CN112853129A - Short-process preparation method of aluminum-titanium-containing alloy - Google Patents
Short-process preparation method of aluminum-titanium-containing alloy Download PDFInfo
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/20—Arc remelting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/22—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation
- C22B9/228—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation by particle radiation, e.g. electron beams
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a short-process preparation method of an aluminum-titanium-containing alloy. Common sponge titanium or titanium-based sponge alloy (prepared by alloying titanium, aluminum, tin, molybdenum and the like, alloying titanium and elements of aluminum, tin, zirconium, molybdenum and the like, and combining the alloying elements in one technological process) is taken as a raw material, and a titanium alloy ingot casting with low cost and high quality is obtained by one-step smelting and casting by adopting an electron beam or plasma or induction or vacuum consumable arc smelting technology. The raw material cost is low, the material preparation process of multi-component alloy elements required by the traditional process is cancelled, the repeated remelting casting (casting for 2-4 times) process of the titanium alloy ingot is cancelled, the process is simplified, the flow is shortened, the casting cost is reduced, and the casting efficiency is improved. Because the times of high-temperature and high-vacuum casting are reduced by about 70 percent, the oxidation and volatilization losses of aluminum, tin, manganese and the like are greatly reduced, the alloy components are easier to control, and the quality of cast ingots is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to smelting of titanium and titanium alloy, belongs to the technical field of non-ferrous metal casting and processing, and particularly relates to a short-process preparation method of an aluminum-containing titanium alloy.
Background
Although titanium alloy has the advantages of light weight, high strength, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, no magnetism, good biocompatibility and the like, the application of titanium and titanium alloy is still mainly limited to the fields of aerospace, military ships and special chemical corrosion resistance, and the main obstacle influencing the wide application of titanium alloy is still cost. High raw material cost and high processing cost are the keys for restricting the wide application of the titanium alloy.
At present, titanium sponge, electrolytic aluminum ingots and the like are used as raw materials for smelting in a vacuum consumable arc furnace, a plasma furnace or a vacuum electron beam furnace, and a large amount of capital is invested to purchase a special electrode preparation device, special smelting equipment and inert gas recovery equipment. And 2-4 times of remelting and casting are usually carried out to obtain qualified cast ingots, so that the smelting energy consumption is extremely high, and the production efficiency is extremely low. The smelting temperature of the titanium-aluminum alloy is usually 4800-. After the alloy is repeatedly smelted, high-aluminum defect areas and low-aluminum defect areas still exist in the structure, and the performance of the final product is seriously influenced due to the uneven alloy composition and structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a short-process preparation method of an aluminum-titanium-containing alloy aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The above purpose is realized by the following scheme:
the technical route of the invention is as follows: common titanium sponge, aluminum-containing titanium sponge, molybdenum-containing titanium sponge, zirconium-containing titanium sponge, vanadium-containing titanium sponge, tin-containing titanium sponge, manganese-containing titanium sponge, chromium-containing titanium sponge, silicon-containing titanium sponge, niobium-containing titanium sponge, tantalum-containing titanium sponge and the like (the titanium-containing titanium sponge prepared by a titanium metallurgy process and containing alloy elements are collectively called titanium-based sponge alloy, and the like) are used as raw materials, and primary smelting and casting are carried out by adopting an electron beam cold hearth smelting technology, a plasma cold hearth smelting technology, a water-cooled crucible medium-frequency induction smelting technology or a vacuum consumable arc smelting technology to obtain a low-cost and high-quality titanium alloy cast ingot. The ingot casting has the characteristics that: firstly, the raw material cost is low, and the titanium metallurgy process is directly used for smelting the raw material into the spongy alloy which has uniform components and consists of titanium and alloy elements in one step. The content of the alloy elements in the sponge alloy can be prepared according to the process requirements. Secondly, the casting process flow is short, the production cost is low, qualified high-quality ingots are obtained by primary electron beam cold bed furnace smelting, plasma cold bed furnace smelting, water-cooled crucible medium-frequency induction smelting or vacuum consumable arc smelting, the multi-pass repeated remelting casting operation of the traditional process is cancelled, the operation is greatly simplified, the casting process production cost is reduced, and the casting process production efficiency is improved.
