CN112853124B - Process method for in-situ leaching injection of ionic rare earth ore - Google Patents
Process method for in-situ leaching injection of ionic rare earth ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN112853124B CN112853124B CN202110008539.1A CN202110008539A CN112853124B CN 112853124 B CN112853124 B CN 112853124B CN 202110008539 A CN202110008539 A CN 202110008539A CN 112853124 B CN112853124 B CN 112853124B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/02—Apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process method for in-situ leaching injection of ionic rare earth ore, which comprises the following steps: s1, punching: a plurality of transverse liquid injection holes are drilled at intervals on the side surface of the ionic rare earth ore body, and the transverse liquid injection holes transversely penetrate through the ore body or point to the center of the ore body from the periphery of the ore body; the plurality of transverse liquid injection holes are distributed in a multilayer manner in the height direction of the ore body, and the plurality of transverse liquid injection holes positioned in the same layer are distributed at intervals in the horizontal direction; s2, inserting a tube: inserting a hard long-strip object into each transverse liquid injection hole, and then inserting a connecting pipe into each transverse liquid injection hole along each hard long-strip object; s3, liquid injection and ore leaching: injecting an ore leaching agent into the transverse liquid injection hole through the connecting pipe; s4, water injection and leaching: and injecting water into the transverse liquid injection hole through the connecting pipe. The process method of the invention arranges a plurality of layers of transverse liquid injection holes, pressurizes and adjusts the flow and controls the liquid injection layer by layer and section; the ore leaching agent is prevented from forming runoff and directly penetrating through an ore body; the leaching rate of rare earth reaches more than 96 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rare earth mining, in particular to a process method for in-situ leaching and injecting liquid of ionic rare earth ore.
Background
The ionic rare earth is a unique mineral species, is strategic material and has higher economic value. In order to protect the environment, the state only allows the mining mode of in-situ mineral leaching, the mining mode is to punch a vertical hole on the upper part of an ore body 4 and inject a mineral leaching agent, the mineral leaching agent flows through ore soil and replaces rare earth ions to form rare earth leachate, and the leachate containing rare earth is collected at the bottom of the ore body 4. It features no excavation of mountain and no damage to vegetation, and belongs to the field of leaching mining.
The rare earth elements of the ionic rare earth ore are distributed in completely weathered mountain rock and soil in an ionic state. The rare earth ore body 4 has a thickness of several meters to more than twenty meters, and a few tens of meters. The upper part of the ore body 4 is vegetation and an ore-free clay layer, the thickness of the ore-free layer (namely the burial depth of the ore body 4) is several meters to more than ten meters, and the bottom of the ore body 4 is also the ore-free clay or bedrock. The mining mode adopts an in-situ ore leaching process, and the engineering arrangement and the liquid injection ore leaching process are shown in figure 5. The description is as follows: a high-level pond 1 is built at the highest position of the mountain top, a plurality of liquid injection holes (wells) 30 are vertically arranged in a mine-free area 8 at the upper part of a mountain body 6, and the depth of the liquid injection holes (wells) 30 reaches the depth of an ore body 4; the prepared mineral leaching agent in a workshop is pumped into a high-level pool 1, a liquid injection hose 2 is arranged between the high-level pool 1 and a liquid injection hole (well) 30, and the mineral leaching agent continuously flows into the liquid injection hole (well) 30 from the high-level pool 1; the mineral leaching agent in the liquid injection hole (well) 30 permeates into the ore body 4 downwards and peripherally under the action of natural pressure and exchanges with the existing rare earth ions to form rare earth leachate; the leaching agent (containing rare earth leaching solution) continuously permeates downwards and the periphery to continuously displace rare earth ions; and a closure liquid receiving engineering 7 is arranged at the non-ore area 8 at the bottom of the ore body 4 to collect the seeped rare earth leachate, and then the rare earth leachate is sent to the next purification and enrichment procedure to be processed to form a rare earth primary product. The ore leaching agent is continuously poured into the liquid injection hole (well) 30 from the elevated tank 1, so that the ore leaching agent fully infiltrates the ore body 4 (the shaded part is an infiltrated area) to ensure that the rare earth ions are completely separated out. The diameter of the liquid injection hole (well) is about 100-180mm, and the liquid injection hole (well) is arranged according to the mesh degree of 1.5-2.0 m, so that the whole stope ore leaching area is covered. See fig. 5.
