CN112859306A - Lightweight objective optical system for head-wearing low-light-level night vision device - Google Patents
Lightweight objective optical system for head-wearing low-light-level night vision device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112859306A CN112859306A CN202110260912.2A CN202110260912A CN112859306A CN 112859306 A CN112859306 A CN 112859306A CN 202110260912 A CN202110260912 A CN 202110260912A CN 112859306 A CN112859306 A CN 112859306A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
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- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lightweight objective optical system for a head-wearing low-light-level night vision device, which consists of four groups of lenses from an incident light direction to an image surface along an optical axis, wherein the first group of lenses consists of a first objective lens with positive diopter; the second group of lenses consists of a cemented lens consisting of a double convex objective lens second lens with positive diopter and a double concave objective lens third lens with negative diopter; the third group of lenses consists of a single-chip aspheric objective lens with positive diopter or two separated lenses; the fourth group of lenses consists of a single lens with negative optical power. The object and the scene images are imaged to the image surface of the low-light-level image intensifier by using the low-light-level objective lens manufactured by the optical system at night, so that clear night object and scene images can be obtained. The objective optical system disclosed by the invention comprises the aspheric objective, has the advantages of good imaging quality, simple structure, light weight, good manufacturability and the like, and the aberration of the optical system is well corrected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-performance light-weight objective optical system based on aspheric surface design and suitable for a low-light-level night vision device, in particular to a light-weight objective optical system for a head-mounted low-light-level night vision device.
Background
The human eye is a high-precision optical system, but the human eye has a small spectral sensitivity range and limited resolving power. As the light intensity is continuously weakened, the recognition ability of human eyes is gradually deteriorated, and finally, the object cannot be recognized. At night, the resolving power of human eyes is limited by two factors of spectral range and light intensity, and the low-light level night vision device breaks through the limitation and helps a person to observe objects under the low-light level condition at night.
The low-light night vision technology is mature and high-new technology, and the low-light night vision device is the night vision device with the maximum production and equipment quantity in developed countries. With the increasing demand of low-light night vision, the technical improvements of low-light devices and optical structures are required to be enhanced, so that the low-light devices have higher sensitivity and resolution, longer acting distance and larger field of view.
Helmet-type low-light night vision devices are a common type of low-light night vision device, and unlike general night vision devices, users need to wear the night vision devices on their heads, and therefore, the weight of the night vision devices must be reduced by improving the design, thereby reducing the burden on the users. Most of the traditional night vision devices adopt a spherical design, and have relatively complex structures and more lenses for correcting various aberrations caused by relatively large apertures, so that the weight is heavier. The improved method mainly uses optical diffraction element, aspheric surface, diffraction element and aspheric surface mixed design, etc. The method can realize the functions of the traditional optical element, can also realize special functions of chromatic aberration correction, heat difference elimination and the like, increases the degree of freedom of optical design, and has unique advantages in the aspects of improving image quality, reducing volume and weight.
The optical diffraction element has excellent performance, but has higher requirements on processing and manufacturing, and errors caused by processing and assembling also have larger influence on the performance, so the realization difficulty in practical application is higher, and the production and manufacturing cost is also higher. The manufacturing difficulty of the aspheric surface is reduced due to the improvement of domestic processing and detection technologies, the aspheric surface is introduced into the optical design, the design freedom degree can be expanded, and aberration can be corrected more efficiently, so that the quality of the lens is reduced on the premise of meeting the optical performance requirement, the overall structure is simplified, and the purposes of reducing the volume and lightening the weight are achieved.
