CN112869946A - Underslung active noise reduction earmuff - Google Patents
Underslung active noise reduction earmuff Download PDFInfo
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- CN112869946A CN112869946A CN202110309807.3A CN202110309807A CN112869946A CN 112869946 A CN112869946 A CN 112869946A CN 202110309807 A CN202110309807 A CN 202110309807A CN 112869946 A CN112869946 A CN 112869946A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F11/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the ears or hearing sense; Non-electric hearing aids; Methods or devices for enabling ear patients to achieve auditory perception through physiological senses other than hearing sense; Protective devices for the ears, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F11/06—Protective devices for the ears
- A61F11/14—Protective devices for the ears external, e.g. earcaps or earmuffs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
- G10K11/1781—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions
- G10K11/17821—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the input signals only
- G10K11/17823—Reference signals, e.g. ambient acoustic environment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
- G10K11/1781—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions
- G10K11/17821—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the input signals only
- G10K11/17825—Error signals
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of railway vehicles, and provides an underslung active noise reduction earmuff and a railway vehicle cockpit which actively reduces noise by adopting the mode. The invention aims to solve the problem of noise reduction of low-frequency noise in the cockpit of a railway vehicle such as a subway. The invention discloses a underslung active noise reduction earmuff which comprises an active noise reduction system, an electric lifting mechanism, a fixed shell and a translation mechanism. The signal processor in the active noise reduction system is used for receiving the environmental noise signal and the feedback correction signal transmitted by the sensor, and controlling the loudspeaker to emit noise sound waves with the same frequency and amplitude but opposite phases, so that the noise transmitted to the ears of passengers is suppressed. On this basis, the ear muff of making an uproar falls in underslung initiative of design, control electric lift mechanism and translation mechanism and adjust the ear muff to driver's head position and start the initiative noise reduction system when having the demand of making an uproar to reduce the noise in the subway vehicle cockpit, in order to improve driving comfort.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of railway vehicles, and provides a suspension type active noise reduction earmuff and a railway vehicle cockpit which actively reduces noise in such a way.
Background
In recent years, the construction of rail vehicles such as subways and the like in China is rapidly developed, and various problems are gradually shown while the number of the rail vehicles is increased, wherein the problem of noise pollution is more prominent, particularly noise inside and outside a high-speed train. The high-speed train has high speed and high noise, and brings serious influence to the riding comfort of a driver and passengers, particularly, when the driver works in a high-noise environment for a long time, the hearing of the driver is damaged by different degrees, and more serious people influence the normal physiological functions of heart, brain, nerves and the like, thereby influencing the driving safety. In addition, noise of rail vehicles such as subways mainly comprises traction noise, wheel-rail noise, aerodynamic noise and the like, the noise frequency is mainly low and medium frequency, and the traditional passive noise reduction cannot meet the noise reduction requirement.
Based on the current situation, how to effectively reduce noise for the cab of the rail vehicle such as the subway becomes an urgent problem to be solved in the field. In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an underslung active noise reduction earmuff and a railway vehicle cab for active noise reduction by adopting the same, wherein the underslung active noise reduction earmuff mainly comprises an earmuff (1), an active noise reduction system (2), an electric lifting mechanism (3), a fixed shell (4) and a translation mechanism (5): the active noise reduction system (2) comprises a signal processor (2-1), a reference sensor, an error sensor (2-2) and a loudspeaker (2-3), wherein the signal processor (2-1) is fixedly arranged on a fixed shell (4), the reference sensor is arranged in a cab, and the error sensor (2-2) and the loudspeaker (2-3) are symmetrically arranged in a groove at the side part of the earmuff (1) close to the ear; the earmuffs (1) are connected with sliding rails (3-8) of the electric lifting mechanism (3) through hinge balls (1-4); the electric lifting mechanism (3) is arranged in the fixed shell (4) according to the position of the ear muffs (1); the fixed shell (4) is positioned above the driver seat/passenger cabin seat, is arranged on a sliding block of the translation mechanism (5), and can do horizontal linear motion along with the sliding block.
The ear muffs (1) are characterized in that telescopic frame clamping grooves (1-1) are formed in the left side and the right side of the ear muffs (1) and used for installing telescopic frames (3-6) to achieve up-and-down movement of the ear muffs (1); two grooves are formed in the positions, close to the ear sides, of the side wings of the earmuffs (1) and used for installing error sensors (2-2) and loudspeakers (2-3) in the active noise reduction system (2). Particularly, the slide rails (3-8) of the electric lifting mechanism (3) are connected with the earmuffs (1) through the hinge balls (1-4), so that the free rotation of the earmuffs (1) is realized, the active noise reduction effect is improved, and the working convenience of a driver is ensured.