Rare earth elements exist in completely weathered soil, are mostly kaolin of completely weathered granite, and are loose and uneven in density of mineral soil, wherein an undeweathered or incompletely weathered geological structure is also wrapped. The problems of the existing in-situ ore leaching liquid injection ore leaching process are as follows: the mineral leaching agent seeps out from the vertical liquid injection hole (well), soaks the surrounding mineral soil and gradually approaches to saturation, then continuously seeps downwards under the action of the gravity of the mineral leaching agent liquid, and a water-drop-shaped mineral leaching area is formed under the liquid injection hole in the initial stage. Ideally, the ore leaching area is enlarged continuously along with the continuous infiltration of the ore leaching agent until the ore leaching agent is blended with the ore leaching agent seeped from the adjacent liquid injection hole to completely soak the ore soil, so that the rare earth ions can be fully replaced. In practical terms, as the mineral leaching agent (including rare earth leaching liquid, the same applies below) permeates downwards, the upper part of the ore body 4 is infiltrated by the mineral leaching agent (see a shadow area in fig. 5), the clay in the ore body 4 gradually sinks, when the clay reaches a certain depth, the clay fills gaps of the ore soil to reduce the permeation speed, the permeation speed is lower than the liquid injection speed, the water (liquid) content of the ore soil tends to be saturated, the mineral leaching agent gathers a certain amount, the mineral leaching agent is preferentially diffused from the sparse gaps of the ore soil under the action of gravity, underground runoff (see underground runoff 5 in fig. 5) is formed as the flow increases, and the mineral leaching agent directly flows into the liquid collection engineering 7 through the runoff downwards. At the moment, the transverse diffusion capacity of the mineral leaching agent in the ore body 4 is weakened, so that a large number of ore bodies 4 around the underground runoff 5 are difficult to be infiltrated by the mineral leaching agent (see a shadow-free area of the ore body 4 in fig. 5), and rare earth ions cannot be replaced; for the mineral soil with high content of fine clay, the slurry formed by mixing the mineral leaching agent and the clay continuously fills the gaps of the mineral soil, so that the permeability of the mineral soil becomes very poor, and besides underground runoff is generated, the clay is accumulated more and more along with the gradual increase of the mineral leaching agent until the clay completely fills the gaps of the mineral soil to form an underground cofferdam, so that the mineral body 4 is soaked in the liquid. If the accumulated mineral leaching agent cannot be released in time, the cofferdam is broken when the amount of the mineral leaching agent is too large, and the collapse (or landslide) of the mountain is caused. Thus, not only rare earth cannot be recovered, but also geological disasters occur.
The recovery rate of rare earth is an important index of ionic rare earth exploitation, and incomplete ore leaching is one of main reasons influencing the yield of rare earth (the other main reason is incomplete leachate recovery). The problems of incomplete ore leaching and low rare earth recovery rate are always to be solved urgently since the ionic rare earth in-situ ore leaching process is invented by 'eight-five' in China. The comprehensive yield of the ionic rare earth specified by the state reaches over 75 percent, and the current yield index is less than 50 percent on average. How to find a new ion type rare earth ore in-situ leaching and injecting process method, which avoids underground runoff from being generated in the injecting process, and the maximized recovery of rare earth is a technical problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a process method for ion type rare earth ore in-situ leaching injection, which aims to solve the problems that the existing ion type rare earth ore in-situ leaching method is easy to generate underground runoff to cause geological disasters and the rare earth recovery rate is low.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a process method for in-situ leaching injection of ionic rare earth ore, which comprises the following steps: s1, punching: a plurality of transverse liquid injection holes are drilled at intervals on the side surface of the ionic rare earth ore body, and the transverse liquid injection holes are transversely arranged in the ore body in a penetrating manner or point to the center of the ore body from the periphery of the ore body; the plurality of transverse liquid injection holes are distributed in a multilayer manner in the height direction of the ore body, and the plurality of transverse liquid injection holes positioned in the same layer are distributed at intervals in the horizontal direction; s2, inserting a tube: inserting a hard long-strip object into each transverse liquid injection hole, and then inserting a connecting pipe into each transverse liquid injection hole along each hard long-strip object; s3, liquid injection and mineral leaching: inject the mineral leaching agent into the horizontal liquid injection hole through the connecting pipe, the mineral leaching agent that gets into the horizontal liquid injection hole spreads to periphery and below, the liquid injection order of the horizontal liquid injection hole of different layers is: firstly, injecting an ore leaching agent into the transverse liquid injection hole at the bottom layer, and then sequentially injecting the ore leaching agent into the transverse liquid injection hole at the upper layer until the injection of the ore leaching agent into the transverse liquid injection hole at the top layer is completed; when the mineral leaching agent is injected into the transverse liquid injection hole, a closure liquid collecting project is arranged in a non-ore area at the bottom of the ore body to collect the seeped rare earth leachate; s4, water injection and leaching: inject water into the liquid hole is transversely annotated through the connecting pipe, and the water injection liquid order of liquid hole is transversely annotated in different layers does: firstly, injecting water into the transverse liquid injection hole at the top layer, then sequentially injecting water into the transverse liquid injection hole at the next layer until the water injection process of the transverse liquid injection hole at the bottom layer is completed, and finishing the flow-stopping and liquid-collecting engineering of the water after being washed.
Further, the process method also comprises a purification step S5 after the step S4: and (4) carrying out purification and enrichment procedures on the rare earth leaching solution collected in the step S3 and the washed water collected in the step S4, and processing the rare earth leaching solution and the washed water into a rare earth primary product.