A short-process preparation method of an aluminum-titanium-containing alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method takes aluminum-containing titanium sponge, molybdenum-containing titanium sponge, zirconium-containing titanium sponge, vanadium-containing titanium sponge, tin-containing titanium sponge, manganese-containing titanium sponge, chromium-containing titanium sponge, silicon-containing titanium sponge, niobium-containing titanium sponge, tantalum-containing titanium sponge and the like (the titanium-containing titanium sponge prepared by a titanium metallurgy process and containing alloy elements are collectively called titanium-based sponge alloy, and the same is used below) as raw materials. The titanium-based sponge alloy is prepared by combining three process procedures of alloying elements such as aluminum metallurgy, tin metallurgy, molybdenum metallurgy, zirconium metallurgy, vanadium metallurgy, niobium metallurgy, tantalum metallurgy, manganese metallurgy, silicon metallurgy and the like, titanium metallurgy, aluminum, tin, zirconium, molybdenum and the like with titanium in one process procedure. Or titanium-based sponge alloy is prepared by refining titanium tetrachloride and carrying out thermal reduction on magnesium-aluminum alloy, magnesium-tin alloy, magnesium-zirconium alloy, magnesium-silicon alloy and the like, and then distilling. The prepared titanium-based sponge alloy has the characteristics of short process flow and uniform chemical components, and the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced.
According to the above method, it is characterized in that: the method takes the titanium-based sponge alloy as a raw material, can simplify the subsequent titanium alloy smelting preparation process, cancels the material preparation process of multi-component alloy elements required by the traditional process, cancels the repeated remelting casting (casting for 2-4 times) process of titanium alloy ingots, can obtain high-quality alloy ingots by one-time casting, and greatly improves the production efficiency of the casting process.
According to the above method, it is characterized in that: when the titanium alloy is smelted by the traditional process, the titanium alloy needs to be smelted repeatedly under the conditions of high temperature and high vacuum, the smelting temperature is up to 4700-. When titanium-based sponge alloy is adopted to cast alloy elements which contain tin, aluminum, manganese and the like, have low melting points and are easy to oxidize and burn, because the alloying process of titanium, aluminum, tin and manganese does not exist, and the casting times of high temperature and high vacuum are reduced by nearly 70 percent, the oxidation and volatilization losses of aluminum, tin, manganese and the like can be greatly reduced, the usage amount of the alloy elements is reduced, and the cost of raw materials is saved. The alloy components are easier to control, and the ingot casting quality is greatly improved.
According to the above method, it is characterized in that: when the method is adopted to cast the aluminum-titanium alloy-containing ingot, the selection principle of the casting process route is as follows:
the method comprises the following two processes of casting ingot blanks for special purposes such as aviation titanium materials and heat-resistant alloys:
firstly, a primary cast ingot is obtained by casting through an electron beam cold bed smelting technology or a plasma cold bed smelting technology, a secondary cast ingot is obtained by casting through a vacuum consumable electro-arc furnace, and the secondary cast ingot is used as a finished cast ingot.
And secondly, casting by using an electron beam cold bed smelting or plasma cold bed smelting technology to obtain a primary cast ingot, casting by using a water-cooled copper crucible vacuum induction smelting furnace to obtain a secondary cast ingot, and taking the secondary cast ingot as a finished cast ingot.
Under the condition that the content of alloy elements of the titanium-based sponge alloy is not high and the chemical components of the titanium-based sponge alloy are uniform, a primary cold hearth smelting ingot can be used as a finished product ingot (the cold hearth smelting needs to be carried out twice or more times for heat preservation, refining and impurity removal), a secondary remelting smelting process is omitted, the production process is simplified, and the production cost is further reduced.
And secondly, when casting the aluminum-titanium-alloy-containing ingot for other purposes, the cast ingot is used as a finished product ingot by one-time casting.