The active noise reduction system (2) is characterized in that the active noise reduction system (2) comprises a signal processor (2-1), a reference sensor, an error sensor (2-2) and a loudspeaker (2-3). The number of the reference sensors is four, and the reference sensors are arranged on 1 cockpit/cabin roof, 1 cockpit/cabin floor and 1 of the left side and the right side of the cockpit (which are all arranged near a cockpit door and window); the error sensor (2-2) and the loudspeaker (2-3) are arranged in a groove at the position close to the ear side of the side wing of the earmuff (1), and a protective cover (1-2) is arranged on the surface of the groove to prevent the error sensor (2-2) and the loudspeaker (2-3) from being damaged; the signal processor (2-1) is fixedly arranged in the fixed shell (4). The four reference sensors in the cockpit/passenger cabin are used for acquiring noise in the cockpit/passenger cabin in real time, the signal processor (2-1) receives noise signals acquired by the reference sensors and processes the signals, the signal processor (2-1) generates anti-phase sound waves for offsetting the noise and controls the loudspeaker (2-3) to emit the anti-phase sound waves for offsetting the noise; the error sensor (2-2) collects noise near the human ear and feeds the noise back to the signal processor (2-1) to correct the inverse sound wave signal in real time, so that noise cancellation is realized.
The electric lifting mechanism (3) is characterized by comprising a motor (3-1), a steel wire rope reel (3-2), a steel wire rope (3-3), a guide wheel (3-4), a pulley (3-5), an expansion bracket (3-6), a sliding block (3-7), a sliding rail (3-8), a sliding groove (3-9), a motor fixing frame (3-10) and a winding wheel shaft bearing seat (3-11). The output shaft of the motor (3-1) is connected with the axle of the steel wire rope reel (3-2) through a coupler, and the motor (3-1) drives the steel wire rope reel (3-2) to rotate; two wire grooves are formed in the steel wire rope reel (3-2) and used for winding the two steel wire ropes (3-3). One end of the steel wire rope (3-3) is fixed in a wire groove of the steel wire rope reel (3-2), the other end of the steel wire rope (3-3) is connected to the sliding rail (3-8) in a guiding mode through the guide wheel (3-4), the sliding rail (3-8) is connected into a clamping groove (1-1) of the expansion bracket through the hinge ball (1-4), the steel wire rope (3-3) bears main traction force in the movement process of the earmuff (1), and the hinge ball (1-4) can achieve free rotation of the earmuff (1). In particular, the winding directions of the two side wire ropes (3-3) in the wire grooves of the wire rope reel (3-2) are opposite, so that the ear cups (1) connected with the two wire ropes (3-3) can move upwards or downwards simultaneously when the wire rope reel (3-2) rotates towards one side. In addition, in order to ensure the stability of the ear muff (1) when the ear muff is in a standing state, a motor with a self-locking device is selected, such as a direct current permanent magnet band brake motor. The two guide wheels (3-4) are symmetrically arranged in the fixed shell (4), and the axle axes of the guide wheels are not superposed with the vertical central line of the sliding grooves (3-9).
The sliding grooves (3-9) are respectively positioned at two sides of the fixed shell (4), each side comprises two sections of sliding grooves (3-9), and the pulleys (3-5) are loaded from the position with the larger section of the sliding grooves (3-9) and can freely roll in the sliding grooves (3-9). In particular, the length of each short runner (3-9) should be greater than the 1/2 maximum stretch distance of one set of telescopic frames (3-6) in view of the sliding range of the chain ends. In addition, in order to improve the stability of the telescopic frame (3-6) in the movement process, two sections of chains are arranged between the sliding chutes (3-9) on the two sides of the fixed shell (4), one ends of the two sections of chains are fixed on the central axes of the sliding chutes (3-9) on the two sides, and the other ends of the two sections of chains are fixedly connected with the uppermost chains of the telescopic frame (3-6). The lower end of the expansion bracket (3-6) extends into the ear muff clamping groove (1-1) and is installed on the sliding rail (3-8), two pulleys (3-5) on two sides are close to or far away from the sliding groove (3-9) simultaneously, and the vertical position of the ear muff (1) is adjusted through the extension or contraction of the expansion bracket (3-6).
