CN112852494A

CN112852494A - Distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system and method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112852494A
Application number: CN202011548422.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈祎; 陆杰; 刘金和; 李晴; 杨明辉; 杨光成; 李建宇; 程建军; 司徒达志; 刘晓伟; 张子炜
Original assignee: China General Nuclear Power Corp; China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co Ltd; CGN Power Co Ltd
Current assignee: China General Nuclear Power Corp; China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co Ltd; CGN Power Co Ltd; China Nuclear Power Institute Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-24
Filing date: 2020-12-24
Publication date: 2021-05-28

Abstract

The invention discloses a distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system and a method thereof. The distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system comprises a low-temperature drying mechanism, a pretreatment mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a gasification furnace, a plasma melting furnace, a homogeneous phase reforming mechanism, a high-temperature dust remover, a first heat exchanger, a high-efficiency gas-liquid mass transfer reactor, a gas generator set, a second heat exchanger and a sulfur, dust and nitrate integrated removal device; the plasma melting furnace is connected with the gasification furnace. The distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system is safe and reliable, high in efficiency and low in cost, and can effectively solve the problems of waste harmlessness and recycling, dioxin, heavy metal and organic pollutant discharge and the like.

Description

Distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system and method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a solid waste recycling and harmless disposal technology, in particular to a distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system and a method thereof.

Background

Solid waste refers to solid, semi-solid and gaseous items, materials disposed in containers that are discarded or discarded without losing their original value of use produced during manufacturing, life and other activities, as well as items, materials regulated by law and administrative laws and regulations that are incorporated into waste management. At present, solid wastes are mainly treated by burning to generate electricity. In the conventional incineration power generation, an integrated furnace is generally adopted, namely materials are gasified and melted in the same furnace, and auxiliary fuel such as coke and the like is required to be added in order to ensure the heat of melting and the reduction of metal in bottom slag. The traditional integrated furnace is easy to slag, and the formula and the bottom slag are not fully mixed, so that the glass curing effect is poor, and the requirement on leaching characteristics of hazardous wastes is difficult to meet; in addition, the traditional integrated furnace is easy to generate a large amount of thermal NOx, the temperature is uneven, the tar generated by gasification is easy to crack incompletely, and certain influence is caused on the gas generator set.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on this, it is necessary to provide a distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system and a method thereof. The distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation method is safe and reliable, high in efficiency and low in cost, and can effectively solve the problems of waste harmlessness and reclamation, dioxin, heavy metal and organic pollutant discharge and the like. The distributed solid waste gasification and melting power generation device has high power generation efficiency and high heat efficiency.

A distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system comprises a low-temperature drying mechanism, a pretreatment mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a gasification furnace, a plasma melting furnace, a homogeneous phase reforming mechanism, a high-temperature dust remover, a first heat exchanger, a high-efficiency gas-liquid mass transfer reactor, a gas generator set, a second heat exchanger and a sulfur, dust and nitrate integrated removal device; the low-temperature drying mechanism, the pretreatment mechanism, the feeding mechanism, the gasification furnace, the homogeneous phase reforming mechanism, the high-temperature dust remover, the first heat exchanger, the high-efficiency gas-liquid mass transfer reactor, the gas generator set, the second heat exchanger and the sulfur-dust-nitrate integrated removal device are sequentially connected, and the plasma melting furnace is further connected with the gasification furnace.

In one embodiment, the distributed solid waste gasification and fusion power generation system further comprises a first temporary storage bin; the first temporary storage bin is connected to the low-temperature drying mechanism.

In one embodiment, the distributed solid waste gasification and fusion power generation system further comprises a second temporary storage bin; the second temporary storage bin is connected between the pretreatment mechanism and the feeding mechanism.

In one embodiment, the distributed solid waste gasification and fusion power generation system further comprises a slag recycling device, and the slag recycling device is connected to the plasma melting furnace.

In one embodiment, the slag recycling device comprises an electric furnace, a centrifuge, a cotton collecting machine, a pleating machine, a beating machine and a curing oven which are sequentially connected.

In one embodiment, the distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system further comprises an air inducing mechanism, and the air inducing mechanism is arranged between the high-efficiency gas-liquid mass transfer reactor and the gas generator set.

In one embodiment, the distributed solid waste gasification and fusion power generation system further comprises a steam turbine power generation unit, and the first heat exchanger and/or the second heat exchanger are/is further respectively connected to the steam turbine power generation unit.