Furthermore, the transverse liquid injection holes of the two adjacent layers are arranged in a staggered manner; the vertical distance between every two adjacent layers of the transverse liquid injection holes is 3-5 meters, and the horizontal distance between every two adjacent transverse liquid injection holes in the same layer of the transverse liquid injection holes is 3-5 meters; the distance between the transverse liquid injection hole positioned at the bottom layer and the bottom of the ore body is 4-6 meters; the hole depth of the transverse liquid injection hole on each layer covers the ore body on the lower layer, the transverse liquid injection hole is inclined downwards along the extension direction, and the aperture of the transverse liquid injection hole is 80-120 mm.
Furthermore, the connecting pipe is attached to the hard long-strip object and extends along the depth direction of the transverse liquid injection hole, and the length of the connecting pipe is smaller than the depth of the transverse liquid injection hole; the length of the hard long-strip object inserted into the transverse liquid injection hole covers the ore body below the transverse liquid injection hole, and the connecting pipe inserted into the transverse liquid injection hole does not cover the ore body below the transverse liquid injection hole; the hard long-strip objects comprise long bamboo chips and long wood strips.
Further, the method also comprises the following operations before injecting the mineral leaching agent into the transverse injection hole or injecting water into the transverse injection hole through the connecting pipe: connecting a valve at the liquid injection end of each connecting pipe, and connecting a liquid injection hose with the valve of each connecting pipe; and conveying the mineral leaching agent or water to the liquid injection hose through the high-pressure pump, and conveying the mineral leaching agent or water to the valve through the liquid injection hose and into the connecting pipe.
Further, in step S3, when the mineral leaching agent is injected into the transverse liquid injection hole of the bottom layer, after the flow rate of the rare earth leaching agent collected in the intercepting and liquid collecting process is equal to the flow rate of the mineral leaching agent injected into the transverse liquid injection hole of the bottom layer, the injection of the mineral leaching agent into the transverse liquid injection hole of the bottom layer is started, and when the mineral leaching agent injected from the transverse liquid injection hole of the bottom layer permeates into the transverse liquid injection hole of the bottom layer, the injection of the mineral leaching agent into the transverse liquid injection hole of the bottom layer is stopped; and when the mineral leaching agent is injected into the transverse liquid injection hole at the topmost layer, stopping injecting the mineral leaching agent when the concentration of rare earth in the rare earth leachate collected in the interception liquid collection project is lower than 0.2 g/L.
Further, when the mineral leaching agent is injected into the transverse liquid injection holes of other layers above the bottom layer, and when the rare earth leaching liquid permeates into the transverse liquid injection hole of the next layer, the injection of the mineral leaching agent into the transverse liquid injection hole of the next layer is stopped; and after the flow of the rare earth leaching solution collected by the intercepting liquid collection engineering is equal to the flow of the leaching agent injected into the transverse liquid injection holes of other layers above the bottom layer, the leaching agent is injected into the transverse liquid injection hole of the upper layer.
Further, before the water injection and leaching in the step S4, water injection into the top-layer transverse injection hole is started when the rare earth concentration in the rare earth leachate collected in the interception liquid-collecting process is lower than 0.2 g/L.
Furthermore, the time for injecting water into the top layer transverse injection hole is twice that for injecting the mineral leaching agent into the top layer transverse injection hole, the time for injecting water into the secondary top layer transverse injection hole is 50% of that for injecting water into the top layer transverse injection hole, and the time for injecting water into the transverse injection holes below the secondary top layer is reduced by 10% in sequence but is not less than 20% of that for injecting water into the top layer transverse injection hole.
Further, in step S2, the connection pipe is a constant diameter steel pipe.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the underground runoff generated during liquid injection is the bottleneck influencing the yield of the rare earth, and the achievement of the scheme is also a major technical breakthrough: the ionic rare earth ore in-situ leaching injection process method arranges a plurality of layers of transverse injection holes, pressurizes and adjusts the flow and controls injection in a layered and sectional manner; the mineral leaching seepage path is shortened, the mineral soil is infiltrated by balanced diffusion, and the mineral leaching agent is prevented from forming runoff which directly penetrates through an ore body; the phenomenon of mountain collapse (landslide) caused by excessive ore leaching is avoided;
2. the layered transverse liquid injection ore leaching method can enable the ore leaching agent to fully soak the whole ore body, so that the rare earth ions are completely separated out, and the leaching rate of the rare earth reaches more than 96 percent; compared with the traditional liquid injection method, the method effectively solves the problems of subsurface runoff and cofferdam caused by mineral soil density and clay infiltration and flow resistance;
3. the natural pressure injection is changed into the control pressure injection, a high-level pool is not needed, and the injection pressure can be adjusted, the injection amount is increased and the engineering period is shortened because the problem of underground runoff caused by too fast injection is not needed; the layered injection also accelerates the infiltration speed of the mineral leaching agent, reduces the mineral leaching time and shortens the process period by more than 50 percent;
4. the density degree and the water content of each part of the fully infiltrated ore body tend to be consistent, so that the geological environment in the liquid injection process is safe, and the production process is stable;
