CN112871737A - Pipe fitting internal thread detection method based on sensor, pipe fitting screening method and system - Google Patents
Pipe fitting internal thread detection method based on sensor, pipe fitting screening method and system Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16M11/00—Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon ; Stands for scientific apparatus such as gravitational force meters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16M—FRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
- F16M11/00—Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon ; Stands for scientific apparatus such as gravitational force meters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pipe fitting internal thread detection method based on a sensor, a pipe fitting screening method and a pipe fitting screening system, wherein the detection method comprises the steps of firstly adjusting the position between a horizontal distance measuring sensor and a pipe fitting to be detected, so that an optical axis of the horizontal distance measuring sensor can reach a seam allowance of an internal thread of the pipe fitting to be detected; then the pipe fitting to be measured autorotates for a circle around the axis of the outer wall of the pipe fitting to be measured, the distance between the axis of the outer circle and the axis of the inner circle of the pipe fitting to be measured is obtained according to the formula (1), and the axis position of the inner circle of the pipe fitting to be measured is obtained according to the distance and the axis position of the outer wall of the pipe fitting to be measured; and moving the horizontal distance measuring sensor from one end of the pipe fitting to be measured to the other end of the pipe fitting to be measured along the axis direction of the inner wall of the pipe fitting to be measured to obtain the measuring thread form of the pipe fitting to be measured. The detection method solves the problems that the traditional detection method cannot determine the axis of the inner wall of the workpiece when the inner wall and the outer wall of the workpiece are not coaxial due to factors such as processing errors and the like, so that the measured thread pitch diameter value is inaccurate, and the detection precision is influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of internal threads, and relates to a pipe fitting internal thread detection method based on a sensor, a pipe fitting screening method and a pipe fitting screening system.
Background
The thread has tight connection due to the thread pair, good sealing performance, thicker thread pipe wall, stronger torque transmission capacity and pressure resistance, and is widely applied to high-pressure gas and liquid transmission pipelines and high-strength drilling tools. In the thread machining process, thread detection is an important link for ensuring the thread machining quality. The external thread has mature detection technology due to the fact that the thread part of the external thread is easy to observe, and a contact type method or a non-contact type method is adopted. The internal thread is smaller and gradually changed in internal space due to the thread thereof. At present, contact detection modes such as thread gauges and needle detectors are commonly adopted. When the thread gauge is used for detection, the thread gauge needs to be screwed in and out repeatedly, the detection efficiency is low, the measuring tool is easy to wear, and the requirements for large-batch, high-precision and quick detection are difficult to meet.
The non-contact internal thread detection method has a visual imaging mode and is based on a laser displacement detection technology. For the visual imaging mode, because the internal space of the internal thread is limited, when the visual imaging detection is adopted, the requirement on an imaging lens is higher, and the conventional lens cannot penetrate into the inner side of a workpiece. In addition, when the visual imaging method is adopted, the lens is close to the thread and under the irradiation of light rays, the fisheye distortion phenomenon is serious, the image is easy to distort, and the measurement accuracy is poor; the laser displacement detection technology uses a laser sensor as a detection head, and realizes the non-contact measurement of internal threads through spatial movement, but the existing laser displacement detection technology is suitable for the measurement of large-size standard threads (such as threads with the diameter of more than M200), and cannot accurately measure the thread profile of a pipe thread workpiece or workpieces with different axes of the inner wall and the outer wall.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a pipe fitting internal thread detection method based on a sensor, a pipe fitting screening method and a pipe fitting screening system, which solve the problems that the existing internal thread detection method aims at small-size threads and low thread depth detection precision.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a pipe fitting internal thread detection method based on a sensor, which comprises the following steps:
wherein α is 0 ° <360 °, n ═ 1,2,3,4, when α is 0 ° <90 °, n ═ 1, when α is 90 ° <180 °, n ≥ 2; when alpha is more than or equal to 180 degrees and less than 270 degrees, n is 3; alpha is more than or equal to 270 degrees and less than 360 degrees, and n is 4;
obtaining the axis position of the inner circle of the pipe fitting to be tested according to the axis position of the outer wall of the pipe fitting to be tested, the delta x and the delta y;
and 4, moving the horizontal distance measuring sensor from one end of the pipe fitting to be measured to the other end of the pipe fitting to be measured along the axial direction of the inner circle of the pipe fitting to be measured, and obtaining the measuring thread form of the pipe fitting to be measured.
Optionally, step 1 includes: the method comprises the steps that a clamping mechanism for clamping the pipe fitting to be tested is arranged, a space coordinate system is established by taking the clamping center of the clamping mechanism as the circle center, and after the clamping mechanism clamps the workpiece to be tested, the axis of the outer wall of the workpiece to be tested passes through the origin of coordinates, so that the position of the axis of the outer wall of the pipe fitting to be tested is determined.
