CN112865523A - Digital current hysteresis tracking control method of BUCK converter - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
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Abstract
The invention discloses a digital current hysteresis tracking control method of a BUCK converter, which comprises the following steps: the measuring and sampling module samples to obtain a current value of a filter inductor of the BUCK converter; calculating error currente i；Logic flag signal for generating error current zero crossing point by adopting zero crossing comparatorS i Timing the zero crossings of its adjacent error currents; calculating the hysteresis upper/lower threshold of the current switching period; namely, a timer value of a timer 1 is utilized to calculate an upper threshold value of a hysteresis loop of a current switching period; calculating a hysteresis lower threshold value of the current switching period by utilizing a timing value of the timer 2; and (4) comparing the error current obtained in the step (2) and the step (5) with the hysteresis loop upper/lower threshold value in real time to generate a PWM control signal. By adopting the control method, the unstable switching frequency can not be caused by the conditions of input voltage change, load change and the like, and the working stability of the whole system is improved; the digital algorithm is simple and easy to realize; the method can be applied to a voltage control mode, and is favorable for further popularization and application by combining the characteristics of the control mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power electronics, and particularly relates to a digital current hysteresis tracking control method of a BUCK converter.
Background
The PWM converter based on the current tracking control has a very wide application range, such as an active power filter, a motor drive, a grid-connected inverter, a high-performance power converter, and the like. The quality of the current controller determines the performance of the overall control system. According to the research reports of scholars at home and abroad, the research on the current controller mainly comprises two aspects: (1) a linear PI controller; (2) a hysteresis controller. The linear PI current controller can keep the switching frequency of the system fixed; however, in order to balance system stability and rapidity, the parameters of the linear PI current controller must be strictly designed, which results in slow system dynamic response. The hysteresis current controller has the characteristics of simple realization, unconditional stability, high current tracking precision, quick dynamic response, no steady-state error, strong robustness and the like, and is applied to a plurality of occasions. However, one of the major drawbacks of the conventional hysteretic current controller using a fixed loop width is that the switching frequency is not fixed, which makes the design of the output side filter of the power converter difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to provide a digital current hysteresis tracking control method of a BUCK converter, and by adopting the control method, the switching frequency is not unstable due to the conditions of input voltage change, load change and the like; the digital algorithm is simple and easy to realize; can be applied to a voltage control mode. The characteristics of the control mode are combined, and the method is favorable for further popularization and application.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for tracking and controlling a digitized current hysteresis loop of a BUCK converter, comprising:
s1: measuring a current value, and sampling by a sampling module to obtain a current value of a filter inductor of the BUCK converter;
s2: calculating the error current ei；
S3: logic flag signal S for generating error current zero crossing point by adopting zero crossing comparatori，
S4: timing its adjacent zero crossing of the over-error current, i.e. at SiDuring high level, using timingThe device 1 times the zero crossing point of the adjacent over-error current; at SiIn the low level period, a timer 2 is used for timing the zero crossing point of the adjacent over-error current;
s5: calculating the upper/lower threshold of the hysteresis loop of the current switching period; namely, a timer value of a timer 1 is utilized to calculate an upper threshold value of a hysteresis loop of a current switching period; calculating a hysteresis lower threshold value of the current switching period by utilizing a timing value of the timer 2;
s6: and (4) comparing the error current obtained in the step (2) and the step (5) with the hysteresis loop upper/lower threshold value in real time to generate a PWM control signal. By adopting the control method, the switching frequency is not unstable due to the conditions of input voltage change, load change and the like; the digital algorithm is simple and easy to realize; can be applied to a voltage control mode. The characteristics of the control mode are combined, and the method is favorable for further popularization and application.
Error current e according to the inventioniThe calculation method of (2) is as follows:
namely: e.g. of the typei＝if-iref
Wherein, the ifFor BUCK converter inductor current, irefIs a reference current.