5. on the premise of the same consumption of manpower and material resources, the leaching rate is greatly improved, the resource waste and the raw material consumption are reduced, the labor productivity is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so that those skilled in the art can understand and read the present invention, and do not limit the conditions for implementing the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the functions and purposes of the present invention, should still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a sectional view of mountain in-situ leaching in a process method for in-situ leaching injection of ionic rare earth ore according to embodiments 1 and 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of mountain in-situ leaching in a process for in-situ leaching injection of ionic rare earth ore according to embodiments 1, 3 and 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of mountain in-situ leaching in the process of ion-type rare earth ore in-situ leaching injection according to embodiments 1, 3 and 6 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a sectional view of mountain in-situ leaching in an ion-type rare earth ore in-situ leaching injection process according to embodiment 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of in-situ leaching of a mountain in a conventional in-situ leaching injection process for ionic rare earth ore;
in the figure:
1. a head tank; 2. a liquid injection hose; 3. a transverse liquid injection hole; 4. an ore body; 5. subsurface runoff; 6. a mountain body; 7. intercepting and collecting liquid engineering; 8. a mine-free area; 10. a high pressure pump; 11. a valve; 12. a connecting pipe; 3-1, liquid injection hole at the uppermost layer; 3-2, a penultimate liquid injection hole; 3-3, a bottommost liquid injection hole; 30. and a liquid injection hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a process method for in-situ leaching injection of ionic rare earth ore, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the process method comprises the following steps:
s1, punching: a plurality of transverse liquid injection holes 3 are drilled at intervals on the side surface 4 of the ionic rare earth ore body, and the transverse liquid injection holes 3 transversely penetrate through the ore body 4 or point to the center of the ore body 4 from the periphery of the ore body 4; the plurality of transverse liquid injection holes 3 are distributed in a multi-layer manner in the height direction of the ore body 4, and the plurality of transverse liquid injection holes 3 positioned on the same layer are distributed at intervals in the horizontal direction;
s2, inserting a tube: inserting a hard long-strip material into each transverse liquid injection hole 3, and then inserting a connecting pipe 12 into each transverse liquid injection hole 3 along the hard long-strip material;
s3, liquid injection and ore leaching: the connecting pipe 12 is used for injecting the mineral leaching agent into the transverse liquid injection hole 3, the mineral leaching agent entering the transverse liquid injection hole 3 is diffused towards the periphery and the lower part, and the liquid injection sequence of the transverse liquid injection holes 3 on different layers is as follows: firstly, injecting an ore leaching agent into the transverse liquid injection hole 3 at the bottom layer, and then sequentially injecting the ore leaching agent into the transverse liquid injection hole 3 at the upper layer until the injection of the ore leaching agent into the transverse liquid injection hole 3 at the top layer is completed; while injecting mineral leaching agent into the transverse liquid injection hole 3, arranging a closure liquid-collecting engineering 7 at the non-ore area at the bottom of the ore body 4 to collect the rare earth leachate which flows down by seepage;
s4, water injection and leaching: injecting water into the transverse liquid injection hole 3 through the connecting pipe 12, wherein the water injection sequence of the transverse liquid injection holes 3 in different layers is as follows: firstly, injecting water into the top layer transverse liquid injection hole 3, then sequentially injecting water into the next layer transverse liquid injection hole 3 until the water injection process of the bottom layer transverse liquid injection hole 3 is completed, and finishing the flow-stopping and liquid-collecting engineering 7 of the showered water.
The ion type rare earth ore body 4 is often located inside the mountain body 6, the periphery and the bottom of the mountain body 6 are often non-ore area 8, different from the prior art, in the process method of the embodiment, when punching, the hole is transversely punched along the side surface of the ore body 4, the punched hole is a transverse liquid injection hole 3, the transverse liquid injection hole 3 can be arranged in the ore body 4 in a penetrating manner, or can also be arranged in the non-ore area 8 near the ore body 4 in a penetrating manner, and the transverse liquid injection holes 3 are distributed in the mountain body 6 in a multilayer manner. And transverse liquid injection holes are drilled along the periphery of the mountain body on the side face of the ore body, the horizontal distance of the liquid injection holes is determined according to the density of the ore soil, the loose distance of the ore soil is larger, and the compact distance of the ore soil is smaller. According to the process method, the transverse liquid injection hole 3 is drilled firstly, and then the mineral leaching agent is injected in the subsequent steps to carry out in-situ mineral leaching, so that the mineral leaching agent is prevented from forming a runoff to penetrate through an ore body, the phenomenon of mountain collapse (landslide) caused by excessive mineral leaching is avoided, and further the mining of the in-situ mineral leaching liquid of the ionic type rare earth ore is safer and more thorough.
Example 2
The process of example 1, further comprising a purification step S5 after step S4: and (4) carrying out purification and enrichment procedures on the rare earth leaching solution collected in the step S3 and the washed water collected in the step S4, and processing the rare earth leaching solution and the washed water into a rare earth primary product.
And S4, purifying and enriching part of the leached water with high rare earth concentration, which is collected in the step S4, and returning the part of the leached water with low rare earth concentration to be used for preparing the mineral leaching agent.
