CN112856397A - Coal feeding control method of circulating fluidized bed boiler - Google Patents
Coal feeding control method of circulating fluidized bed boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN112856397A CN112856397A CN202110055740.5A CN202110055740A CN112856397A CN 112856397 A CN112856397 A CN 112856397A CN 202110055740 A CN202110055740 A CN 202110055740A CN 112856397 A CN112856397 A CN 112856397A
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- circulating fluidized
- fluidized bed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/22—Fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/28—Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed, combustion apparatus
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The application discloses a coal feeding control method of a circulating fluidized bed boiler. The method comprises the following steps: selecting ignition coal of a circulating fluidized bed boiler to be started, wherein the sulfur element content of the ignition coal is smaller than a preset threshold, the calorific value of the ignition coal is larger than a second preset threshold, and the ash content of the ignition coal is larger than a third preset threshold; heating by using an ignition device on a bed in the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and after the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is heated to the coal feeding temperature, feeding ignition coal with preset weight into the circulating fluidized bed boiler in a pulse coal feeding mode; igniting after the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is heated to the ignition temperature, and putting the pulverized coal into the circulating fluidized bed boiler by adopting a continuous coal feeding mode. In the ignition starting process of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, because the ignition coal has low sulfur content, high heat content and high ash content and is fed in a pulse coal feeding mode, the coal feeding process can be controlled more accurately, and the excessive discharge of pollutant gas is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of pollution gas emission control, in particular to a coal feeding control method of a circulating fluidized bed boiler.
Background
In industrial production, coal-fired power generation, and the like, thermal energy can be supplied by burning coal in a circulating fluidized bed boiler, which generally produces polluting gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and the like, when burning coal. Particularly, in the process of starting the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the coal feeding process is difficult to accurately control, so that excessive discharge of pollutant gas is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a method and a device for controlling nitrogen oxides in a variable load process and a coal combustion system, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art.
The embodiment of the application provides a coal feeding control method of a circulating fluidized bed boiler, which comprises the following steps:
selecting ignition coal of a circulating fluidized bed boiler to be started, wherein the sulfur element content of the ignition coal is smaller than a preset threshold, the calorific value of the ignition coal is larger than a second preset threshold, and the ash content of the ignition coal is larger than a third preset threshold;
heating by using an ignition device on the bed in the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and after the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is heated to a coal feeding temperature, feeding ignition coal with a preset weight into the circulating fluidized bed boiler in a pulse coal feeding mode;
igniting after the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is heated to an ignition temperature, and feeding pulverized coal into the circulating fluidized bed boiler in a continuous coal feeding manner.
Preferably, the coal feeding temperature specifically comprises 550-650 ℃; and the number of the first and second groups,
the ignition temperature specifically comprises 700-800 ℃.
Preferably, in the process of feeding pulverized coal into the circulating fluidized bed boiler by means of continuous coal feeding, the method further comprises:
controlling the rising rate of the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler to be less than 20 ℃ per minute; and the number of the first and second groups,
and controlling the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler to be less than or equal to the highest operation temperature.
Preferably, before heating with the on-bed ignition device in the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the method further comprises:
adding bed material to the circulating fluidized bed boiler; in the bed material, the mass ratio of particles with the particle diameter of 0.2 mm-1 mm is more than or equal to 70 percent.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
controlling the primary fluidization air quantity of the circulating fluidized bed boiler to be less than or equal to 10 ten thousand standard cubic meters, and controlling the critical fluidization air quantity to be less than or equal to 9 ten thousand standard cubic meters; and the number of the first and second groups,
the outlet pressure of the hearth is adjusted to be less than or equal to 50Pa by controlling the induced draft fan.
Preferably, in the charging of a predetermined weight of ignition coal into the circulating fluidized bed boiler by means of pulse coal feeding, the method further comprises: and adding a desulfurizing agent into the circulating fluidized bed boiler.
