CN112868524A - Method for rapidly breeding high-quality burley tobacco variety by using fresh leaves and single leaf weight - Google Patents

Method for rapidly breeding high-quality burley tobacco variety by using fresh leaves and single leaf weight Download PDF

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CN112868524A
CN112868524A CN202110043598.2A CN202110043598A CN112868524A CN 112868524 A CN112868524 A CN 112868524A CN 202110043598 A CN202110043598 A CN 202110043598A CN 112868524 A CN112868524 A CN 112868524A
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burley tobacco
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CN112868524B (en
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黄文昌
吴成林
王毅
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Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for rapidly breeding a high-quality burley tobacco variety by utilizing single leaf weight of fresh leaves. The method overcomes the defects of extensive property, blindness, large body quantity and poor accuracy of the conventional breeding of high-quality tobacco varieties, can relatively accurately, quickly and efficiently select the burley tobacco variety (line) with better smoking quality and meeting the requirement of a high-quality breeding target, and ensures that the tobacco leaf smoking quality grade of the screened high-quality burley tobacco variety is on the middle.

Description

Method for rapidly breeding high-quality burley tobacco variety by using fresh leaves and single leaf weight
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of burley tobacco cultivation and planting, and particularly relates to a method for quickly breeding a high-quality burley tobacco variety by utilizing the single leaf weight of fresh leaves.
Background
Tobacco has a large planting area in China and is one of the main economic crops in China. Tobacco leaves are raw materials for producing cigarette products in the tobacco industry, the quality of the tobacco leaves determines the value of the tobacco leaves, and the variety is the basis of high-quality tobacco leaves. When the quality of the variety is evaluated, the physical characteristics of the tobacco leaves are important factors, and the weight of a single leaf of the tobacco leaves is taken as one of important indexes of the physical characteristics of the tobacco leaves and is closely related to appearance quality, chemical components, sensory evaluation and the like. When the traditional tobacco breeding method is used for breeding high-quality and high-yield tobacco varieties, the quality of tobacco leaves can be evaluated only after the tobacco leaves are modulated, and whether the selected varieties (lines) are high-quality or not can not be judged in the field in time, so that great blindness exists in variety (line) screening, the workload of the whole breeding process is large, the accuracy is low, and the breeding efficiency is low.
The published literature of Chaihei et al, "comparison of tissue structures of different varieties of Burley tobacco lamina" (tobacco science and technology/cultivation and modulation, 2004(12), 33-35) discloses that the differences of tissue structures of different varieties of Burley tobacco lamina are researched by slice microscopic observation method, and the obtained conclusion is that the thickness of lamina, palisade tissue and sponge tissue of most tobacco is increased along with the rise of lamina position, and the thickness of upper epidermis of lower lamina is slightly thicker than that of upper and middle lamina. It can be seen that the leaves at different parts have different tissue structures, the fence tissue thickness, the tissue ratio, the fence tissue thickness/leaf thickness and the upper skin thickness are key factors for measuring the quality of the leaf tissue structures, the higher the value is, the more the light energy is utilized, the more the leaf content is accumulated, and the better the tobacco leaf quality is.
The published literature of Schoman et al, "variations between leaf positions and leaf points of the nicotine conversion rates of different types of burley tobacco transformants" (Chinese tobacco science, 2009, (10), 28-32) discloses that the nicotine conversion rates of different leaf positions and leaf points of burley tobacco plants with different nicotine conversion capacities are determined by adopting a gas chromatography, and the final result shows that the distribution of the nicotine conversion rates of different leaf positions of non-transformants and high-transformants and different leaf points of the same leaf is consistent and the variability is small; the nicotine conversion rate of each sample of the non-transformed plant is below 2 percent, and the nicotine conversion rate of the high-transformed plant is above 85 percent; the chimeric characteristic of nicotine conversion is not shown, and the sampling part has no obvious influence on the identification effect of the converted strain. The low-conversion and medium-conversion tobacco plants have larger variability in nicotine conversion rate between tobacco leaves at different leaf positions and different leaf points, and show obvious chimeric characteristics. Since the nicotine conversion rate of a part of leaves and leaf points is lower than 3% of the current identification standard of the transformant, the sampling part has influence on the identification effect of the transformant, and the reduction of the identification standard of the transformant is necessary.
