CN112859309B - Lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zooming temperature measurement lens - Google Patents

Lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zooming temperature measurement lens Download PDF

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CN112859309B
CN112859309B CN202011258750.0A CN202011258750A CN112859309B CN 112859309 B CN112859309 B CN 112859309B CN 202011258750 A CN202011258750 A CN 202011258750A CN 112859309 B CN112859309 B CN 112859309B
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lens
temperature measurement
aerial vehicle
unmanned aerial
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CN112859309A (en
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刘旭东
吴玉堂
王国力
刘建芬
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Nanjing Wavelength Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Nanjing Wavelength Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
    • G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
    • G02B15/145—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having five groups only
    • G02B15/1455—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having five groups only the first group being negative
    • G02B15/145511—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having five groups only the first group being negative arranged -+-+-
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
    • G01J5/0806—Focusing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or concave mirrors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/14—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
    • G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
    • G02B15/16—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group
    • G02B15/163—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group having a first movable lens or lens group and a second movable lens or lens group, both in front of a fixed lens or lens group
    • G02B15/167—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group having a first movable lens or lens group and a second movable lens or lens group, both in front of a fixed lens or lens group having an additional fixed front lens or group of lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
    • G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
    • G02B15/16—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group
    • G02B15/177—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group having a negative front lens or group of lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
    • G02B7/021—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses for more than one lens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
    • G02B7/025—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses using glue
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J2005/0077—Imaging

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Abstract

The invention discloses a lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zooming temperature measurement lens, wherein an optical system of the lens comprises a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens and a fifth lens which are sequentially arranged from an object side to a target surface; the first lens is a front fixed lens group with positive focal power; the second lens is a zoom lens group with negative focal power; the third lens is a compensating lens group with positive focal power; the fourth lens is a rear fixed group with negative focal power; the fifth lens is a focusing group with positive focal power. The lens is compatible with long-wave continuous zooming and temperature measuring functions; the whole weight is small, the observation can be carried out in a long distance, and the device is suitable for aircrafts without heat engines and the like which bear low loads; the influence of stray light and electronic noise on the non-uniformity correction can be effectively reduced by adopting the internal correction of the optical system; the zoom and compensation optical lens group is assembled in a stress-free mode, and the influence of the surface type of an optical component on the image quality can be effectively reduced.

Description

Lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zooming temperature measurement lens
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zooming temperature measurement lens, and belongs to the field of long-wave zooming temperature measurement lenses.
Background
The long-wave continuous zoom lens is a monitoring lens which is conventionally used in the current market, mainly aims at finding a target by using a large view field, identifying or distinguishing the target by using a small view field, can detect a key area all day by using a thermal radiation effect, and has an important role in the fields of forest fire prevention, shore protection monitoring, road traffic, maritime monitoring and the like.
The infrared temperature measurement lens mainly collects energy for a detector target, different energy values are obtained through different objects according to different temperatures and different emitted heat radiation intensities, the actual temperature of the detected object can be measured through comparison and calibration, and the infrared temperature measurement lens has certain influence in the fields of security and quarantine, medical treatment, electric fire fighting and the like. The temperature measuring lenses on the market are all fixed-focus, the positions of the temperature measuring lenses are basically fixed, and the use is limited under the condition that some people are not suitable for entering areas or places with too high height and narrow areas for temperature measurement. In the prior art, no report related to the small-focus long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens technology used by an unmanned aerial vehicle exists.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the technology, the invention provides the lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens which is suitable for 640x480 infrared machine cores and is suitable for temperature measurement requirements in areas which are not suitable for some people to enter or places with too high height and narrow areas.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a light-weight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zooming temperature measurement lens comprises an optical system, a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens and a fifth lens, wherein the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens and the fifth lens are sequentially arranged from an object side to a target surface;
the first lens is a front fixed lens group with positive focal power; the second lens is a zoom lens group with negative focal power; the third lens is a compensating lens group with positive focal power; the fourth lens is a rear fixed group with negative focal power; the fifth lens is a focusing group with positive focal power.