Preferably, the method further comprises: and controlling the circulating fluidized bed boiler to stop running by adopting a slip parameter shutdown mode.
Preferably, during the shutdown control of the circulating fluidized bed boiler by means of a slip parameter shutdown, the method further comprises: and controlling the falling rate of the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler to be less than or equal to 5 ℃ per minute.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
controlling the bed pressure of the circulating fluidized bed boiler to be less than or equal to 12 KPa; and the number of the first and second groups,
the primary fluidization air quantity and the opening degree of a secondary air door are reduced.
Preferably, after the operation of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is controlled to be stopped by adopting a slip parameter shutdown mode, the method further comprises the following steps:
the primary fluidization air quantity and the opening degree of a secondary air door are increased.
The embodiment of the application adopts at least one technical scheme which can achieve the following beneficial effects:
by adopting the coal feeding control method of the circulating fluidized bed boiler provided by the embodiment of the application, because the sulfur element content of the selected coal for ignition is smaller than the preset threshold, the calorific value is larger than the second preset threshold, and the ash content is larger than the third preset threshold, and after the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is heated to the coal feeding temperature, the coal for ignition with the preset weight is fed into the circulating fluidized bed boiler in a pulse coal feeding mode. Therefore, in the ignition starting process of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, on one hand, the low sulfur content and the high heat and the high ash content of the ignition coal are adopted, and on the other hand, the coal is fed in a pulse coal feeding mode, so that the coal feeding process can be controlled more accurately, and the excessive discharge of pollutant gas is reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for controlling coal feeding in a circulating fluidized bed boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown above, during the start-up operation of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, it is difficult to precisely control the coal feeding process, which easily causes excessive discharge of the polluting gas.
Based on this, the present application provides a coal feeding control method of a circulating fluidized bed boiler, which can be used to solve the above technical problems. Fig. 1 shows a specific flow diagram of the coal feeding control method, which includes the following steps:
step S11: selecting the ignition coal of the circulating fluidized bed boiler to be started.
Because the circulating fluidized bed boiler is difficult to accurately control the coal amount in the starting process, the coal type with low sulfur element content and high heat productivity can be selected as much as possible for the coal for ignition, and in the starting process, a certain amount of fly ash needs to be generated to be used as a heat conduction medium, so that the subsequent coal powder is uniformly heated, and the coal type with relatively high ash content can be selected for the coal for ignition.
Generally speaking, in practical applications, a preset threshold may be determined in advance through calculation according to actual needs, for example, according to national regulations on emission standards of pollutant gases such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, and a coal type with a sulfur element mass content less than the preset threshold is selected as the coal for ignition, and in practical applications, the preset threshold may be generally 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, and the like; a second preset threshold may also be predetermined, and the calorific value of the coal as the ignition coal needs to be greater than the second preset threshold, where the second preset threshold may generally range from 3500Kcal/Kg to 4500Kcal/Kg, such as 3500Kcal/Kg, 4000Kcal/Kg, 4300Kcal/Kg, 4500Kcal/Kg, and the like; the third preset threshold may be predetermined as needed, and the ash content of the coal type as the ignition coal needs to be larger than the third preset threshold, and the third preset threshold may be generally in a range of 15% to 25%, for example, 15%, 18%, 21%, 25%. Therefore, the sulfur content of the ignition coal is smaller than the preset threshold, the heat productivity is larger than the second preset threshold, and the ash content is larger than the third preset threshold, so that the discharge amount of pollutant gas can be reduced in the ignition process, and due to more fly ash, subsequent pulverized coal can be uniformly heated.
Step S12: the method comprises the steps of heating by using an ignition device on a bed in the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and feeding ignition coal with preset weight into the circulating fluidized bed boiler in a pulse coal feeding mode after the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is heated to a coal feeding temperature.