Firstly, a primary electron beam cold bed smelting ingot is used as a finished ingot, when the requirement on the quality of the ingot is high, the quality of the ingot is improved by increasing the times of heat preservation, refining and impurity removal of the cold bed smelting, and heat preservation, refining and impurity removal can be carried out twice or more.
Secondly, primary plasma cold bed smelting ingot casting is used as a finished ingot, when the requirement on the quality of the ingot casting is high, the quality of the ingot casting is improved by increasing the times of heat preservation, refining and impurity removal of the cold bed smelting, and heat preservation, refining and impurity removal can be carried out twice or more.
And thirdly, smelting the cast ingot by a one-time water-cooling copper crucible vacuum induction smelting furnace to be used as a finished ingot.
And fourthly, smelting the cast ingot by using a one-time vacuum consumable electrode electric arc furnace to be used as a finished product cast ingot.
According to the method, the ingot casting blank for special purposes such as casting aviation titanium materials and the like is melted and cast by adopting an electron beam or plasma cold hearth melting technology in one step, and the aim is to remove high-density impurities or low-density impurities which cannot be dissolved or melted from titanium alloy liquid through flotation and sedimentation mechanisms by melting and dissolving high-density impurities or low-density impurities in the alloy through long-time high-temperature melting and dissolving of the impurities or the low-density impurities generated in electron beam or plasma cold hearth melting. Removing gas impurities in the alloy by introducing high-purity argon protective gas and utilizing the principle of partial pressure; or removing gas inclusions in the alloy by using high temperature and high vacuum.
The invention has the following effects: common sponge titanium and titanium-based sponge alloy are used as raw materials, and primary smelting and casting are carried out by adopting cold hearth furnace smelting, or water-cooled crucible medium-frequency induction smelting, or vacuum consumable arc smelting, so as to obtain the low-cost and high-quality titanium alloy cast ingot. The method has the advantages of low raw material cost, short fusion casting process flow and low production cost, cancels multi-pass repeated remelting casting operation of the traditional process, greatly simplifies the process, shortens the flow, reduces the production cost of the fusion casting process and improves the production efficiency of the fusion casting process. When the alloy elements which contain tin, aluminum, manganese and the like, have low melting points and are easy to oxidize and burn out are cast, because the alloying process of titanium, aluminum, tin and manganese does not exist, and the casting times of high temperature and high vacuum are reduced by nearly 70 percent, the oxidation and volatilization losses of aluminum, tin, manganese and the like can be greatly reduced, the usage amount of the alloy elements is reduced, and the cost of raw materials is saved. The alloy components are easier to control, and the ingot casting quality is greatly improved.
Detailed Description
The invention takes common sponge titanium and titanium-based sponge alloy as raw materials, adopts an electron beam cold hearth furnace smelting technology, a plasma cold hearth furnace smelting technology, a water-cooled crucible medium-frequency induction smelting technology or a vacuum consumable arc smelting technology to carry out one-time smelting and casting, and obtains a low-cost and high-quality titanium alloy ingot. The ingot casting has the characteristics that: firstly, the raw material cost is low, and the titanium metallurgy process is directly used for smelting the raw material into the spongy alloy which has uniform components and consists of titanium and alloy elements in one step. The content of the alloy elements in the sponge alloy can be prepared according to the process requirements. Secondly, the casting process flow is short, the production cost is low, qualified high-quality ingots are obtained by primary electron beam cold bed furnace smelting, plasma cold bed furnace smelting, water-cooled crucible medium-frequency induction smelting or vacuum consumable arc smelting, the multi-pass repeated remelting casting operation of the traditional process is cancelled, the operation is greatly simplified, the casting process production cost is reduced, and the casting process production efficiency is improved.