The above-mentioned solution that provides a little focus long wave of big target surface unmanned aerial vehicle patrols and examines use zooms temperature measurement camera lens, it is too high in the region or the height that some people are unsuitable to get into, under the narrow place condition of carrying out the temperature measurement in region, the long wave unmanned aerial vehicle temperature measurement camera lens of above-mentioned lightweight little focus can help, above-mentioned camera lens can be in the long distance suspicious region of big visual field discovery that utilizes, the little visual field of big focus of reutilization is discerned the discernment, it is close to the target to take temperature measurement system by unmanned aerial vehicle after confirming the target, carry out the heterogeneity after changing into big visual field little focus again and rectify, then carry out the target temperature measurement again, take the temperature measurement value of target.
The first lens is a front fixed lens group: the maximum clear aperture is determined by the design parameters, and the function of the maximum clear aperture is to provide a fixed image for the optical system; the second lens is a zoom lens group: a group of lenses linearly moves to change the focal length of the optical system; the third lens is a compensating lens group: a group of lenses makes nonlinear linear motion to compensate the shift of an image plane of the zoom group which influences the whole body in the moving process; the fourth lens is a rear fixed group: for converting the images of the compensation group into real images; the fifth lens is a focusing group: the method is used for compensating the image plane offset of the integral synthesized focal length under different focal lengths and different temperatures.
The application provides a big target surface unmanned aerial vehicle patrols and examines solution of little focus long wave temperature measurement camera lens that zooms that uses, is the lightweight little focus unmanned aerial vehicle long wave temperature measurement camera lens that zooms that is applicable to 640x480 infrared core.
In order to correct the aberration and the effect of chromatic aberration, the optical system uses Ge and chalcogenide glass material. Preferably, the first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the fifth lens are made of germanium glass materials, the refractive index of germanium is as high as 4.0, aberration correction is facilitated, and the image quality is integrally improved; the fourth lens is made of chalcogenide glass material. The combination of different materials can effectively eliminate the chromatic aberration characteristic of the system, reduce the influence of chromatic aberration on the whole group of optical systems, and the same chalcogenide material can carry out precision die pressing when in mass production while reducing the cost.
The lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens has the focal length of 13-45 mm, the F number of 0.82-1.05, the diagonal angle of view of 43.8-12 degrees and the applicable waveband of 8-12 microns.
In order to further improve the image quality, the two surfaces of the first lens are a first object side surface and a second object side surface in sequence from the object side to the target surfaceThe two surfaces of the second lens are a second object side surface and a second image side surface in sequence, the two surfaces of the third lens are a third object side surface and a third image side surface in sequence, the two surfaces of the fourth lens are a fourth object side surface and a fourth image side surface in sequence, and the two surfaces of the fifth lens are a fifth object side surface and a fifth image side surface in sequence; the first object side surface is a spherical surface, and the first image side surface is an aspheric surface; the second object side surface is an aspheric surface, and the second image side surface is a spherical surface; the third object side surface is a spherical surface, and the third image side surface is an aspheric surface; the fourth object side surface is a spherical surface, and the fourth image side surface is an aspheric surface; the fifth object side surface is an aspheric surface, and the fifth image side surface is a spherical surface; the aspherical surface adopts the equation:
Figure GDA0003480585070000021
wherein, ZA: the lens rise of the aspheric surface in the optical axis direction; r: radius of curvature at the intersection of the surface and the optical axis OO'; y: a half aperture of the lens perpendicular to the optical axis direction; k: a cone coefficient; A. b, C, D aspheric coefficients.
In order to further ensure the image quality, the curvature radius of the first object side surface is 49.123 +/-0.02 mm, and the curvature radius of the first image side surface is 77.8984 +/-0.02 mm; the radius of curvature of the second image side surface is-91.3988 +/-0.02 mm, and the radius of curvature of the second image side surface is 58.48 +/-0.02 mm; the radius of curvature of the third object-side surface is 151.8 +/-0.02 mm, and the radius of curvature of the third image-side surface is-81.5427 +/-0.02 mm; the radius of curvature of the fourth object-side surface is-48.64 +/-0.02 mm, and the radius of curvature of the fourth image-side surface is 101.571 +/-0.02 mm; the radius of curvature of the fifth object-side surface is 37.9892 + -0.02 mm, and the radius of curvature of the fifth image-side surface is 111.43 + -0.02 mm. The central thickness of the first lens is 5.35 +/-0.02 mm; the central thickness of the second lens is 2 +/-0.02 mm; the center thickness of the third lens is 3.35 +/-0.02 mm; the center thickness of the fourth lens is 2.5 +/-0.02 mm; the center thickness of the fifth lens is 3.42 +/-0.02 mm; the center interval between the first lens and the second lens is adjustable within 6-14.73 mm; the center interval between the second lens and the third lens is 22.313-4mm and is adjustable; the central interval between the third lens and the fourth lens is adjustable within 3.3-12.88 mm; the center of the fourth lens is separated from the center of the fifth lens by 19.988 +/-0.02 mm.