The results of research on the change rule of the chemical component content of the leaves at different leaf positions of Hubei tobacco No. 1 in the published literature of the Huangwenchang et al, "the chemical component change rule of the leaves at different leaf positions of Baiyan tobacco" (crop research, 2013(27)6, 554-557) show that the content change fluctuation of Cl and P is small and the Cl change is minimum along with the change of the leaf positions in the inorganic nonmetal elements of the leaves at different leaf positions, and the content change of the two elements has no correlation with the leaf positions. In the inorganic metal elements of the leaves at different leaf positions, the change degree of Zn is maximum, and the content changes of K, Mn, Ca and Mg are small. Zn is obviously related to leaf positions, and K, Mn, Ca and Mg are all obviously related to the leaf positions. Among the contents of organic components in leaves at different leaf positions, the content of nicotine is changed most, and the content of total N and total sugar is changed to a small extent. Nicotine is highly significantly correlated with the leaf site, and total N and total sugar are not correlated with the leaf site.
The above documents simply measure the differences of tissue structure and chemical composition of leaves of different parts of tobacco plants, and do not provide a method for identifying and screening high-quality burley tobacco varieties from a plurality of plants.
Among the existing tobacco screening methods, chinese patent application CN108633731A provides a method for screening or identifying high-quality burley tobacco varieties using net photosynthetic rate values, which is to select the burley tobacco varieties to be identified first, and plant these varieties to be identified and control varieties according to tobacco cultivation regulations; when the tobacco plant reaches the bud stage, selecting a variety to be identified and a control variety which have ideal plant type and long phase and do not have disease, and measuring the net photosynthetic rate value of the middle leaves of the tobacco plant on a sunny day; and obtaining the average value of the total net photosynthetic rate values of the variety to be identified and the control variety, and comparing the average values to obtain the high-quality burley tobacco variety.
For example, the method for identifying and distinguishing the specificity, consistency and stability of the burley tobacco variety, which is provided by the Chinese granted patent CN104897849B, is to determine the test characteristics of the burley tobacco variety on the basis of the existing identification of the burley tobacco variety, select a standard variety, establish a characteristic grading standard, screen an approximate variety, design a field test, plant the test variety, the standard variety and the approximate variety together, if the test variety has obvious and consistent differences with the approximate variety in at least 1 quality characteristic or quantity characteristic, or at least two quantity characteristics and the approximate variety are in different grades, the test variety has specificity, if the variation degree of the whole population in the test is less than 5 percent, the test variety has consistency, and if the variation degree in the continuous 2-3 times of tests has no obvious change, the test variety has stability.
However, in the above conventional high-quality burley tobacco discrimination method, the kinds of discrimination indexes are many and the operation is complicated. Relatively good quality burley tobacco varieties cannot be screened from numerous plants relatively quickly.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for rapidly breeding a high-quality burley tobacco variety by using fresh leaves and single leaf weight, the method accurately, rapidly and efficiently selects a burley tobacco variety (line) with better smoking quality, and screens out the burley tobacco variety meeting the high-quality breeding target requirement, and the grade of the tobacco smoking quality of the high-quality burley tobacco variety screened by the method is on the middle. Specifically, the following technique is used.