The calculation method of the hysteresis upper/lower threshold of the current switching period in step 5 of the invention is as follows: 1): firstly, a stable switching period T is obtainedrefThe time intervals between adjacent zero crossings of the error current in the kth switching cycle must be equal and sum to TrefNamely, the following conditions are satisfied:
wherein, TrefThe time intervals of adjacent zero-crossing points of the error current in the k-th switching period must be equal and sum, t1(k) Time of zero crossing of the first error current in the kth switching cycle, t2(k) The time for the second error current zero crossing in the kth switching cycle.
2) And calculating analytical expressions of upper and lower thresholds of a hysteresis loop of the kth switching period as follows:
wherein, B1(k) Upper hysteresis threshold for the k-th switching cycle, B2(k) Lower hysteresis threshold, T, for the kth switching cyclerefThe time intervals of adjacent zero-crossing points of the error current in the k-th switching period must be equal and sum, t1(k-1) is t1Time interval between two zero crossings of error current adjacent in time, t2(k-1) is t2The time interval between two zero crossings of the error current adjacent in time.
The invention obtains stable switching period T in step 1refThe method comprises the following steps:
the method for adjusting the hysteresis upper threshold or lower threshold in the current second half switching period by measuring the time interval of the zero crossing point of the adjacent error current of the current second half switching period can enable the system to obtain a stable switching period more quickly;
the specific method comprises the following steps:
under the steady state condition, the upper threshold and the lower threshold are adjusted once through half of the switching period, so that the time interval between two adjacent error current zero-crossing points is strictly controlled to be half of the switching period; under the condition that two rising slopes in two adjacent switching periods are the same and two falling slopes are the same, according to the geometric relationship, the upper threshold value and the lower threshold value of the hysteresis loop are necessarily equal in size and opposite in sign, so that the tracking average error can be zero and the switching period is stable by adopting a tracking control algorithm based on the zero crossing time of the error current.
The invention discloses a digital current hysteresis tracking control method of a BUCK converter, which comprises the following steps: the first unit is used for calculating the current hysteresis loop upper/threshold value according to the inductive current obtained by sampling;
and the second unit is used for comparing the amplitude of the current hysteresis loop upper/lower threshold with the amplitude of the error current to generate a switching signal of the power device so as to realize current tracking control.
The first unit comprises a sampling module for sampling the inductive current;
the error current calculation module subtracts the reference current from the inductive current to obtain an error current;
the error current zero-crossing comparison module is used for generating a timing control logic signal by using the zero-crossing time of the error current;
and the group of calculation modules are used for calculating corresponding upper/lower threshold values.
The second unit of the invention comprises a hysteresis comparison module for comparing the amplitude of the error current with the hysteresis upper/lower threshold value to generate a switching signal.
The technical scheme shows that the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the digitalized current hysteresis tracking control method and the digitalized implementation system of the BUCK converter, the upper/lower threshold values of the current switching period are respectively calculated according to the inductive current obtained by sampling and the digital control module; and comparing the amplitude of the current hysteresis upper/lower threshold with the amplitude of the error current to generate a switching signal, and carrying out current hysteresis tracking control on the BUCK converter. By adopting the control method, the switching frequency is not unstable due to the conditions of input voltage change, load change and the like; the digital algorithm is simple and easy to realize; can be applied to a voltage control mode. The characteristics of the control mode are combined, and the method is favorable for further popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a basic control schematic diagram of a digital current hysteresis tracking control method of a BUCK converter in the invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates the basic principle of hysteresis loop current tracking control of adjacent error current zero crossing times;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a current hysteresis control system according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention is further elucidated with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Examples
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "a plurality" means two or more unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a method for tracking and controlling a digitized current hysteresis of a BUCK converter includes:
s1: measuring a current value, and sampling by a sampling module to obtain a current value of a filter inductor of the BUCK converter;
s2: calculating the error current ei；
S3: logic flag signal S for generating error current zero crossing point by adopting zero crossing comparatori，
S4: timing its adjacent zero crossing of the over-error current, i.e. at SiIn the high level period, a timer 1 is used for timing the zero crossing point of the adjacent over-error current; at SiIn the low level period, a timer 2 is used for timing the zero crossing point of the adjacent over-error current;
s5: calculating the hysteresis upper/lower threshold of the current switching period; namely, a timer value of a timer 1 is utilized to calculate an upper threshold value of a hysteresis loop of a current switching period; calculating a hysteresis lower threshold value of the current switching period by utilizing a timing value of the timer 2;
s6: and (4) comparing the error current obtained in the step (2) and the step (5) with the hysteresis loop upper/lower threshold value in real time to generate a PWM control signal.