In circulating fluidized bed boilers, it is common to include an on-bed ignition device with which the furnace of the circulating fluidized bed boiler can be heated and the bed temperature monitored by a temperature sensor. After the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is monitored to be heated to the coal feeding temperature, a preset weight of ignition coal can be fed into the circulating fluidized bed boiler in a pulse coal feeding mode. In the pulsed coal feeding, the ignition coal may be generally divided into a plurality of batches, for example, divided into a plurality of batches on average or approximately on average, so as to be fed in batches. For the period of each batch, for example, one batch may be released every minute, one batch may be released every five minutes, one batch may be released every 10 minutes, etc., or the release may be performed in other periods.
In addition, the preset weight can be generally determined according to specific rated parameters of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, for example, when the rated parameters are larger, the preset weight can also be relatively larger, and when the rated parameters are smaller, the preset weight can also be relatively smaller. For example, the preset weight may be 5 tons, 10 tons, 15 tons, 18 tons, etc.
For example, 10 tons of coal for ignition may be divided into a plurality of batches, and thus, one batch is charged per minute and charged into the circulating fluidized bed boiler.
In addition, the coal feeding temperature generally needs to be determined according to actual conditions, and may be generally 550 degrees celsius to 650 degrees celsius, such as 550 degrees celsius, 570 degrees celsius, 600 degrees celsius, 630 degrees celsius, 650 degrees celsius, or other temperatures between 550 degrees celsius and 650 degrees celsius.
Of course, the pulsed coal feeding mode can be manually put, for example, every 10 minutes in a division manner; it is also possible to use an automated method, for example, using a pulsed coal feeder with one throw per minute.
Step S13: igniting after the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is heated to the ignition temperature, and putting the pulverized coal into the circulating fluidized bed boiler by adopting a continuous coal feeding mode.
In the process of pulse coal feeding, bed temperature entry can be continuously monitored through a temperature sensor, after the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is monitored to be heated to the ignition temperature, ignition can be carried out by using an ignition device on the bed, and the mode of pulse coal feeding is replaced by the mode of continuous coal feeding. Of course, the pulverized coal fed into the circulating fluidized bed boiler in the continuous coal feeding mode can also be ignition coal within a certain time after ignition, so that the discharge amount of pollutant gas is reduced, and the pulverized coal can be fed by other coal types after the combustion process of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is stabilized.
Typically, the ignition temperature is greater than the above coal feeding temperature, for example, the ignition temperature may be 700 to 800 degrees celsius, such as 700, 730, 750, 780, 800 degrees celsius, or other temperatures between 700 and 800 degrees celsius.
By adopting the coal feeding control method of the circulating fluidized bed boiler provided by the embodiment of the application, because the sulfur element content of the selected coal for ignition is smaller than the preset threshold, the calorific value is larger than the second preset threshold, and the ash content is larger than the third preset threshold, and after the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is heated to the coal feeding temperature, the coal for ignition with the preset weight is fed into the circulating fluidized bed boiler in a pulse coal feeding mode. Therefore, in the ignition starting process of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, on one hand, the low sulfur content and the high heat and the high ash content of the ignition coal are adopted, and on the other hand, the coal is fed in a pulse coal feeding mode, so that the coal feeding process can be controlled more accurately, and the excessive discharge of pollutant gas is reduced.
It should be noted that, before the on-bed ignition device in the circulating fluidized bed boiler is used for heating, bed materials, which can be sand, slag or the like, can be added into the circulating fluidized bed boiler, so that the subsequently input ignition coal is heated more uniformly. The mass proportion of the particles with the particle size of 0.2 mm-1 mm in the bed material is more than or equal to 70 percent, so that the particle size of most particles is between 0.2 mm-1 mm, and the smaller particle size can further ensure that the ignition coal is uniformly heated.
For the primary fluidization air volume of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the primary fluidization air volume can be controlled to be less than or equal to 10 ten thousand standard cubic meters, and the critical fluidization air volume can also be controlled to be less than or equal to 9 ten thousand standard cubic meters. The pressure of the outlet of the hearth is adjusted by controlling the induced draft fan to be less than or equal to 50 Pa.