The fixed casing (4) is characterized in that a motor (3-1) and a motor fixing frame (3-10) are sleeved by bolts in the fixed casing (4), the motor fixing frame (3-10) is fixed on the upper wall of the fixed casing (4) by bolts, the steel wire rope reel (3-2) is supported on a winding wheel shaft bearing seat (3-11) through a bearing, and the winding wheel shaft bearing seat (3-11) is fixed on the upper wall of the fixed casing (4) by bolts; the guide wheels (3-4) are arranged on a wheel shaft, and the wheel shaft is fixedly welded on a wheel shaft bracket on the side wall of the fixed shell (4); the pulleys (3-5) are connected with the upper ends of the telescopic frames (3-6) and can freely roll in the chutes (3-9), so that the telescopic frames (3-6) can extend and contract, and the function of bearing the gravity of the telescopic frames (3-6) and part of the earmuffs (1) is achieved to a certain extent; in addition, the steel wire ropes (3-3) are matched with the telescopic frames (3-6) to realize stable downward suspension and lifting of the earmuffs (1).
The translation mechanism (5) is characterized in that the translation mechanism (5) comprises a driving track (5-1) and two driven tracks (5-2) which are fixed on a vehicle cockpit/cabin roof (6). The driving track (5-1) adopts a screw-nut structure, a nut sliding block (5-3) is driven by a motor to move, the nut sliding block (5-3) is not only a nut of the screw-nut mechanism, but also an assembly matrix of the electric lifting mechanism (3), and the electric lifting mechanism (3) is fixedly connected with the nut sliding block (5-3) through a fixed shell (4); the driven tracks (5-2) are all linear guide rail mechanisms and are not provided with driving devices. The translation mechanism (5) operates in the following manner: the motor drives the screw rod to rotate, the nut sliding block (5-3) axially moves along the driving track (5-1), and therefore the fixed shell (4) is driven to linearly move along the driven track (5-2), and the ear muffs (1) are guaranteed to be symmetrical with respect to the positions of the two ears of a driver all the time. In addition, the sliding blocks on the translation mechanism (5) are connected with the fixed shell (4) by bolts; and the motor on the driving track (5-1) also adopts a motor with a self-locking device, such as a direct-current permanent magnet motor with a brake, so that the stability of the earmuffs (1) during standing is ensured.
In addition, the invention also provides a railway vehicle cockpit, which is the railway vehicle cockpit in any one of the above technical schemes, and the railway vehicle cockpit comprises the active noise reduction system in any one of the above technical schemes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the active noise reduction system (2) adopted by the underslung active noise reduction earmuff has better medium and low frequency characteristics, and can more effectively solve the noise reduction problem of the cockpit of a railway vehicle such as a subway and the like; the active noise reduction earmuffs (1) are simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost, convenient and reliable to use, free of change in the structure of a cockpit and free of occupying driving space; the active noise reduction earmuff (1) can be automatically suspended or retracted according to the noise reduction requirement of a driver/passenger, so that the working and riding environment with subjective needs can be provided for the driver/passenger, and the riding comfort of a train is improved. In addition, the fixed shell (4) is fixedly connected with a sliding block of the translation mechanism (5) and can horizontally and linearly move along a driven track (5-2) along with the sliding block; and the electric lifting mechanism (3) and the earmuffs (1) are connected through the hinge balls (1-4), so that the earmuffs (1) can rotate freely, the relative positions of the earmuffs (1) and the ears of drivers/passengers are adjusted, the active noise reduction efficiency is improved, and the requirements of different drivers/passengers are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an underslung active noise reduction earmuff according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an earmuff and a partial active noise reduction system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the hinge ball according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural view of the present invention within a stationary housing;
fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a connection structure of the electric lift mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the construction of the guide wheel according to the present invention;
fig. 7 shows a bottom view of the translation mechanism of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals include: 1. an ear shield, 1-1, an expansion bracket clamping groove, 1-2, a protective cover, 1-3, a protective cover, 1-4, a hinge ball, 2, an active noise reduction system, 2-1, a signal processor, 2-2, an error sensor, 2-3, a loudspeaker, 3, an electric lifting mechanism, 3-1, a motor, 3-2, a steel wire rope reel, 3-3, a steel wire rope, 3-4, a guide wheel, 3-5, a pulley, 3-6, an expansion bracket, 3-7, a sliding block, 3-8, a sliding rail, 3-9, a sliding groove, 3-10, a motor fixing frame, 3-11, a winding wheel shaft bearing seat, 4, a fixing shell, 5, a translation mechanism, 5-1, an active rail, 5-2, a driven rail and 5-3, a nut sliding block, 6. vehicle cockpit/cabin roof.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following detailed description is only used for explaining the basic technical principle of the present invention, and does not limit the protection scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make corresponding modifications according to the actual situation.