In order to ensure the whole light weight, the optical system adopts a 5-piece optical lens group, the whole center thickness is 16.62mm, the mass of the optical system is 83.6g, the weight of the whole lens is 289g, the whole mass is very light, and the whole mechanical length is 73.5 mm.
The zoom lens group and the compensation lens group are adjusted by a zoom cam arranged on the lens base; the focusing lens group is adjusted by a focusing cam arranged on the lens base; the zoom cam adjusting and zooming lens group, the compensating lens group and the focusing cam adjusting and focusing lens group are connected through stainless steel pins, and a layer of guide pin is additionally arranged on the outer side of each stainless steel pin. The structure which is not particularly described in the application can be obtained by referring to the structure of the existing lens such as the long-wave continuous zoom lens or the fixed-focus temperature measuring lens.
In order to reduce the weight, a direct current motor with a large reduction ratio and a small diameter and a potentiometer are adopted, and the influence of a driving part on the weight is reduced. The direct current motor and the potentiometer comprise a variable-magnification driving motor and a variable-magnification potentiometer, and a focusing driving motor and a focusing potentiometer.
For improving the accuracy of temperature measurement, the lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zooming temperature measurement lens further comprises a non-uniformity correction sheet and a stepping motor drive, wherein the non-uniformity correction sheet is additionally arranged between a fourth lens and a fifth lens of the lens, a roll-out notch is arranged on a lens base between the fourth lens and the fifth lens, and the stepping motor drive is arranged on the lens base and drives the non-uniformity correction sheet to roll in or roll out of the notch. Thus, the influence of stray light or electronic noise on temperature measurement can be reduced. In order to obtain an accurate correction position, the step motor is adopted to drive the non-uniformity correction sheet, and the system uniformity correction can be carried out at a specified time or non-specific time only by setting the step number and the correction time of the step motor.
The principle of an optical system is utilized, objects higher than the absolute zero to 273k all emit thermal radiation, the thermal radiation is captured by a lens and gathered to a focal plane of a detector, the detector forms an image output by utilizing photoelectric conversion, the working mode of the optical system is the working mode, temperature measurement is carried out by utilizing the fact that the peak wavelengths of the thermal radiation emitted by all the objects are different, the peak wavelength which can be responded and emitted by the object with higher heat is closer to a low waveband of a long wave, the peak wavelength which can be responded and emitted by the object with lower temperature is closer to a high waveband of the long wave, and the peak wavelengths emitted by all the temperatures are different after being gathered and responded by the detector. After the initial calibration of the temperature database, the relatively accurate temperature can be known by actually comparing the measured peak absorption range. The temperature measuring lens is interfered by different environments outside, the influence on the background contrast of optical measurement is large, the optical correction sheet is placed inside the lens, the whole temperature measuring integrated product can be subjected to background correction together, the background correction is not only carried out on a detector in the existing market, and a background contrast sample plate with better uniformity can be obtained better according to the change of the actual environment.
The automatic focusing function is realized by adopting the cam zooming and voltage feedback modes, the correction sheet controlled by the stepping motor is added, the correction is carried out in the optical system, stray light and system noise are inhibited, the integral uniformity can be better corrected before the integral synthetic focal length value and the aperture diaphragm of the optical system are adjusted, and the contrast plate with the uniform relative contrast is obtained. An accurate temperature measurement value can be obtained under a close large visual field.