Error current e in the present embodimentiThe calculation method of (2) is as follows:
namely: e.g. of the typei＝if－iref
Wherein, the ifFor BUCK converter inductor current, irefIs a reference current.
In this embodiment, the calculation method of the hysteresis loop upper/lower threshold of the current switching period in step 5 is as follows:
1): firstly, a stable switching period T is obtainedrefThe time intervals between adjacent zero crossings of the error current in the kth switching cycle must be equal and sum to TrefNamely, the following conditions are satisfied:
wherein, TrefThe time intervals of adjacent zero-crossing points of the error current in the k-th switching period must be equal and sum, t1(k) Time of zero crossing of the first error current in the kth switching cycle, t2(k) The time for the second error current zero crossing in the kth switching cycle.
2) And calculating analytical expressions of upper and lower thresholds of a hysteresis loop of the kth switching period as follows:
wherein, B1(k) Upper hysteresis threshold for the k-th switching cycle, B2(k) Lower hysteresis threshold, T, for the kth switching cyclerefThe time intervals of adjacent zero-crossing points of the error current in the k-th switching period must be equal and sum, t1(k-1) is t1Time interval between two zero crossings of error current adjacent in time, t2(k-1) is t2The time interval between two zero crossings of the error current adjacent in time.
In this example, a stable switching period is obtained in step 1TrefThe method comprises the following steps:
the method for adjusting the hysteresis upper threshold or lower threshold in the current second half switching period by measuring the time interval of the zero crossing point of the adjacent error current of the current second half switching period can enable the system to obtain a stable switching period more quickly;
the specific method comprises the following steps:
under the steady state condition, the upper threshold and the lower threshold are adjusted once through half of the switching period, so that the time interval between two adjacent error current zero-crossing points is strictly controlled to be half of the switching period; under the condition that two rising slopes in two adjacent switching periods are the same and two falling slopes are the same, according to the geometric relationship, the upper threshold value and the lower threshold value of the hysteresis loop are necessarily equal in size and opposite in sign, so that the tracking average error can be zero and the switching period is stable by adopting a tracking control algorithm based on the zero crossing time of the error current.
The digital current hysteresis tracking control system of the BUCK converter in this embodiment includes: the first unit is used for calculating the current hysteresis loop upper/threshold value according to the current of the sampling air channel;
and the second unit is used for comparing the amplitude of the current hysteresis loop upper/lower threshold with the amplitude of the error current to generate a switching signal of the power device so as to realize current tracking control.
In this embodiment, the first unit includes a sampling module, configured to sample an inductor current;
the error current calculation module subtracts the reference current from the inductive current to obtain an error current;
the error current zero-crossing comparison module is used for generating a timing control logic signal by using the zero-crossing time of the error current;
and the group of calculation modules are used for calculating corresponding upper/lower threshold values.
In this embodiment, the second unit includes a hysteresis comparison module, configured to compare the magnitude of the error current with a hysteresis upper/lower threshold to generate the switching signal.
Example 2
A digital current hysteresis control system based on an FPGA comprises a first unit, a second unit and a third unit, wherein the first unit is used for calculating a current hysteresis upper/lower threshold according to an inductive current obtained by sampling; the second unit is used for comparing the amplitude of the current hysteresis loop upper/lower threshold with the amplitude of the error current to generate a switching signal of a power device so as to realize current tracking control;
wherein the first unit includes: the ADC sampling control module is used for sampling the inductive current; the error current calculation module subtracts the reference current from the inductive current to obtain an error current; the error current zero-crossing comparison module is used for generating a timing control logic signal by using the zero-crossing time of the error current; two timing modules, which are respectively used for calculating corresponding upper/lower threshold values;
the second unit includes: and the hysteresis comparison module is used for comparing the amplitude of the error current with the hysteresis upper/lower threshold value so as to generate a PWM switching signal.