Further, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms indicating relative positional relationships such as "inside", "upper", "lower", and the like are based on the relative positional relationships in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
referring to fig. 1 to 2, in order to solve the noise reduction problem of the railway vehicle cockpit such as a subway proposed in the background art, the invention provides an underslung active noise reduction earmuff and a railway vehicle cockpit which actively reduces noise by adopting the method. The underslung active noise reduction earmuff mainly comprises an earmuff (1), an active noise reduction system (2), an electric lifting mechanism (3), a fixed shell (4) and a translation mechanism (5): the active noise reduction system (2) comprises a signal processor (2-1), a reference sensor, an error sensor (2-2) and a loudspeaker (2-3), wherein the signal processor (2-1) is fixedly arranged on a fixed shell (4), the reference sensor is arranged in a cab, and the error sensor (2-2) and the loudspeaker (2-3) are symmetrically arranged in a groove at the side part of the earmuff (1) close to the ear; the earmuffs (1) are connected with sliding rails (3-8) of the electric lifting mechanism (3) through hinge balls (1-4); the electric lifting mechanism (3) is arranged in the fixed shell (4) according to the position of the ear muffs (1); the fixed shell (4) is positioned above the driver seat/passenger cabin seat, is arranged on a sliding block of the translation mechanism (5), and can do horizontal linear motion along with the sliding block.
Referring to fig. 2, telescopic frame clamping grooves (1-1) are formed in the left side and the right side of the earmuffs (1) and used for installing telescopic frames (3-6) to achieve up-and-down movement of the earmuffs (1); two grooves are formed in the positions, close to the ear sides, of the side wings of the earmuffs (1) and used for installing error sensors (2-2) and loudspeakers (2-3) in the active noise reduction system (2). Particularly, the slide rails (3-8) of the electric lifting mechanism (3) are connected with the earmuffs (1) through the hinge balls (1-4), so that the free rotation of the earmuffs (1) is realized, the active noise reduction effect is improved, and the working convenience of a driver is ensured.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the active noise reduction system (2) includes a signal processor (2-1), a reference sensor, an error sensor (2-2), and a speaker (2-3). The number of the reference sensors is four, and the reference sensors are arranged on 1 cockpit/cabin roof, 1 cockpit/cabin floor and 1 of the left side and the right side of the cockpit (which are all arranged near a cockpit door and window); the error sensor (2-2) and the loudspeaker (2-3) are arranged in a groove at the position close to the ear side of the side wing of the earmuff (1), and a protective cover (1-2) is arranged on the surface of the groove to prevent the error sensor (2-2) and the loudspeaker (2-3) from being damaged; the signal processor (2-1) is fixedly arranged in the fixed shell (4). The four reference sensors in the cockpit/passenger cabin are used for acquiring noise in the cockpit/passenger cabin in real time, the signal processor (2-1) receives noise signals acquired by the reference sensors and processes the signals, the signal processor (2-1) generates anti-phase sound waves for offsetting the noise and controls the loudspeaker (2-3) to emit the anti-phase sound waves for offsetting the noise; the error sensor (2-2) collects noise near the human ear and feeds the noise back to the signal processor (2-1) to correct the inverse sound wave signal in real time, so that noise cancellation is realized.
Referring to fig. 4 to 6, the electric lifting mechanism (3) comprises a motor (3-1), a steel wire reel (3-2), a steel wire (3-3), a guide wheel (3-4), a pulley (3-5), an expansion bracket (3-6), a slider (3-7), a slide rail (3-8), a chute (3-9), a motor fixing frame (3-10) and a winding wheel shaft bearing seat (3-11). The output shaft of the motor (3-1) is connected with the axle of the steel wire rope reel (3-2) through a coupler, and the motor (3-1) drives the steel wire rope reel (3-2) to rotate; two wire grooves are formed in the steel wire rope reel (3-2) and used for winding the two steel wire ropes (3-3). One end of the steel wire rope (3-3) is fixed in a wire groove of the steel wire rope reel (3-2), the other end of the steel wire rope (3-3) is connected to the sliding rail (3-8) in a guiding mode through the guide wheel (3-4), the sliding rail (3-8) is connected into a clamping groove (1-1) of the expansion bracket through the hinge ball (1-4), the steel wire rope (3-3) bears main traction force in the movement process of the earmuff (1), and the hinge ball (1-4) can achieve free rotation of the earmuff (1). In particular, the winding directions of the two side wire ropes (3-3) in the wire grooves of the wire rope reel (3-2) are opposite, so that the ear cups (1) connected with the two wire ropes (3-3) can move upwards or downwards simultaneously when the wire rope reel (3-2) rotates towards one side. In addition, in order to ensure the stability of the ear muff (1) when the ear muff is in a standing state, a motor with a self-locking device is selected, such as a direct current permanent magnet band brake motor. The two guide wheels (3-4) are symmetrically arranged in the fixed shell (4), and the axle axes of the guide wheels are not superposed with the vertical central line of the sliding grooves (3-9).
