CN112856472A - Comprehensive utilization system and method for flue gas waste heat of thermal power generating unit - Google Patents

Comprehensive utilization system and method for flue gas waste heat of thermal power generating unit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112856472A
CN112856472A CN202110347262.5A CN202110347262A CN112856472A CN 112856472 A CN112856472 A CN 112856472A CN 202110347262 A CN202110347262 A CN 202110347262A CN 112856472 A CN112856472 A CN 112856472A
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China
Prior art keywords
flue gas
low
pressure heater
heat exchanger
water
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CN202110347262.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张旭伟
白文刚
李红智
顾正萌
杨玉
乔永强
张天宇
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202110347262.5A priority Critical patent/CN112856472A/en
Publication of CN112856472A publication Critical patent/CN112856472A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0014Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from waste air or from vapors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Abstract

A comprehensive utilization system and a method for flue gas waste heat of a thermal power generating unit comprise a boiler, an air preheater, a low-temperature economizer, a fan heater, a first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger, a second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger and a heat regeneration system; the air preheater is connected with a low-temperature economizer, the first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger is connected with the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger, flue gas at the tail part of the boiler is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the air preheater, the other path is connected with the first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger, the low-temperature economizer is connected with the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger, the first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger is connected with a water supply pump, the first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger is connected with a No. 1 high-pressure heater, the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger is connected with a No. 8 low-pressure heater, the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger is connected with a No. 5 low-pressure; the invention can reduce the heat exchange temperature difference of the air preheater and realize the graded utilization of the waste heat of the flue gas.