In order to reduce the background reflection and the accurate size of the correction sheet, the non-uniformity correction sheet is made of steel with the thickness of 0.2mm and is blackened by vacuum extinction. Greatly inhibiting the influence of stray light on the non-uniformity correction
In order to avoid the change of the surface types of the optical zoom lens group and the optical compensation lens group caused by stress, and simultaneously reduce the length of an optical system, the zoom lens group and the compensation lens group are assembled in a stress-free mode, and the assembly modes of the zoom lens group and the compensation lens group are as follows: and (3) locking the lens and the lens base at 3 points by adopting UV (ultraviolet) glue, and then paving the gap between the lens base and the end face circle of the lens with silicon rubber. Thus, the purpose of reducing the total optical length is achieved, the optical elements of the zooming and compensating group can not be damaged, and the image quality of the actual product is close to the theoretical design value. The change of the surface type has great influence on the change of the image quality, and by adopting the scheme, the change of the surface type before and after heating can be avoided. The shrinkage rate of the UV ultraviolet glue is small, but the aging property is relatively poor, so that the UV ultraviolet glue is firstly adopted to lock the lens and the lens base at 3 points, then the silicon rubber with the smaller shrinkage rate is adopted to fully cover the gap between the lens base and the end face circle of the lens, namely, the 3-point UV ultraviolet glue which is uniformly distributed is used for bonding and fixing the lens side wall and the lens base, and the rest gaps between the lens side wall and the lens base are filled with the silicon rubber. If silicone rubber is used directly (without UV glue), shrinkage will destroy the decentration.
The other lens groups except the zoom lens group and the compensation lens group are assembled by adopting the existing pressing ring mode.
In order to improve the overall optical quality, the product uses an aspheric surface but does not use a diffraction surface, the theoretical MTF of the overall optical system is higher, the overall processing difficulty is reduced, and the cost reduction and the market popularization are realized.
The prior art is referred to in the art for techniques not mentioned in the present invention.
The lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens has the following beneficial effects:
1) the functions of long-wave continuous zooming and temperature measurement are compatible;
2) the whole weight is small, the observation can be carried out in a long distance, and the device is suitable for aircrafts without heat engines and the like which bear low loads;
3) the influence of stray light and electronic noise on the non-uniformity correction can be effectively reduced by adopting the internal correction of the optical system;
4) the zoom and compensation optical lens group is assembled in a stress-free mode, and the influence of the surface type of an optical component on the image quality can be effectively reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an optical system diagram of a lightweight small focal length unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of main components of a lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a first external dimension diagram of the lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a second drawing of the overall dimensions of the lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle-type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens of 13 mmF0.82;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens of 29 mmF0.97;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens of 45 mmF1.05;
FIG. 8 is an image quality evaluation chart of the lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens of the invention at 13 mmF0.82;
FIG. 9 is an image quality evaluation chart of the lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens of the invention at 29 mmF0.97;
FIG. 10 is an image quality evaluation chart of the lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens of the invention at 29 mmF0.97;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of non-uniformity correction of the lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle-type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens according to the present invention (closed state of the non-uniformity correction sheet);
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of non-uniformity correction of the lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle-type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens according to the present invention (open state of the non-uniformity correction sheet);
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further provided to illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The optical system of the unmanned aerial vehicle long-wave zooming temperature measurement lens with the light weight and the small focal length as shown in fig. 1 comprises the following components which are sequentially arranged from an object to an image along the direction of a central shaft: a first lens L1 (front fixed lens group) having positive power, a second lens L2 (variable power lens group) having negative power, a third lens L3 (compensation lens group) having positive power, a fourth lens L4 (rear fixed group) having negative power, a fifth lens L5 (focusing group) having positive power, and a 1m germanium window W and an image plane I.
In order to ensure the light weight of the whole optical system, a 5-piece optical lens group is adopted, the central thickness of the whole is 16.62mm, and the optical quality of the whole is 83.6 g. The first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the fifth lens are made of germanium materials, the refractive index of germanium is as high as 4.0, aberration correction is facilitated, and the image quality is integrally improved; the fourth lens is made of chalcogenide glass materials, and the chromatic aberration characteristic of the system can be effectively eliminated by utilizing the combination of different materials, so that the influence of chromatic aberration on the whole optical system is reduced.