The method takes aluminum-containing titanium sponge, molybdenum-containing titanium sponge, zirconium-containing titanium sponge, vanadium-containing titanium sponge, tin-containing titanium sponge, manganese-containing titanium sponge, chromium-containing titanium sponge, silicon-containing titanium sponge, niobium-containing titanium sponge, tantalum-containing titanium sponge and the like (the titanium-containing titanium sponge prepared by a titanium metallurgy process and containing alloy elements are collectively called titanium-based sponge alloy, and the same is used below) as raw materials. The titanium-based sponge alloy is prepared by combining three process procedures of alloying elements such as aluminum metallurgy, tin metallurgy, molybdenum metallurgy, zirconium metallurgy, vanadium metallurgy, niobium metallurgy, tantalum metallurgy, manganese metallurgy, silicon metallurgy and the like, titanium metallurgy, aluminum, tin, zirconium, molybdenum and the like with titanium in one process procedure. Or titanium-based sponge alloy is prepared by refining titanium tetrachloride and carrying out thermal reduction on magnesium-aluminum alloy, magnesium-tin alloy, magnesium-zirconium alloy, magnesium-silicon alloy and the like, and then distilling. The prepared titanium-based sponge alloy has the characteristics of short process flow and uniform chemical components, and the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced.
The method takes the titanium-based sponge alloy as a raw material, can simplify the subsequent titanium alloy smelting preparation process, cancels the material preparation process of multi-component alloy elements required by the traditional process, cancels the repeated remelting casting (casting for 2-4 times) process of titanium alloy ingots, can obtain high-quality alloy ingots by one-time casting, and greatly improves the production efficiency of the casting process.
When the titanium alloy is smelted by the traditional process, the titanium alloy needs to be smelted repeatedly under the conditions of high temperature and high vacuum, the smelting temperature is up to 4700-. When titanium-based sponge alloy is adopted to cast alloy elements which contain tin, aluminum, manganese and the like, have low melting points and are easy to oxidize and burn, because the alloying process of titanium, aluminum, tin and manganese does not exist, and the casting times of high temperature and high vacuum are reduced by nearly 70 percent, the oxidation and volatilization losses of aluminum, tin, manganese and the like can be greatly reduced, the usage amount of the alloy elements is reduced, and the cost of raw materials is saved. The alloy components are easier to control, and the ingot casting quality is greatly improved.
In casting ingot blanks for special purposes such as aviation titanium materials and the like, electron beam or plasma cold hearth furnace smelting technology is used for smelting and casting in one step, and the aim is to remove high-density impurities or low-density impurities which cannot be dissolved or melted from titanium alloy liquid through flotation and sedimentation mechanisms by melting and dissolving high-density impurities or low-density impurities in the alloy through long-time high-temperature melting generated in electron beam or plasma cold hearth smelting. Removing gas impurities in the alloy by introducing high-purity argon protective gas and utilizing the principle of partial pressure; or removing gas inclusions in the alloy by using high temperature and high vacuum.
The embodiment of the invention (in the following calculation, all the weight percentages are weight percentages unless otherwise specified):
example 1: smelting (TA 6) Ti-5Al titanium alloy ingot
The method comprises the steps of selecting No. 0 sponge titanium and aluminum-containing 7.4% sponge titanium as raw materials, feeding the raw materials into a drying furnace for drying, removing adsorbed moisture in the raw materials, and directly discharging the raw materials after drying and drying.
The material is prepared by mixing No. 0 titanium sponge and aluminum-containing 7.4% titanium sponge according to the nominal composition of TA6 alloy: the Ti-5Al ingredient has 5.0 percent of nominal aluminum, 0.5 percent of supplemental aluminum in consideration of volatilization loss and 5.5 percent of ingredient component. The prepared furnace burden is smelted on a vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace, and when the vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace is used for smelting, high-purity argon protective atmosphere needs to be introduced to reduce the volatilization loss of aluminum and remove gas escaping from the alloy. The chemical components of the finished cast ingot are as follows (by mass percentage of elements): al: 5.14 percent; c: 0.029%; n: 0.013%; o: 0.12 percent; h: 0.009%; fe: 0.16 percent and the balance of Ti.
Example 2: smelting (TA 18) Ti-3Al-2.5V titanium alloy ingot
The method comprises the steps of selecting No. 0 sponge titanium, 6.9% of aluminum-containing sponge titanium and 4.3% of vanadium-containing sponge titanium as raw materials, feeding the raw materials into a drying furnace for drying, removing adsorbed water in the raw materials, and directly discharging the raw materials after drying and drying are finished.
