CN115060212B - Spiral groove measuring method - Google Patents
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- CN115060212B CN115060212B CN202210661317.4A CN202210661317A CN115060212B CN 115060212 B CN115060212 B CN 115060212B CN 202210661317 A CN202210661317 A CN 202210661317A CN 115060212 B CN115060212 B CN 115060212B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/20—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring contours or curvatures, e.g. determining profile
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of workpiece detection, and discloses a spiral groove measuring method. In the spiral groove measuring method, a workpiece is vertically arranged on a three-coordinate measuring instrument, and a poking head faces upwards; manually measuring and establishing a coarse reference coordinate system of the workpiece through a three-coordinate measuring instrument; the three-coordinate measuring instrument automatically measures the workpiece based on the coarse reference coordinate system and establishes a fine reference coordinate system; unifying the precise reference coordinate system with the three-dimensional digital-analog coordinate system; and measuring the spiral groove according to the precise reference coordinate system, so as to realize automatic measurement of the spiral groove. The invention can realize the rapid and accurate measurement of the position degree of all points in the spiral groove and the contour degree of the spiral groove, can realize programming, has high measurement repeatability and result reproducibility, improves the measurement accuracy of the spiral groove, effectively improves the measurement accuracy, and improves the measurement efficiency and the measurement result stability by avoiding error generation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of workpiece detection, in particular to a spiral groove measuring method.
Background
With the development of the domestic automobile industry and the demand of people for automobile driving force, the duty ratio of the four-wheel drive automobile in the domestic automobile is gradually increased, wherein the transfer case is used as a core component for transmitting and distributing power, and the control on the design and manufacturing precision of parts is also very strict. When power transmission and distribution are needed, the driven cam and the driving cam generate relative angular displacement, at the moment, the steel balls in the spiral groove move along the groove, so that the driving cam disc is disconnected or presses the clutch, power transmission is realized, the accuracy of the spiral groove directly influences the timeliness and accuracy of power transmission of the transfer case, but the spiral groove belongs to a space spiral structure, the machining accuracy is high (less than or equal to 0.05 mm), and great difficulty is brought to measurement.
In patent CN201210252322.6, the spiral groove is drawn into a three-dimensional perspective view, the theoretical coordinates of the steel ball contact point of several measuring planes are intercepted by combining CAD software, and then the actual measurement coordinates of the steel ball contact point are measured by using a dial indicator, so that the position accuracy of the point can be calculated according to a formula. The scheme can only measure a limited number of point coordinates, cannot truly reflect the position accuracy and the profile of the spiral groove, cannot realize automation, has low measurement efficiency and accuracy, has high requirements on personnel skills, and is not beneficial to modern production measurement.
Based on this, a spiral groove measurement method is needed to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to provide a spiral groove measuring method, which can realize the rapid and accurate measurement of the position degree of all points in the spiral groove and the contour degree of the spiral groove, can realize programming, has high measurement repeatability and result reproducibility, and improves the measurement precision of the spiral groove.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The utility model provides a spiral groove measuring method for measure the spiral groove on the work piece, work piece one side is provided with plane A, and the opposite side is provided with the spiral groove, and the work piece is annular, and the lateral wall of work piece is provided with the plectrum, and the bilateral symmetry of plectrum is provided with plane B, and plane B is perpendicular to plane A, spiral groove measuring method includes following steps:
s1, vertically installing a workpiece on a measuring table, and enabling a poking head to face upwards;
S2, manually measuring and establishing a coarse reference coordinate system of the workpiece through a three-coordinate measuring instrument;
S3, automatically measuring the workpiece by using the three-coordinate measuring instrument on the basis of the coarse reference coordinate system and establishing a fine reference coordinate system;
s4, unifying the precise reference coordinate system with the three-dimensional digital-analog coordinate system;
S5, measuring the spiral groove.