In addition, in step S13, during the process of feeding the pulverized coal into the circulating fluidized bed boiler by continuous coal feeding, the rising rate of the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler may be controlled to be less than 20 degrees celsius per minute, and the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler may be controlled to be less than or equal to the maximum operating temperature, which may be 920 degrees celsius, for example, in practical applications. For example, in the continuous coal feeding process, the bed temperature is controlled to rise at a rate of 15 ℃ per minute to about 850 ℃ and then to be kept stable. This enables the temperature to be raised at a relatively small rate for a period of time after ignition, thereby maintaining the temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler relatively stable and avoiding a large discharge of polluting gases due to rapid combustion of coal when the temperature rises too fast in the initial start-up phase.
Of course, in order to further reduce the emission of pollutant gas, step S12 may further include feeding a furnace desulfurizing agent, which may be limestone, into the circulating fluidized bed boiler during the feeding of the ignition coal with a predetermined weight into the circulating fluidized bed boiler by means of pulse feeding. For example, limestone can be charged into the circulating fluidized bed boiler by using the limestone conveying system, and the amount of limestone charged is generally determined according to the amount of ignition coal charged because it is mainly used for in-furnace desulfurization of the ignition coal.
Of course, after the ignition in step S13, since the pulverized coal is fed into the circulating fluidized bed boiler by continuous feeding, the amount of limestone can be increased accordingly, which not only satisfies the requirement of desulfurization reaction, but also increases the amount of circulating ash and controls the bed temperature of the boiler.
It is further noted that, when the above-mentioned circulating fluidized bed boiler needs to be stopped, excessive discharge of the polluting gas may be caused due to non-uniform distribution of bed temperature during the stop of the circulating fluidized bed boiler. In order to solve the problem, in the process of stopping the operation of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the embodiment of the application can also control the stopping of the circulating fluidized bed boiler in a sliding parameter stopping manner. The method adopts a slip parameter shutdown mode to control the circulating fluidized bed boiler to stop running, so that the adjustment of the running parameters is relatively smooth, and the uneven bed temperature distribution caused by overlarge parameter change amplitude can be reduced in the process, thereby reducing the emission of pollutant gas.
In addition, in the process of controlling the operation stop of the circulating fluidized bed boiler by adopting the slip parameter shutdown mode, the falling rate of the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler can be generally controlled to be less than or equal to 5 degrees centigrade per minute, such as 3 degrees centigrade per minute, 1 degree centigrade per minute, and the like. And controlling the bed pressure of the circulating fluidized bed boiler to be less than or equal to 12KPa, and reducing the primary fluidizing air quantity and the opening degree of the secondary dampers, for example, reducing the primary fluidizing air quantity to be not more than 13 ten thousand standard cubic meters, and reducing the opening degree of each secondary damper to be not more than 20%, or shutting down part (e.g., shutting down one or several) of the secondary blowers. Of course, the tail oxygen amount of the circulating fluidized bed boiler can be controlled to be kept within 12 percent, so that the discharge amount of pollutant gas is reduced.
In the circulating fluidized bed boiler, a plurality of coal feeding bins are usually included, for example, in steps S12 and S13, coal can be fed through the coal feeding bins, during the process of controlling the operation stop of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the coal levels of the coal feeding bins can be controlled to be substantially consistent, then the operation stop of the circulating fluidized bed boiler can be controlled by adopting a sliding parameter shutdown mode, and in the process, the coal feeding machine can be adjusted according to the coal levels of the coal feeding bins, so that the coal feeding machine is cut off as soon as possible.
In addition, after the circulating fluidized bed boiler is controlled to stop running by adopting a slip parameter shutdown mode, the primary fluidized air quantity and the secondary air door opening degree can be properly increased, so that the fuel in the circulating fluidized bed boiler can be burnt out as soon as possible.