Secondly, the titanium sponge 0, the titanium sponge 6.9% containing aluminum and the titanium sponge 4.3% containing vanadium have the following nominal compositions according to TA18 alloy: ti-3Al-2.5V ingredient, wherein the nominal component of the aluminum is 3.0 percent, and 0.4 percent of aluminum needs to be supplemented in consideration of volatilization loss; the nominal composition of vanadium was 2.5% and the batch composition was 2.5%. The prepared furnace burden is smelted on an electron beam cold bed smelting furnace or a plasma cold bed smelting furnace, and when the electron beam or plasma cold bed smelting is carried out, high-purity argon protective atmosphere needs to be introduced to reduce the volatilization loss of aluminum and remove gas escaping from the alloy. The chemical components of the finished cast ingot are as follows (by mass percentage of elements): al: 3.06 percent; v: 2.44 percent; c: 0.033%; n: 0.024%; o: 0.11 percent; h: 0.008 percent; fe: 0.19 percent and the balance of Ti.
Example 3: smelting (TA 7) Ti-5Al-2.5Sn titanium alloy ingot
The method comprises the steps of selecting No. 0 sponge titanium, 7.3% of aluminum-containing sponge titanium and 5.6% of tin-containing sponge titanium as raw materials, feeding the raw materials into a drying furnace for drying, removing adsorbed water in the raw materials, and directly discharging the raw materials after drying and drying are finished.
The material is prepared by mixing No. 0 titanium sponge, aluminum-containing 7.3% titanium sponge and tin-containing 5.6% titanium sponge according to the nominal components of TA7 alloy: ti-5Al-2.5Sn, wherein the nominal component of the aluminum is 5.0 percent, 0.5 percent of the aluminum needs to be supplemented in consideration of volatilization loss, and the component of the ingredient is 5.5 percent; the nominal component of tin is 2.5%, aluminum is required to be supplemented by 0.7% in consideration of volatilization loss, and the ingredient component is 3.2%. The prepared furnace burden is smelted on an electron beam cold bed smelting furnace or a plasma cold bed smelting furnace, and when the electron beam or plasma cold bed smelting is carried out, high-purity argon protective atmosphere needs to be introduced to reduce the volatilization loss of aluminum and tin and remove gas escaping from the alloy. The chemical components of the finished cast ingot are as follows (by mass percentage of elements): al: 4.88 percent; sn: 2.53 percent; c: 0.045%; n: 0.030%; o: 0.16 percent; h: 0.013%; fe: 0.34 percent of Ti, and the balance of Ti.
Example 4: smelting (TA 28) Ti-3Al titanium alloy ingot
The method comprises the steps of selecting No. 0 sponge titanium and 5.5% aluminum-containing sponge titanium as raw materials, feeding the raw materials into a drying furnace for drying, removing adsorbed moisture in the raw materials, and directly discharging the raw materials after drying and drying.
The material is prepared by mixing No. 0 titanium sponge and aluminum-containing 5.5% titanium sponge according to the nominal composition of TA28 alloy: the Ti-3Al is prepared by mixing 3.0 percent of nominal aluminum, 0.3 percent of aluminum which needs to be supplemented in consideration of volatilization loss and 3.3 percent of mixed material, and the prepared furnace burden is smelted on a vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace, wherein a high-purity argon protective atmosphere needs to be introduced during smelting to reduce the volatilization loss of the aluminum and remove gas escaping from the alloy. The chemical components of the finished cast ingot are as follows (by mass percentage of elements): al: 2.84 percent; c: 0.02 percent; n: 0.014%; o: 0.04 percent; h: 0.007%; fe: 0.16 percent and the balance of Ti.