The method for rapidly breeding the high-quality burley tobacco variety by using the single leaf weight of fresh leaves comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a plurality of burley tobacco varieties to be screened, and planting the burley tobacco varieties to be screened and the control burley tobacco varieties according to a unified tobacco cultivation regulation under the same growth condition; the control burley tobacco variety is a burley tobacco variety widely planted in a planting field;
s2, when the tobacco plants reach the mature period, randomly selecting plants which have the same number of plants and are consistent in field growth vigor and have no disease from each burley tobacco variety to be screened and the burley tobacco variety to be contrasted, respectively collecting leaves from the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the plants, cleaning and removing impurities on the surfaces of the leaves, placing the plants in an oven at 105 ℃ by adopting a national standard drying method (GB 5009.3-2016), and weighing the leaves after 4 hours to be constant in weight;
the average weight of the leaves at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of each burley tobacco variety to be screened is recorded as m1 to、m1 in、m1 is underThree leaves at the upper part, the middle part and the lower partThe average total weight of the leaves of a bit is m1 ping；
The average weight of the leaf blades at the upper, middle and lower three leaf positions of each of the control burley tobacco varieties is recorded as m0 is on、m0 in、m0 is lowerThe average total weight of the blades at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part is m0 is flat；
S3, satisfying m at the same time1 to＜m0 is on，m1 in＞m0 in，m1 is under＜m0 is lower，m1 ping＞m0 is flatThe method comprises the step of screening high-quality burley tobacco varieties from the burley tobacco varieties to be screened.
The method for rapidly breeding the high-quality burley tobacco variety is realized by comparing the alternative burley tobacco variety with the contrasted burley tobacco variety and taking the weight of the leaves at different leaf positions of the plant as an evaluation index according to a specific evaluation mode. The cleaning and drying in the step S2 are performed to remove dust, dirt, and mosquitoes remaining on the blade, so as to avoid errors, and the drying after cleaning is performed based on the fact that the cleaning water on the surface of the blade is just removed, so as to avoid the weighing accuracy from being affected excessively or insufficiently. M in step S21 toSelecting the leaves at the upper leaf positions of a plurality of randomly selected burley tobacco plants to be screened, weighing, and then taking an average value, namely the average weight m of the leaves at the upper leaf positions of the burley tobacco plants to be screened of the variety1 in、m1 is underAnd m0 is on、m0 in、m0 is lowerIn the same way, the average weight of the upper, middle and lower leaves of the burley tobacco plant to be screened and the average weight of the upper, middle and lower leaves of the control plant are respectively obtained. m is1 ping＝(m1 to+m1 in+m1 in) (iii)/3, mean weight of the upper, middle and lower leaves of a certain variety of Burley tobacco plants to be screened, m0 is flatThe same is true. According to the above method, m is satisfied simultaneously1 to＜m0 is on，m1 in＞m0 in，m1 is under＜m0 is lower，m1 ping＞m0 is flatThe selected burley tobacco plants are all good quality burley tobacco varieties. Nothing in the prior art has been disclosed by anyoneThe method fills the blank of the industry related to the technical field of burley tobacco plant breeding by utilizing the technology for screening high-quality burley tobacco varieties by the method. The method overcomes the defects of extensive property, blindness, large body quantity, poor accuracy and the like of the existing breeding of high-quality tobacco varieties, and can relatively accurately select the burley tobacco variety (line) with better smoking quality; the method can quickly and efficiently screen the new burley tobacco variety meeting the high-quality breeding target requirements, and the tobacco leaf quality grade of the high-quality burley tobacco variety screened by the method is above the middle level.
Preferably, in step S1, the number of plants of the burley tobacco variety to be screened and the control burley tobacco variety is not less than 60.
Preferably, in step S2, the upper leaf is the leaf between 15 th and 17 th from bottom to top of the plant, the middle leaf is the leaf between 9 th and 11 th from bottom to top of the plant, and the lower leaf is the leaf between 3 rd and 5 th from bottom to top of the plant.