At present, the objective lens of the low-light level night vision device is mostly a double-gauss objective lens with 7-10 lenses, for example, the design of four groups of 8 lenses is adopted in the patent CN107991767B light-light level night vision device optical system. Patent CN02268250.3 "shimmer night vision gun sight objective" objective adopts 6 groups 8 pieces formula, in order to make shimmer night vision device light in weight, small, needs to design 4 groups of 5 pieces of structure's of using aspheric technique objective, simplifies the structure when guaranteeing optical performance, promotes shimmer night vision device performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows:
the objective lens of the head-wearing low-light-level night vision device designed by the traditional spherical lens usually adopts 7-8 double-Gaussian objective lenses, is limited by the size of the receptor area, has the problems that aberration is difficult to correct, the weight is heavy and the like, and solves the problem that the size and the weight are effectively reduced on the premise of ensuring the image quality.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts environment-friendly materials and aspheric elements according to the use requirements of the head-wearing low-light night vision device, and reduces the volume and weight of the system on the premise of ensuring the image quality. The focal length of the designed objective lens is 24.74mm, the relative aperture is 1:1.2, the objective lens adopts a form of 4 groups of 5 sheets or 4 groups of 6 sheets, the on-axis transfer function of the objective lens reaches more than 0.7@40lp/mm, the total length of an optical system is not more than 35mm, and the weight of an optical element is not more than 17 g.
Specifically, the technical scheme of the invention can be a technical scheme of adopting 4 groups of 5 sheets or adopting 4 groups of 6 sheets.
(1) The technical scheme of adopting 4 groups of 5 tablets is as follows:
a lightweight objective optical system for low-light night vision device, which is composed of four groups of lenses along the optical axis from the incident light direction to the image plane, sequentially comprises: the first group of lenses are first objective lenses with positive diopter and aspheric surfaces; the second group of lenses are cemented lenses, are composed of a double convex positive diopter objective lens second lens and a double concave negative diopter objective lens third lens, and have the functions of reducing spherical aberration and chromatic aberration; the third group of lenses is an objective lens fourth lens with positive diopter and an aspheric surface; the fourth group of lenses is the fifth lens of the objective lens with negative diopter and an aspheric surface, and has the function of reducing curvature of field.
Preferably, the first lens of the objective lens is a meniscus aspheric positive lens, and the first lens of the objective lens satisfies the following formula:
0.5＜f1/f＜3.5
in the formula (f)1Is the cemented lens focal length; f denotes the focal length of the entire objective lens group.
Preferably, the cemented lens composed of the objective lens second lens and the objective lens third lens satisfies the following expression:
4＜f2/f＜6
in the formula (f)2Is the cemented lens focal length; f denotes the focal length of the entire objective lens group.
Preferably, the fourth lens of the objective lens is a biconvex aspheric positive lens, and the following expression is satisfied:
0.5＜f4/f＜1.5
in the formula (f)4Is the fourth lens focal length of the objective lens; f denotes the focal length of the entire objective lens group.
Preferably, the objective lens of the fifth lens of the objective lens is a meniscus aspheric negative lens, and the fifth lens of the objective lens satisfies the following expression:
-1.5＜f5/f＜-0.5
in the formula (f)5Is the fifth lens focal length of the objective lens; f denotes a focal length of the entire lens group.
(2) The technical scheme of adopting 4 groups of 6 tablets is as follows:
a lightweight objective optical system for low-light night vision device, which is composed of four groups of lenses along the optical axis from the incident light direction to the image plane, sequentially comprises: the first group of lenses are first objective lenses with positive diopter and aspheric surfaces; the second group of lenses are cemented lenses, are composed of a double convex positive diopter objective lens second lens and a double concave negative diopter objective lens third lens, and have the functions of reducing spherical aberration and chromatic aberration; the third group of lenses comprises two separated fourth objective lenses and a fifth objective lens, wherein the fourth objective lens is a meniscus negative lens, and the fifth objective lens is a double convex positive lens; the fourth group of lenses comprises a sixth lens of the objective lens of a meniscus negative lens with a concave surface facing the object space, and has the function of reducing the curvature of field.
Preferably, the objective lens first lens satisfies the following expression:
0.5＜f1/f＜1.5
in the formula (f)1Is the first lens focal length of the objective lens; f denotes a focal length of the entire lens group.
Preferably, the cemented lens composed of the objective lens second lens and the objective lens third lens satisfies the following expression:
-2＜f2/f＜-0.5
in the formula (f)2Is the cemented lens focal length; f denotes the focal length of the entire objective lens group.