It is to be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method of controlling coal feed to a circulating fluidized bed boiler, comprising:
selecting ignition coal of a circulating fluidized bed boiler to be started, wherein the sulfur element content of the ignition coal is smaller than a preset threshold, the calorific value of the ignition coal is larger than a second preset threshold, and the ash content of the ignition coal is larger than a third preset threshold;
heating by using an ignition device on the bed in the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and after the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is heated to a coal feeding temperature, feeding ignition coal with a preset weight into the circulating fluidized bed boiler in a pulse coal feeding mode;
igniting after the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is heated to an ignition temperature, and feeding pulverized coal into the circulating fluidized bed boiler in a continuous coal feeding manner.
2. The coal feeding control method according to claim 1, wherein the coal feeding temperature specifically includes 550 ℃ to 650 ℃; and the number of the first and second groups,
the ignition temperature specifically comprises 700-800 ℃.
3. The coal feed control method according to claim 1, wherein in feeding pulverized coal into the circulating fluidized bed boiler by continuous coal feeding, the method further comprises:
controlling the rising rate of the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler to be less than 20 ℃ per minute; and the number of the first and second groups,
and controlling the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler to be less than or equal to the highest operation temperature.
4. The coal feed control method of claim 1, wherein prior to heating with the on-bed ignition device in the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the method further comprises:
adding bed material to the circulating fluidized bed boiler; in the bed material, the mass ratio of particles with the particle diameter of 0.2 mm-1 mm is more than or equal to 70 percent.
5. The coal feed control method of claim 4, further comprising:
controlling the primary fluidization air quantity of the circulating fluidized bed boiler to be less than or equal to 10 ten thousand standard cubic meters, and controlling the critical fluidization air quantity to be less than or equal to 9 ten thousand standard cubic meters; and the number of the first and second groups,
the outlet pressure of the hearth is adjusted to be less than or equal to 50Pa by controlling the induced draft fan.
6. The coal feed control method according to claim 1, wherein in charging a preset weight of ignition coal into the circulating fluidized bed boiler by means of pulse coal feed, the method further comprises: and adding a desulfurizing agent into the circulating fluidized bed boiler.
7. The coal feed control method of claim 1, further comprising: and controlling the circulating fluidized bed boiler to stop running by adopting a slip parameter shutdown mode.
8. The coal feed control method of claim 7, wherein during the shutdown of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is controlled by a slip parameter shutdown, the method further comprises: and controlling the falling rate of the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized bed boiler to be less than or equal to 5 ℃ per minute.
9. The coal feed control method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the method further comprises:
controlling the bed pressure of the circulating fluidized bed boiler to be less than or equal to 12 KPa; and the number of the first and second groups,
the primary fluidization air quantity and the opening degree of a secondary air door are reduced.
10. The coal feeding control method of claim 9, wherein after controlling the circulating fluidized bed boiler to stop operating in a slip parameter shutdown manner, the method further comprises:
the primary fluidization air quantity and the opening degree of a secondary air door are increased.
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| CN202110055740.5A CN112856397A (en) | 2021-01-15 | 2021-01-15 | Coal feeding control method of circulating fluidized bed boiler |
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| CN109140431A (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2019-01-04 | 百色百矿发电有限公司 | A kind of ignition method of circulating fluidized bed boiler |
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2021
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| JPS58102008A (en) * | 1981-12-11 | 1983-06-17 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | Starting of fluidized bed boiler |
| JPS61184325A (en) * | 1985-02-08 | 1986-08-18 | Nippon Steel Corp | Coal feeding in coal feeding system for boiler |
| CN109140431A (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2019-01-04 | 百色百矿发电有限公司 | A kind of ignition method of circulating fluidized bed boiler |
| CN110454765A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-15 | 张选 | The method that Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers depth sliding parameter is stopped transport |
| CN110848670A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-02-28 | 大唐鸡西第二热电有限公司 | Novel ignition mode application of 300MW circulating fluidized bed boiler |
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Application publication date: 20210528 |