Preferably, in step S2, the method for collecting the leaves at the upper, middle and lower leaf positions of the plant specifically includes taking 3-8 burley tobacco varieties to be screened and control burley tobacco varieties which have consistent growth vigor and do not have diseases in the field, respectively taking 1 leaf from the same leaf position at the upper, middle and lower parts of each plant, and respectively and correspondingly obtaining 3-8 leaves at the upper, middle and lower leaf positions of the burley tobacco varieties to be screened and the control burley tobacco varieties. Generally speaking, the more the number of plants, the more accurate the screening result, but the more the number, the delay of the screening time, generally speaking, 3-8 plants can basically meet the experimental requirements, and the screened plants can be ensured to be all good plant varieties.
More preferably, in step S2, 5 strains of each of the burley tobacco variety to be screened and the control burley tobacco variety are selected.
Preferably, in step S3, m1 toIs m0 is on0.95-0.99 times of (m)1 inIs m0 in1.01-1.10 times of (m)1 is underIs m0 is lower0.95-0.99 times of (m)1 pingIs m0 is flat1.001-1.010 times of the total weight of the composition.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the method can relatively accurately, quickly and efficiently select the burley tobacco variety (line) with better smoking quality and meeting the requirement of a high-quality breeding target, and the tobacco leaf smoking quality grade of the screened high-quality burley tobacco variety is on the middle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the B209 Burley tobacco variety, which has been screened by the method of example 1, in which the upper and lower 3 leaves have not been dried to constant weight;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the YB1 burley tobacco variety screened by the method of example 1, wherein the upper and lower 3 leaves are not dried to constant weight.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In this embodiment, 7 burley tobacco varieties to be screened are selected, and the varieties with good quality are screened from the selected varieties, and the screening method comprises:
s1, preparing 7 burley tobacco varieties with stable genetic characters and to be screened, wherein the varieties have the code numbers of B2017, DB2, B209, YBS1, YB1, B6 and B5, and selecting a control variety of Hubei tobacco No. 1, wherein the Hubei tobacco No. 1 is a burley tobacco variety generally planted in a certain place. Planting 7 parts of the burley tobacco variety to be screened and a reference variety Hubei tobacco No. 1 according to tobacco cultivation rules (YC/T338-;
s2, when the tobacco plant reaches the mature period, namely all leaves of the tobacco plant begin to be yellow green and have mature spots and the like, and the harvest condition standard is reached (YC/T338-; the upper leaf position of the plant refers to the 15 th to 17 th leaves from bottom to top, the middle leaf position refers to the 9 th to 11 th leaves from bottom to top, and the lower leaf position refers to the 3 rd to 5 th leaves from bottom to top.
The average weight of the leaves at the upper, middle and lower leaf positions of 5 plants of each burley tobacco variety to be screened is recorded as m1 to、m1 in、m1 is underThe average total weight of the blades at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part is m1 ping；
The average weight of the leaf blades at the upper, middle and lower three leaf positions of each of the control burley tobacco varieties is recorded as m0 is on、m0 in、m0 is lowerThe average total weight of the blades at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part is m0 is flat；
Leaf weighing data for 7 burley tobacco varieties to be screened and the control variety are shown in tables 1-8 below.