TABLE 1 specific parameters of the above optical system
Figure GDA0003480585070000061
In table 1, two surfaces of the first lens L1 sequentially include a first object-side surface S1 and a first image-side surface S2, two surfaces of the second lens L2 sequentially include a second object-side surface S3 and a second image-side surface S4, two surfaces of the third lens L3 sequentially include a third object-side surface S5 and a third image-side surface S6, two surfaces of the fourth lens L4 sequentially include a fourth object-side surface S7 and a fourth image-side surface S8, and two surfaces of the fifth lens L5 sequentially include a fifth object-side surface S9 and a fifth image-side surface S10; the thickness corresponding to S1 is the central thickness of the first lens, and the thickness corresponding to S2 is the central interval between the first lens and the second lens; the thickness corresponding to S3 is the central thickness of the second lens, and the thickness corresponding to S4 is the central interval between the second lens and the third lens; the thickness corresponding to S5 is the central thickness of the third lens, and the thickness corresponding to S6 is the central interval between the third lens and the fourth lens; the thickness corresponding to S7 is the central thickness of the fourth lens, and the thickness corresponding to S8 is the central interval between the fourth lens and the fifth lens; the thickness corresponding to S9 is the central thickness of the fifth lens, and the thickness corresponding to S10 is the central interval between the fifth lens and the 1mm germanium window; the center interval between the 1mm germanium window and the image surface is 1 mm.
The aspheric equations used in table 1:
Figure GDA0003480585070000062
wherein the amounts have the following meanings:
ZA: the lens rise of the aspheric surface in the optical axis direction;
r: radius of curvature at the intersection of the surface and the optical axis OO';
y: a half aperture of the lens perpendicular to the optical axis direction;
k: a cone coefficient;
A. b, C, D are aspheric coefficients; specific coefficients are shown in Table 2
TABLE 2
Aspherical surface K A B C D
S2 0 -1.87798E-07 9.46364E-011 -1.10954E-13 6.567E-17
S3
0 5.07989E-06 1.72592E-09 -1.47843E-11 2.04216E-14
S6
0 1.88118E-06 -1.6176E-010 -1.38255E-13 -5.37252E-16
S8
0 2.98056E-07 -2.03152E-09 2.37173E-011 -7.32083E-14
S9 0 -1.58269E-07 -1.26102E-09 -7.07807E-013 -4.08578E-15
The lightweight small-focus unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens has the focal length of 13-45 mm, the F number of 0.82-1.05, the diagonal angle of view of 43.8-12 degrees and the applicable waveband of 8-12 microns.
Fig. 5 to 7 are position diagrams of the optical system zoom and compensation lens group of the light-weight small-focal-length unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens at different positions of focal lengths 13mm, 29mm and 45mm, respectively, and values of air intervals X1, X2 and X3 in fig. 1 also change with the change of the focal lengths (X1 corresponding to the focal length 13mm is 14.73mm, X2 is 4.08mm and X3 is 12.8mm, X1 corresponding to the focal length 29mm is 12.36mm, X2 is 10.52mm, X3 is 8.73mm, X1 corresponding to the focal length 45mm is 6mm, X2 is 22.3mm and X3 is 3.31 mm). In the assembling process of the whole optical system, the actual optical interval of the system is well controlled, the image output of a product in the actual use process can be effectively improved, and the time from the zooming process to the stabilization of the image is saved.
It can be seen from fig. 5 to 7 that, in order to reduce the length of the entire optical system, the margins left by the variable power lens group and the compensation lens group during the initial design are very small, in the present application, no metal pressing ring is used to axially fix the variable power lens group and the compensation lens group, but UV ultraviolet glue with a small curing rate is used to lock the lens and the lens base at 3 points after the eccentricity and the air interval are corrected on a centering instrument in the assembly process, and then silicone rubber with a small shrinkage rate is used to fill the gap between the lens base and the end face circle of the lens, (the UV glue can use norland brand NOA61, the silicone rubber can use the super x 8008 model of CEMEDINE), so that the total optical length is reduced, the optical elements of the variable power lens group and the compensation lens group are not damaged, and the image quality of the actual product is close to the theoretical design value.
FIGS. 8 to 10 are image quality evaluation diagrams of the optical system at different positions with focal lengths of 13mm, 29mm and 45mm according to the embodiment, which represent the comprehensive resolution level during the whole zooming process of the optical system, and meet the requirement of a 640x 48012 μm detector for achieving 40 line pair resolution; it can be seen from the figure that the long-wave infrared optical system has corrected various aberrations, the amplitude of change of image quality at the center and the edge is small, the distortion of the maximum field of view of the system is controlled to be 8.2%, and the minimum relative illumination of the system is controlled to be 91%. The method is extremely favorable for calibrating the whole large-view-field short-focus state.