As a preferable technical solution of the spiral groove measurement method, in step S2, the method includes:
S21, detecting at least three points of the plane A, and constructing a first plane, wherein the normal direction of the first plane is used as a first axial direction;
s22, detecting two planes B, wherein each plane B detects at least three points, a second plane is generated by fitting the two planes B, and the normal direction of the second plane is used as a second axis;
S23, detecting at least three points on the radial outer side wall of the workpiece, projecting the three points onto a first plane, and constructing a first circle through the projected points, wherein the center of the first circle is used as a first origin of a coordinate system;
S24, constructing a coarse reference coordinate system through the first origin, the first axial direction and the second axial direction.
As a preferable embodiment of the spiral groove measuring method, in step S3, the method includes:
s31, detecting at least sixteen points on a circle with the diameter of 100mm in the plane A, and constructing a third plane, wherein the normal direction of the third plane is used as a third axial direction;
s32, detecting two planes B, wherein each plane B detects at least four points, a fourth plane is generated by fitting the two planes B, and the normal direction of the fourth plane is used as a fourth axial direction;
S33, detecting at least thirty-two points on the radial side wall of the workpiece, projecting the thirty-two points onto a third plane, and constructing a second circle through the projected points, wherein the center of the second circle is used as a second origin of the coordinate system;
s34, constructing a coarse reference coordinate system through the second origin, the third axial direction and the fourth axial direction.
As a preferable technical scheme of the spiral groove measuring method, in the step S33, the second circle is constructed at least three times, and the second origin is constructed through the centers of the three second circles.
As a preferable technical scheme of the spiral groove measuring method, in the step S31, the method further comprises detecting the flatness of the third plane, and when the flatness is larger than a preset value, determining that the workpiece is a defective product.
As a preferable technical scheme of the spiral groove measuring method, in the step S3, the detection mode is spot measurement or scanning.
As a preferable embodiment of the spiral groove measuring method, in step S5, the method includes: detecting a plurality of detection points in the spiral groove, wherein the actual coordinates of the detection points are (X, Y, Z), and the theoretical coordinates of the detection points are (X, Y, Z);
By the formula: calculating the position degree of the detection point
As a preferable embodiment of the spiral groove measuring method, in step S5, the method includes:
setting a scanning circulation statement of the probe, scanning and detecting the probe along with the scanning circulation statement to obtain an actual data point cloud of the spiral groove, and comparing the actual data point cloud with a theoretical data point cloud to calculate the profile degree of the spiral groove.
As a preferable technical scheme of the spiral groove measuring method, a scanning circulation sentence is the same as a circulation sentence in spiral groove processing, and the scanning circulation sentence is:
r1＝r+(D2/2-D1/2)×sinθ1；
θ1＝S×10°(S＝-6、-5、-4、-3、-2、-1、0、1、2、3、4、5、6)；
Z＝1.566×t，1≥t≥0；
Wherein r 1 is the distance between the probe and the axis of the workpiece; r is the radius of the center line of the spiral groove; d 1 is the diameter of the probe; d 2 is the diameter of the cross section of the helical groove; θ 1 is the track angle of the probe around the center line of the spiral line; z is the height of the probe in the spiral groove.
As a preferable technical scheme of the spiral groove measuring method, a measuring module of the three-coordinate measuring instrument can move along X, Y, Z three directions, a measuring head of the measuring module is a rotatable probe, and the rotation angle of the probe is calibrated before a workpiece is measured.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention provides a spiral groove measuring method, during measurement, a workpiece is vertically arranged on a three-coordinate measuring instrument, and a shifting head faces upwards; manually measuring and establishing a coarse reference coordinate system of the workpiece through a three-coordinate measuring instrument; the three-coordinate measuring instrument automatically measures the workpiece based on the coarse reference coordinate system and establishes a fine reference coordinate system; unifying the precise reference coordinate system with the three-dimensional digital-analog coordinate system; and measuring the spiral groove according to the precise reference coordinate system, so as to realize automatic measurement of the spiral groove. The invention can realize the rapid and accurate measurement of the position degree of all points in the spiral groove and the contour degree of the spiral groove, can realize programming, has high measurement repeatability and result reproducibility, improves the measurement accuracy of the spiral groove, effectively improves the measurement accuracy, and improves the measurement efficiency and the measurement result stability by avoiding error generation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will briefly explain the drawings needed in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the contents of the embodiments of the present invention and these drawings without inventive effort for those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a spiral groove measurement method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a workpiece provided in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of a workpiece provided in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the coordinate values of the intersection point of the axis and the third plane and the coordinate values of the center of the circle projected from the second circle to the third plane according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a probe according to an embodiment of the present invention positioned in a spiral groove.