In this embodiment, a method for tracking and controlling a digitized current hysteresis of a BUCK converter includes:
s1: measuring a current value, and sampling by a sampling module to obtain a current value of a filter inductor of the BUCK converter;
s2: calculating the error current ei；
S3: logic flag signal S for generating error current zero crossing point by adopting zero crossing comparatori，
S4: timing its adjacent zero crossing of the over-error current, i.e. at SiIn the high level period, a timer 1 is used for timing the zero crossing point of the adjacent over-error current; at SiIn the low level period, a timer 2 is used for timing the zero crossing point of the adjacent over-error current;
s5: calculating the upper/lower threshold of the hysteresis loop of the current switching period; namely, a timer value of a timer 1 is utilized to calculate an upper threshold value of a hysteresis loop of a current switching period; calculating a hysteresis lower threshold value of the current switching period by utilizing a timing value of the timer 2;
s6: and (4) comparing the error current obtained in the step (2) and the step (5) with the hysteresis loop upper/lower threshold value in real time to generate a PWM control signal.
Error current e in the present embodimentiThe calculation method of (2) is as follows:
namely: e.g. of the typei＝if－iref
Wherein, the ifFor BUCK converter inductor current, irefIs a reference current.
In this embodiment, the calculation method of the hysteresis loop upper/lower threshold of the current switching period in step 5 is as follows:
1): firstly, a stable switching period T is obtainedrefThe time intervals between adjacent zero crossings of the error current in the kth switching cycle must be equal and sum to TrefNamely, the following conditions are satisfied:
wherein, TrefThe time intervals of adjacent zero-crossing points of the error current in the k-th switching period must be equal and sum, t1(k) Time of zero crossing of the first error current in the kth switching cycle, t2(k) The time for the second error current zero crossing in the kth switching cycle.
2) And calculating analytical expressions of upper and lower thresholds of a hysteresis loop of the kth switching period as follows:
wherein, B1(k) Upper hysteresis threshold for the k-th switching cycle, B2(k) Lower hysteresis threshold, T, for the kth switching cyclerefThe time intervals of adjacent zero-crossing points of the error current in the k-th switching period must be equal and sum, t1(k-1) is t1Time interval between two zero crossings of error current adjacent in time, t2(k-1) is t2The time interval between two zero crossings of the error current adjacent in time.
In this example, a stable switching period T is obtained in step 1refThe method comprises the following steps:
the method for adjusting the hysteresis upper threshold or lower threshold in the current second half switching period by measuring the time interval of the zero crossing point of the adjacent error current of the current second half switching period can enable the system to obtain a stable switching period more quickly;
the specific method comprises the following steps:
under the steady state condition, the upper threshold and the lower threshold are adjusted once through half of the switching period, so that the time interval between two adjacent error current zero-crossing points is strictly controlled to be half of the switching period; under the condition that two rising slopes in two adjacent switching periods are the same and two falling slopes are the same, according to the geometric relationship, the upper threshold value and the lower threshold value of the hysteresis loop are necessarily equal in size and opposite in sign, so that the tracking average error can be zero and the switching period is stable by adopting a tracking control algorithm based on the zero crossing time of the error current.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A digitalized current hysteresis tracking control method of a BUCK converter is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: measuring a current value, and sampling by a sampling module to obtain a current value of a filter inductor of the BUCK converter;
s2: calculating the error current ei；
S3: logic flag signal S for generating error current zero crossing point by adopting zero crossing comparatori；
S4: timing its adjacent zero crossing of the over-error current, i.e. at SiIn the high level period, a timer 1 is used for timing the zero crossing point of the adjacent over-error current; at SiIn the low level period, a timer 2 is used for timing the zero crossing point of the adjacent over-error current;
s5: calculating the hysteresis upper/lower threshold of the current switching period; namely, a timer value of a timer 1 is utilized to calculate an upper threshold value of a hysteresis loop of a current switching period; calculating a hysteresis lower threshold value of the current switching period by utilizing a timing value of the timer 2;
s6: and (4) comparing the error current obtained in the step (2) and the step (5) with the hysteresis loop upper/lower threshold value in real time to generate a PWM control signal.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the error current e is obtained by tracking and controlling the hysteresis loop of the BUCK converteriThe calculation method of (2) is as follows:
namely: e.g. of the typei＝if-iref
Wherein, the ifFor BUCK converter inductor current, irefIs a reference current.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hysteresis loop up/down threshold of the current switching period in step 5 is calculated as follows:
1): firstly, a stable switching period T is obtainedrefThe time intervals between adjacent zero crossings of the error current in the kth switching cycle must be equal and sum to TrefNamely, the following conditions are satisfied:
wherein, TrefThe time intervals of adjacent zero-crossing points of the error current in the k-th switching period must be equal and sum, t1(k) Time of zero crossing of the first error current in the kth switching cycle, t2(k) The time for the second error current zero crossing in the kth switching cycle.