Fig. 2 shows the main appearance components of the long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens of the unmanned aerial vehicle with light weight and small focal length. The whole body adopts a compact design, the size of each space is optimized as much as possible, and the whole weight is prevented from being superposed while the whole strength is ensured. The shaft holes of the zoom cam and the focusing cam need grinding procedures in the integral assembly process, so that the phenomenon that parts are slow in movement or unsmooth in movement due to deformation in the production process is avoided. The connection of the zoom cam and the zoom lens group, the compensation lens group and the focusing cam and the focusing lens group is completed by stainless steel pins, and a layer of guide pin is added on the outer side of the pin, so that the zoom groove can smoothly drive the steering pin to move in the zoom process, linear friction is changed into sliding friction, and the influence of friction force after temperature contraction is greatly reduced. The zooming driving motor and the focusing driving motor both adopt small-diameter (10mm) and large-reduction-ratio (1:1024) direct current motors, so that the starting torque in a high-temperature and low-temperature state is increased, and the phenomenon of locking caused by insufficient starting torque in a special environment is avoided. The lens zooming potentiometer and the focusing potentiometer adopt a domestic mature potentiometer feedback voltage mode to realize accurate positioning.
TABLE 3 Main external structure of lightweight small focal length unmanned aerial vehicle type long wave zoom temperature measurement lens
Reference numerals Name (R) Remarks for note
1 Non-uniformity correction sheet Etching and vacuum blackening
2 Focusing limiting block Aluminium
3 Limit switch SSM-001L
4 Correction sheet driving motor Stepping motor, 3V, two-phase four-wire
5 Guide pin Copper (Cu)
6 Zoom cam Aluminium
7 Variable-power driving motor DC motor with diameter of 10mm6V
8 Variable-magnification potentiometer 5k, 3 circles
9 Focusing potentiometer 5k, 3 circles
10 Focusing driving motor Diameter of 10mm6V
11 Focusing cam Aluminium
Fig. 3 shows an overall dimension diagram of the embodiment. The figure shows that the overall structure is very small, the diameter phi is 70mm x, the length is 73.5mm, the radial center of the overall structure is slightly offset from the optical axis, and the distribution balance of the flight equipment can be better realized. The overall weight is 289g, the overall weight is light, and the aircraft load can be well adapted.
Fig. 11-12 are schematic diagrams illustrating the operation of the optical correction sheet according to the embodiment. The product adopts the mode of correcting the inside of the optical system, the non-uniformity correcting sheet is additionally arranged between the fourth lens and the fifth lens of the lens, and the integral optical system is corrected once before the image surface of the detector receives an optical signal, so that a contrast background plate which is attached to the actual environment can be obtained. The correction sheet of the product adopts an etching processing technology and is subjected to vacuum extinction black plating by a vacuum coating machine, so that the influence of stray light on non-uniformity correction is greatly inhibited. The correcting piece end is provided with a connecting column, the bottom of the connecting column is provided with a circular hole, and the rotating shaft driven in a stepping mode is inserted into the circular hole and forms interference fit with the circular hole. Because the thickness of correction piece is 0.2mm thick steel, the whole quality is very light, can utilize the step motor of less volume to carry out the closure and switch according to the step number that sets for.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a temperature measurement camera lens is zoomed to lightweight small focus unmanned aerial vehicle type long wave which characterized in that: the optical system comprises a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens and a fifth lens which are sequentially arranged from the object side to the target surface;
the first lens is a front fixed lens group with positive focal power; the second lens is a zoom lens group with negative focal power; the third lens is a compensating lens group with positive focal power; the fourth lens is a rear fixed group with negative focal power; the fifth lens is a focusing group with positive focal power;
from the object side to the target surface, two surfaces of the first lens are a first object side surface and a first image side surface in sequence, two surfaces of the second lens are a second object side surface and a second image side surface in sequence, two surfaces of the third lens are a third object side surface and a third image side surface in sequence, two surfaces of the fourth lens are a fourth object side surface and a fourth image side surface in sequence, and two surfaces of the fifth lens are a fifth object side surface and a fifth image side surface in sequence;
the curvature radius of the first object side surface is 49.123 +/-0.02 mm, and the curvature radius of the first image side surface is 77.8984 +/-0.02 mm; the radius of curvature of the second image side surface is-91.3988 +/-0.02 mm, and the radius of curvature of the second image side surface is 58.48 +/-0.02 mm; the radius of curvature of the third object-side surface is 151.8 +/-0.02 mm, and the radius of curvature of the third image-side surface is-81.5427 +/-0.02 mm; the radius of curvature of the fourth object-side surface is-48.64 +/-0.02 mm, and the radius of curvature of the fourth image-side surface is 101.571 +/-0.02 mm; the radius of curvature of the fifth object-side surface is 37.9892 + -0.02 mm, and the radius of curvature of the fifth image-side surface is 111.43 + -0.02 mm.