In one embodiment, the homogeneous reforming mechanism comprises a homogeneous reforming box body and a gas inlet loop, wherein the reforming box body is provided with a front port, a rear port, a steam inlet and a plasma torch interface, the front port is communicated with a gas outlet of the gasification furnace, the rear port is communicated with the high-temperature dust remover, and the gas inlet loop is communicated with the homogeneous reforming box body.

In one embodiment, the homogeneous reforming mechanism further comprises an inner liner and a heat insulation plate, the heat insulation plate wraps the inner liner, and the heat insulation plate inner liner is arranged in the homogeneous reforming box;

and/or the number of the air inlet circular pipes is multiple, the air inlet circular pipes are distributed in a multistage manner, and the air inlet circular pipes are eccentrically arranged.

In one embodiment, the feeding mechanism is a hydraulic push rod feeding mechanism or a screw conveyor.

In one embodiment, the integrated sulfur-dust-nitrate removing device is further connected to the low-temperature drying mechanism, and high-temperature flue gas generated by the integrated sulfur-dust-nitrate removing device enters the low-temperature drying mechanism to be recycled.

A power generation method using the distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system, comprising the following steps:

putting the solid waste into a low-temperature drying mechanism for drying treatment, so that the water content of the solid waste is not higher than 30%; the dried solid waste enters a pretreatment mechanism for sorting and crushing treatment to obtain waste particles, wherein the particle size of the waste particles is not more than 150 mm;

the waste particles enter a gasification furnace through a feeding mechanism to carry out gasification reaction, the gasified bottom slag in the gasification furnace enters a plasma melting furnace to carry out melting treatment and form harmless glass solidified bodies, the gasified gas containing tar generated by the gasification furnace enters a homogeneous phase reforming mechanism to carry out chemical reaction to obtain purified gasified gas, the gasified gas enters a high-temperature dust remover to carry out dust removal treatment so as to remove solid particles, the gasified gas after dust removal treatment is subjected to heat exchange treatment by a first heat exchanger, so that the gasified gas is cooled to not higher than 150 ℃, and the gasified gas after temperature reduction enters a high-efficiency gas-liquid mass transfer reactor to carry out deacidification and wet dust removal treatment and then enters a gas generator set to carry out power generation; and medium-temperature flue gas discharged by the gas generator set enters the sulfur-dust-nitrate integrated removing device for dust removal and denitration treatment after being subjected to heat exchange treatment by the second heat exchanger.

In one embodiment, the steam generated by the heat exchange treatment of the second heat exchanger and/or the steam generated by the heat exchange treatment of the first heat exchanger is merged into a steam generator set to generate electricity.

In one embodiment, the solidified glass enters a slag recycling device to be made into rock wool.

In one embodiment, the medium-temperature flue gas obtained by dust removal and denitration treatment in the integrated sulfur dust and nitrate removal device is introduced into the low-temperature drying mechanism to indirectly dry the solid waste in the low-temperature drying mechanism.

The distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system is safe, reliable, high in efficiency and low in cost, and can effectively solve the problems of waste harmlessness and reclamation, dioxin, heavy metal and organic pollutant discharge and the like.

The invention adopts a split type furnace type, namely a two-furnace structure of a gasification furnace and a plasma melting furnace, and the split type furnace type has the following advantages: the gasification furnace is free of a plasma torch, the gasification process can be self-maintained by depending on the heat value of waste, auxiliary fuel is not required to be added, the overall temperature is controllable, slagging is not prone to occurring, the gasified bottom slag can be conveyed to the plasma melting furnace through the heat conveying equipment, the formula and the bottom slag are uniformly mixed after being pretreated, a good glass curing effect can be achieved, the two furnaces can run in parallel or separately, and the gasification furnace can be flexibly adjusted according to production requirements. The overall temperature of the gasification furnace is low, and the generated thermal NOx is less.

The invention adopts the homogeneous reforming mechanism, when in use, a small amount of air and steam are introduced into the front end of the homogeneous reforming mechanism, thereby realizing the partial oxidation and steam reforming of tar, completely converting the tar into gas, and simultaneously utilizing the gas containing abundant H₂In the homogeneous phase conversion reaction process, C-Cl in gasified gas is combined with H to form stable HCl molecules under proper reaction conditions, so that the inhibition of C-Cl is realized, and the generation of dioxin can be controlled from the source by the directional transfer of Cl to HCl in consideration of the characteristic that C-Cl is dioxin and common hydrocarbon molecules; in addition, a plasma torch can be arranged at the rear end of the homogeneous reforming mechanism, and dioxin and tar can be thoroughly removed by the plasma torch.