The purification and enrichment process can comprise the separation steps of separating the mineral leaching agent and the leached water, and the rare earth primary product can be obtained through the purification and enrichment process and the primary processing.
Example 3
The process method of the embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1-3, the lateral liquid injection holes 3 of two adjacent layers are arranged in a staggered manner; the vertical distance between every two adjacent layers of the transverse liquid injection holes 3 is 3-5 m, and the horizontal distance between every two adjacent transverse liquid injection holes 3 in the same layer of the transverse liquid injection holes 3 is 3-5 m; the distance between the transverse liquid injection hole 3 positioned at the bottom layer and the bottom of the ore body 4 is 4-6 meters;
the hole depth of the transverse liquid injection hole 3 on each layer covers the ore body on the lower layer, the transverse liquid injection hole 3 slightly inclines downwards along the extending direction, and the hole diameter of the transverse liquid injection hole 3 is 80-120 mm.
The horizontal distance of the transverse liquid injection holes 3 is determined according to the density of the mineral soil, the loose distance of the mineral soil is larger, the compact distance of the mineral soil is smaller, and the distance is generally 3-5 m; the vertical distance of the transverse liquid injection holes 3 is also determined according to the density degree (or seepage velocity) of the ore soil, and is generally 3-5 m; the transverse liquid injection hole 3 in the vertical direction is a first layer from the top of the ore body, and the last layer is about 5 meters higher than the bottom of the ore body; generally, about 10 m ore body thickness, only upper and lower layers of liquid injection holes are needed, more than 3 layers of transverse liquid injection holes 3 are needed when the ore body thickness is 15 m, and more than 4 layers of transverse liquid injection holes 3 are needed when the ore body thickness is 20 m; the transverse liquid injection holes 3 of the upper layer and the lower layer are arranged in a staggered manner; all the transverse liquid injection holes 3 transversely penetrate through the ore body and can also point to the center of the ore body from the periphery of the mountain body, the lower layer ore body is covered by all the transverse liquid injection holes 3, the transverse liquid injection holes 3 slightly incline downwards, and thus, the ore leaching agent injected in the subsequent step can better diffuse downwards and the ore body 4 around to leach the rare earth. The transverse liquid injection holes 3 are arranged at intervals, so that the ore body 4 can be thoroughly soaked, and the whole construction and extraction process can be rapidly carried out.
Example 4
The process method according to embodiment 1, wherein the connecting pipe 12 is attached to the long hard object and extends along the depth direction of the transverse liquid injection hole 3, and the length of the connecting pipe 12 is smaller than the depth of the transverse liquid injection hole 3; the length of the hard long object inserted into the transverse liquid injection hole 3 covers the ore body 4 below the transverse liquid injection hole 3, and the connecting pipe 12 inserted into the transverse liquid injection hole 3 does not cover the ore body 4 below the transverse liquid injection hole 3;
the hard long-strip objects comprise long bamboo chips and long wood strips.
When the hole is punched in the step S1, the drilling host machine adopts an engineering drilling machine (commonly known as a kilometer drill, common equipment in the industry, and the horizontal drilling length can reach hundreds of meters) and is equipped with a conventional rock-soil drill bit. According to the engineering arrangement, a drilling machine drills out a transverse liquid injection hole 3 which is slightly inclined downwards, and then a drill rod and a drill bit are withdrawn; long bamboo chips, long battens and the like are inserted into the transverse liquid injection hole 3, and the length range of the inserted bamboo chips and the inserted battens at least covers the ore body 4 below the liquid injection hole; the connecting pipe 12 is inserted into the horizontal liquid injection hole 3 along the bamboo chips and the wood strips, the connecting pipe 12 is inserted into the horizontal liquid injection hole 3 as far as possible without covering the ore body, the long bamboo chips and the long wood strips are inserted to prevent the passage of the mineral leaching agent from being blocked when the liquid injection hole 3 is slightly collapsed, and the aperture of the liquid injection hole 3 is 80-120 mm. And recovering the connecting pipe 12 after the engineering is finished for injecting liquid into the next ore block.
The length of the connecting pipe 12 is smaller than the depth of the transverse liquid injection hole 3, for example, the length of the connecting pipe 12 may be 1/5-2/3 of the depth of the transverse liquid injection hole 3, and the mineral leaching agent injected through the connecting pipe 12 slowly flows out from the liquid outlet of the connecting pipe 12, so that the injected mineral leaching agent can firstly permeate into the whole transverse liquid injection hole 3 and then permeate into the surrounding ore body 4, and better permeation and infiltration effects can be achieved.
Example 5
The process of example 1, as shown in FIG. 2, further comprises the following steps before injecting the mineral leaching agent or water into the lateral injection hole 3 through the connecting pipe 12: a liquid injection end of each connecting pipe 12 is connected with a valve 11, and a liquid injection hose 2 is connected with the valve 11 of each connecting pipe 12;
the mineral leaching agent or water is conveyed to the liquid injection hose 2 through the high-pressure pump 10, and the mineral leaching agent or water is conveyed to the valve 11 through the liquid injection hose 2 and enters the connecting pipe 12.