Optionally, step 3 includes: firstly, a horizontal distance measuring sensor is moved downwards from the upper end surface to the lower end surface of the pipe fitting to be measured, and the horizontal distance measuring sensor scans to obtain a thread profile on one side of a certain section of the axis of the inner wall of the pipe fitting to be measured; and then, rotating the pipe fitting to be measured by 180 degrees around the axis of the excircle of the pipe fitting to be measured, moving the horizontal distance measuring sensor upwards from the lower end face to the upper end face of the pipe fitting to be measured, and scanning to obtain the thread profile on the other side of the section.
The invention also discloses a pipe fitting screening method based on the sensor, which comprises the following steps:
and 4, comparing the measured thread form in the step 3 with the standard thread form in the step 2, wherein if the measured thread form is matched with the standard thread form, the pipe fitting to be measured is qualified, and otherwise, the pipe fitting to be measured is unqualified.
Optionally, the step 1 of determining the specification type of the pipe fitting to be measured specifically includes: and arranging a vertical distance measuring sensor, driving the vertical distance measuring sensor to move to another point outside the outer wall of the pipe fitting to be measured from one point outside the outer wall of the pipe fitting to be measured along the horizontal direction crossed with the axis of the outer wall of the pipe fitting to be measured, and obtaining the specification type of the pipe fitting to be measured according to the signal change of the vertical distance measuring sensor.
The invention also discloses a pipe fitting screening system based on the sensor, which comprises a data acquisition module for acquiring the specification type and the internal thread data of the pipe fitting to be detected, a first motion assembly for driving the acquisition module to move, a second motion assembly for driving the pipe fitting to be detected to move, a rotating assembly for driving the pipe fitting to be detected to rotate, a clamping mechanism for clamping the pipe fitting to be detected, a controller and a display;
the data acquisition module comprises a horizontal distance measurement sensor and a vertical distance measurement sensor;
the controller is internally provided with a mobile control module, a to-be-tested pipe specification type calculation module, a standard thread form matching module, a to-be-tested pipe axis determination module, a to-be-tested pipe thread form calculation module and a to-be-tested pipe thread form judgment module;
the movement control module is used for controlling the first movement assembly, the second movement assembly, the rotating assembly and the clamping mechanism to move; the to-be-tested pipe fitting specification type calculation module is used for determining the specification type of the to-be-tested pipe fitting, and the specification type comprises the outer diameter, the inner diameter, the wall thickness and the height of the to-be-tested pipe fitting; the standard thread form matching module is used for calling a standard thread form corresponding to the pipe fitting to be tested, which is stored in the database, according to the specification type of the pipe fitting to be tested; the to-be-tested pipe fitting axis determining module is used for calculating the position of the axis of the inner wall of the to-be-tested pipe fitting; the thread profile calculation module of the pipe fitting to be measured is used for calculating the thread profile according to the internal thread data scanned by the horizontal distance measurement sensor; the thread tooth type judging module of the pipe fitting to be tested is used for comparing the thread tooth type obtained by the thread tooth type calculating module of the pipe fitting to be tested with the standard thread tooth type obtained by the standard thread tooth type matching module, if the measured thread tooth type is matched with the standard thread tooth type, the pipe fitting to be tested is qualified, otherwise, the pipe fitting to be tested is unqualified;
the display is used for displaying the matching result output by the thread tooth type judging module of the pipe fitting to be tested.
Optionally, the horizontal distance measuring sensor and the vertical distance measuring sensor are both connected with a first moving assembly, and the first moving assembly can drive the horizontal distance measuring sensor and the vertical distance measuring sensor to move up and down along the vertical direction; the rotating assembly is connected above the second moving assembly, the clamping mechanism is connected above the rotating assembly, and the rotating assembly drives the clamping mechanism to rotate; the second motion assembly can move along two directions which are perpendicular to each other on a plane, and the moving plane of the second motion assembly is perpendicular to the moving direction of the first motion assembly.
Optionally, the first moving assembly includes an upright and a first transmission mechanism connected to the upright, and the first transmission mechanism is a ball screw transmission mechanism or a rack and pinion transmission mechanism; the horizontal distance measuring sensor and the vertical distance measuring sensor are connected to the first transmission mechanism.
Optionally, the second movement assembly is composed of two X-direction second transmission mechanisms and two Y-direction second transmission mechanisms which are connected in a mutually perpendicular manner, and the X-direction second transmission mechanisms and the Y-direction second transmission mechanisms are both ball screw transmission mechanisms or gear rack transmission mechanisms.