The sliding grooves (3-9) are respectively positioned at two sides of the fixed shell (4), each side comprises two sections of sliding grooves (3-9), and the pulleys (3-5) are loaded from the position with the larger section of the sliding grooves (3-9) and can freely roll in the sliding grooves (3-9). In particular, the length of each short runner (3-9) should be greater than the 1/2 maximum stretch distance of one set of telescopic frames (3-6) in view of the sliding range of the chain ends. In addition, in order to improve the stability of the telescopic frame (3-6) in the movement process, two sections of chains are arranged between the sliding chutes (3-9) on the two sides of the fixed shell (4), one ends of the two sections of chains are fixed on the central axes of the sliding chutes (3-9) on the two sides, and the other ends of the two sections of chains are fixedly connected with the uppermost chains of the telescopic frame (3-6). The lower end of the expansion bracket (3-6) extends into the ear muff clamping groove (1-1) and is installed on the sliding rail (3-8), two pulleys (3-5) on two sides are close to or far away from the sliding groove (3-9) simultaneously, and the vertical position of the ear muff (1) is adjusted through the extension or contraction of the expansion bracket (3-6).
Referring to fig. 4, in the fixed housing (4), the motor (3-1) and the motor fixing frame (3-10) are sleeved by bolts, the motor fixing frame (3-10) is fixed on the upper wall of the fixed housing (4) by bolts, the steel wire rope reel (3-2) is supported on the winding wheel shaft bearing block (3-11) through a bearing, and the winding wheel shaft bearing block (3-11) is fixed on the upper wall of the fixed housing (4) by bolts; the guide wheels (3-4) are arranged on a wheel shaft, and the wheel shaft is fixedly welded on a wheel shaft bracket on the side wall of the fixed shell (4); the pulleys (3-5) are connected with the upper ends of the telescopic frames (3-6) and can freely roll in the chutes (3-9), so that the telescopic frames (3-6) can extend and contract, and the function of bearing the gravity of the telescopic frames (3-6) and part of the earmuffs (1) is achieved to a certain extent; in addition, the steel wire ropes (3-3) are matched with the telescopic frames (3-6) to realize stable downward suspension and lifting of the earmuffs (1).
Referring to fig. 1 and 7, the translation mechanism (5) includes a driving rail (5-1) and two driven rails (5-2), both of which are fixed on the top (6) of the vehicle cockpit/cabin. The driving track (5-1) adopts a screw-nut structure, a nut sliding block (5-3) is driven by a motor to move, the nut sliding block (5-3) is not only a nut of the screw-nut mechanism, but also an assembly matrix of the electric lifting mechanism (3), and the electric lifting mechanism (3) is fixedly connected with the nut sliding block (5-3) through a fixed shell (4); the driven tracks (5-2) are all linear guide rail mechanisms and are not provided with driving devices. The translation mechanism (5) operates in the following manner: the motor drives the screw rod to rotate, the nut sliding block (5-3) axially moves along the driving track (5-1), and therefore the fixed shell (4) is driven to linearly move along the driven track (5-2), and the ear muffs (1) are guaranteed to be symmetrical with respect to the positions of the two ears of a driver all the time. In addition, the sliding blocks on the translation mechanism (5) are connected with the fixed shell (4) by bolts; and the motor on the driving track (5-1) also adopts a motor with a self-locking device, such as a direct-current permanent magnet motor with a brake, so that the stability of the earmuffs (1) during standing is ensured.
The underslung active noise reduction earmuff is hidden at the top of a subway cockpit when no noise reduction requirement exists, and an electric lifting mechanism and a translation mechanism are controlled to move the earmuff to the positions of two ears of a driver when the noise reduction requirement exists, so that the noise in the subway vehicle cockpit is reduced, and the driving comfort is improved, and the method mainly comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: one driving track (5-1) and two driven tracks (5-2) of the translation mechanism (5) are fixed on the top (6) of a vehicle cockpit/passenger cabin. The nut sliding block (5-3) on the driving track (5-1) is not only a nut of the screw-nut mechanism, but also an assembly base body of the electric lifting mechanism (3), and the electric lifting mechanism (3) is fixedly connected with the nut sliding block (5-3) through the fixed shell (4). When the front and rear positions of the earmuffs (1) need to be adjusted, the motor drives the screw rod to rotate, the nut sliding block (5-3) axially moves along the driving track (5-1), and therefore the fixed shell (4) is driven to linearly move along the driven track (5-2). An electric lifting mechanism (3) and an active noise reduction signal processor (2-1) are arranged in the fixed shell (4); the electric lifting mechanism (3) controls the lifting of the earmuffs (1), the signal processor (2-1) receives noise signals collected by the reference sensor, sound wave signals with opposite phases for offsetting noises are generated, the loudspeaker (2-3) is controlled to emit reverse sound waves, the error sensor (2-2) collects the noises near the ears of a person and feeds the noises back to the signal processor (2-1) to correct the opposite sound wave signals in real time, and therefore noise offsetting is achieved.