Table 1 leaf weight, in units, of three leaf positions of burley tobacco variety B2017 to be screened: g
Figure BDA0002896285610000051
Table 2 leaf weight in units for three leaf positions of burley tobacco variety DB2 to be screened: g
Figure BDA0002896285610000052
Table 3 leaf weight in units for three leaf positions of burley tobacco variety B209 to be screened: g
Figure BDA0002896285610000053
Figure BDA0002896285610000061
Table 4 leaf weight, in units, of three leaf positions of burley tobacco variety YBS1 to be screened: g
Figure BDA0002896285610000062
Table 5 leaf weight, in units, of three leaf positions of burley tobacco variety YB1 to be screened: g
Figure BDA0002896285610000063
Table 6 leaf weight in units for three leaf positions of burley tobacco variety B6 to be screened: g
Figure BDA0002896285610000064
Table 7 leaf weight in units for three leaf positions of burley tobacco variety B5 to be screened: g
Figure BDA0002896285610000065
Table 8 leaf weights, in units, for three leaf positions of a control burley tobacco variety hubei No. 1: g
Figure BDA0002896285610000066
Figure BDA0002896285610000071
S3, satisfying m at the same time1 to＜m0 is on，m1 in＞m0 in，m1 is under＜m0 is lower，m1 ping＞m0 is flatThe method can know that the average single leaf weight of the lower leaves is sequenced into YBS1 > B2017 > E-Niyan No. 1 > B209 > DB2 > YB1 > B6 > B5, namely the burley tobaccos which meet the requirements are DB2, YB1, B209, B5 and B6;
the average single leaf weight of the middle leaves is ranked as B2017 > YBS1 > DB2 > YB1 > B209 > B6 > Eryan No. 1 > B5, namely the burley tobacco varieties meeting the requirements are B2017, YBS1, DB2, YB1, B209 and B6;
the average single leaf weight of the upper leaves is sequenced to B2017 > DB2 > E-Ning No. 1 > B209 > YB1 > YBS1 > B5 > B6, namely the burley tobacco varieties meeting the requirements are B209, YB1, YBS1, B5 and B6;
the average total weight of the three leaves is B2017 > YBS1 > DB2 > YB1 > B209 > E-Ning No. 1 > B6 > B5, namely the qualified burley tobacco varieties are B2017, YBS1, DB2, YB1 and B209.
Therefore, the screened burley tobacco varieties which simultaneously meet the requirements are YB1 and B209, namely the high-quality burley tobacco varieties screened by the embodiment. The leaves at the three leaf positions of 3 upper, middle and lower of the burley tobaccos of YB1 and B209 are respectively shown in the attached figures 1 and 2. It is evident from the figure that the lobes in the middle lobe position are significantly largest, followed by the lobes in the upper lobe position and the smallest in the lower lobe position.
Comparative example 1
In this comparative example, the 7 varieties of burley tobacco to be screened in example 1 were also screened from the same side to obtain high-quality varieties. The screening method was the same as that of example 1 in steps S1 and S2, except that step S3 deleted the requirement of m1 ping＞m0 is flatThe screening conditions of (1) are specifically:
s3, satisfying m at the same time1 to＜m0 is on，m1 in＞m0 in，m1 is under＜m0 is lowerThe method of (1) shows that burley tobacco having the average single leaf weight of the lower leaves meeting the requirementThe varieties are DB2, YB1, B209, B5 and B6; the burley tobacco varieties with the average single leaf weight of the middle leaves meeting the requirements are B2017, YBS1, DB2, YB1, B209 and B6; the burley tobacco varieties with the average single leaf weight of the upper leaves meeting the requirements are B209, YB1, YBS1, B5 and B6.
Therefore, according to the method of comparative example 2, the burley tobacco varieties to be screened which simultaneously meet the requirements are B6, YB1 and B209, namely the high-quality burley tobacco varieties screened in the embodiment.
Comparative example 2
In this comparative example, the 7 varieties of burley tobacco to be screened in example 1 were also screened from the same side to obtain high-quality varieties. The screening method was the same as that of example 1 in steps S1 and S2, except that step S3 deleted the requirement of m1 is under＜m0 is lowerThe screening conditions of (1) are specifically:
s3, satisfying m at the same time1 to＜m0 is on，m1 in＞m0 in，m1 ping＞m0 is flatThe method shows that the burley tobacco varieties with the average single leaf weight of the middle leaves meeting the requirements are B2017, YBS1, DB2, YB1, B209 and B6; the burley tobacco varieties with the average single leaf weight of the upper leaves meeting the requirements are B209, YB1, YBS1, B5 and B6; the burley tobacco varieties with the average total weight of the leaves at the three leaf positions meeting the requirements are B2017, YBS1, DB2, YB1 and B209.