Preferably, the third group of lenses formed by the fourth lens element of the objective lens and the fifth lens element of the objective lens is formed by a meniscus lens element and a biconvex positive lens element, and satisfies the following expression:
0.5＜f4/f＜1.5
in the formula (f)4Is the third group lens focal length; f denotes the focal length of the entire objective lens group.
Preferably, the sixth lens of the objective lens satisfies the following expression:
-1.5＜f6/f＜-0.5
in the formula (f)6Is the sixth lens focal length of the objective lens; f denotes a focal length of the entire lens group.
Preferably, no matter 4 groups of 5 sheets or 5 groups of 6 sheets are adopted, the spectral response wave band range of the objective lens is 550 nm-900 nm; the four groups of lenses are made of light environment-friendly materials.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the objective lens of the invention has a design field of view of 40 degrees (round field of view or diagonal), can meet the requirements of the head-wearing night vision device on image quality and field of view, reduces the weight of the system and the size of the system, and the objective lens optical system can be effectively applied to the head-wearing low-light level night vision device using the image intensifier.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the composition of an optical system of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is a graph of spherical aberration, curvature of field, and distortion, respectively, for example 1 from left to right.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the optical system of example 2.
Fig. 4 is a graph of spherical aberration, curvature of field, and distortion, respectively, for example 2 from left to right.
In the figure: s1 and S2 … S13 are the 1 st and 2 nd surfaces … and 13 th surfaces; in fig. 1, L1 and L2 … L5 are the first lens of the objective lens, the second lens … of the objective lens, the fifth lens of the objective lens, and L6 is the photocathode protection window of the image intensifier; in fig. 3, L1 and L2 … L6 are the first lens of the objective lens, the second lens … of the objective lens, and L7 is the photocathode protection window of the image intensifier.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, contents, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
The low-light-level night vision device is mainly used at night, and the use environment of the low-light-level night vision device is mainly at night, so that the light collection capability of a device, the light at night and the spectral characteristics of the device need to be considered when an objective optical system is designed. The embodiment of the invention is designed for an image intensifier with a cathode surface of phi 18mm, the focal length of the designed objective lens is 24.74mm, the viewing field is 40 degrees, the relative aperture is 1:1.2, the designed spectral response band is 550 nm-900 nm, and the total weight of the lens is not more than 17 g.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the objective optical system, which is composed of four groups of lenses along the optical axis from the incident light direction to the image plane, sequentially includes: the first group of lenses is the first lens of the objective lens with positive diopter, the second group of lenses is the cemented objective lens (the second lens of the objective lens and the third lens of the objective lens) with positive diopter, the third group of lenses is the fourth lens of the objective lens with positive diopter, and the fourth group of lenses is the fifth lens of the objective lens with negative diopter.
The diopter of the first lens of the objective lens is positive, the first lens is a meniscus positive lens, and the S2 surface is an aspheric surface, so that light rays can be effectively contracted, and the size of the objective lens is reduced.
The objective lens first lens satisfies the following expression:
1.5＜f1/f＜3.5
in the formula (f)1Is the focal length of the objective cemented lens; f denotes a focal length of the entire lens group.
The second group of lenses are objective cemented lenses, are composed of double convex positive lenses, namely objective lens second lenses, and double concave negative lenses, namely objective lens third lenses, and are designed by materials with different dispersion coefficients, so that chromatic aberration and spherical aberration are effectively reduced.
The objective cemented lens satisfies the following expression:
4＜f2/f＜6
in the formula (f)2Is the focal length of the objective cemented lens; f denotes a focal length of the entire lens group.
The third group lens, namely the fourth lens of the objective lens is a double-convex positive lens, and the surface S7 is an aspheric surface.
The objective lens fourth lens satisfies the following expression:
0.5＜f4/f＜1.5
in the formula (f)4Is the fourth lens focal length of the objective lens; f denotes a focal length of the entire lens group.
The fourth group of lenses, namely the fifth lens of the objective lens, is a meniscus negative lens, the surface S8 is an aspheric surface, and the lens is close to the image surface and has the function of a field lens to reduce the curvature of field.