Mineral leaching agent or water is firstly conveyed to the liquid injection hose 2 through the high-pressure pump 10, then conveyed to different valves 11 through the liquid injection hose 2 and enters different connecting pipes 12, so that the liquid injection speed is accelerated, and the engineering period is shortened.
Example 6
The process as in example 1, wherein in step S3, when the leaching agent is injected into the lateral liquid injection hole 3 of the bottom layer, after the cut-off liquid collecting process 7 collects that the flow rate of the rare earth leaching agent is equal to (close to) the flow rate of the leaching agent injected into the lateral liquid injection hole 3 of the bottom layer, the leaching agent injection into the lateral liquid injection hole 3 of the bottom layer is started, and the leaching agent injection into the lateral liquid injection hole 3 of the bottom layer is stopped when the leaching agent injected from the lateral liquid injection hole 3 of the bottom layer penetrates into the lateral liquid injection hole 3 of the bottom layer;
and when the mineral leaching agent is injected into the transverse liquid injection hole 3 at the topmost layer, stopping injecting the mineral leaching agent when the concentration of rare earth in the rare earth leaching liquid collected by the interception liquid collection engineering 7 is lower than 0.2 g/L.
When the mineral leaching agent is injected into the transverse liquid injection holes 3 of other layers above the bottom layer, stopping injecting the mineral leaching agent into the transverse liquid injection holes 3 of the next layer when the rare earth leaching solution permeates into the transverse liquid injection holes 3 of the next layer;
and after the flow rate of the rare earth leaching solution collected by the intercepting liquid collecting engineering 7 is equal to (close to) the flow rate of the leaching agent injected into the transverse liquid injection holes 3 of other layers above the bottom layer, the leaching agent is injected into the transverse liquid injection hole 3 of the upper layer.
Before water injection and leaching in the step S4, water is injected into the top-layer transverse liquid injection hole 3 when the concentration of rare earth in the rare earth leaching solution collected in the interception liquid-collecting engineering 7 is lower than 0.2 g/L.
When the mineral leaching agent is poured into the lateral pouring hole 3, three layers of lateral pouring holes 3 are taken as an example (the bottommost pouring hole 3-3, the penultimate pouring hole 3-2 and the topmost pouring hole 3-1):
(1) the liquid is injected firstly from the liquid injection hole 3-3 at the bottom layer, mineral leaching agent is conveyed to the liquid injection hole 3-3 at the bottom layer through a high-pressure pump 10, a liquid injection hose 2, a valve 11 and a connecting pipe 12 in sequence, the mineral soil covered by the mineral leaching agent is wetted and tends to be saturated and downwards permeated to form a wetting area which is parallel to the liquid injection hole and has a water drop-shaped cross section, the wetting area is mutually intersected with the water drop-shaped wetting area formed by the adjacent liquid injection holes at the same layer (see figure 3), and the wetting layer is formed after all the water drop-shaped wetting areas on the same plane are intersected (see figure 4); at the moment, the covered ore soil layer is fully infiltrated, and rare earth ions are replaced; the leaching agent containing rare earth and partial clay continues to seep downwards to pass through the ore-free area 8 until the rare earth leaching liquid is collected from the liquid collection engineering 7.
(2) And continuing to inject liquid, when the rare earth leachate collected in the liquid receiving engineering 7 is basically consistent with the liquid injection amount (flow rate), indicating that the ore body at the bottom layer is soaked, starting to inject the ore body at the previous layer (the last but one layer of liquid injection hole 3-2) at the moment, similarly undergoing the processes of wetting, saturation and infiltration, and stopping injecting the liquid into the liquid injection hole 3-3 at the bottommost layer (closing the liquid inlet valve 11 of the liquid injection hole 3-3 at the bottommost layer) when the leachate permeates to the position 3-3 at the bottommost layer of the next layer. The ore leaching time is related to the thickness and density of the ore soil, and can be determined by referring to the time from the beginning of liquid inlet to the first liquid outlet of the liquid inlet hole 3-3 at the bottommost layer or experiments.
(3) When the rare earth leaching solution collected by the solution collection engineering 7 is basically consistent with the solution injection amount (flow rate), indicating that the ore body between the penultimate solution injection hole 3-2 and the bottom layer is soaked, starting to inject the solution into the uppermost layer solution injection hole 3-1 at the moment, and similarly performing the processes of wetting, saturation and infiltration, and stopping injecting the penultimate solution injection hole 3-2 (closing the liquid inlet valve 11 of the penultimate solution injection hole 3-2) when the leaching solution of the uppermost layer solution injection hole 3-1 permeates to the penultimate solution injection hole 3-2. At this point, the entire ore body has been infiltrated. The liquid injection of the lower two layers is stopped, and the liquid injection of the liquid injection hole 3-1 of the uppermost layer is continued and continuously infiltrated downwards so as to fully replace the rare earth ions. Because each layer of pre-injected liquid soaks each layer of mineral soil, the mineral soil density is even, and the formed soakage layer moves downwards in parallel, the subsurface runoff is not easy to generate.