Step two: when a driver/passenger needs to reduce noise, a control button is started, a motor (3-1) drives a steel wire rope reel (3-2) to rotate in the forward direction, the upper end of the steel wire rope (3-3) is wound on the steel wire rope reel (3-2), the lower end of the steel wire rope reel pulls an earmuff (1), the steel wire rope (3-3) is discharged from the reel under the forward rotation action of the reel, the steel wire rope (3-3) is guided by a guide wheel (3-4) to drive the earmuff (1) to descend, meanwhile, due to the traction of the steel wire rope (3-3) on the earmuff (1), two pulleys (3-5) at the upper ends of two telescopic frames (3-6) are close to each other and slide in sliding grooves (3-9) at the same time, sliders (3-7) at the lower ends of the two telescopic frames (3-6) fixed in clamping grooves (1-1, the expansion brackets (3-6) are expanded and drive the ear muffs (1) to stably descend until the head position of the driver is reached.
At the moment, if a driver/passenger feels that the relative position of the earmuffs (1) is close to the front or the back at the moment, another control button is started, a motor on the driving track (5-1) drives a screw rod to rotate, and the nut sliding block (5-3) axially moves along the driving track (5-1), so that the fixed shell (4) is controlled to linearly move along the driven track (5-2), and the earmuffs (1) are adjusted to the optimal noise reduction position. Particularly, the electric lifting mechanism (3) is connected with the ear muffs (1) through the hinge balls (1-4), the ear muffs (1) can be manually rotated when a driver/passenger needs the electric lifting mechanism, and the relative angle between the ear muffs (1) and the ears is adjusted, so that the optimal noise reduction effect and the optimal comfortable position of the driver/passenger are achieved.
Step three: a reference sensor in the cabin collects noise signals in the cabin, a signal processor (2-1) in a fixed shell (4) receives the collected noise signals and processes the signals to generate anti-phase sound waves for offsetting noise and control loudspeakers (2-3) at two sides beside ears of an ear muff (1) to emit, an error sensor (2-2) collects the noise signals near the ears of a driver/passenger, and the noise signal is transmitted to the signal processor (2-1), the signal processor (2-1) receives the noise signal transmitted by the error sensor (2-2) and updates the reverse sound wave for canceling the noise in real time according to the noise signal, the loudspeaker (2-3) receives the reverse sound wave signal again and outputs the sound wave for canceling the noise signal, the operation is repeated circularly, the noise beside the ears of the driver/passengers is continuously reduced, and the driving/riding comfort of the driver/passengers is improved.
Step four: when a driver/passenger does not need to reduce noise, a control button is started, a motor (3-1) drives a steel wire rope reel (3-2) to rotate reversely, the upper end of the steel wire rope (3-3) is wound on the steel wire rope reel (3-2), the lower end of the steel wire rope (3-3) pulls an earmuff (1), the steel wire rope (3-3) is wound on the steel wire rope reel (3-2) under the reverse rotation action, the steel wire rope (3-3) is guided by a guide wheel (3-4) to drive the earmuff (1) to ascend, meanwhile, due to the traction of the steel wire rope (3-3) on the earmuff (1), two pulleys (3-5) at the upper ends of two telescopic frames (3-6) deviate from each other and slide in sliding grooves (3-9) at the same time, and sliders (3-7) at the lower ends of the two telescopic frames (3-6 Deviating from the sliding, the expansion brackets (3-6) contract and drive the ear muffs (1) to stably rise until the whole mechanism is hidden to the top (6) of the cockpit/cabin.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the principle of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can modify the above-mentioned structure so that the present invention can be applied to more specific application scenarios without departing from the principle of the present invention.
For example, in an alternative embodiment, the number of reference sensors need not be four, and may be more or less, so long as the noise signature within the cockpit/cabin environment can be reliably tested, without departing from the principles of the present invention, and thus, are within the scope of the present invention.
For example, in another alternative embodiment, the reference sensor does not need to be disposed on the top of the cockpit/cabin, the floor of the cockpit/cabin, and the left and right side walls of the cockpit (both installed near the side wall doors and windows), as long as the noise signal in the cockpit/cabin environment can be reliably tested, without departing from the principle of the present invention, and therefore, the reference sensor will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
For example, in another alternative embodiment, the connection mode of the upper end of the telescopic frame and the fixed housing may be changed from a hinged connection mode by using one pulley, and the other pulley still moves freely in the sliding groove, as long as the connection mode can realize the telescopic motion of the telescopic frame stably, which does not depart from the principle of the invention, and therefore, the invention falls into the protection scope of the invention.