Therefore, according to the method of comparative example 2, the burley tobacco varieties to be screened which simultaneously meet the requirements are YBS1, YB1 and B209, namely the high-quality burley tobacco varieties screened in the embodiment.
Comparative example 3
In this comparative example, the 7 varieties of burley tobacco to be screened in example 1 were also screened from the same side to obtain high-quality varieties. The screening method was the same as that of example 1 in steps S1 and S2, except that step S3 deleted the requirement of m1 to＜m0 is onThe screening conditions of (1) are specifically:
s3, satisfying m at the same time1 in＞m0 in，m1 is under＜m0 is lower，m1 ping＞m0 is flatBy the method of (1), middle partThe burley tobacco varieties with the average single leaf weight of the leaves meeting the requirements are B2017, YBS1, DB2, YB1, B209 and B6; the burley tobacco varieties with the average single leaf weight of the lower leaves meeting the requirements are DB2, YB1, B209, B5 and B6; the burley tobacco varieties with the average total weight of the leaves at the three leaf positions meeting the requirements are B2017, YBS1, DB2, YB1 and B209.
Therefore, according to the method of comparative example 2, the burley tobacco varieties to be screened which simultaneously meet the requirements are DB2, YB1 and B209, namely the high-quality burley tobacco varieties screened in the embodiment.
Comparative example 4
In this comparative example, the 7 varieties of burley tobacco to be screened in example 1 were also screened from the same side to obtain high-quality varieties. The screening method was the same as that of example 1 in steps S1 and S2, except that step S3 deleted the requirement of m1 to＜m0 is onAnd m1 is under＜m0 is lowerThe screening conditions of (1) are specifically:
s3, satisfying m at the same time1 in＞m0 in，m1 ping＞m0 is flatThe method shows that the burley tobacco varieties with the average single leaf weight of the middle leaves meeting the requirements are B2017, YBS1, DB2, YB1, B209 and B6; the burley tobacco varieties with the average total weight of the leaves at the three leaf positions meeting the requirements are B2017, YBS1, DB2, YB1 and B209.
Therefore, according to the method of comparative example 2, the burley tobacco varieties to be screened which simultaneously meet the requirements are B2017, YBS1, DB2, YB1 and B209, namely the high-quality burley tobacco varieties screened in the embodiment.
Application example
According to the screening of the embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 1 to 4, the screened burley tobacco varieties are cultivated again under the same environment according to the YC/T338-2010 burley tobacco cultivation technical specification, air-curing is carried out according to the burley tobacco air-curing technical specification (YC/T193-2005), and after air-curing is finished, mixed samples of tobacco leaves at all parts are taken for evaluation and smoking.
The results of the quality evaluation according to the technical center for tobacco in Hubei are shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1 Burley tobacco leaf smoking results
Figure BDA0002896285610000091
As can be seen from the above table 1, the B209 and YB1 types have obvious degrees, sufficient fragrance, medium concentration, strong miscellaneous gas, moderate strength, strong irritation, comfortable aftertaste, strong combustibility, grey gray, and the quality grade of smoking evaluation is on the middle, the quality is better than that of a control variety, and the cigarette belongs to a high-quality variety of burley tobacco. The other burley tobacco products have the same style degree, the fragrance amount is certain, the concentration is medium, the miscellaneous gas is slightly heavy or strong, the strength is medium, the irritation is certain, the aftertaste is still comfortable or slightly bitter, the combustibility is strong, the gray is grey, the smoking quality grade is medium, and the quality is slightly inferior to or equivalent to that of a control variety.