The objective lens fifth lens satisfies the following expression:
-1.5＜f5/f＜-0.5
in the formula (f)5Is the fifth lens focal length of the objective lens; f denotes a focal length of the entire lens group.
In order to reduce weight, lightweight eco-glass materials are used for all materials. The total weight of the objective optic is no greater than 17 g.
Example 1 corresponds to a relative illuminance of 43% in the fringe field.
The total optical length of the objective optical system described in example 1 was 34.5 mm.
L6 in FIG. 1 is an image intensifier cathode plate protection window with a thickness of 5.6 mm.
Example 1 the design data is shown in tables 1 and 2.
FIG. 2 is an image quality evaluation analysis chart of example 1.
Table 1 example 1 design data sheet
The surface marked with the mark in the remarks is an aspheric surface, and the aspheric surface equation is as follows:
in formula (1): z is the arc height in the direction of the optical axis, and the vertex of the spherical surface is taken as the origin of coordinates; rho is the vertex curvature, rho is 1/r, and r is the radius; k is a quadratic constant; y is the distance between the position of the coordinate point and the top point of the spherical surface of the lens; A. b, C, D is the deformation coefficient of the corresponding order.
The aspheric data for example 1 is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 aspheric data sheet
The optical transfer function (MTF) of example 1 is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 optical transfer function (MTF)
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 3, the objective optical system, which is composed of four groups of lenses in sequence from the incident light direction to the image plane along the optical axis, includes: the first group of lenses consists of a first lens of an objective lens with positive diopter, the second group of lenses consists of a second lens of an objective lens cemented lens with negative diopter and a third lens of the objective lens, the third group of lenses consists of a fourth lens of an objective lens and a fifth lens of an objective lens which are two separate lenses, and the fourth group of lenses consists of a sixth lens of the objective lens with negative diopter.
The diopter of the first lens of the objective lens is positive, the first lens is a meniscus positive lens, the S1 surface is an aspheric surface, light rays can be effectively contracted, the size of the objective lens is reduced, aberration is improved, and the relative illumination of a marginal field of view is increased.
The first lens of the objective lens satisfies the following expression
0.5＜f1/f＜1.5
In the formula (f)1Is the first lens focal length of the objective lens; f denotes a focal length of the entire lens group.
The second group of lenses are objective cemented lenses, are composed of double convex positive lenses, namely objective lens second lenses, and double concave negative lenses, namely objective lens third lenses, and are designed by materials with different dispersion coefficients, so that chromatic aberration and spherical aberration are effectively reduced.
The objective cemented lens satisfies the following expression:
-2＜f2/f＜-0.5
in the formula (f)2Is the focal length of the objective cemented lens; f denotes the focal length of the entire objective lens group.
The third group of lenses consists of two separate lenses, the fourth lens of the objective lens is a meniscus negative lens, and the fifth lens of the objective lens is a biconvex positive lens. The third group of lenses satisfies the following expression:
0.5＜f4/f＜1.5
in the formula (f)4Is the third group lens focal length; f denotes the focal length of the entire objective lens group.
The fourth group of lenses, namely the sixth lens of the objective lens, is a meniscus negative lens with a concave surface facing the object space, and has the function of reducing the field curvature.
The objective lens sixth lens satisfies the following expression:
-1.5＜f6/f＜-0.5
in the formula (f)6Is the sixth lens focal length of the objective lens; f denotes a focal length of the entire lens group.
In order to reduce weight, lightweight eco-glass materials are used for all materials. The total weight of the objective optic is no greater than 17 g. The relative illuminance of the marginal field of view corresponding to example 2 is equal to or more than 58%.
The total optical length of the objective optical system described in example 2 was 34 mm.
L7 shown in FIG. 3 is an image intensifier cathode plate protection window with a thickness of 5.6 mm.
The data of example 2 is shown in Table 4.
FIG. 4 is an image quality evaluation analysis chart of example 2.