Compared with the traditional alkaline washing tower, the efficient gas-liquid mass transfer reactor can obviously improve the chemical reaction rate between the smoke components and the sprayed absorption liquid, thereby simplifying the design volume, and the efficient gas-liquid mass transfer reactor has the height of about 2 meters, is obviously lower than a washing tower with the height of several 10 meters, and occupies small space.

The integrated sulfur-dust-nitrate removing device is adopted to replace the traditional SCR catalytic tower, the ceramic filter tube in the integrated sulfur-dust-nitrate removing device is made of materials with high strength, high porosity and low density, the thermal shock resistance is good, the high temperature resistance and the corrosion resistance are realized, and the body is rigid and self-supporting without a frame. The filtering performance of the sulfur-dust-nitrate integrated removing device is superior to that of the traditional filter bag, the sulfur-dust-nitrate integrated removing device has excellent denitration capability, and the flue gas purifying effect of sulfur-dust-nitrate integration can be realized.

The combined cycle power generation is adopted, namely, the gasified gas generated by gasification enters a gas generator set for power generation, and the steam generated by the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger enters a steam generator set for waste heat power generation, so that the power generation efficiency and the heat efficiency of the system are improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a distributed solid waste gasification and fusion power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a homogeneous reforming mechanism of the distributed solid waste gasification and fusion power generation system shown in the figure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the homogeneous reforming mechanism shown in FIG. 2.

Description of the reference numerals

10. A distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system; 100. a low temperature drying mechanism; 200. a pretreatment mechanism; 300. a feeding mechanism; 400. a gasification furnace; 500. a plasma melting furnace; 600. a homogeneous reforming mechanism; 610. a homogeneous reforming box body; 601. a front port; 602. a rear port; 603. a water vapor inlet; 604. a plasma torch interface; 620. an air inlet ring pipe; 630. a liner; 640. a thermal insulation board; 650. a foot seat; 700. a high temperature dust remover; 800. a first heat exchanger; 900. a high efficiency gas-liquid mass transfer reactor; 1000. a gas generator set; 1100. a second heat exchanger; 1200. a sulfur dust and nitrate integrated removing device; 1300. a first temporary storage bin; 1400. a second temporary storage bin; 1500. a slag recycling device; 1600. an air inducing mechanism; 1700. and (4) a steam turbine generator set.

Detailed Description

To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms used in the present invention are used in the description of the present invention, and it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. in the present invention are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

It should be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. are used herein to describe various information, but the information should not be limited to these terms, which are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, "first" information may also be referred to as "second" information, and similarly, "second" information may also be referred to as "first" information, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being fixed or detachable or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening elements, or they may be in communication within two elements, i.e., when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it may be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any 160 and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Referring to fig. 1, a distributed solid waste gasification and fusion power generation system 10 is provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.

A distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system 10 comprises a low-temperature drying mechanism 100, a pretreatment mechanism 200, a feeding mechanism 300, a gasification furnace 400, a plasma melting furnace 500, a homogeneous phase reforming mechanism 600, a high-temperature dust remover 700, a first heat exchanger 800, a high-efficiency gas-liquid mass transfer reactor 900, a gas generator set 1000, a second heat exchanger 1100 and a sulfur, dust and nitrate integrated removal device 1200.

The low-temperature drying mechanism 100, the pretreatment mechanism 200, the feeding mechanism 300, the gasification furnace 400, the homogeneous reforming mechanism 600, the high-temperature dust remover 700, the first heat exchanger 800, the high-efficiency gas-liquid mass transfer reactor 900, the gas generator set 1000, the second heat exchanger 1100 and the sulfur-dust-nitrate integrated removal device 1200 are sequentially connected, and the plasma melting furnace 500 is further connected to the gasification furnace 400.

In one embodiment, the distributed solid waste gasification fusion power generation system 10 further comprises a first temporary storage silo 1300. The first temporary storage compartment 1300 is connected to the low-temperature drying mechanism 100.

In one embodiment, the distributed solid waste gasification and fusion power generation system 10 further comprises a second temporary storage bin 1400. The second temporary storage bin 1400 is connected between the preprocessing mechanism 200 and the feeding mechanism 300.