The figures are labeled as follows:
1. a workpiece; 11. a poking head; 12. an axis; 13. a spiral groove.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting thereof. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are orientation or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely for distinguishing between descriptions and not for distinguishing between them.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the present embodiment provides a spiral groove measuring method for measuring a spiral groove 13 on a workpiece 1, wherein one side of the workpiece 1 is provided with a plane a, the other side is provided with the spiral groove 13, the workpiece 1 is annular, the side wall of the workpiece 1 is provided with a shift head 11, two sides of the shift head 11 are symmetrically provided with a plane B, and the plane B is perpendicular to the plane a, and the spiral groove measuring method includes the following steps:
S1, vertically installing a workpiece 1 on a measuring table, and enabling a poking head 11 to face upwards;
The workpiece 1 is placed vertically and stably in the middle position of the measuring table, the plane B is perpendicular to the XY plane of the measuring table, and then mounted on the measuring table using a vice or a fixed block.
S2, manually measuring and establishing a coarse reference coordinate system of the workpiece 1 through a three-coordinate measuring instrument;
It should be noted that, the measurement module of the three-coordinate measuring apparatus can move along three directions X, Y, Z, the measuring head of the measurement module is a rotatable probe, and the rotation angle of the probe is calibrated before the workpiece 1 is measured, wherein the probe detection mode is point measurement or scanning.
Because the workpiece 1 is arranged on the table top and has no positioning reference, a coarse reference coordinate system of the workpiece 1 is manually measured and established by a three-coordinate measuring instrument, so that the subsequent automatic measurement of the workpiece 1 is facilitated, and the method comprises the following steps:
S21, detecting at least three points of the plane A, and constructing a first plane, wherein the normal direction of the first plane is used as a first axial direction;
s22, detecting two planes B, wherein each plane B detects at least three points, a second plane is generated by fitting the two planes B, and the normal direction of the second plane is used as a second axis;
s23, detecting at least three points on the radial outer side wall of the workpiece 1, projecting the three points onto a first plane, and constructing a first circle through the projected points, wherein the center of the first circle is used as a first origin of a coordinate system;
S24, constructing a coarse reference coordinate system through the first origin, the first axial direction and the second axial direction.
S3, automatically measuring the workpiece 1 by using the three-coordinate measuring instrument on the basis of a coarse reference coordinate system and establishing a fine reference coordinate system;
Since the workpiece 1 has a coarse reference coordinate system after being mounted on the measuring table, the workpiece 1 can be automatically measured by programming and a fine reference coordinate system can be established; which comprises the following steps:
s31, detecting at least sixteen points on a circle with the diameter of 100mm in the plane A, and constructing a third plane, wherein the normal direction of the third plane is used as a third axial direction;
In step S31, the method further includes detecting the flatness of the third plane, and when the flatness is greater than a preset value, determining that the workpiece 1 is a defective product.
S32, detecting two planes B, wherein each plane B detects at least four points, a fourth plane is generated by fitting the two planes B, and the normal direction of the fourth plane is used as a fourth axial direction;
s33, detecting at least thirty-two points on the radial side wall of the workpiece 1, projecting the thirty-two points onto a third plane, and constructing a second circle through the projected points, wherein the center of the second circle is used as a second origin of the coordinate system;
In other embodiments, coordinates of a plurality of points on the axis 12 of the workpiece 1 are detected, and an intersection point of the axis 12 and the third plane is used as a third origin of the fine reference coordinate system, but the third origin is greatly affected by the shape tolerance of the workpiece 1, and the distance of the axis 12 is short, so the accuracy of the third origin is low. As shown in fig. 4, it can be seen from fig. 4 that the center coordinates of the second circle projected to the third plane are more concentrated, the dispersion is smaller, and the second origin is used as the origin of the precise reference coordinate system.