Only the dry leaf weight of the fresh leaves according to example 1 corresponds to m as a result of the comparison analysis of the sensory evaluation quality with the single leaf weight1 to＜m0 is on，m1 in＞m0 in，m1 is under＜m0 is lower，m1 ping＞m0 is flatThe method screens B209 and YB1, and the sensory quality of the test sample is better than that of a reference variety. Whereas according to comparative examples 1 to 4 the incomplete coincidence m1 to＜m0 is on，m1 in＞m0 in，m1 is under＜m0 is lower，m1 ping＞m0 is flatIn addition to B209 and YB1, other varieties with slightly inferior quality or not superior quality to the reference variety are screened out. It can be seen that m is satisfied only in accordance with example 11 to＜m0 is on，m1 in＞m0 in，m1 is under＜m0 is lower，m1 ping＞m0 is flatThe method can accurately and quickly ensure that the screened burley tobacco varieties are all high-quality varieties, and the screened burley tobacco varieties cannot be 100 percent guaranteed to be the high-quality varieties without adopting the method of the embodiment 1.

Claims (6)

1. The method for rapidly breeding the high-quality burley tobacco variety by using the single leaf weight of fresh leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, selecting a plurality of burley tobacco varieties to be screened, and planting the burley tobacco varieties to be screened and the control burley tobacco varieties according to a unified tobacco cultivation regulation under the same growth condition; the control burley tobacco variety is a burley tobacco variety widely planted in a planting field;
s2, when the tobacco plants reach the mature period, randomly selecting plants which have the same number of plants and are consistent in field growth and have no disease from each burley tobacco variety to be screened and the burley tobacco variety to be contrasted, respectively collecting leaves from the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the plants, cleaning and removing surface impurities, and drying for 4 hours at 105 ℃ until the weight of the leaves is constant;
the average weight of the leaves at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of each burley tobacco variety to be screened is recorded as m1 to、m1 in、m1 is underThe average total weight of the blades at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part is m1 ping；
The average weight of the leaf blades at the upper, middle and lower three leaf positions of each of the control burley tobacco varieties is recorded as m0 is on、m0 in、m0 is lowerThe average total weight of the blades at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part is m0 is flat；
S3, satisfying m at the same time1 to＜m0 is on，m1 in＞m0 in，m1 is under＜m0 is lower，m1 ping＞m0 is flatThe method comprises the step of screening high-quality burley tobacco varieties from the burley tobacco varieties to be screened.
2. The method for rapidly breeding the high-quality burley tobacco variety by using the fresh leaf single leaf weight as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the number of the plants of the burley tobacco variety to be screened and the control burley tobacco variety is not less than 60.
3. The method for rapidly breeding the high-quality burley tobacco variety by using the fresh leaves and the single leaf weight as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the leaves at the upper leaf position are the 15 th to 17 th leaves from the bottom to the top of the plant, the leaves at the middle leaf position are the 9 th to 11 th leaves from the bottom to the top of the plant, and the leaves at the lower leaf position are the 3 rd to 5 th leaves from the bottom to the top of the plant.
4. The method for rapidly breeding the high-quality burley tobacco variety by using the single leaf weight of the fresh leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the collection method of the leaves at the upper, middle and lower leaf positions of the plant is characterized in that 3-8 burley tobacco varieties to be screened and control burley tobacco varieties which have consistent growth vigor and do not have diseases in the field are taken, 1 leaf is taken from the same leaf position at the upper, middle and lower parts of each plant, and 3-8 leaves at the upper, middle and lower leaf positions of the burley tobacco variety to be screened and the control burley tobacco variety are correspondingly obtained respectively.
5. The method for rapidly breeding the high-quality burley tobacco variety by using the single leaf weight of the fresh leaves as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step S2, 5 burley tobacco varieties to be screened and 5 burley tobacco varieties to be contrasted are respectively selected.
6. The method for rapidly breeding the high-quality burley tobacco variety by using the fresh leaves and the single leaf weight as the claim 1, wherein in the step S3, m is1 toIs m0 is on0.95-0.99 times of (m)1 inIs m0 in1.01-1.10 times of (m)1 is underIs m0 is lower0.95-0.99 times of (m)1 pingIs m0 is flat1.001-1.010 times of the total weight of the composition.
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