In one embodiment, the first temporary storage compartment 1300 and the second temporary storage compartment 1400 are both closed temporary storage compartments, which can prevent the generated exhaust air from polluting the surrounding environment, and the first temporary storage compartment 1300 and the second temporary storage compartment 1400 are equipped with independent deodorizing devices.

In one embodiment, the distributed solid waste gasification and fusion power generation system 10 further comprises a slag recycling device 1500. The slag recycling apparatus 1500 is connected to the plasma melting furnace 500.

In one embodiment, the slag recycling apparatus 1500 includes an electric furnace, a centrifuge, a cotton collector, a pleating machine, a beater, and a curing oven, which are connected in sequence.

In one embodiment, the distributed solid waste gasification fusion power generation system 10 further includes an induced draft mechanism 1600. The induced draft mechanism 1600 is arranged between the high-efficiency gas-liquid mass transfer reactor 900 and the gas generator set 1000.

In one embodiment, the distributed solid waste gasification fusion power generation system 10 further includes a steam turbine generator set 1700. The first and

second heat exchangers

800 and 1100 are also connected to a steam turbine generator set 1700, respectively.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the homogeneous reforming mechanism 600 includes a homogeneous reforming box 610 having a front port 601, a rear port 602, a steam inlet 603 and a plasma torch interface 604, the front port 601 is communicated with the gas outlet of the gasifier 400, the rear port 602 is communicated with the high temperature dust collector 700, and the gas inlet loop 620 is communicated with the homogeneous reforming box 610. The plasma torch interface 604 is connected to a plasma torch, and can thoroughly remove pollutants such as dioxin, tar and the like in the gas.

In one embodiment, the homogeneous reforming mechanism 600 further comprises an inner liner 630 and a heat insulation plate 640, the heat insulation plate 640 wraps the inner liner 630, and the heat insulation plate 640 and the inner liner 630 are disposed in the homogeneous reforming box 610.

In one embodiment, the number of the inlet pipes 620 is multiple, and as shown in fig. 3, the plurality of inlet pipes 620 are distributed in multiple stages and the inlet pipes 620 are eccentrically disposed with an eccentric angle of 5 ° to 10 °, so that the eccentric arrangement of the inlet pipes 620 can ensure uniform mixing of the gas introduced into the homogeneous reforming chamber 610 from the inlet pipes 620. It should be noted that the eccentric arrangement is that the gas inlet loop 620 is arranged according to the orientation shown in fig. 3, which ensures that the gas introduced into the gas inlet loop 620 can be mixed uniformly to the maximum extent. The multistage arrangement of the inlet grommet 620 means that the plurality of inlet grommet 620 are formed in a plurality of groups, and the plurality of inlet grommet 620 of each group are eccentrically arranged on the same circular ring.

Further, referring to fig. 2, the homogeneous reforming mechanism 600 further includes a foot 650 connected to the homogeneous reforming tank 610 for supporting the homogeneous reforming tank 610.

Various reforming media including steam, air and the like can be introduced into the homogeneous reforming mechanism 600 through the homogeneous reforming mechanism 600, the inner lining 630 of the homogeneous reforming mechanism 600, the heat insulation plate 640, the inner lining 630 of the homogeneous reforming mechanism 640, and the homogeneous reforming box body 610. If the hydrogen content needs to be increased, a proper amount of water vapor can be introduced.

In one embodiment, the feed mechanism 300 is a hydraulic ram feed mechanism or a screw conveyor.

In one embodiment, the integrated removing device 1200 for sulfur, dust and nitrate is further connected to the low-temperature drying mechanism 100, and the high-temperature flue gas generated by the integrated removing device 1200 for sulfur, dust and nitrate enters the low-temperature drying mechanism 100 for reuse.

The distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system 10 is safe, reliable, high in efficiency and low in cost, and can effectively solve the problems of waste harmlessness and recycling, dioxin, heavy metal and organic pollutant discharge and the like. The dust removal efficiency of the integrated sulfur dust and nitrate removal device 1200 is more than 99%, the deacidification efficiency is more than 50%, the denitration efficiency is between 85% and 90%, and the decomposition rate of dioxin is about 99%.

An embodiment of the present invention also provides a method of generating power using the distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system 10.

A method of generating power in a distributed solid waste gasification and fusion power generation system 10, comprising the steps of:

putting the solid waste into a low-temperature drying mechanism 100 for drying treatment, so that the water content of the solid waste is not higher than 30%; and (3) sorting and crushing the dried solid waste in a pretreatment mechanism 200 to obtain waste particles, wherein the particle size of the waste particles is not more than 150 mm.