2) And calculating analytical expressions of upper and lower thresholds of a hysteresis loop of the kth switching period as follows:
wherein, B1(k) Upper hysteresis threshold for the k-th switching cycle, B2(k) Lower hysteresis threshold, T, for the kth switching cyclerefThe time intervals of adjacent zero-crossing points of the error current in the k-th switching period must be equal and sum, t1(k-1) is t1Time interval between two zero crossings of error current adjacent in time, t2(k-1) is t2The time interval between two zero crossings of the error current adjacent in time.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the stable switching period T is obtained in step 1refThe method comprises the following steps:
the method for adjusting the hysteresis upper threshold or lower threshold in the current second half switching period by measuring the time interval of the zero crossing point of the adjacent error current of the current second half switching period can enable the system to obtain a stable switching period more quickly;
the specific method comprises the following steps:
under the steady state condition, the upper threshold and the lower threshold are adjusted once through half of the switching period, so that the time interval between two adjacent error current zero-crossing points is strictly controlled to be half of the switching period; under the condition that two rising slopes in two adjacent switching periods are the same and two falling slopes are the same, as shown in fig. 2, it can be known from the geometric relationship that in order to satisfy the condition that the time intervals between two adjacent error current zero-crossing points are equal, the upper and lower thresholds of the hysteresis loop are necessarily equal in size and opposite in sign, so that the tracking average error can be zero and the switching period is stable by adopting the tracking control algorithm based on the error current zero-crossing point time.
5. A digitalized current hysteresis tracking control system of a BUCK converter is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the first unit is used for calculating the current hysteresis loop upper/threshold value according to the sampled inductive current;
and the second unit is used for comparing the amplitude of the current hysteresis loop upper/lower threshold with the amplitude of the error current to generate a switching signal of the power device so as to realize current tracking control.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of controlling the hysteresis loop tracking of the BUCK converter comprises the steps of: the first unit comprises a sampling module for sampling the inductive current;
the error current calculation module subtracts the reference current from the inductive current to obtain an error current;
the error current zero-crossing comparison module is used for generating a timing control logic signal by using the zero-crossing time of the error current;
a calculation module for calculating corresponding upper/lower thresholds.
7. The digital current hysteresis tracking control system of the BUCK converter according to claim 5, wherein: the second unit includes a hysteresis comparison module for comparing the error current with a hysteresis upper/lower threshold in magnitude to generate a PWM switching signal. When the error current is larger than the upper threshold value, the PWM is changed from a high level to a low level; when the error current is less than the lower threshold, the PWM changes from low to high.
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| CN113541521A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-10-22 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Hysteresis loop random frequency spreading method in inverter random pulse width modulation selective harmonic elimination |
| CN113541521B (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2022-07-29 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Hysteresis loop random frequency spreading method in inverter random pulse width modulation selective harmonic elimination |
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Application publication date: 20210528 |