For example, in another alternative embodiment, the motor may be selected from a common motor and a worm gear reducer, as long as the motor has driving and self-locking functions, without departing from the principle of the present invention, and therefore, the motor is within the protection scope of the present invention.
For example, in another alternative embodiment, the translation mechanism may be a rack and pinion mechanism, as long as the translation mechanism can drive the fixed housing to move linearly, without departing from the principle of the present invention, and therefore, the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the invention also provides a railway vehicle cockpit, which is the railway vehicle cockpit of any one of the above embodiments and is provided with the active noise reduction system in any one of the above embodiments.
So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent changes or substitutions of related technical features can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention, and the technical scheme after the changes or substitutions can fall into the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. An underslung active noise reduction earmuff, characterized in that the underslung active noise reduction earmuff is used in a railway vehicle cockpit/passenger cabin; the underslung active noise reduction earmuff mainly comprises an earmuff (1), an active noise reduction system (2), an electric lifting mechanism (3), a fixed shell (4) and a translation mechanism (5): the active noise reduction system (2) comprises a signal processor (2-1), a reference sensor, an error sensor (2-2) and a loudspeaker (2-3), wherein the signal processor (2-1) is fixedly arranged on a fixed shell (4), the reference sensor is arranged in a cab, and the error sensor (2-2) and the loudspeaker (2-3) are symmetrically arranged in a groove at the side part of the earmuff (1) close to the ear; the earmuffs (1) are connected with sliding rails (3-8) of the electric lifting mechanism (3) through hinge balls (1-4); the electric lifting mechanism (3) is arranged in the fixed shell (4) according to the position of the ear muffs (1); the fixed shell (4) is positioned above the driver seat/passenger cabin seat, is arranged on a sliding block of the translation mechanism (5), and can do horizontal linear motion along with the sliding block;
telescopic frame clamping grooves (1-1) are formed in the left side and the right side of the earmuffs (1) and used for installing telescopic frames (3-6) to achieve up-and-down movement of the earmuffs (1); two grooves are formed in the positions, close to the sides of the ears, of the side wings of the earmuffs (1) and used for installing error sensors (2-2) and loudspeakers (2-3) in the active noise reduction system (2); particularly, the slide rails (3-8) of the electric lifting mechanism (3) are connected with the ear muffs (1) through hinge balls (1-4), so that the free rotation of the ear muffs (1) is realized, the active noise reduction effect is improved, and the working convenience of a driver is ensured;
the active noise reduction system (2) comprises a signal processor (2-1), a reference sensor, an error sensor (2-2) and a loudspeaker (2-3); the number of the reference sensors is four, and the reference sensors are arranged on 1 cockpit/cabin roof, 1 cockpit/cabin floor and 1 of the left side and the right side of the cockpit (which are all arranged near a cockpit door and window); the error sensor (2-2) and the loudspeaker (2-3) are arranged in a groove at the position close to the ear side of the side wing of the earmuff (1), and a protective cover (1-2) is arranged on the surface of the groove to prevent the error sensor (2-2) and the loudspeaker (2-3) from being damaged; the signal processor (2-1) is fixedly arranged in the fixed shell (4); the four reference sensors in the cockpit/passenger cabin are used for acquiring noise in the cockpit/passenger cabin in real time, the signal processor (2-1) receives noise signals acquired by the reference sensors and processes the signals, the signal processor (2-1) generates anti-phase sound waves for offsetting the noise and controls the loudspeaker (2-3) to emit the anti-phase sound waves for offsetting the noise; the error sensor (2-2) collects noise near the human ear and feeds the noise back to the signal processor (2-1) to correct the inverse sound wave signal in real time, so that noise cancellation is realized.