The waste particles enter the gasification furnace 400 through the feeding mechanism 300 for gasification reaction, and the gasification bottom slag in the gasification furnace 400The gas enters a plasma melting furnace 500 for melting treatment and forms harmless glass solidified body, the tar-containing gasified gas generated by the gasification furnace 400 enters a homogeneous reforming mechanism 600 for chemical reaction to obtain purified gasified gas, a proper amount of air and steam are sprayed into the homogeneous reforming mechanism 600, the reaction temperature can reach more than 900 ℃, and under the reaction condition, tar in the tar-containing gasified gas is converted into combustible gas (H) through partial oxidation and steam reforming reaction₂And CO), utilizing the gas containing abundant H₂The Cl is directionally converted to HCl. The gasified gas enters a high-temperature dust remover 700 for dust removal treatment to remove solid particles, the gasified gas after dust removal treatment is subjected to heat exchange treatment by a first heat exchanger 800, so that the temperature of the gasified gas is reduced to be not higher than 150 ℃, and the cooled gasified gas enters a high-efficiency gas-liquid mass transfer reactor 900 for deacidification and wet dust removal treatment and then enters a gas generator set 1000 for power generation; the middle temperature flue gas discharged by the gas generator set 1000 at 500-600 ℃ is subjected to heat exchange treatment by the second heat exchanger 1100.

In one embodiment, the method of power generation of the distributed solid waste gasification fusion power generation system 10 further comprises the steps of: and the steam generated by the heat exchange of the second heat exchanger and the steam generated by the first heat exchanger 800 are merged into the steam generator set to generate electricity.

In one embodiment, the method of power generation of the distributed solid waste gasification fusion power generation system 10 further comprises the steps of: the glass solidified body enters a slag recycling device 1500 to be made into rock wool (microcrystalline glass).

In one embodiment, the method of power generation of the distributed solid waste gasification fusion power generation system 10 further comprises the steps of: the medium temperature flue gas discharged from the gas generator set 1000 is subjected to heat exchange treatment by the second heat exchanger 1100, and then is subjected to dust removal and denitration treatment by the integrated sulfur-dust-nitrate removal device 1200, and the medium temperature flue gas obtained by the dust removal and denitration treatment in the integrated sulfur-dust-nitrate removal device 1200 is introduced into the low temperature drying mechanism to be used for indirectly drying the solid waste in the low temperature drying mechanism.

Example 1

The present embodiment provides a power generation method of the distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system 10.

putting the solid waste into a low-temperature drying mechanism 100 for drying treatment, so that the water content of the solid waste is not higher than 30%; and (3) the dried solid waste enters a pretreatment mechanism 200 for sorting and crushing treatment, inert substances such as metal, glass and the like are removed during sorting, and waste particles are obtained after crushing, wherein the particle size of the waste particles is not more than 150 mm. The waste particles may be buffered in the second buffer bin 1400.

Waste particles in the second temporary storage bin 1400 enter the gasification furnace 400 through the feeding mechanism 300 for gasification reaction, the calorific value of solid waste is generally higher than 1000kCal/kg, self-maintenance reaction can be realized in the gasification furnace 400, the gasified bottom slag in the gasification furnace 400 enters the plasma melting furnace 500 to form completely harmless glass solidified bodies, and the glass solidified bodies enter the slag recycling device 1500 to be made into rock wool (glass ceramics). The tar-containing gasified gas generated by the gasification furnace 400 enters the homogeneous reforming mechanism 600, a proper amount of air and steam are sprayed into the homogeneous reforming mechanism 600, the homogeneous reforming mechanism 600 performs a chemical reaction to obtain a purified gasified gas, the reaction temperature can reach over 900 ℃, and under the reaction condition, the tar in the tar-containing gasified gas is converted into a combustible gas (H) through partial oxidation and steam reforming reactions₂And CO), utilizing the gas containing abundant H₂The Cl is directionally converted into HCl, the generation of dioxin is controlled from the source, finally, the dioxin and tar are thoroughly removed by using a plasma torch, the gasified and generated gas enters a high-temperature dust remover 700 for dust removal treatment to remove solid particles, the gasified and generated gas after dust removal treatment is subjected to heat exchange treatment by a first heat exchanger 800, the temperature of the gasified and generated gas is reduced to be not higher than 150 ℃, and the gasified and generated gas after temperature reduction enters a high-efficiency gas-liquid mass transfer reactor 900 for deacidification and wet dust removal treatment and then enters a gas generator set 1000 for power generation.