And (3) continuously injecting liquid into the liquid injection hole 3-1 on the uppermost layer until the rare earth ions are completely replaced, stopping injecting the mineral leaching agent when the liquid recovery engineering detects that the recovery is nearly completed, and starting injecting the top water.
In the process method for the in-situ leaching and injecting the ionic rare earth ore, the injecting time and the injecting time of the transverse injecting holes 3 of the layers with different heights are explained, the rare earth ions can be replaced more fully by injecting according to the time sequence and the injecting time of the embodiment, the infiltration layer can be formed to move downwards in parallel, the generation of underground runoff is avoided, and the whole construction process is safer.
Example 7
The procedure as described in example 6 was repeated except that the top-layer lateral-injection hole 3 was filled with water twice as long as the mineral leaching agent in the top-layer lateral-injection hole 3, the next-to-top-layer lateral-injection hole 3 was filled with water 50% as long as the top-layer lateral-injection hole 3, and the horizontal-injection holes 3 in the layers below the next-to-top-layer were filled with water 10% less than the top-layer lateral-injection hole 3 but not less than 20% of the top-layer lateral-injection hole 3.
And firstly, injecting clear water from the top-layer liquid injection hole, and leaching out residual rare earth leachate in the ore body, wherein the leaching time is twice of that of the injection leaching. And then closing the liquid injection valve of the top-layer liquid injection hole, injecting clean water into the next layer of liquid injection hole for leaching, wherein the leaching time is determined according to 50% of the leaching time of the previous layer, and the lower layers are gradually decreased according to 10%. The following layers were rinsed as described above, but the rinsing time was not less than 20% of the top most layer rinsing time. The rare earth ions extracted by the liquid injection and mineral leaching can be completely collected by the interception and liquid collection engineering 7 by performing water injection and leaching according to the sequence and time of the embodiment, and water resources and time cannot be wasted.
Example 8
In the process of embodiment 1, in step S2, the connecting pipe 12 is a constant diameter steel pipe, and a plurality of small mesh holes are formed in the wall of the constant diameter steel pipe along the length direction.
Or, the pipe wall of the equal-diameter steel pipe at the partial length position is provided with the reticular small holes, the pipe wall of the partial length position is not provided with the reticular small holes, the part of the steel pipe with the reticular small holes, which is inserted into the transverse liquid injection hole 3, is covered on the ore body, and the steel pipe without the reticular holes covers the ore-free area.
In this way, the mineral leaching agent can slowly and simultaneously flow out from the plurality of small mesh holes and the outlet of the connecting pipe 12 after being conveyed to the transverse liquid injection hole 3 through the connecting pipe 12, and the ore body 4 around the transverse liquid injection hole 3 can be better infiltrated.
Comparative example 1
Unlike the above embodiments, the high-pressure pump 10 is not provided, but a high-level pond is used to replace the high-pressure pump, that is, the high-level pond high-pressure difference is used to introduce the mineral leaching agent into the liquid injection hose, and then the mineral is injected into the mineral body through the transverse liquid injection hole 3. However, the pressure is limited and unadjustable, so that the leaching agent penetrates into the ore soil slowly and the production efficiency is low.
The key technology in the process method for in-situ leaching and injecting the ionic rare earth ore is layered and segmented injecting, the thickness of the ore soil needing injecting is small in each layer, the ore soil is easy to be completely infiltrated, an infiltration layer is formed, runoff and cofferdams are prevented from being generated in the ore soil, the leaching agent is uniformly infiltrated into the ore soil, the ore soil can be uniformly infiltrated by the leaching agent in the deep part of the ore body, and the ore body is fully infiltrated to completely replace rare earth ions.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The process method for in-situ leaching injection of the ionic rare earth ore is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, punching: a plurality of transverse liquid injection holes (3) are drilled at intervals on the side surface of the ionic rare earth ore body (4), and the transverse liquid injection holes (3) are transversely arranged in the ore body (4) in a penetrating way or point to the center of the ore body (4) from the periphery of the ore body (4); the plurality of transverse liquid injection holes (3) are distributed in a multi-layer manner in the height direction of the ore body (4), and the plurality of transverse liquid injection holes (3) positioned in the same layer are distributed at intervals in the horizontal direction;
s2, inserting a tube: inserting a hard long-strip material into each transverse liquid injection hole (3), and then inserting a connecting pipe (12) into each transverse liquid injection hole (3) along the hard long-strip material;
s3, liquid injection and ore leaching: the mineral leaching agent is injected into the transverse liquid injection hole (3) through the connecting pipe (12), the mineral leaching agent entering the transverse liquid injection hole (3) diffuses towards the periphery and the lower part, and the liquid injection sequence of the transverse liquid injection holes (3) on different layers is as follows: firstly, injecting an ore leaching agent into the transverse liquid injection hole (3) at the bottom layer, and then sequentially injecting the ore leaching agent into the transverse liquid injection hole (3) at the upper layer until the injection of the ore leaching agent into the transverse liquid injection hole (3) at the top layer is completed; while injecting mineral leaching agent into the transverse liquid injection hole (3), arranging a closure liquid-collecting engineering (7) at the non-ore area at the bottom of the ore body (4) to collect the rare earth leachate which flows down by seepage;
s4, water injection and leaching: injecting water into the transverse liquid injection hole (3) through the connecting pipe (12), wherein the water injection sequence of the transverse liquid injection holes (3) in different layers is as follows: firstly, injecting water into the transverse liquid injection hole (3) at the top layer, then sequentially injecting water into the transverse liquid injection hole (3) at the next layer until the water injection process of the transverse liquid injection hole (3) at the bottom layer is completed, and finishing the flow-stopping and liquid-collecting engineering (7) of the water after being showered.
