing motor 4e works again, the discharge gap between the tracking electrode assembly 4n and the hole intersecting line is adjusted, then the rotating motor 4a drives the rotating base 4c to rotate, the rotating base 4c drives the tracking electrode assembly 4n to do rotary motion, under the linkage of the tension spring 4q, the tracking electrode assembly 4n performs tracking motion along the inner surface of the edge of the hole, meanwhile, the tracking electrode assembly 4n is used for clearing the scraps adhered to the intersection line position and performing blunt processing on the orifice, so that the phenomenon that the sharp-angle orifice generates shearing action on fluid to cause the increase of the fluid passing resistance in the valve cover is avoided, and the processing of one round hole is finished; in the repeated process, all round holes on the valve cover can be continuously processed and shaped.

This embodiment utilizes gear pull rod and the linkage of three centering swing arm 4p that is the triangular distribution setting, realize self-centering of round hole on self-adaptation processing plastic mechanism 4 and the valve gap, with the round hole of the different specifications of self-adaptation, high durability and convenient operation, then utilize electrode reducing to adjust pole 4i and drive tracking electrode subassembly 4n via reducing gear 4m and rack slider 4k cooperation and realize the aperture of reducing in order to adapt to the round hole, utilize the tensile force of extension spring 4q to make tracking electrode subassembly 4n to do the tracking motion simultaneously, thereby can realize carrying out piece clearance processing and blunt plastic to the drill way that the intersection line is asymmetric structure, mechanized operation, replace manual work, the internal surface of difficult damage valve gap, the efficiency of valve gap processing is improved, and whole small, and convenient carrying.

The embodiment also utilizes the eccentric compensation seat 3 and the sliding compensation block 4b to be matched with each other through the compression spring 6 to form elastic floating eccentric compensation, so that the position deviation between the axis of the self-adaptive machining and shaping mechanism 4 and the axis of the round hole in the valve cover can be compensated, and the machining precision of the round hole in the valve cover is greatly improved.

Based on the above embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, further, the tracking electrode assembly 4n includes a tracking support 4n1 in an L shape, a tracking rod 4n2, a tracking ball 4n3 and a processing electrode 4n4, wherein a longitudinal arm of the tracking support 4n1 is fixed on the rack slider 4k, the tracking rod 4n2 is vertically installed on a cross arm of the tracking support 4n1, the tracking ball 4n3 is fixed on an upper end of the tracking rod 4n2, and the processing electrode 4n4 is vertically installed on a longitudinal arm of the tracking support 4n 1. When the working radius of the rotary motion of the tracking electrode assembly 4n is adjusted, the rack sliding block 4k drives the tracking electrode assembly 4n to move, so that the radius of the rotary motion of the machining electrode 4n4 is slightly smaller than that of the round hole, and the radius of the rotary motion of the tracking ball wheel 4n3 is larger than that of the round hole, after the adjustment is completed, the displacement driving piece 2 drives the self-adaptive machining shaping mechanism 4 to move upwards until the tracking ball wheel 4n3 on the tracking electrode assembly 4n is attached to the inner surface of the valve cover, so that the sliding block guide rail 4j moves downwards relative to the centering base 4g, the rack sliding block 4k moves downwards relative to the electrode reducing adjusting rod 4i, the tension spring 4q is stretched, then the electrode reducing motor 4e works again, the discharge gap between the machining electrode 4n4 and the intersection line of the hole is adjusted, then the rotary motor 4a drives the rotary seat 4c to rotate, and the rotary seat 4c drives the, and under the linkage of extension spring 4q, tracking motion is made along the internal surface at drill way border to tracking ball wheel 4n3 for processing electrode 4n4 is along the tracking motion is made to the orbit of hole intersection line, namely in the rotary motion in-process, processing electrode 4n4 is located the coplanar with the hole intersection line, thereby accomplish the piece of adhesion on the hole intersection line and clear away, utilize the electric arc that processing electrode 4n4 produced to accomplish the blunting processing to the drill way of round hole simultaneously, realize the drill way processing to asymmetric curved surface hole intersection line.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, based on the above embodiment, further, a centering ball wheel 4r is embedded in the free end of the centering swing arm 4 p. So set up, utilize centering ball wheel 4r and pore wall contact, can protect the pore wall surface of round hole better, difficult damage pore wall.