2. The lightweight small focal length unmanned aerial vehicle type long wave zoom temperature measurement lens of claim 1, characterized in that: the optical system is made of germanium and chalcogenide glass material.
3. The lightweight small focal length unmanned aerial vehicle type long wave zoom temperature measurement lens of claim 2, characterized in that: the first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the fifth lens are all made of germanium glass materials; the fourth lens is made of chalcogenide glass material.
4. The lightweight small focal length unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the focal length is 13mm-45mm, the F number is 0.82-1.05, the diagonal angle of view is 43.8-12 degrees, and the applicable waveband is 8-12 um.
5. The lightweight small focal length unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the first object side surface is a spherical surface, and the first image side surface is an aspheric surface; the second object side surface is an aspheric surface, and the second image side surface is a spherical surface; the third object side surface is a spherical surface, and the third image side surface is an aspheric surface; the fourth object side surface is a spherical surface, and the fourth image side surface is an aspheric surface; the fifth object side surface is an aspheric surface, and the fifth image side surface is a spherical surface; the aspheric surface adopts the following equations:
Figure FDA0003480585060000011
wherein, ZA: the lens rise of the aspheric surface in the optical axis direction; r: radius of curvature at the intersection of the surface and the optical axis OO'; y: a half aperture of the lens perpendicular to the optical axis direction; k: a cone coefficient; A. b, C, D aspheric coefficients.
6. The lightweight small focal length unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the central thickness of the first lens is 5.35 +/-0.02 mm; the central thickness of the second lens is 2 +/-0.02 mm; the center thickness of the third lens is 3.35 +/-0.02 mm; the center thickness of the fourth lens is 2.5 +/-0.02 mm; the center thickness of the fifth lens is 3.42 +/-0.02 mm; the center interval between the first lens and the second lens is adjustable within 6-14.73 mm; the center interval between the second lens and the third lens is 22.313-4mm and is adjustable; the central interval between the third lens and the fourth lens is adjustable within 3.3-12.88 mm; the center interval between the fourth lens and the fifth lens is 19.988 +/-0.02 mm.
7. The lightweight small focal length unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the lens driving device is characterized by further comprising a non-uniformity correcting piece and a stepping motor drive, wherein the non-uniformity correcting piece is additionally arranged between a fourth lens and a fifth lens of the lens, a roll-out notch is formed in a lens base between the fourth lens and the fifth lens, and the stepping motor drive is arranged on the lens base and drives the non-uniformity correcting piece to roll in or roll out of the notch.
8. The lightweight small focal length unmanned aerial vehicle type long wave zoom temperature measurement lens of claim 7, characterized in that: the nonuniformity correction sheet was made of a steel material having a thickness of 0.2mm, and was blackened by vacuum extinction.
9. The lightweight small focal length unmanned aerial vehicle type long-wave zoom temperature measurement lens of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the assembly mode of the zoom lens group and the compensation lens group is as follows: and (3) locking the lens and the lens base at 3 points by adopting UV (ultraviolet) glue, and then paving the gap between the lens base and the end face circle of the lens with silicon rubber.
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CN210090813U (en) * 2019-06-27 2020-02-18 三河市蓝思泰克光电科技有限公司 Economical thermal imaging continuous zoom lens
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CN109100023A (en) * 2018-08-13 2018-12-28 烟台艾睿光电科技有限公司 A kind of tripper, infrared thermal imager movement and infrared thermal imager
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