The medium temperature flue gas of 500-600 ℃ discharged by the gas generator set 1000 is subjected to heat exchange treatment by a second heat exchanger 1100 to be cooled to about 200 ℃. The medium-temperature flue gas discharged by the first heat exchanger 800 gas generator set 1000 is subjected to heat exchange treatment by the second heat exchanger 1100, and then is subjected to dust removal and denitration treatment by the sulfur-dust-nitrate integrated removing device 1200, and the medium-temperature flue gas obtained by the dust removal and denitration treatment in the sulfur-dust-nitrate integrated removing device 1200 is introduced into the low-temperature drying mechanism to be used for indirectly drying the solid waste in the low-temperature drying mechanism, so that the water content of the solid waste in the low-temperature drying mechanism is ensured to be lower than 30%. And the steam generated by the heat exchange of the second heat exchanger and the steam generated by the first heat exchanger 800 are merged into the steam generator set to generate electricity.

In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the invention adopts a split type furnace type, namely a two-furnace structure of the gasification furnace 400 and the plasma melting furnace 500, and the split type furnace type has the following advantages: the gasification furnace 400 has no plasma torch, the gasification process can be self-maintained by depending on the heat value of waste, auxiliary fuel is not required to be added, the overall temperature is controllable, slagging is not easy to occur, the gasified bottom slag can pass through the heat conveying equipment to the plasma melting furnace 500, the formula and the bottom slag are uniformly mixed after pretreatment, a better glass curing effect can be realized, the two furnaces can run in parallel or separately, and the gasification furnace can be flexibly adjusted according to production requirements. The gasification furnace 400 has a low overall temperature, and generates thermal NOx such as NO and NO₂Less.

(2) The invention adopts the homogeneous reforming mechanism 600, when in use, a small amount of air and steam are introduced into the front end of the homogeneous reforming mechanism 600, thereby realizing the partial oxidation and steam reforming of tar, completely converting the tar into gas, and simultaneously utilizing the gas containing abundant H₂In the homogeneous phase conversion reaction process, C-Cl in gasified gas is combined with H to form stable HCl molecules under proper reaction conditions, so that the inhibition of C-Cl is realized, and the generation of dioxin can be controlled from the source by the directional transfer of Cl to HCl in consideration of the characteristic that C-Cl is dioxin and common hydrocarbon molecules; in addition, a plasma torch may be disposed at the rear end of the homogeneous reforming mechanism 600, and dioxin and tar may be thoroughly removed by the plasma torch.

(3) Compared with the traditional alkaline washing tower, the efficient gas-liquid mass transfer reactor 900 can obviously improve the chemical reaction rate between the smoke components and the sprayed absorption liquid, so that the design volume can be simplified, the height of the efficient gas-liquid mass transfer reactor 900 is about 2 meters, the height of the efficient gas-liquid mass transfer reactor 900 is obviously lower than that of a washing tower with the height of several 10 meters, and the occupied space is small.

(4) According to the invention, the sulfur-dust-nitre integrated removing device 1200 is used for replacing the traditional SCR catalytic tower, the ceramic filter tube in the sulfur-dust-nitre integrated removing device 1200 is made of materials with high strength, high porosity and low density, the thermal shock resistance is good, the high temperature resistance and the corrosion resistance are realized, and the body is rigid and self-supporting without a frame. The integrated sulfur-dust-nitrate removal device 1200 has superior filtering performance to the traditional filter bag, has excellent denitration capability, and can realize the flue gas purification effect of the integrated sulfur-dust-nitrate.

(5) The invention adopts combined cycle power generation, namely, the gasified gas generated by gasification enters the gas generator set 1000 for power generation, and the steam generated by the first heat exchanger 800 and the second heat exchanger 1100 enters the steam generator set for waste heat power generation, thereby improving the power generation efficiency and the heat efficiency of the system.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system is characterized by comprising a low-temperature drying mechanism, a pretreatment mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a gasification furnace, a plasma melting furnace, a homogeneous reforming mechanism, a high-temperature dust remover, a first heat exchanger, a high-efficiency gas-liquid mass transfer reactor, a gas generator set, a second heat exchanger and a sulfur, dust and nitrate integrated removal device; the low-temperature drying mechanism, the pretreatment mechanism, the feeding mechanism, the gasification furnace, the homogeneous phase reforming mechanism, the high-temperature dust remover, the first heat exchanger, the high-efficiency gas-liquid mass transfer reactor, the gas generator set, the second heat exchanger and the sulfur-dust-nitrate integrated removal device are sequentially connected, and the plasma melting furnace is further connected with the gasification furnace.