On the basis of above-mentioned embodiment, furtherly, the lower extreme of electrode reducing adjusting pole 4i is provided with the polygon hole along its axial, preferably, for hexagon hole or spline groove, reducing gear 4 m's axle journal be with polygon structure of polygon hole assorted, correspondingly, polygon structure is hexagonal prism or spline structure, reducing gear 4 m's axle journal activity stretches into the polygon hole, extension spring 4q locates in the polygon hole, and its both ends respectively the butt on motor reducing adjusting pole and reducing gear 4 m. By the arrangement, when the electrode reducing motor 4e drives the electrode reducing adjusting rod 4i to rotate, the electrode reducing adjusting rod 4i and the reducing gear 4m are prevented from generating relative rotation movement to influence the adjusting precision of the tracking electrode assembly 4n, so that the reducing gear 4m rotates synchronously along with the electrode reducing adjusting rod 4 i.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, based on the above embodiment, the present invention further includes an external fixing mechanism 5 disposed on the cap-shaped housing 1, where the external fixing mechanism 5 includes a clamping and positioning motor 5a, an annular clamping and positioning seat 5b, an annular planar threaded disk 5c with a threaded groove, and three sets of clamping assemblies 5d triangularly distributed on the clamping and positioning seat 5b, the clamping and positioning motor 5a is fixed on an outer side surface of the cap-shaped housing 1, the clamping and positioning seat 5b is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the cap-shaped housing 1, the planar threaded disk 5c is movably embedded between the cap-shaped housing 1 and the clamping and positioning seat 5b, an output end of the clamping and positioning motor 5a extends into the cap-shaped housing 1 and is in transmission connection with the planar threaded disk 5c through a conical gear transmission member, and the three sets of the clamping assemblies 5d are all slidably connected to the clamping and positioning seat 5b along a radial direction, And are connected with the thread groove of the plane thread disc 5c after passing through the clamping positioning seat 5 b.

During the in-service use, with the processing utensil of this embodiment cover on the outstanding cylinder of valve gap upper circular hole to the valve gap surface salient, then press from both sides tight positioning motor 5a and drive plane screw thread dish 5c rotatoryly via the bevel gear driving medium, plane screw thread dish 5c promotes three group's centre gripping subassemblies 5d simultaneously and presss from both sides tight positioning seat 5b relatively and be centripetal motion, the common centre gripping of three group's centre gripping subassemblies 5d is on outstanding cylinder to realize the fixed positioning of whole processing utensil, easy operation is swift.

Based on the above embodiment, further, the clamping assembly 5d includes an outer clamping slider 5d1 and an inner clamping block 5d2, the outer clamping slider 5d1 is slidably connected to the clamping positioning seat 5b, the outer clamping slider 5d1 is provided with a connecting column in an upward protruding manner, the connecting column is embedded in a thread groove of the planar thread disc 5c, the clamping positioning seat 5b is correspondingly provided with an avoiding strip-shaped hole for the connecting column to move, the inner clamping block 5d2 is fixed on the inner side of the outer clamping slider 5d1, and the inner side of the inner clamping block 5d2 is in an isosceles trapezoid structure. In practical use, during the rotation of the planar threaded disk 5c, the connecting column on the outer clamping slider 5d1 slides in the thread groove of the planar threaded disk 5c, so that the outer clamping slider 5d1 slides relative to the clamping positioning seat 5b, and the outer clamping slider 5d1 drives the inner clamping block 5d2 to move, so that the outer clamping slider is clamped on the protruding cylinder, and the purpose of fixing a processing tool is achieved.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications of the structure, characteristics and principles described in the present patent application are included in the protection scope of the present patent application.

Claims

1. A portable self-adaptive arc-shaped valve cover machining method is characterized by comprising a cap-shaped shell (1), a displacement driving piece (2) fixedly installed on the inner top of the cap-shaped shell (1), an eccentric compensation seat (3) fixedly installed on the displacement driving piece (2), and a self-adaptive machining shaping mechanism (4) elastically installed on the eccentric compensation seat (3), wherein the displacement driving piece (2) is fixed on the inner top of the cap-shaped shell (1);