Optionally, the clamping mechanism is an index plate; the rotating assembly is a self-centering three-jaw pneumatic chuck; the horizontal distance measuring sensor is a laser displacement sensor or a spectrum confocal sensor; the vertical distance measuring sensor is a laser distance measuring sensor or an infrared distance measuring sensor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a method for determining the inner circle axis of a workpiece with different inner and outer walls based on a sensor for detecting the internal thread of the pipe fitting, and solves the problems that the axis of the inner wall of the workpiece cannot be determined by a traditional detection method when the inner and outer walls of the workpiece are different due to factors such as processing errors, the measured thread middle diameter value is inaccurate, and the detection precision is influenced. And the detection method has stronger compatibility, and can realize the mixed line detection of internal thread products with different specifications.
(2) Compared with the traditional method for detecting whether the thread is qualified or not by using a gauge, the method and the device can realize high-precision and high-efficiency online detection of the internal thread, can analyze various parameters of the produced internal thread, and provide a thread parameter basis for process optimization.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a screening system according to embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a controller according to embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pipe to be tested having different axes of inner and outer holes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of determining an inner circle axis of a pipe to be measured according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a pipe to be tested having a tapered thread according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the figures denote:
1-a data acquisition module, 2-a first motion assembly, 3-a second motion assembly, 4-a rotation assembly, 5-a clamping mechanism, 6-a controller, 7-a display, 8-a pipe fitting to be tested, and 9-a machine table;
11-horizontal distance measuring sensor, 12-vertical distance measuring sensor;
21-upright, 22-first transmission mechanism;
the 31-X direction second transmission mechanism and the 32-Y direction second transmission mechanism;
81-excircle of the pipe to be measured, and 82-inner circle of the pipe to be measured.
The details of the present invention are explained in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Detailed Description
In the invention, the optical axis direction of the horizontal distance measuring sensor is along the horizontal direction, and the optical axis direction of the vertical distance measuring sensor is along the vertical direction;
in the invention, the phrase "the inner and outer walls of the pipe are not coaxial" means that the wall thickness of the pipe in the radial direction is not uniform, so that the inner circle of the pipe is eccentric relative to the outer circle, as shown in fig. 3.
The axis of the outer wall of the pipe to be tested refers to the central axis of the annular outer wall of the pipe to be tested, and the axis of the inner wall of the pipe to be tested refers to the central axis of the annular inner wall of the pipe to be tested, as shown in fig. 3, 81 represents the outer wall of the pipe to be tested, and 82 represents the inner wall of the pipe to be tested, i.e., the inner circle of.
The following embodiments of the present invention are provided, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and all equivalent changes based on the technical solutions of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the use of the terms of orientation such as "upper, lower, bottom, top" and "lower" generally refer to the definition in the drawing plane of the corresponding drawing, and "inner and outer" refer to the definition in the drawing plane of the corresponding drawing.
Example 1
In practical engineering, there is often a problem that the inner and outer walls of the pipe are not coaxial due to uneven wall thickness of the pipe along the radial direction caused by machining errors and other factors, and fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the pipe with the inner and outer walls being not coaxial. For the internal thread detection of the pipe fitting with the different axes of the inner wall and the outer wall, the embodiment discloses a pipe fitting internal thread detection method based on a sensor, and the internal thread of the pipe fitting to be detected of the embodiment is a straight thread, namely, the internal thread hole of the pipe fitting to be detected is a circular hole with the same diameter. The method comprises the following steps:
in the embodiment, the to-be-tested pipe passes through the circle center of the space coordinate system preferably, specifically, by arranging the clamping mechanism for clamping the to-be-tested pipe, the clamping center of the clamping mechanism is used as the circle center of the space coordinate system, and after the clamping mechanism clamps the to-be-tested workpiece, the axis of the outer wall of the to-be-tested workpiece passes through the origin of coordinates, so that the axis position of the outer wall of the to-be-tested pipe is determined.
The invention can also select to arrange a groove matched with the external shape of the workpiece to be tested, the center of the groove is used as the circle center of the space coordinate system, but different grooves need to be matched when the shape and the size of the workpiece change, therefore, the clamping mechanism is preferably adopted to clamp in the embodiment, and the invention is suitable for different types of parts.
And 2, arranging a horizontal distance measuring sensor above the pipe to be measured, wherein the optical axis direction of the horizontal distance measuring sensor is vertical to the axis of the excircle of the pipe to be measured, and adjusting the position between the horizontal distance measuring sensor and the pipe to be measured to enable the optical axis of the horizontal distance measuring sensor to reach the spigot of the internal thread of the pipe to be measured.
In this embodiment, when the horizontal distance measuring sensor appears the detected signal, it indicates that the horizontal sensor has got into in the work piece hole, the position when the signal appears or the position after the horizontal distance measuring sensor continues to move down a certain distance after the signal appears is regarded as the tang department of internal thread, wherein "certain distance" is confirmed according to the pipe fitting rule that awaits measuring in reality, if 3 ~ 5 mm.
wherein n is 1,2,3,4, which refers to different quadrants in the XY coordinate system; alpha is more than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 360 degrees, when the alpha is more than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees, n is 1, when the alpha is more than or equal to 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees, n is 2; when alpha is more than or equal to 180 degrees and less than 270 degrees, n is 3; alpha is more than or equal to 270 degrees and less than 360 degrees, and n is 4 degrees.
