CN112858627A - 一种运用铀矿物稀土元素特征确定铀矿床成因的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于地质勘探技术领域,具体涉及一种运用铀矿物稀土元素特征确定铀矿床成因的方法。采集铀矿石样品;进行矿物鉴定,确定铀矿物类型或铀矿物分布特征并进行标记;进行铀矿物原位稀土元素分析,确定铀矿物原位的各种元素含量;确定铀矿床成因。本方法能够快速、准确的确定铀矿床成因类型,进而有效的指导找矿、勘查工作的开展,从而达到加快找矿速度、大大减少钻探工作量、提高找矿命中率、缩短勘探周期、降低勘探成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于地质勘探技术领域,具体涉及一种运用铀矿物稀土元素特征确 定铀矿床成因的方法。
背景技术
全球生态在进一步恶化,全球变暖仍旧威胁着人类的生存。要遏制气候变化, 需要更多的清洁、可靠能源。核能与其他能源相比,具有高能量、低成本的优 势,同时核电是一种清洁便利的能源,可以大量减少二氧化碳排放,发展核电 也是保护环境的一项重要举措。国际原子能机构(IAEA)2020年1月8日发布 的《核电:通往未来无碳之路》短片指出,当前核电为全球供应10%的电力, 到2050年,全球低碳电力在总发电量中的占比需达80%才能有效应对气候变化。 铀仍然是核燃料制备过程中不可缺少的原料,铀资源是发展核电的前提条件之 一。因而,加强铀资源勘查力度,落实新的勘查基地,是实现核电事业可持续发展的根本保障,开展铀矿床成因的深入研究,提高找矿评价效率和认识铀成 矿规律是当务之急。
铀矿床形成于各类地质环境中,包括深部岩浆到地表条件,成矿年龄范围从 太古代到近代。铀成矿时空的变化导致了铀矿床的极端多样性。目前,全球至 少发现了1800多个铀矿床,国际原子能机构(IAEA,2018年)划分了15种矿 床类型。然而,该分类并没有提供有意义的指标来理解铀矿床的形成,进而对 铀矿床进行成因类型的划分。矿床成因类型的划分有助于深入了解成矿过程、 理解矿床的形成机理、时空分布等,有助于指导找矿、勘查等工作。因此,矿 床成因类型的划分具有重要的理论及实际意义。
铀矿床中的铀主要以氧化物形式存在。铀氧化物受后期构造热事件的影响, 其化学成份极易改变,从而限制了铀、氧或铅同位素比值和铀-钍-铅年龄的准确 性,从而无法作为有效鉴别铀矿床类型的工具。稀土元素是一组原子结构相似、 离子半径相近,在自然界密切共生的元素。铀氧化物中稀土元素的分馏对氧化 还原变化不太敏感,每一种矿床类型具有其特殊的稀土元素特征,直接反映了 铀矿床的成因条件。同时,各种新型分析仪器的开发利用和分析测试技术方法 上的迅猛发展,如二次离子质谱微束(SIMS)分析技术、激光烧蚀电感耦合等 离子体质谱(LA-ICP MS)分析技术等,可以建立一个大型的、可靠的铀矿物原 位稀土元素组成数据库。因此,铀氧化物的稀土元素可以作为了解铀矿床形成 的有力工具,用于确定铀矿床成因。同时,运用铀矿物稀土元素特征结合同位 素特征可能会成为打击核贩运的一个新工具。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种运用铀矿物稀土元素特征确定铀矿床成因的方 法,能够快速、准确的确定铀矿床成因类型。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种运用铀矿物稀土元素特征确定铀矿床成因的方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1)采集铀矿石样品;
步骤2)进行矿物鉴定,确定铀矿物类型或铀矿物分布特征并进行标记;
步骤3)进行铀矿物原位稀土元素分析,确定铀矿物原位的各种元素含量;
步骤4)确定铀矿床成因。
所述的步骤1)中:选取两个不同铀矿床的铀矿作为样品,样品规格为2cm×5 cm×8cm或3cm×6cm×9cm;样品数量为1~3件。
所述的步骤2)中:制备光薄片,进行矿物鉴定,光薄片的厚度0.1-0.5mm。
所述的步骤3)中运用微束方法进行铀矿物原位稀土元素分析。
进行铀矿物原位的La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、 Yb和Lu十四种元素的含量分析。
所述的步骤4)为:将步骤3)中分析的铀矿物原位的稀土元素数据进行整 理,并将测量值进行球粒陨石标准化,之后再与不同成因铀矿物球粒陨石标准 化稀土元素模式图进行匹配,确定成因。
球粒陨石标准化数据如下表所示,
球粒陨石标准化数据表
本发明的显著效果如下:
本方法能够快速、准确的确定铀矿床成因类型,进而有效的指导找矿、勘 查工作的开展,从而达到加快找矿速度、大大减少钻探工作量、提高找矿命中 率、缩短勘探周期、降低勘探成本。
由于本方法直接运用铀矿物稀土元素特征确定铀矿床成因,因此本方法涵 盖面广、时效性好、适用性强、准确性高。对我国铀矿找矿具有重要的指导作 用,推广应用前景广阔。
由于本方法的基于对我国某铀矿床铀矿物样品实验数据的分析和处理,因 此能够简单、快捷、有效的确定矿床成因类型,为铀矿勘查策略的制定、成矿 预测提供技术支撑。