the self-adaptive machining and shaping mechanism (4) comprises a rotating motor (4 a), a sliding compensation block (4 b), a rotating seat (4 c), a motor mounting seat (4 d), an electrode reducing motor (4 e), a hydraulic driving cylinder (4 f), a centering base (4 g), a rack pull rod (4 h), an electrode reducing adjusting rod (4 i), a slider guide rail (4 j), a rack slider (4 k), a reducing gear (4 m) and a tracking electrode assembly (4 n), wherein the sliding compensation block (4 b) is arranged in a central hole of the eccentric compensation seat (3) and is connected with the eccentric compensation seat (3) through four compression springs (6) distributed in a cross shape, the rotating motor (4 a) is fixed on the top surface of the sliding compensation block (4 b), the rotating seat (4 c) is rotatably connected on the bottom surface of the sliding compensation block (4 b) and is connected with the output end of the rotating motor (4 a), the electrode reducing motor (4 e) is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the motor mounting seat (4 d) and is positioned in the rotating seat (4 c), the hydraulic driving cylinder (4 f) is fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the motor mounting seat (4 d), the centering base (4 g) is fixedly arranged on the hydraulic driving cylinder (4 f), the rack pull rod (4 h) is arranged in the centering base (4 g) and the upper end of the rack pull rod penetrates through the hydraulic driving cylinder (4 f) and then extends into the motor mounting seat (4 d), the gear pull rod is fixedly connected with the piston of the hydraulic driving cylinder (4 f), three centering swing arms (4 p) which are distributed triangularly and have tooth ends are arranged on the centering base (4 g) along the circumferential direction, the tooth ends of the centering swing arms (4 p) are hinged on the centering base (4 g) and are meshed with the rack pull rod (4 h), the electrode reducing adjusting rod (4 i) is movably arranged in the rack pull rod (4 h) in a penetrating way, the upper end of the electrode reducing adjusting rod (4 i) is connected with the output end of the electrode reducing motor (4 e), the upper end of the slide block guide rail (4 j) is sleeved in the centering base (4 g) along the axial direction of the centering base (4 g), the rack sliding block (4 k) is connected in a sliding block guide rail (4 j) in a sliding way, the reducing gear (4 m) is movably arranged in the sliding block guide rail (4 j) along the axial direction of the centering base (4 g) and is meshed with the rack sliding block (4 k), the shaft neck of the reducing gear (4 m) movably penetrates through the slide block guide rail (4 j) and then is flexibly connected with the lower end of the electrode reducing adjusting rod (4 i) through a tension spring (4 q), the tracking electrode assembly (4 n) is fixedly arranged at the end part of the rack sliding block (4 k); the tracking electrode assembly (4 n) comprises an L-shaped tracking bracket (4 n 1), a tracking rod (4 n 2), a tracking ball wheel (4 n 3) and a machining electrode (4 n 4), wherein the longitudinal arm of the tracking bracket (4 n 1) is fixed on a rack slider (4 k), the tracking rod (4 n 2) is vertically installed on the cross arm of the tracking bracket (4 n 1), the tracking ball wheel (4 n 3) is fixed at the upper end of the tracking rod (4 n 2), and the machining electrode (4 n 4) is vertically installed on the longitudinal arm of the tracking bracket (4 n 1);

when the device works, the circular hole on the valve cover is aligned by the processing device of the embodiment and then is positioned on the valve cover, so that the self-orientation processing and shaping mechanism extends into the circular hole, then the displacement driving piece 2 drives the self-orientation processing and shaping mechanism 4 to downwards move until the tracking electrode assembly 4n exceeds the hole intersecting line, then the hydraulic driving cylinder 4f works under the driving of an external gear pump which supplies oil to the hydraulic driving cylinder 4f, a piston of the hydraulic driving cylinder 4f drives three centering swing arms 4p to outwards expand through a rack pull rod 4h until the three centering swing arms prop against the hole wall of the circular hole to realize centering work, meanwhile, when the axis of the self-orientation processing and shaping mechanism 4 is not coincident with the axis of the circular hole, the sliding compensation block 4b slides to enable the axis of the self-orientation processing and shaping mechanism 4 to be coincident with the axis of the circular hole, thereby ensuring the coaxiality of the self-orientation processing and shaping mechanism 4, the displacement precision of a machining tool placed on the valve cover is reduced, meanwhile, an external gear pump transmits pump oil quantity data to an external control unit, the external control unit calculates the aperture size of the round hole according to the output quantity of a hydraulic oil pump, then the external control unit controls an electrode reducing motor 4e to work, the electrode reducing motor 4e drives an electrode reducing adjusting rod 4i to rotate, the electrode reducing adjusting rod 4i drives a rack slider 4k to slide relative to a slider guide rail 4j through a reducing gear 4m, the rack slider 4k drives a tracking electrode assembly 4n to move, the working radius of the rotary motion of the tracking electrode assembly 4n is adjusted to adapt to the aperture of the round hole, after the adjustment is completed, a displacement driving piece 2 drives a self-adaptive machining shaping mechanism 4 to move upwards until the outer end part of the tracking electrode assembly 4n is attached to the inner surface of the valve cover, and the tracking electrode assembly 4n is blocked by the inner surface of the valve cover, so that the slide block guide block moves downwards relative to the centering base 4g and the rack moves downwards relative to the electrode reducing adjusting rod 4i, thereby stretching the tension spring 4q, the tension spring 4q provides an upward stretching force for the tracking electrode assembly 4n, then the electrode reducing motor 4e works again, the discharge gap between the tracking electrode assembly 4n and the hole intersecting line is adjusted, then the rotating motor 4a drives the rotating base 4c to rotate, the rotating base 4c drives the tracking electrode assembly 4n to do rotary motion, under the linkage of the tension spring 4q, the tracking electrode assembly 4n performs tracking motion along the inner surface of the edge of the hole, meanwhile, the tracking electrode assembly 4n is used for clearing the scraps adhered to the intersection line position and performing blunt processing on the orifice, so that the phenomenon that the sharp-angle orifice generates shearing action on fluid to cause the increase of the fluid passing resistance in the valve cover is avoided, and the processing of one round hole is finished; in the repeated process, all round holes on the valve cover can be continuously processed and shaped.