Table 4 data table of example 2
The remarks marked with the symbol x are aspheric surfaces, the aspheric surface formula is the same as formula (1), and the data table is shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 aspheric data sheet
The optical transfer function (MTF) of example 2 is shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 optical transfer function (MTF)
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. The utility model provides a lightweight objective optical system for shimmer night-time vision device which characterized in that comprises four groups of lenses along the optical axis from incident light direction to image plane, includes in proper order:
the first group of lenses are first objective lenses with positive diopter and aspheric surfaces;
the second group of lenses are cemented lenses and consist of a double-convex objective lens second lens with positive diopter and a double-concave objective lens third lens with negative diopter;
the third group of lenses is an objective lens fourth lens with positive diopter and an aspheric surface;
the fourth group of lenses is an objective lens fifth lens of a meniscus negative lens with a concave surface facing the object space.
2. The utility model provides a lightweight objective optical system for shimmer night-time vision device which characterized in that comprises four groups of lenses along the optical axis from incident light direction to image plane, includes in proper order:
the first group of lenses are first objective lenses with positive diopter and aspheric surfaces;
the second group of lenses are cemented lenses and consist of a double-convex objective lens second lens with positive diopter and a double-concave objective lens third lens with negative diopter;
the third group of lenses comprises two separated fourth objective lenses and a fifth objective lens, wherein the fourth objective lens is a meniscus negative lens, and the fifth objective lens is a double convex positive lens;
the fourth group of lenses comprises a sixth lens of the objective lens of a meniscus negative lens with the concave surface facing the object space.
3. An objective optical system as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the first lens of the objective lens is a meniscus aspheric positive lens, and the first lens of the objective lens satisfies the following formula:
0.5＜f1/f＜3.5
in the formula (f)1Is the cemented lens focal length; f denotes the focal length of the entire objective lens group.
4. An objective optical system as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the cemented lens composed of the objective lens second lens and the objective lens third lens satisfies the following expression:
4＜f2/f＜6
in the formula (f)2Is the cemented lens focal length; f denotes the focal length of the entire objective lens group.
5. An objective optical system as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the fourth lens of the objective lens is a biconvex aspheric positive lens, and the following expression is satisfied:
0.5＜f4/f＜1.5
in the formula (f)4Is the fourth lens focal length of the objective lens; f denotes the focal length of the entire objective lens group.
6. An objective optical system as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the fifth lens of the objective lens is a meniscus aspheric negative lens, and the fifth lens of the objective lens satisfies the following expression:
-1.5＜f5/f＜-0.5
in the formula (f)5Is the fifth lens focal length of the objective lens; f denotes a focal length of the entire lens group.
7. An objective optical system as recited in claim 2, wherein:
the objective lens first lens satisfies the following expression:
0.5＜f1/f＜1.5
in the formula (f)1Is the first lens focal length of the objective lens; f denotes a focal length of the entire lens group.
8. An objective optical system as recited in claim 2, wherein:
the cemented lens composed of the objective lens second lens and the objective lens third lens satisfies the following expression:
-2＜f2/f＜-0.5
in the formula (f)2Is the cemented lens focal length; f denotes the focal length of the entire objective lens group.
9. An objective optical system as recited in claim 2, wherein:
the third group of lenses consisting of the fourth lens and the fifth lens of the objective lens consists of a meniscus lens and a biconvex positive lens, and the following expressions are satisfied:
0.5＜f4/f＜1.5
in the formula (f)4Is the third group lens focal length; f denotes the focal length of the entire objective lens group.
10. An objective optical system as recited in claim 2, wherein:
the sixth lens of the objective lens satisfies the following expression:
-1.5＜f6/f＜-0.5
in the formula (f)6Is the sixth lens focal length of the objective lens; f denotes a focal length of the entire lens group.
11. An objective optical system as recited in claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the spectral response wave band range of the four groups of lenses is 550 nm-900 nm;
the four groups of lenses are made of light environment-friendly materials.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113687381A (en) * | 2021-08-08 | 2021-11-23 | 山东北方光学电子有限公司 | Apparatus and method for reflectively detecting a target |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113687381A (en) * | 2021-08-08 | 2021-11-23 | 山东北方光学电子有限公司 | Apparatus and method for reflectively detecting a target |
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