附图说明
图1为不同成因铀矿物球粒陨石标准化稀土元素模式图;
图2为本实施例中的样品进行球粒陨石标准化后的稀土元素模式图。
具体实施方式
下面通过附图及具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
步骤一,采集铀矿石样品;
通过对我国某铀成矿带地质考察,采取了两个铀矿床的铀矿是样品各1件 (样品编号为U-1和U-2)。
本实施例中,样品规格为2cm×5cm×8cm或3cm×6cm×9cm;样品数量为 1~3件。
步骤二,制备光薄片,进行矿物鉴定;
将铀矿石磨制成光薄片(厚度0.3mm)或者是适于光学显微镜观察的光片, 并进行了岩矿鉴定,即铀矿物类型或铀矿物分布特征并进行标记圈注铀矿物;
确定铀矿物类型或铀矿物分布特征并进行标记,准备下一步开展稀土元素 分析。
步骤三,开展铀矿物原位稀土元素分析;
对步骤二所制备好的样品运用微束方法(SIMS或LA-ICP MS)开展铀矿物 原位的La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb和Lu十 四种元素的含量分析。
本实施例中,运用的LA-ICP MS(激光剥蚀系统为NWR 193nm,ICP-MS 为Analytikjena PlasmaQuant MS Elite ICP-MS)同时分析完成铀矿物的稀土元素 组成。
分析数据见表1;
表1铀矿物稀土元素组成数据表
步骤四,数据处理,确定铀矿床成因。
将步骤三中分析的铀矿物原位的稀土元素数据进行整理,并将测量值进行 球粒陨石标准化,之后再与不同成因铀矿物球粒陨石标准化稀土元素模式图进 行匹配,确定成因。
进行球粒陨石标准化是为了数据更加直观,本实施例中球粒陨石标准化数 据如表2所示。
通过对大量已知成因类型铀矿床铀矿物稀土元素的分析发现,无论每种铀 矿床类型的年龄和地球动力学背景(形成环境)如何,每种铀矿床类型都明显 具有特定的球粒陨石标准化稀土模式图(图1)。铀氧化物中独特的稀土元素特 征与铀矿床类型、成矿过程和地质背景的变化直接相关。从而,运用铀矿物稀 土元素特征可以确定铀矿床成因。
表2球粒陨石标准化数据
本实施例中,球粒陨石标准化稀土元素模式图如图2所示,两个铀矿床中 铀矿物具有明显不同的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素模式图。
其中U-1样品具有侵入岩型铀矿床的铀矿物球粒陨石标准化稀土元素模式 图,U-2样品具有热液脉型铀矿床的铀矿物球粒陨石标准化稀土元素模式图。
因此从而说明该两个矿床分别为侵入岩型铀矿床和热液脉型铀矿床。
Claims (7)
1.一种运用铀矿物稀土元素特征确定铀矿床成因的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1)采集铀矿石样品;
步骤2)进行矿物鉴定,确定铀矿物类型或铀矿物分布特征并进行标记;
步骤3)进行铀矿物原位稀土元素分析,确定铀矿物原位的各种元素含量;
步骤4)确定铀矿床成因。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种运用铀矿物稀土元素特征确定铀矿床成因的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1)中:选取两个不同铀矿床的铀矿作为样品,样品规格为2cm×5cm×8cm或3cm×6cm×9cm;样品数量为1~3件。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种运用铀矿物稀土元素特征确定铀矿床成因的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤2)中:制备光薄片,进行矿物鉴定,光薄片的厚度0.1-0.5mm。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种运用铀矿物稀土元素特征确定铀矿床成因的方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤3)中运用微束方法进行铀矿物原位稀土元素分析。
5.如权利要求3所述的一种运用铀矿物稀土元素特征确定铀矿床成因的方法,其特征在于:进行铀矿物原位的La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb和Lu十四种元素的含量分析。
6.如权利要求3所述的一种运用铀矿物稀土元素特征确定铀矿床成因的方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤4)为:将步骤3)中分析的铀矿物原位的稀土元素数据进行整理,并将测量值进行球粒陨石标准化,之后再与不同成因铀矿物球粒陨石标准化稀土元素模式图进行匹配,确定成因。
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