Example 5: smelting (TB 4) Ti-4Al-7Mo-10V-2Fe-1Zr titanium alloy ingot
The method comprises the steps of taking No. 0 sponge titanium, 6.5% aluminum-containing sponge titanium, 12.4% molybdenum-containing sponge titanium, 18.3% vanadium-containing sponge titanium, 4.4% iron-containing sponge titanium and 2.6% zirconium-containing sponge titanium as raw materials, feeding the raw materials into a drying furnace for drying, removing adsorbed water in the raw materials, and directly discharging the raw materials from the furnace after drying and drying are finished.
The material is prepared by mixing No. 0 titanium sponge, 6.5% aluminum-containing titanium sponge, 12.4% molybdenum-containing titanium sponge, 18.3% vanadium-containing titanium sponge, 4.4% iron-containing titanium sponge and 2.6% zirconium-containing titanium sponge according to the nominal composition of TB4 alloy: ti-4Al-7Mo-10V-2Fe-1Zr, wherein the nominal component of the aluminum is 4.0 percent, 0.4 percent of the aluminum needs to be supplemented in consideration of volatilization loss, and the component of the ingredient is 4.4 percent; the nominal component of molybdenum is 7.0 percent, and the ingredient component is 7.0 percent; the nominal composition of vanadium is 10.0 percent, and the ingredient composition is 10.0 percent; nominal iron content is 2.0%, and ingredient content is 2.0%; the nominal component of zirconium is 1.0 percent, and the ingredient component is 1.0 percent; the prepared furnace burden is smelted on a vacuum plasma cold hearth furnace, and during smelting, high-purity argon protective atmosphere needs to be introduced to reduce the volatilization loss of aluminum and remove gas escaping from the alloy. The chemical components of the finished cast ingot are as follows (by mass percentage of elements): al: 3.93 percent; mo: 7.11 percent; v: 10.1 percent; fe: 1.96 percent; zr: 0.94 percent; c: 0.024%; n: 0.010%; o: 0.06 percent; h: 0.0063% and the balance of Ti.
Example 6: smelting (TC 3) Ti-5Al-4V titanium alloy ingot
The method comprises the steps of selecting No. 0 sponge titanium, 8.5% of aluminum-containing sponge titanium and 7.9% of vanadium-containing sponge titanium as raw materials, feeding the raw materials into a drying furnace for drying, removing adsorbed water in the raw materials, and directly discharging the raw materials after drying and drying are finished.
The titanium sponge material comprises No. 0 titanium sponge, 8.5% aluminum-containing titanium sponge and 7.9% vanadium-containing titanium sponge according to the nominal components of TC3 alloy: ti-5Al-4V ingredient, wherein the nominal component of aluminum is 5.0%, 0.4% of aluminum needs to be supplemented in consideration of volatilization loss, and the ingredient component is 5.4%; the nominal composition of vanadium is 4.0 percent, and the ingredient composition is 4.0 percent; the prepared furnace burden is smelted on a vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace, and during smelting, high-purity argon protective atmosphere needs to be introduced to reduce the volatilization loss of aluminum and remove gas escaping from the alloy. The chemical components of the finished cast ingot are as follows (by mass percentage of elements): al: 5.04 percent; v: 3.96 percent; c: 0.012%; n: 0.019%; o: 0.054%; h: 0.008 percent; fe: 0.13 percent and the balance of Ti.
Example 7: smelting (TC 4) Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy ingot
The method comprises the steps of selecting No. 0 sponge titanium, 9.8% of aluminum-containing sponge titanium and 8.4% of vanadium-containing sponge titanium as raw materials, feeding the raw materials into a drying furnace for drying, removing adsorbed water in the raw materials, and directly discharging the raw materials after drying and drying are finished.
Secondly, the titanium sponge 0, the aluminum-containing 9.8% titanium sponge and the vanadium-containing 8.4% titanium sponge have the following nominal components in TC4 alloy: ti-6Al-4V ingredient, wherein the nominal component of aluminum is 6.0 percent, 0.4 percent of aluminum is required to be supplemented in consideration of volatilization loss, and the ingredient component is 6.4 percent; the nominal composition of vanadium is 4.0 percent, and the ingredient composition is 4.0 percent; the prepared furnace burden is smelted on a vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace, and during smelting, high-purity argon protective atmosphere needs to be introduced to reduce the volatilization loss of aluminum and remove gas escaping from the alloy. The chemical components of the finished cast ingot are as follows (by mass percentage of elements): al: 5.96 percent; v: 4.04 percent; c: 0.015 percent; n: 0.013%; o: 0.079%; h: 0.010%; fe: 0.15 percent and the balance of Ti.