2. The machining method for the portable self-adaptive arc-shaped valve cover according to claim 1, wherein a centering ball wheel (4 r) is embedded in the free end of the centering swing arm (4 p).

3. The machining method for the portable self-adaptive arc-shaped valve cover according to claim 1, wherein a polygonal inner hole is formed in the lower end of the electrode reducing adjusting rod (4 i) along the axial direction of the electrode reducing adjusting rod, the shaft neck of the reducing gear (4 m) is of a polygonal structure matched with the polygonal inner hole, the shaft neck of the reducing gear (4 m) movably extends into the polygonal inner hole, the tension spring (4 q) is arranged in the polygonal inner hole, and two ends of the tension spring are respectively abutted to the motor reducing adjusting rod and the reducing gear (4 m).

4. The method for machining the portable self-adaptive arc-shaped valve cover according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by further comprising an external fixing mechanism (5) arranged on the cap-shaped shell (1), wherein the external fixing mechanism (5) comprises a clamping and positioning motor (5 a), an annular clamping and positioning seat (5 b), an annular planar threaded disc (5 c) with a threaded groove and three groups of clamping components (5 d) distributed on the clamping and positioning seat (5 b) in a triangular manner, the clamping and positioning motor (5 a) is fixed on the outer side surface of the cap-shaped shell (1), the clamping and positioning seat (5 b) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the cap-shaped shell (1), the planar threaded disc (5 c) is movably embedded between the cap-shaped shell (1) and the clamping and positioning seat (5 b), and the output end of the clamping and positioning motor (5 a) extends into the cap-shaped shell (1) and is in transmission connection with the planar threaded disc (5 c) through a bevel gear transmission piece The three groups of clamping assemblies (5 d) are connected to the clamping positioning seat (5 b) in a sliding mode along the radial direction, penetrate through the clamping positioning seat (5 b) and then are connected with the thread groove of the plane thread disc (5 c).

5. The machining method for the portable self-adaptive arc-shaped valve cover according to claim 4, wherein the clamping assembly (5 d) comprises an outer clamping slide block (5 d 1) and an inner clamping block (5 d 2), the outer clamping slide block (5 d 1) is slidably connected to the clamping positioning seat (5 b), the outer clamping slide block (5 d 1) is provided with an upward protruding connecting column, the connecting column is embedded into a threaded groove of the planar threaded disc (5 c), the clamping positioning seat (5 b) is correspondingly provided with an avoiding strip-shaped hole for the connecting column to move, the inner clamping block (5 d 2) is fixed on the inner side of the outer clamping slide block (5 d 1), and the inner side of the inner clamping block (5 d 2) is arranged in an isosceles trapezoid structure.

6. The machining method for the portable self-adaptive arc-shaped valve cover according to claim 4, wherein the clamping assembly (5 d) comprises an outer clamping slide block (5 d 1) and an inner clamping block (5 d 2), the outer clamping slide block (5 d 1) is slidably connected to the clamping positioning seat (5 b), the outer clamping slide block (5 d 1) is provided with an upward protruding connecting column, the connecting column is embedded into a threaded groove of the planar threaded disc (5 c), the clamping positioning seat (5 b) is correspondingly provided with an avoiding strip-shaped hole for the connecting column to move, the inner clamping block (5 d 2) is fixed on the inner side of the outer clamping slide block (5 d 1), and the inner side of the inner clamping block (5 d 2) is arranged in an isosceles trapezoid structure.

7. The machining method for the portable self-adaptive arc-shaped valve cover according to claim 4, wherein the clamping assembly (5 d) comprises an outer clamping slide block (5 d 1) and an inner clamping block (5 d 2), the outer clamping slide block (5 d 1) is slidably connected to the clamping positioning seat (5 b), the outer clamping slide block (5 d 1) is provided with an upward protruding connecting column, the connecting column is embedded into a threaded groove of the planar threaded disc (5 c), the clamping positioning seat (5 b) is correspondingly provided with an avoiding strip-shaped hole for the connecting column to move, the inner clamping block (5 d 2) is fixed on the inner side of the outer clamping slide block (5 d 1), and the inner side of the inner clamping block (5 d 2) is arranged in an isosceles trapezoid structure.