Description

Comprehensive utilization system and method for flue gas waste heat of thermal power generating unit
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power generation, in particular to a comprehensive utilization system and method for flue gas waste heat of a thermal power generating unit.
Background
At present, coal-fired power generation is still the main power generation mode in China, the exhaust gas temperature of a boiler of a coal-fired unit is generally 120-150 ℃, and low-grade waste heat carried by the boiler is exhausted into the atmosphere under the normal condition, so that a large amount of energy loss is caused. If the waste heat of this part of exhaust fume of recycle can be utilized, the unit efficiency can be effectively improved, pollutant emission is reduced.
According to the traditional flue gas waste heat utilization mode, a low-temperature economizer is arranged behind an air preheater, and condensed water in a heat regenerative system is heated by utilizing flue gas waste heat, so that low-pressure steam extraction is expelled, the work of a steam turbine is increased, and the unit efficiency is improved. However, the temperature difference between the flue gas and the air in the air preheater is large, and the heat absorption and release curves of the flue gas and the air are poorly matched, so that the irreversible loss of the air preheater is large.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a comprehensive utilization system and a comprehensive utilization method for flue gas waste heat of a thermal power generating unit, which can reduce heat exchange temperature difference of an air preheater, realize quality-based and gradient utilization of the flue gas waste heat and improve the energy efficiency of the unit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a comprehensive utilization system for flue gas waste heat of a thermal power generating unit comprises a boiler 1, an air preheater 2, a low-temperature economizer 3, a fan heater 4, a first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 5, a second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 6 and a heat regeneration system;
the flue gas side outlet of the air preheater 2 is connected with the flue gas side inlet of the low-temperature economizer 3, the flue gas side outlet of the first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 5 is communicated with the flue gas side inlet of the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 6, the flue gas at the tail part of the boiler 1 is divided into two paths, one path of flue gas is connected with the flue gas side inlet of the air preheater 2, the other path of flue gas is connected with the flue gas side inlet of the first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 5, the flue gas side outlet of the low-temperature economizer 3 is communicated with the flue gas side outlet of the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 6, the water side inlet of the first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 5 is communicated with the outlet of the water-feeding pump 14, the water side outlet of the first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 5 is communicated with the outlet of the No. 1 high-pressure heater 17, the water, the No. 8 low-pressure heater 9 is communicated with a steam side inlet A of the air heater 4, and a steam side outlet B of the air heater 4 is communicated with an inlet B of the condenser 7;
the heat recovery system comprises a condenser 7, a condensate pump 8, a low-pressure heater 9, a low-pressure heater 7, a low-pressure heater 6, a low-pressure heater 11, a low-pressure heater 5, a deaerator 13, a water feed pump 14, a high-pressure heater 15, a high-pressure heater 2, a high-pressure heater 1 and a condenser 17 which are connected in sequence.
The tail part of the boiler 1 is arranged by adopting a separation flue.
The air preheater 2 and the low-temperature economizer 3 are sequentially arranged in the main flue along the flow direction of flue gas; the first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 5 and the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 6 are sequentially arranged in the bypass flue along the flow direction of flue gas.
The outlet of the air heater 4 is communicated with the air inlet of the low-temperature economizer 3, and part of the steam extracted and divided by the No. 8 low-pressure heater 9 enters the air heater 4 for heating cold air, and the cold air is discharged and cooled and then enters the condenser.
The temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the low-temperature economizer 3 is 90 ℃, the extraction temperature of the No. 8 low-pressure heater 9 is 85-95 ℃, and the temperature of the air at the outlet of the air heater 4 is about 55-65 ℃. The heat absorption and release curves of air and steam extraction are matched, the irreversible loss of heat exchange is reduced, and meanwhile, the heat exchange temperature difference is not large enough to enable the heat exchange surface to be overlarge.
The first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 5 heats the feed water of the No. 1 high-pressure heater 17, the No. 2 high-pressure heater 16 and the No. 3 high-pressure heater 15 by using the flue gas waste heat.
The second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 6 utilizes flue gas waste heat to heat condensed water of a No. 5 low-pressure heater 12, a No. 6 low-pressure heater 11 and a No. 7 high-low pressure heater 10.
An operation method of a comprehensive utilization system for flue gas waste heat of a thermal power generating unit is characterized in that flue gas at the tail part of a boiler 1 is divided into two parts: one stream of flue gas is sequentially released in an air preheater 2 and a low-temperature economizer 3 to heat air, the other stream of flue gas is firstly released in a first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 5 to heat feed water of a No. 1 high-pressure heater 17, a No. 2 high-pressure heater 16 and a No. 3 high-pressure heater 15, then released in a second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 6 to heat condensation water of a No. 5 low-pressure heater 12, a No. 6 low-pressure heater 11 and a No. 7 high-low pressure heater 10, and two streams of flue gas respectively discharged from the low-temperature economizer 3 and the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 6 are mixed and then enter a dust remover; and a part of the extracted steam of the No. 8 low-pressure heater 9 is branched and enters the air heater for preheating cold air, and the cold air enters the condenser 7 after being cooled by heat release.