Example 8: smelting (TC 20) Ti-6Al-7Nb titanium alloy ingot
The method comprises the steps of selecting No. 0 sponge titanium, 13.6% of aluminum-containing sponge titanium, 12.9% of niobium-containing sponge titanium and 1.2% of tantalum-containing sponge titanium as raw materials, feeding the raw materials into a drying furnace for drying, removing adsorbed water in the raw materials, drying, and directly discharging the raw materials from the furnace after drying.
The second is with 0 sponge titanium, aluminiferous 13.6% sponge titanium, contain niobium 12.9% sponge titanium, contain tantalum 1.2% sponge titanium according to TC20 alloy nominal composition: ti-6Al-7Nb burden, wherein the nominal component of aluminum is 6.0 percent, 0.4 percent of aluminum needs to be supplemented in consideration of volatilization loss, and the burden component is 6.4 percent; the nominal composition of niobium is 7.0 percent, and the ingredient composition is 7.0 percent; the ingredient composition of tantalum is 0.3% (tantalum contained in the niobium-containing titanium sponge is not considered); the prepared furnace burden is smelted on a plasma cold hearth furnace, and during smelting, high-purity argon protective atmosphere needs to be introduced to reduce the volatilization loss of aluminum and remove gas escaping from the alloy. The chemical components of the finished cast ingot are as follows (by mass percentage of elements): al: 6.11 percent; nb: 7.02 percent; ta: 0.44%; c: 0.021%; n: 0.012%; o: 0.09%; h: 0.006%; fe: 0.12 percent and the balance of Ti.
Example 9: casting Ti-47Al-7.0Nb-2.5V-0.9Si titanium alloy ingots:
the method comprises the steps of taking 0-grade titanium sponge, aluminum-containing titanium sponge, niobium-containing titanium sponge, vanadium-containing titanium sponge and silicon-containing titanium sponge as raw materials, feeding the raw materials into a drying furnace for drying, removing adsorbed moisture in the raw materials, and directly discharging the raw materials after drying and drying are finished.
And mixing the 0-grade titanium sponge, the aluminum-containing titanium sponge, the niobium-containing titanium sponge, the vanadium-containing titanium sponge and the silicon-containing titanium sponge according to the nominal components of the alloy.
Thirdly, the prepared furnace burden is used as a raw material, the alloy furnace burden is smelted by a plasma cold bed smelting furnace, when the plasma cold bed smelting is carried out, high-purity argon protective atmosphere needs to be introduced to reduce the volatilization loss of aluminum, gas escaping from the alloy is removed, and the alloy liquid melted and refined by the plasma cold bed furnace is cast into an ingot. When plasma melting-refining is carried out, high-purity argon is filled into the furnace chamber as carrier gas, the furnace pressure in the melting period is increased, the evaporation loss of low-melting-point metal aluminum is reduced, and gas volatilized from the alloy in the melting process is removed. The alloy is heated and insulated by high temperature generated by plasma, so that high-density impurities and low-density impurities in the alloy liquid are fully melted and dissolved, and high-density impurities and low-density impurities which cannot be melted and dissolved are removed by a flotation and sedimentation mechanism to obtain pure alloy liquid, and the pure alloy liquid is poured into a high-quality ingot. The chemical components of the finished cast ingot are as follows (according to the mole percentage of element atoms):
al: 46.4 percent; v: 2.66 percent; nb: 7.22 percent; si: 0.88; the balance being Ti.