2. The underslung active noise reduction earmuff according to claim 1, wherein the electric lifting mechanism (3) comprises a motor (3-1), a wire rope reel (3-2), a wire rope (3-3), a guide wheel (3-4), a pulley (3-5), an expansion bracket (3-6), a slide block (3-7), a slide rail (3-8), a slide groove (3-9), a motor fixing bracket (3-10) and a winding wheel shaft bearing seat (3-11); the output shaft of the motor (3-1) is connected with the axle of the steel wire rope reel (3-2) through a coupler, and the motor (3-1) drives the steel wire rope reel (3-2) to rotate; two wire grooves are formed in the steel wire rope reel (3-2) and are used for winding the two steel wire ropes (3-3); one end of the steel wire rope (3-3) is fixed in a wire groove of the steel wire rope reel (3-2), the other end of the steel wire rope (3-3) is connected to the sliding rail (3-8) in a guiding mode through the guide wheel (3-4), the sliding rail (3-8) is connected into a clamping groove (1-1) of the expansion bracket through the hinge ball (1-4), the steel wire rope (3-3) bears main traction force in the movement process of the earmuff (1), and the hinge ball (1-4) can achieve free rotation of the earmuff (1); particularly, the winding directions of the steel wire ropes (3-3) on two sides in the wire grooves of the steel wire rope reel (3-2) are opposite, so that the earmuffs (1) connected with the two steel wire ropes (3-3) can move upwards or downwards simultaneously when the steel wire rope reel (3-2) rotates towards one side; in addition, in order to ensure the stability of the ear muff (1) when in standing, a motor with a self-locking device is selected, such as a direct current permanent magnetic tape brake motor; the two guide wheels (3-4) are symmetrically arranged in the fixed shell (4), and the axle axes of the guide wheels are not superposed with the vertical central line of the sliding grooves (3-9); the sliding chutes (3-9) are respectively positioned at two sides of the fixed shell (4), each side comprises two sliding chutes (3-9), and the pulleys (3-5) are loaded from the position with the larger cross section of the sliding chutes (3-9) and can freely roll in the sliding chutes (3-9); in particular, the length of each short runner (3-9) should be greater than the 1/2 maximum stretch distance of one set of telescopic frames (3-6) in view of the sliding range of the chain end; in addition, in order to improve the stability of the telescopic frame (3-6) in the movement process, two sections of chains are arranged between the sliding chutes (3-9) on the two sides of the fixed shell (4), one ends of the two sections of chains are fixed on the central axes of the sliding chutes (3-9) on the two sides, and the other ends of the two sections of chains are fixedly connected with the uppermost chains of the telescopic frame (3-6); the lower end of the expansion bracket (3-6) extends into the ear muff clamping groove (1-1) and is installed on the sliding rail (3-8), two pulleys (3-5) on two sides are close to or far away from the sliding groove (3-9) simultaneously, and the vertical position of the ear muff (1) is adjusted through the extension or contraction of the expansion bracket (3-6);
in the fixed shell (4), a motor (3-1) and a motor fixing frame (3-10) are sleeved by bolts, the motor fixing frame (3-10) is fixed on the upper wall of the fixed shell (4) by bolts, the steel wire rope reel (3-2) is supported on a winding wheel shaft bearing seat (3-11) through a bearing, and the winding wheel shaft bearing seat (3-11) is fixed on the upper wall of the fixed shell (4) by bolts; the guide wheels (3-4) are arranged on a wheel shaft, and the wheel shaft is fixedly welded on a wheel shaft bracket on the side wall of the fixed shell (4); the pulleys (3-5) are connected with the upper ends of the telescopic frames (3-6) and can freely roll in the chutes (3-9), so that the telescopic frames (3-6) can extend and contract, and the function of bearing the gravity of the telescopic frames (3-6) and part of the earmuffs (1) is achieved to a certain extent; in addition, the steel wire ropes (3-3) and the telescopic frames (3-6) are matched with each other, so that the earmuffs (1) are stably suspended and lifted;
the translation mechanism (5) comprises a driving track (5-1) and two driven tracks (5-2), and the driving track and the two driven tracks are fixed on the top (6) of a vehicle cockpit/passenger cabin; the driving track (5-1) adopts a screw-nut structure, a nut sliding block (5-3) is driven by a motor to move, the nut sliding block (5-3) is not only a nut of the screw-nut mechanism, but also an assembly matrix of the electric lifting mechanism (3), and the electric lifting mechanism (3) is fixedly connected with the nut sliding block (5-3) through a fixed shell (4); the driven tracks (5-2) are all linear guide rail mechanisms and are not provided with driving devices; the translation mechanism (5) operates in the following manner: the motor drives the screw rod to rotate, the nut sliding block (5-3) axially moves along the driving track (5-1), and therefore the fixed shell (4) is driven to linearly move along the driven track (5-2), and the ear muffs (1) are guaranteed to be symmetrical with respect to the positions of the two ears of a driver all the time; in addition, the sliding blocks on the translation mechanism (5) are connected with the fixed shell (4) by bolts; and the motor on the driving track (5-1) also adopts a motor with a self-locking device, such as a direct-current permanent magnet motor with a brake, so that the stability of the earmuffs (1) during standing is ensured.
3. A rail vehicle cockpit, characterized in that it is a rail vehicle cockpit according to any one of claims 1 and 2 and that it comprises an active noise reduction system for a rail vehicle cockpit according to any one of claims 1 and 2.
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| CN112869946B (en) | 2024-09-03 |
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