And finally, obtaining the axis position of the inner circle of the pipe fitting to be detected according to the distances delta x and delta y and the axis position of the outer wall of the pipe fitting to be detected. In this embodiment, because the axis of the outer wall of the pipe to be measured is located at the center of the coordinate circle, the axis of the inner circle of the pipe to be measured is Δ x and Δ y.
And 4, moving the horizontal distance measuring sensor from one end of the pipe to be measured to the other end of the pipe to be measured along the axis direction of the inner wall of the pipe to be measured to obtain a measured thread form of the pipe to be measured, wherein the thread form comprises a thread height, a thread pitch diameter and a thread form angle.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, when the thread form is determined: firstly, adjusting the pipe fitting to be measured to enable the axis of the inner wall of the pipe fitting to be intersected with the optical axis of the horizontal distance measuring sensor, moving the horizontal distance measuring sensor from the upper end face to the lower end face of the pipe fitting to be measured, and scanning by the horizontal distance measuring sensor to obtain a thread profile on one side of a certain section of the axis of the inner wall of the pipe fitting to be measured; and then, rotating the pipe fitting to be measured by 180 degrees around the axis of the excircle of the pipe fitting to be measured, moving the horizontal distance measuring sensor upwards from the lower end face to the upper end face of the pipe fitting to be measured, and scanning to obtain the thread profile on the other side of the section.
In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the parameters, a mode of measuring for multiple times and averaging can be adopted, namely, the pipe fitting to be measured is rotated to different angles, and the step 3 is repeated to obtain thread profiles on different sections.
During the measurement process, the inner circle thread surface of the pipe fitting to be measured is ensured to be located in the range of the horizontal distance measuring sensor, and the measurement is realized by adjusting the distance between the horizontal distance measuring sensor and the inner circle thread surface of the pipe fitting to be measured.
Example 2
The internal thread of the pipe to be tested is a taper thread, that is, the internal thread hole of the pipe to be tested is a taper, as shown in fig. 5. The internal thread detection method of the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:
and 3, when the inner circle of the pipe fitting to be measured is conical, adjusting the horizontal position of the horizontal distance measuring sensor in real time in the axial movement process of the horizontal distance measuring sensor along the pipe fitting to be measured. And ensuring that the inner circle thread surface of the pipe fitting to be measured is positioned in the range of the horizontal distance measuring sensor.
The detection method solves the problems that the traditional detection method cannot determine the axis of the inner wall of the workpiece when the inner wall and the outer wall of the workpiece are not coaxial due to factors such as processing errors and the like, so that the measured thread pitch diameter value is inaccurate, and the detection precision is influenced.
The internal thread detection method can be used for detecting pipe workpieces with different axial inner and outer walls and workpieces with coaxial inner and outer walls, and has wider universality.
Example 3
The embodiment discloses a pipe screening method based on a sensor, which is used for screening out pipes with qualified and unqualified internal threads, and comprises the following steps:
the embodiment specifically includes: the vertical distance measuring sensor 11 is arranged above the pipe to be measured, the vertical distance measuring sensor 11 moves from one point outside the outer wall of the pipe to be measured to another point outside the outer wall of the pipe to be measured along the horizontal direction crossed with the axis of the outer wall of the pipe to be measured, and the specification type of the pipe to be measured is obtained according to the signal change of the vertical distance measuring sensor.
To implement this process, the following scheme is preferred in this embodiment: firstly, the clamping center for clamping the pipe to be tested is taken as the center of a space coordinate system, the horizontal plane for placing the workpiece to be tested is taken as the XY plane component space coordinate, and the position of the vertical ranging sensor 11 in the space is calibrated according to the space coordinate system, wherein the space position of the vertical ranging sensor 11 is (0,0, c 2).
In the moving process of the workpiece, when a detection signal occurs for the first time, the position of the X axis is recorded as X1 and the distance between the vertical distance measuring sensor 12 and the surface of the pipe fitting to be measured is recorded as h, and when the detection signal disappears for the first time, the position of the X axis is recorded as X2Recording the X-axis position as X when the detection signal is present again3When the detection signal disappears again, the position of the X axis is recorded as X4The outer diameter D of the workpiece is x4-x1The inner diameter d of the workpiece being x3-x2Thickness of the work piece is x1-x2The height of the workpiece is c 2-h.
and 4, comparing the measured thread form in the step 3 with the standard thread form in the step 2, wherein if the measured thread form is matched with the standard thread form, the pipe fitting to be measured is qualified, and otherwise, the pipe fitting to be measured is unqualified.