Preferably, in step S33, the second circle is constructed at least three times, and the second origin is constructed through the centers of the three second circles, so as to improve the selection accuracy of the second origin.
S34, constructing a coarse reference coordinate system through the second origin, the third axial direction and the fourth axial direction.
S4, unifying the precise reference coordinate system with the three-dimensional digital-analog coordinate system; the coordinate conversion is carried out in the process, the established precise reference coordinate system is unified with the coordinate system of the three-dimensional digital-analog, and the subsequent data acquisition and fitting are convenient;
S5, measuring the spiral groove 13.
The measurement of the spiral groove 13 can be performed in two ways, namely, the position degree of the point location in the spiral groove 13 and the profile degree of the spiral groove 13 are measured respectively, and specifically as follows:
Mode one: detecting a plurality of detection points in the spiral groove 13 in a point mode, wherein the actual coordinates of the detection points are (X, Y, Z), and the theoretical coordinates of the detection points are (X, Y, Z);
By the formula: and calculating the position degree phi of the detection point.
Mode two: the scanning mode is that scanning circulation sentences of the probe are set, the probe performs scanning detection along with the scanning circulation sentences to obtain actual data point clouds of the spiral groove 13, and the actual data point clouds are compared with theoretical data point clouds to calculate the profile of the spiral groove 13.
Further, the scan cycle sentence is the same as the cycle sentence during processing of the spiral groove 13, as shown in fig. 5, the design formula of the spiral groove 13 in this embodiment is:
The diameter D 2 = 11.3 of the cross section of the helical groove 13;
Radius r=34.25 of the center line of the spiral groove 13;
the trajectory angle θ=t×60° of the spiral groove 13 around the workpiece axis 12;
Spiral groove 13 track angle z=1.566×t
T is a variable which is the number of times, t is more than or equal to 1 and more than or equal to 0;
the scan cycle sentence is designed according to the design formula of the spiral groove 13,
R 1＝r+L1,r1 is the distance of the probe from the workpiece axis 12; l 1 is the distance of the probe from the center line of the spiral groove 13 in the horizontal direction;
L1=l2×sin θ 1,L2 is the distance of the probe from the center line of the spiral groove 13, and θ 1 is the track angle of the probe around the center line of the spiral line;
L 2＝D2/2-D1/2,D1 is the diameter of the probe;
θ1＝S×10°，S＝-6、-5、-4、-3、-2、-1、0、1、2、3、4、5、6；
from the above formula:
r1＝r+(D2/2-D1/2)×sinθ1
so the scan cycle statement is:
r1＝r+(D2/2-D1/2)×sinθ1；
θ1＝S×10°(S＝-6、-5、-4、-3、-2、-1、0、1、2、3、4、5、6)；
Z=1.566×t, t is a variable, 1. Gtoreq.t.gtoreq.0.
The scanning circulation statement is input into software of the three-coordinate measuring instrument, so that the probe is automatically detected along with the shape of the spiral groove 13, the detection is more accurate, the data is reliable, the measurement accuracy is effectively improved, the measurement efficiency is improved by avoiding error generation, and the measurement result is stable.