Claims (4)
1. The invention discloses a short-process preparation method of an aluminum-titanium-containing alloy, which comprises the following technical steps: common sponge titanium or titanium-based sponge alloy is used as a raw material, and an electron beam or plasma or induction or vacuum consumable arc melting technology is adopted to carry out primary melting and casting to obtain a low-cost and high-quality titanium alloy ingot.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the titanium-based sponge alloy is prepared by combining the metallurgical process of titanium, aluminum, tin, molybdenum, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum and the like and the alloying process of titanium and elements of aluminum, tin, zirconium, molybdenum and the like in one technological process; or preparing titanium-based sponge alloy by refining titanium tetrachloride and magnesium-aluminum alloy, magnesium-tin alloy, magnesium-zirconium alloy, magnesium-silicon alloy and the like through thermal reduction and distillation.
3. According to claims 1-2, characterized in that: when the method is adopted to cast the aluminum-titanium alloy-containing ingot, the selection principle of the casting process route is as follows:
the method comprises the following two processes of casting ingot blanks for special purposes such as aviation titanium materials and heat-resistant alloys:
firstly, casting by using an electron beam cold bed smelting or plasma cold bed smelting technology to obtain a primary cast ingot, casting by using a vacuum consumable electrode electric arc furnace to obtain a secondary cast ingot, and using the secondary cast ingot as a finished cast ingot;
casting by using an electron beam cold bed smelting or plasma cold bed smelting technology to obtain a primary cast ingot, casting by using a water-cooled copper crucible vacuum induction smelting furnace to obtain a secondary cast ingot, and taking the secondary cast ingot as a finished cast ingot;
under the conditions that the content of alloy elements of the titanium-based sponge alloy is not high and the chemical components of the titanium-based sponge alloy are uniform, a primary cold hearth smelting ingot can be used as a finished product ingot (the cold hearth smelting needs to be carried out twice or more times of heat preservation, refining and impurity removal), a secondary remelting smelting process is omitted, the production process is simplified, and the production cost is further reduced;
secondly, when casting aluminum-containing titanium alloy ingots for other purposes, the cast ingot is used as a finished product ingot by one-time casting;
firstly, primary electron beam cold bed smelting ingot casting is used as finished ingot casting, when the requirement on ingot casting quality is high, the ingot casting quality is improved by increasing the times of heat preservation, refining and impurity removal of the cold bed smelting, and heat preservation, refining and impurity removal can be carried out twice or more;
secondly, primary plasma cold bed smelting ingot casting is used as a finished ingot, when the requirement on the quality of the ingot casting is high, the quality of the ingot casting is improved by increasing the times of heat preservation, refining and impurity removal of the cold bed smelting, and heat preservation, refining and impurity removal can be carried out twice or more;
smelting an ingot by a primary water-cooled copper crucible vacuum induction smelting furnace to be used as a finished ingot;
and smelting the ingot by using a primary vacuum consumable electrode electric arc furnace to be used as a finished product ingot.
4. According to the claims 1-2, in casting ingot blanks for special purposes such as aviation titanium materials and the like, electron beam or plasma cold hearth furnace smelting and casting are adopted for one-time casting, and the purpose is to remove high-density impurities or low-density impurities which cannot be dissolved or melted from titanium alloy liquid through flotation and sedimentation mechanisms by means of long-time high-temperature melting and dissolving of the high-density impurities or low-density impurities in the alloy during electron beam or plasma cold hearth smelting; removing gas impurities in the alloy by introducing high-purity argon protective gas and utilizing the principle of partial pressure; or removing gas inclusions in the alloy by using high temperature and high vacuum;
the invention takes common sponge titanium and titanium-based sponge alloy as raw materials, and obtains a low-cost and high-quality titanium alloy ingot through one-time smelting and casting; the raw material cost is low, the multi-pass repeated remelting casting operation of the traditional process is cancelled, the process is simplified, the flow is shortened, the casting cost is reduced, and the casting efficiency is improved; because the alloying process of titanium and aluminum, tin and manganese does not exist, and the times of high-temperature and high-vacuum casting are reduced by nearly 70 percent, the oxidation and volatilization losses of aluminum, tin, manganese and the like are greatly reduced, the alloy components are easier to control, and the quality of cast ingots is greatly improved.
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