Example 4
The embodiment discloses a pipe screening system based on a sensor, which is used for screening qualified and unqualified pipes with internal threads. As shown in fig. 1, the system of this embodiment includes a data acquisition module 1 for acquiring specification type and internal thread data of a pipe to be tested, a first motion component 2 for driving the data acquisition module 1 to move, a second motion component 3 for driving the pipe to be tested 8 to move, a rotation component 4 for driving the pipe to be tested 8 to rotate, a clamping mechanism 5 for clamping the pipe to be tested 8, a controller 6, and a display 7.
Wherein, data acquisition module 1 includes horizontal range finding sensor 11 and perpendicular range finding sensor 12, and horizontal range finding sensor 11 is used for gathering the pipe fitting internal thread that awaits measuring, and perpendicular range finding sensor 12 is used for gathering the pipe fitting specification type that awaits measuring.
In this embodiment, the horizontal distance measuring sensor 11 and the vertical distance measuring sensor 12 are both connected to the first moving assembly 2, and the first moving assembly 2 can drive the horizontal distance measuring sensor 11 and the vertical distance measuring sensor 12 to move up and down along the vertical direction; the rotating assembly 4 is connected above the second moving assembly 3, the clamping mechanism 5 is connected above the rotating assembly 4, and the rotating assembly 4 drives the clamping mechanism 5 to rotate together. The second kinematic assembly 3 is able to move in two directions perpendicular to each other on a plane (i.e. the X and Y directions), and the plane of movement of the second kinematic assembly 3 is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the first kinematic assembly 2.
The first motion assembly 2 of the present embodiment includes a column 21 and a first transmission mechanism 22 connected to the column 21, wherein the first transmission mechanism 22 is a ball screw transmission mechanism or a rack-and-pinion transmission mechanism; the horizontal distance measuring sensor 11 and the vertical distance measuring sensor 12 are connected to the first transmission mechanism 22.
The second moving assembly 3 of this embodiment is composed of two X-direction second transmission mechanisms 31 and Y-direction second transmission mechanisms 32 which are connected to each other in a perpendicular manner, so that the moving directions of the two mechanisms are perpendicular to each other, and both the X-direction second transmission mechanisms 31 and the Y-direction second transmission mechanisms 32 are ball screw transmission mechanisms or gear-rack transmission mechanisms. In addition, the second moving unit 3 and the first moving unit 2 are both mounted on one machine base 9.
The fixture 5 of this embodiment is the graduated disk, and rotating assembly 4 is for feeling relieved three-jaw air chuck, and horizontal range finding sensor 11 is laser displacement sensor or the confocal sensor of spectrum, and perpendicular range finding sensor 12 is laser range finding sensor or infrared ray range finding sensor, also can replace perpendicular range finding sensor 12 with the vision camera and realize the differentiation to different specification work pieces.
A mobile control module, a to-be-tested pipe specification type calculation module, a standard thread form matching module, a to-be-tested pipe axis determination module, a to-be-tested pipe thread form calculation module, and a to-be-tested pipe thread form judgment module are integrated in the controller 6, as shown in fig. 2.
The movement control module is used for controlling the movement of the first movement assembly 2, the second movement assembly 3, the rotating assembly 4 and the clamping mechanism 5;
the to-be-tested pipe specification type calculation module is used for determining the specification type of the to-be-tested pipe 8, and the specification type comprises the outer diameter, the inner diameter, the wall thickness and the height of the to-be-tested pipe; specifically, the specification type of the pipe 8 to be measured is calculated according to the calculation idea described in step 1 of embodiment 3.
The standard thread form matching module is used for calling a standard thread form corresponding to the to-be-detected pipe fitting stored in the database according to the specification type of the to-be-detected pipe fitting 8;
the to-be-tested pipe fitting axis determining module is used for calculating the position of the axis of the inner wall of the to-be-tested pipe fitting; specifically, calculation is performed according to the idea described in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2;
the thread profile calculation module of the pipe fitting to be measured is used for calculating thread profiles, namely thread height, thread pitch diameter, thread profile angle and the like according to internal thread data scanned by the horizontal distance measuring sensor 11;
the to-be-tested pipe fitting thread tooth type judging module is used for comparing the thread tooth type obtained by the to-be-tested pipe fitting thread tooth type calculating module with the standard thread tooth type obtained by the standard thread tooth type matching module, if the measured thread tooth type is matched with the standard thread tooth type, the to-be-tested pipe fitting is qualified, otherwise, the to-be-tested pipe fitting is unqualified;
the display 6 is used for displaying the matching result output by the thread tooth type judging module of the pipe fitting to be tested.
The system can be integrated with a numerical control lathe for processing internal threads and the like, the mixed-line detection of the internal threads with multiple specifications is easy to realize, and meanwhile, whether the tool is abraded or not, whether the related parameter setting is reasonable or not and the like are judged in an auxiliary mode.