2. The distributed solid waste gasification and fusion power generation system of claim 1, further comprising a first temporary storage bin; the first temporary storage bin is connected to the low-temperature drying mechanism.

3. The distributed solid waste gasification and fusion power generation system of claim 1, further comprising a second temporary storage bin; the second temporary storage bin is connected between the pretreatment mechanism and the feeding mechanism.

4. The distributed solid waste gasification and fusion power generation system of claim 1, further comprising a slag reclamation apparatus connected to the plasma melter.

5. The distributed solid waste gasification and fusion power generation system of claim 4, wherein the slag recycling device comprises an electric furnace, a centrifuge, a cotton collector, a pleating machine, a presser and a curing furnace which are sequentially connected.

6. The distributed solid waste gasification smelting power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising an air induction mechanism disposed between the high efficiency gas-liquid mass transfer reactor and the gas-fired power generation unit.

7. The distributed solid waste gasification and fusion power generation system of any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a steam turbine power generation unit, wherein the first heat exchanger and/or the second heat exchanger are further connected to the steam turbine power generation unit respectively.

8. The distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the homogeneous reforming mechanism comprises a homogeneous reforming box and a gas inlet loop, the reforming box has a front port, a rear port, a steam inlet and a plasma torch interface, the front port is communicated with the gas outlet of the gasification furnace, and the rear port is communicated with the high temperature dust remover; the gas inlet ring pipe is communicated with the homogeneous phase reforming box body.

9. The distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system of claim 8, wherein the homogeneous reforming mechanism further comprises a liner and a heat insulation plate, wherein the heat insulation plate wraps the liner, and the heat insulation plate liner is arranged in the homogeneous reforming box;

10. The distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the feeding mechanism is a hydraulic push rod feeding mechanism or a screw conveyor.

11. The distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the integrated sulfur-dust-nitrate removal device is further connected to the low-temperature drying mechanism, and high-temperature flue gas generated by the integrated sulfur-dust-nitrate removal device enters the low-temperature drying mechanism to be reused.

12. A method of generating electricity using the distributed solid waste gasification and fusion power generation system of any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising the steps of:

putting the solid waste into a low-temperature drying mechanism for drying treatment, so that the water content of the solid waste is not higher than 30%; the dried solid waste enters a pretreatment mechanism to be sorted and crushed to obtain waste particles, and the particle size of the waste particles is not more than 150 mm;

the waste particles enter a gasification furnace through a feeding mechanism to carry out gasification reaction, the gasified bottom slag in the gasification furnace enters a plasma melting furnace to carry out melting treatment and form harmless glass solidified bodies, the gasified gas containing tar generated by the gasification furnace enters a homogeneous phase reforming mechanism to carry out chemical reaction to obtain purified gasified gas, the gasified gas enters a high-temperature dust remover to carry out dust removal treatment so as to remove solid particles, the gasified gas after dust removal treatment is subjected to heat exchange treatment by a first heat exchanger so that the gasified gas is cooled to be not higher than 150 ℃, and the gasified gas after temperature reduction is subjected to deacidification and wet dust removal treatment by a high-efficiency gas-liquid mass transfer reactor and then enters a gas generator set to generate electricity; and medium-temperature flue gas discharged by the gas generator set enters the sulfur-dust-nitrate integrated removing device for dust removal and denitration treatment after being subjected to heat exchange treatment by the second heat exchanger.

13. The distributed solid waste gasification and fusion power generation system of claim 12, wherein steam generated by the heat exchange process of the second heat exchanger and/or steam generated by the heat exchange process of the first heat exchanger is incorporated into a steam-electric power generation unit to generate power.

14. The distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system of claim 12, wherein the solidified glass enters a slag recycling device to be made into rock wool.

15. The distributed solid waste gasification melting power generation system according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the medium-temperature flue gas obtained through dust removal and denitration treatment by the integrated sulfur, dust and nitrate removal device is introduced into the low-temperature drying mechanism to dry the solid waste in the low-temperature drying mechanism.