2. The process of claim 1, further comprising a purification step S5 after step S4: and (4) carrying out purification and enrichment procedures on the rare earth leaching solution collected in the step S3 and the washed water collected in the step S4, and processing the rare earth leaching solution and the washed water into a rare earth primary product.
3. The process method according to claim 1, characterized in that the transverse liquid injection holes (3) of two adjacent layers are arranged in a staggered manner; the vertical distance between every two adjacent layers of the transverse liquid injection holes (3) is 3-5 meters, and the horizontal distance between every two adjacent transverse liquid injection holes (3) in the same layer of the transverse liquid injection holes (3) is 3-5 meters; the distance between the transverse liquid injection hole (3) positioned at the bottom layer and the bottom of the ore body (4) is 4-6 meters;
the hole depth of each layer of the transverse liquid injection hole (3) covers the lower layer of ore body, the transverse liquid injection hole (3) is inclined downwards along the extension direction, and the aperture of the transverse liquid injection hole (3) is 80-120 mm.
4. The process method according to claim 1, wherein the connecting pipe (12) is attached to the rigid strip and extends along the depth direction of the transverse injection hole (3), and the length of the connecting pipe (12) is smaller than the depth of the transverse injection hole (3); the length of the hard long object inserted into the transverse liquid injection hole (3) covers the ore body (4) below the transverse liquid injection hole (3), and the connecting pipe (12) inserted into the transverse liquid injection hole (3) does not cover the ore body (4) below the transverse liquid injection hole (3);
the hard long-strip objects comprise long bamboo chips and long wood strips.
5. A process according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising, before injecting the mineral leaching agent or water into the lateral injection hole (3) through the connecting pipe (12): a valve (11) is connected to the liquid injection end of each connecting pipe (12), and a liquid injection hose (2) is connected with the valve (11) of each connecting pipe (12);
mineral leaching agent or water is conveyed to the liquid injection hose (2) through the high-pressure pump (10), and the mineral leaching agent or water is conveyed to the valve (11) through the liquid injection hose (2) and enters the connecting pipe (12).
6. The process according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, when the leaching agent is injected into the lateral liquid injection hole (3) of the bottom layer, after the cut-off liquid collecting process (7) collects a rare earth leaching agent flow rate equal to the leaching agent injection liquid flow rate into the lateral liquid injection hole (3) of the bottom layer, the leaching agent injection into the lateral liquid injection hole (3) of the bottom layer is started, and the leaching agent injection into the lateral liquid injection hole (3) of the bottom layer is stopped when the leaching agent injected from the lateral liquid injection hole (3) of the bottom layer permeates into the lateral liquid injection hole (3) of the bottom layer;
and when the mineral leaching agent is injected into the transverse liquid injection hole (3) at the topmost layer, stopping injecting the mineral leaching agent when the concentration of rare earth in the rare earth leachate collected by the interception liquid collection engineering (7) is lower than 0.2 g/L.
7. The process method according to claim 6, wherein when the leaching agent is injected into the transverse liquid injection hole (3) of the other layer above the bottom layer, the injection of the leaching agent into the transverse liquid injection hole (3) of the next layer is stopped when the rare earth leaching solution penetrates into the transverse liquid injection hole (3) of the next layer;
and after the flow rate of the rare earth leaching solution collected by the intercepting liquid collecting engineering (7) is equal to the flow rate of the leaching agent injected into the transverse liquid injection holes (3) of other layers above the bottom layer, the leaching agent is injected into the transverse liquid injection hole (3) of the upper layer.
8. The process method as claimed in claim 1, wherein before the water injection leaching of the step S4, water injection to the top layer transverse injection hole (3) is started when the rare earth concentration in the rare earth leachate collected by the interception liquid-collecting engineering (7) is lower than 0.2 g/L.
9. A process according to claim 8, characterized in that the time for injecting the mineral leaching agent into the top-level lateral injection hole (3) is twice the time for injecting the mineral leaching agent into the top-level lateral injection hole (3), the time for injecting the water into the next-to-top-level lateral injection hole (3) is 50% of the time for injecting the water into the top-level lateral injection hole (3), and the time for injecting the water into the lateral injection holes (3) in the layers below the next-to-top-level is reduced by 10% in this order but not less than 20% of the time for injecting the water into the top-level lateral injection hole (3).
10. The process of claim 1, wherein in step S2 the connecting tube (12) is a constant diameter steel tube.
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