Example 5
Based on the system of embodiment 4, this embodiment discloses a pipe screening method based on a sensor, and the method adopts the system of embodiment 4, and specifically includes:
1) a spatial rectangular coordinate system is established by the X-direction second transmission mechanism 31(X axis), the Y-direction second transmission mechanism 32(Y axis) and the first transmission mechanism 22(Z axis), wherein the center of the horizontal plane on which the to-be-measured pipe 8 is placed on the clamping mechanism 5 is the origin of coordinates, as shown in fig. 1. Setting the position of the rotating assembly 4 to enable the rotating central shaft to pass through the origin of coordinates, and adjusting the projection point of the light axis emitted by the vertical distance measuring sensor 12 on the horizontal plane to be on the Y-axis straight line of the coordinate system; the distance of the vertical ranging sensor 12 from the horizontal plane (i.e., the rotating assembly 4) is known to be H. Calibrating the positions of the horizontal ranging sensor 11 and the vertical ranging sensor 12 in the space coordinate, and the coordinate position of the horizontal ranging sensor 11 (a1,0, c 1); the coordinate position (0,0, c2) of the vertical distance measuring sensor 12, and the vertical height distance in the Z-axis direction of the horizontal distance measuring sensor 11 and the vertical distance measuring sensor 12 are c2-c 1.
2) After the pipe fitting 8 to be detected is placed into the clamping mechanism 5, the clamping mechanism 5 clamps the pipe fitting 8 to be detected; and pressing a start button of the internal thread detection equipment to start the equipment.
3) The X-direction second transmission mechanism 31 moves to the right (i.e., the right side in fig. 1), and the vertical distance measuring sensor 12 operates, and the vertical distance measuring sensor 12 scans the upper end surface of the pipe 8 to be measured, to determine the specification of the pipe to be measured, i.e., the outer diameter, height, and inner diameter of the workpiece. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
in the process that the X-direction second transmission mechanism 31 moves rightwards, when the vertical distance measuring sensor 12 detects the upper end surface of the pipe fitting 8 to be measured, the X-axis position X is recorded1And the distance h from the vertical ranging sensor 12 to the surface of the workpiece; the X-direction second transmission mechanism 31 continues moving rightwards, and when the detection signal of the vertical distance measuring sensor 12 disappears, the position of the X axis is recorded, namely the position of the X axis is X2(ii) a The X-direction second transmission mechanism 31 continues to move rightwards, and after the vertical distance measuring sensor 12 detects the upper end surface of the pipe fitting 8 to be measured again, the position of the X axis is recorded, namely the position of the X axis is X3(ii) a The X-direction second transmission mechanism 31 continues moving rightwards, and when the detection signal of the vertical distance measuring sensor 12 disappears, the position of the X axis is recorded, namely the position of the X axis is X4. The outer diameter D of the pipe fitting to be measured, namely the diameter of the excircle of the end face of the pipe fitting to be measured is x4-x1The inner diameter d of the pipe fitting to be measured, namely the diameter of the inner circle of the internal thread spigot on the end face of the pipe fitting to be measured is x3-x2And the height of the workpiece is H-H, so that the specification of the pipe fitting to be measured is determined.
4) According to the determined specification of the pipe fitting to be detected, calling relevant parameters corresponding to the specification of the pipe fitting to be detected to obtain a standard thread form corresponding to the pipe fitting to be detected;
5) the second transmission mechanism 31 in the direction X is moved to move the pipe 8 to be measured to be right below the horizontal distance measuring sensor 32, the first transmission mechanism 22 moves downwards to enable the optical axis of the horizontal distance measuring sensor 11 to fall to the spigot of the internal thread of the pipe 8 to be measured. The rotating assembly 4 rotates for a circle, the horizontal distance measuring sensor 11 works at the same time, and the central axis of the internal thread of the pipe fitting 8 to be measured is determined by scanning the horizontal distance measuring sensor 11 for a circle, which is described in step 2 of embodiment 1;
6) the Y-direction second transmission mechanism 32 moves to enable the internal thread axis of the pipe fitting 8 to be measured to be intersected with the optical axis space of the horizontal distance measuring sensor 11; the first transmission mechanism 22 moves downwards, and meanwhile, the horizontal distance measuring sensor 11 works to scan the appearance of the thread teeth on one side of a certain section of the axis of the internal thread; if the internal thread is a conical thread, as shown in fig. 4, the X-direction second transmission mechanism 31 moves rightwards while the first transmission mechanism 22 moves downwards, so as to ensure that the thread surface is within the range of the horizontal distance measuring sensor 11;
7) the rotating component 4 rotates 180 degrees, the first transmission mechanism 22 moves upwards, and meanwhile, the horizontal distance measuring sensor 11 works to scan the appearance of the thread ridge on the other side of the section of the internal thread axis, so that the process of measuring the thread parameters is completed. Similarly, if the female screw is a tapered screw, the X-direction second transmission mechanism 31 moves leftward while the first transmission mechanism 22 moves upward.