The tail part of the boiler 1 is arranged by adopting a separation flue.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the flue of the air preheater is separated, and the low-temperature economizer and the flue gas-water heat exchanger are arranged, so that the quality-based graded utilization of air, feed water and condensed water on the flue gas waste heat is realized, the working capacity of the unit can be increased, and the generating efficiency of the unit is improved; meanwhile, the air heater and the low-temperature economizer improve the inlet air temperature of the air preheater by preheating cold air, so that the low-temperature corrosion of the air preheater can be relieved.
According to the invention, the air heater and the low-temperature economizer are arranged to preheat cold air by using low-grade steam extraction and flue gas respectively, so that the temperature of the inlet air of the air preheater is increased, on one hand, the low-temperature corrosion of the air preheater can be relieved, on the other hand, the heat exchange temperature difference of the air preheater can be reduced, and the irreversible loss is reduced;
the bypass flue is arranged to heat the feed water and the condensed water by using the waste heat of the flue gas, so that high-temperature steam extraction can be expelled to increase the work of the steam turbine, and the unit efficiency is improved; the invention realizes the graded utilization of the waste heat of the flue gas according to the quality, and can greatly improve the energy utilization rate, thereby effectively improving the power generation efficiency of the system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a comprehensive utilization system for flue gas waste heat of a thermal power generating unit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the comprehensive utilization system for the flue gas waste heat of the thermal power generating unit comprises a boiler 1, an air preheater 2, a low-temperature economizer 3, a fan heater 4, a first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 5, a second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 6 and a heat regenerative system, wherein a flue gas side outlet of the air preheater 2 is connected with a flue gas side inlet of the low-temperature economizer 3, a flue gas side outlet of the first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 5 is communicated with a flue gas side inlet of the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 6, a flue gas side inlet of the air preheater 2 is communicated with a flue gas side inlet of the first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 5, a flue gas side outlet of the low-temperature economizer 3 is communicated with a flue gas side outlet of the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 6, an outlet of a water feed pump 14 is communicated with a water side inlet of the first-stage flue, an outlet of the No. 8 low-pressure heater 9 is communicated with an inlet of a water side of the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 6, an outlet of a water side of the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 6 is communicated with an outlet of the No. 5 low-pressure heater 12, a steam extraction A of the No. 8 low-pressure heater 9 is communicated with an inlet A of a steam side of the air heater 4, and an outlet B of the steam side of the air heater 4 is communicated with an inlet B of the condenser 7;
the heat recovery system comprises a condenser 7, wherein an outlet of the condenser 7, an inlet and an outlet of a condensate pump 8, an inlet and an outlet of a low-pressure heater 9 No. 8, an inlet and an outlet of a low-pressure heater 10 No. 7, an inlet and an outlet of a low-pressure heater 11 No. 6, an inlet and an outlet of a low-pressure heater 12 No. 5, an inlet and an outlet of a deaerator 13, an inlet and an outlet of a feed pump 14, an inlet and an outlet of a high-pressure heater 15 No. 3, an inlet and.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the tail of the boiler 1 is arranged by adopting a separation flue, and the air preheater 2 and the low-temperature economizer 3 are sequentially arranged in a main flue along the flow direction of flue gas; the first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 5 and the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 6 are sequentially arranged in the bypass flue along the flow direction of flue gas.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the outlet of the air heater 4 is communicated with the air inlet of the low-temperature economizer 3, and part of the steam extracted and divided by the No. 8 low-pressure heater 9 enters the air heater 4 for heating cold air, and the cold air enters the condenser after releasing heat and cooling.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the low-temperature economizer 3 is 90 ℃, the extraction temperature of the No. 8 low-pressure heater 9 is 85-95 ℃, and the temperature of the air at the outlet of the air heater 4 is about 55-65 ℃.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 5 uses flue gas waste heat to heat the feed water of the high pressure heater No. 1 17, the high pressure heater No. 2 16 and the high pressure heater No. 3 15.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 6 uses flue gas waste heat to heat the condensed water of the low-pressure heater No. 5 12, the low-pressure heater No. 6 and the high-low pressure heater No. 7 10.
As shown in fig. 1, in an operation method of a comprehensive utilization system for flue gas waste heat of a thermal power generating unit, flue gas at the tail of a boiler 1 is divided into two parts: one stream of flue gas is sequentially released in an air preheater 2 and a low-temperature economizer 3 to heat air, the other stream of flue gas is firstly released in a first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 5 to heat feed water of a No. 1 high-pressure heater 17, a No. 2 high-pressure heater 16 and a No. 3 high-pressure heater 15, then released in a second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 6 to heat condensation water of a No. 5 low-pressure heater 12, a No. 6 low-pressure heater 11 and a No. 7 high-low pressure heater 10, and two streams of flue gas respectively discharged from the low-temperature economizer 3 and the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger 6 are mixed and then enter a dust remover; and a part of the extracted steam of the No. 8 low-pressure heater 9 is branched and enters the air heater for preheating cold air, and the cold air enters the condenser 7 after being cooled by heat release.