Note that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principle applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, while the invention has been described in connection with the above embodiments, the invention is not limited to the embodiments, but may be embodied in many other equivalent forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
Claims (8)
1. The spiral groove measuring method is used for measuring the spiral groove on a workpiece, one side of the workpiece is provided with a plane A, the other side of the workpiece is provided with a spiral groove, the workpiece is annular, the side wall of the workpiece is provided with a poking head, two sides of the poking head are symmetrically provided with a plane B, and the plane B is perpendicular to the plane A, and is characterized in that the spiral groove measuring method comprises the following steps:
s1, vertically installing a workpiece on a measuring table, and enabling a poking head to face upwards;
S2, manually measuring and establishing a coarse reference coordinate system of the workpiece through a three-coordinate measuring instrument;
S21, detecting at least three points of the plane A, and constructing a first plane, wherein the normal direction of the first plane is used as a first axial direction;
s22, detecting two planes B, wherein each plane B detects at least three points, a second plane is generated by fitting the two planes B, and the normal direction of the second plane is used as a second axis;
S23, detecting at least three points on the radial outer side wall of the workpiece, projecting the three points onto a first plane, and constructing a first circle through the projected points, wherein the center of the first circle is used as a first origin of a coordinate system;
s24, constructing a coarse reference coordinate system through a first origin, a first axial direction and a second axial direction;
S3, automatically measuring the workpiece by using the three-coordinate measuring instrument on the basis of the coarse reference coordinate system and establishing a fine reference coordinate system;
s31, detecting at least sixteen points on a circle with the diameter of 100mm in the plane A, and constructing a third plane, wherein the normal direction of the third plane is used as a third axial direction;
s32, detecting two planes B, wherein each plane B detects at least four points, a fourth plane is generated by fitting the two planes B, and the normal direction of the fourth plane is used as a fourth axial direction;
S33, detecting at least thirty-two points on the radial side wall of the workpiece, projecting the thirty-two points onto a third plane, and constructing a second circle through the projected points, wherein the center of the second circle is used as a second origin of the coordinate system;
s34, constructing a coarse reference coordinate system through a second origin, a third axial direction and a fourth axial direction;
s4, unifying the precise reference coordinate system with the three-dimensional digital-analog coordinate system;
S5, measuring the spiral groove.
2. The spiral groove measuring method of claim 1, wherein in the step S33, the second circle is constructed at least three times, and the second origin is constructed through centers of the three second circles.
3. The spiral groove measuring method of claim 1, further comprising detecting a flatness of the third plane, and determining that the workpiece is a defective product when the flatness is greater than a preset value in step S31.
4. The spiral groove measuring method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the detection mode is spot measurement or scanning.
5. The spiral groove measuring method of claim 1, wherein in step S5, comprising: detecting a plurality of detection points in the spiral groove, wherein the actual coordinates of the detection points are (X, Y, Z), and the theoretical coordinates of the detection points are (X, Y, Z);
By the formula: calculating the position degree of the detection point
6. The spiral groove measuring method of claim 1, wherein in step S5, comprising:
setting a scanning circulation statement of the probe, scanning and detecting the probe along with the scanning circulation statement to obtain an actual data point cloud of the spiral groove, and comparing the actual data point cloud with a theoretical data point cloud to calculate the profile degree of the spiral groove.
7. The spiral groove measuring method of claim 6, wherein the scan cycle sentence is the same as a cycle sentence in spiral groove processing, and the scan cycle sentence is:
r1＝r+(D2/2-D1/2)×sinθ1；
θ1＝S×10°(S＝-6、-5、-4、-3、-2、-1、0、1、2、3、4、5、6)；
Z=1.566×t, t is a variable, 1 is greater than or equal to t is greater than or equal to 0;
Wherein r 1 is the distance between the probe and the axis of the workpiece; r is the radius of the center line of the spiral groove; d 1 is the diameter of the probe; d 2 is the diameter of the cross section of the helical groove; θ 1 is the track angle of the probe around the center line of the spiral line; z is the height of the probe in the spiral groove.
8. The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the measuring module of the three-coordinate measuring machine is capable of moving in three directions X, Y, Z, the measuring head of the measuring module is a rotatable probe, and the rotation angle of the probe is calibrated before measuring the workpiece.
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| CN106289017A (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2017-01-04 | 江苏今创交通设备有限公司 | The revolving body helicla flute anglec of rotation and helical pitch measurer |
| CN109443268A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-08 | 金马工业集团股份有限公司 | The bounce of inside spin raceway and timing measuring device |
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