8) After multiple times of scanning, a plurality of internal thread data are obtained, and the average value of parameters such as the thread height, the thread pitch, the thread form angle, the taper, the thread diameter, the thread length and the like of the internal thread is calculated and determined. If all measured parameter values are within the range of the upper and lower deviation intervals of the standard internal thread profile parameters obtained in the step 4), the workpiece is qualified; otherwise, the workpiece is unqualified.
The existing laser sensor measuring method is mainly used for measuring the thread with the size of more than M200, while the invention is mainly suitable for measuring the internal thread with the thread pitch diameter value within the range of 30mm to 120mm, and the measurable thread tooth forms include but are not limited to triangular teeth, trapezoidal teeth and buttress teeth (the tooth form angles on two sides of buttress tooth fingers are not equal); meanwhile, the method can be used for measuring the internal thread with the thread pitch diameter value of more than 120mm and can also be used for measuring the external thread.
The detection and screening method and the system can be used for detecting internal threads, high-precision detection of complex inner holes, detection of external threads, detection of the outer diameter size of cylindrical workpieces and the like.
The measuring process of the invention is within the range of the measuring range of each sensor.
In the above description, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be understood broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected or detachably connected or integrated; either a direct connection or an indirect connection, and the like. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present technical solution can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
The respective specific technical features described in the above-described embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction as long as they do not depart from the gist of the present invention, and should also be regarded as being disclosed in the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for detecting the internal thread of the pipe fitting based on the sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, determining the axis position of the outer wall of a pipe fitting to be tested;
step 2, arranging a horizontal distance measuring sensor above the pipe fitting to be measured, wherein the optical axis direction of the horizontal distance measuring sensor is vertical to the axis of the excircle of the pipe fitting to be measured, and adjusting the position between the horizontal distance measuring sensor and the pipe fitting to be measured to enable the optical axis of the horizontal distance measuring sensor to reach the seam allowance of the internal thread of the pipe fitting to be measured;
step 3, the pipe fitting to be measured rotates for a circle around the axis of the outer wall of the pipe fitting to be measured, and the farthest distance a between the horizontal ranging sensor and the circumferential surface of the inner circular thread, the shortest distance b between the horizontal ranging sensor and the circumferential surface of the inner circular thread and the rotation angle alpha of the pipe fitting to be measured relative to the initial position when the pipe fitting to be measured is at the farthest distance are obtained in the rotating process; obtaining the distance delta x along the x-axis direction and the distance delta y along the y-axis direction between the axis of the outer wall of the pipe to be tested and the axis of the inner wall of the pipe to be tested on a plane vertical to the axis of the outer wall of the pipe to be tested according to the formula (1):
wherein α is 0 ° <360 °, n ═ 1,2,3,4, when α is 0 ° <90 °, n ═ 1, when α is 90 ° <180 °, n ≥ 2; when alpha is more than or equal to 180 degrees and less than 270 degrees, n is 3; alpha is more than or equal to 270 degrees and less than 360 degrees, and n is 4;
obtaining the axis position of the inner circle of the pipe fitting to be tested according to the axis position of the outer wall of the pipe fitting to be tested, the delta x and the delta y;
and 4, moving the horizontal distance measuring sensor from one end of the pipe fitting to be measured to the other end of the pipe fitting to be measured along the axial direction of the inner circle of the pipe fitting to be measured, and obtaining the measuring thread form of the pipe fitting to be measured.
2. The sensor-based method for detecting internal threads of a tubular member according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 comprises: the method comprises the steps that a clamping mechanism for clamping the pipe fitting to be tested is arranged, a space coordinate system is established by taking the clamping center of the clamping mechanism as the circle center, and after the clamping mechanism clamps the workpiece to be tested, the axis of the outer wall of the workpiece to be tested passes through the origin of coordinates, so that the position of the axis of the outer wall of the pipe fitting to be tested is determined.
3. The sensor-based method for detecting internal threads of a tubular member according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 comprises: firstly, a horizontal distance measuring sensor is moved downwards from the upper end surface to the lower end surface of the pipe fitting to be measured, and the horizontal distance measuring sensor scans to obtain a thread profile on one side of a certain section of the axis of the inner wall of the pipe fitting to be measured; and then, rotating the pipe fitting to be measured by 180 degrees around the axis of the excircle of the pipe fitting to be measured, moving the horizontal distance measuring sensor upwards from the lower end face to the upper end face of the pipe fitting to be measured, and scanning to obtain the thread profile on the other side of the section.