Claims (9)

1. The comprehensive utilization system of the flue gas waste heat of the thermal power generating unit is characterized by comprising a boiler (1), an air preheater (2), a low-temperature economizer (3), a fan heater (4), a first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger (5), a second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger (6) and a heat regenerative system;
the flue gas side outlet of the air preheater (2) is connected with the flue gas side inlet of the low-temperature economizer (3), the flue gas side outlet of the first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger (5) is communicated with the flue gas side inlet of the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger (6), the flue gas at the tail part of the boiler (1) is divided into two paths, one path of flue gas is connected with the flue gas side inlet of the air preheater (2), the other path of flue gas is connected with the flue gas side inlet of the first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger (5), the flue gas side outlet of the low-temperature economizer (3) is communicated with the flue gas side outlet of the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger (6), the water side inlet of the first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger (5) is communicated with the outlet of a water feeding pump (14), the water side outlet of the first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger (5) is communicated with the outlet of a No., the water side outlet of the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger (6) is communicated with the outlet of a No. 5 low-pressure heater (12), the steam extraction A of a No. 8 low-pressure heater (9) is communicated with the steam side inlet A of the air heater (4), and the steam side outlet B of the air heater (4) is communicated with the inlet B of the condenser (7);
the heat recovery system comprises a condenser (7), a condensate pump (8), a low-pressure heater (9) No. 8, a low-pressure heater (10) No. 7, a low-pressure heater (11) No. 6, a low-pressure heater (12) No. 5, a deaerator (13), a water feeding pump (14), a high-pressure heater (15) No. 3, a high-pressure heater (16) No. 2 and a high-pressure heater (17) No. 1 which are connected in sequence.
2. The comprehensive utilization system of the flue gas waste heat of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 1, characterized in that a separation flue is arranged at the tail of the boiler (1).
3. The system for comprehensively utilizing the waste heat of the flue gas of the thermal power generating unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air preheater (2) and the low-temperature economizer (3) are sequentially arranged in the main flue along the flow direction of the flue gas; the first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger (5) and the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger (6) are sequentially arranged in the bypass flue along the flow direction of flue gas.
4. The comprehensive utilization system of the flue gas waste heat of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 1, wherein an outlet of the air heater (4) is communicated with an air inlet of the low-temperature economizer (3), a part of steam extracted and branched by the No. 8 low-pressure heater (9) enters the air heater (4) for heating cold air, and the heat released and cooled air enters the condenser.
5. The comprehensive utilization system for the flue gas waste heat of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the low-temperature economizer (3) is 90 ℃, the extraction temperature of the No. 8 low-pressure heater (9) is 85-95 ℃, and the temperature of the air at the outlet of the heater (4) is 55-65 ℃.
6. The thermal power generating unit flue gas waste heat comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, wherein the first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger (5) utilizes flue gas waste heat to heat feed water of the No. 1 high-pressure heater (17), the No. 2 high-pressure heater (16) and the No. 3 high-pressure heater (15).
7. The comprehensive utilization system of the flue gas waste heat of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 1, wherein the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger (6) utilizes the flue gas waste heat to heat the condensed water of the No. 5 low-pressure heater (12), the No. 6 low-pressure heater (11) and the No. 7 high-low pressure heater (10).
8. The operation method of the thermal power generating unit flue gas waste heat comprehensive utilization system based on claim 1 is characterized in that the flue gas at the tail of the boiler (1) is divided into two parts: one stream of flue gas is sequentially released in an air preheater (2) and a low-temperature economizer (3) and used for heating air, the other stream of flue gas is firstly released in a first-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger (5) and used for heating feed water of a No. 1 high-pressure heater (17), a No. 2 high-pressure heater (16) and a No. 3 high-pressure heater (15), then the other stream of flue gas is released in a second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger (6) and used for heating condensed water of a No. 5 low-pressure heater (12), a No. 6 low-pressure heater (11) and a No. 7 high-low-pressure heater (10), and two streams of flue gas respectively discharged from the low-temperature economizer (3) and the second-stage flue gas-water heat exchanger (6) are; a part of the extracted steam of the No. 8 low-pressure heater (9) enters a fan heater for preheating cold air, and the extracted steam enters a condenser (7) after being cooled.
9. The operation method of the thermal power generating unit flue gas waste heat comprehensive utilization system according to claim 8, wherein the tail of the boiler (1) is arranged by adopting a separation flue.
CN202110347262.5A 2021-03-31 2021-03-31 Comprehensive utilization system and method for flue gas waste heat of thermal power generating unit Pending CN112856472A (en)

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CN202110347262.5A CN112856472A (en) 2021-03-31 2021-03-31 Comprehensive utilization system and method for flue gas waste heat of thermal power generating unit

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110347262.5A CN112856472A (en) 2021-03-31 2021-03-31 Comprehensive utilization system and method for flue gas waste heat of thermal power generating unit

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113280508A (en) * 2021-06-22 2021-08-20 西安热工研究院有限公司 System and method for determining optimal inlet air temperature of thermal power generating unit with air heater

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113280508A (en) * 2021-06-22 2021-08-20 西安热工研究院有限公司 System and method for determining optimal inlet air temperature of thermal power generating unit with air heater
CN113280508B (en) * 2021-06-22 2022-05-03 西安热工研究院有限公司 System and method for determining optimal inlet air temperature of thermal power generating unit with air heater

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