4. The method for screening the pipe fittings based on the sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining the specification type of a pipe fitting to be tested, wherein the specification type comprises the outer diameter, the inner diameter, the wall thickness and the height of the pipe fitting to be tested;
step 2, determining a standard thread form corresponding to the pipe fitting to be tested according to the specification type of the pipe fitting to be tested;
step 3, obtaining a measured thread form of the pipe fitting to be tested according to the internal thread detection method of claim 1 or 2;
and 4, comparing the measured thread form in the step 3 with the standard thread form in the step 2, wherein if the measured thread form is matched with the standard thread form, the pipe fitting to be measured is qualified, and otherwise, the pipe fitting to be measured is unqualified.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step 1 of determining the specification type of the tubular to be tested specifically comprises: and arranging a vertical distance measuring sensor, driving the vertical distance measuring sensor to move to another point outside the outer wall of the pipe fitting to be measured from one point outside the outer wall of the pipe fitting to be measured along the horizontal direction crossed with the axis of the outer wall of the pipe fitting to be measured, and obtaining the specification type of the pipe fitting to be measured according to the signal change of the vertical distance measuring sensor.
6. The pipe fitting screening system based on the sensor is characterized by comprising a data acquisition module (1) for acquiring the specification type and internal thread data of a pipe fitting to be detected, a first motion assembly (2) for driving the acquisition module (1) to move, a second motion assembly (3) for driving the pipe fitting to be detected (8) to move, a rotating assembly (4) for driving the pipe fitting to be detected (8) to rotate, a clamping mechanism (5) for clamping the pipe fitting to be detected (8), a controller (6) and a display (7);
the data acquisition module (1) comprises a horizontal ranging sensor (11) and a vertical ranging sensor (12);
the controller (6) is internally provided with a mobile control module, a to-be-tested pipe specification type calculation module, a standard thread form matching module, a to-be-tested pipe axis determination module, a to-be-tested pipe thread form calculation module and a to-be-tested pipe thread form judgment module;
the movement control module is used for controlling the first movement assembly (2), the second movement assembly (3), the rotating assembly (4) and the clamping mechanism (5) to move; the to-be-tested pipe specification type calculation module is used for determining the specification type of the to-be-tested pipe (8), and the specification type comprises the outer diameter, the inner diameter, the wall thickness and the height of the to-be-tested pipe (8); the standard thread form matching module is used for calling the standard thread form corresponding to the pipe fitting (8) to be tested, which is stored in the database, according to the specification type of the pipe fitting (8) to be tested; the to-be-tested pipe axis determining module is used for calculating the position of the axis of the inner wall of the to-be-tested pipe (8); the thread profile calculation module of the pipe fitting to be measured is used for calculating the thread profile according to internal thread data scanned by the horizontal distance measurement sensor (11); the thread tooth type judging module of the pipe fitting to be tested is used for comparing the thread tooth type obtained by the thread tooth type calculating module of the pipe fitting to be tested with the standard thread tooth type obtained by the standard thread tooth type matching module, if the measured thread tooth type is matched with the standard thread tooth type, the pipe fitting to be tested is qualified, otherwise, the pipe fitting to be tested is unqualified;
and the display (7) is used for displaying the matching result output by the thread tooth type judging module of the pipe fitting to be tested.
7. The sensor-based pipe screening system of claim 6, wherein the horizontal distance measuring sensor (11) and the vertical distance measuring sensor (12) are both connected to the first moving assembly (2), and the first moving assembly (2) can drive the horizontal distance measuring sensor (11) and the vertical distance measuring sensor (11) to move up and down along the vertical direction; the rotating assembly (4) is connected above the second moving assembly (3), the clamping mechanism (5) is connected above the rotating assembly (4), and the rotating assembly (4) drives the clamping mechanism (5) to rotate; the second motion assembly (3) can move along two directions which are perpendicular to each other on a plane, and the moving plane of the second motion assembly (3) is perpendicular to the moving direction of the first motion assembly (2).
8. The sensor-based tubular screening system of claim 6, wherein the first motion assembly (2) comprises a column (21) and a first transmission mechanism (22) connected to the column (21), the first transmission mechanism (22) being a ball screw transmission mechanism or a rack and pinion transmission mechanism; the horizontal distance measuring sensor (11) and the vertical distance measuring sensor (12) are connected to the first transmission mechanism (22).
9. The sensor-based pipe screening system of claim 6, wherein the second motion assembly (3) is composed of two X-direction second transmission mechanisms (31) and Y-direction second transmission mechanisms (32) which are vertically connected with each other, and the X-direction second transmission mechanisms (31) and the Y-direction second transmission mechanisms (32) are both ball screw transmission mechanisms or gear-rack transmission mechanisms.
10. The sensor-based tubular screening system of claim 6, wherein the gripping mechanism is an indexing disk; the rotating assembly is a self-centering three-jaw pneumatic chuck; the horizontal distance measuring sensor is a laser displacement sensor or a spectrum confocal sensor; the vertical distance measuring sensor is a laser distance measuring sensor or an infrared distance measuring sensor.
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