CN112852473A - Waste plastic anaerobic cracking system and method - Google Patents
Waste plastic anaerobic cracking system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112852473A CN112852473A CN202110039474.7A CN202110039474A CN112852473A CN 112852473 A CN112852473 A CN 112852473A CN 202110039474 A CN202110039474 A CN 202110039474A CN 112852473 A CN112852473 A CN 112852473A
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- fluidized bed
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
Abstract
The invention discloses a waste plastic anaerobic cracking system and a waste plastic anaerobic cracking method, wherein the system comprises a fluidized bed, a feeding pipe connected with the lower part of the fluidized bed, a cyclone device connected with the upper part of the fluidized bed, a combustion chamber and a deaerator, a pipeline from the top of the cyclone device comprises a first branch and a second branch, the first branch is that partial gas from the cyclone device enters the combustion chamber and the deaerator, the second branch is that partial gas from the cyclone device enters the deaerator, and the deaerator is connected with the bottom of the fluidized bed. According to the invention, by controlling the air-fuel ratio of the combustion chamber and arranging the deaerator, oxygen entering the fluidized bed is further controlled, and harmful substances such as dioxin are prevented from being generated; the direct heating is adopted, the heat efficiency is high, and the energy consumption in the whole waste plastic disposal process is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plastic treatment, in particular to a waste plastic anaerobic cracking system and method.
Background
With the rapid development of the plastic industry, the application of plastic products is more and more extensive, and the large application of plastic causes serious environmental pollution and enriches along the food chain to affect human health. At present, the treatment method aiming at the plastic garbage mainly comprises a landfill method, an incineration method, a recycling method, a degradation method and a thermal cracking method. Although the landfill method is simple in treatment, the plastic has long decomposition time and occupies a large amount of land, so that secondary pollution is easily caused. The incineration method can generate harmful substances when used for treating plastics, and causes secondary pollution to the environment. The recycling method and the degradation method have high requirements on the classification of plastics, and the formed products are easy to mix with impurities and have high cost. Pyrolysis has the advantages of full degradation, little harm to the environment and reusability of products, and becomes an important means for treating plastics.
Chinese patent application CN200710126111.7 discloses a continuous cracking process and equipment for waste plastics, but the device has the disadvantages of complex structure, high energy consumption, large operation difficulty and large discharge treatment capacity of waste gas and waste solids. Chinese patent application CN200810036702.X discloses a method for producing fuel oil by continuous catalytic cracking of mixed waste plastics, which comprises the steps of cracking the waste plastics at the temperature of 360-390 ℃, heating and vaporizing crude oil, entering a secondary catalytic cracking reformed fluidized bed reactor, and catalytically cracking at the temperature of 390-400 ℃ to produce gasoline and diesel oil.
At present, the common problems of waste plastic pyrolysis, especially the waste plastic pyrolysis containing more other impurities, are as follows: waste plastics can generate strong carcinogenic substances such as dioxin and the like in an aerobic and high-temperature environment; the existing plastic cracking equipment generally adopts jacket heating anaerobic cracking process, so that the heat exchange efficiency is low, and the energy consumption of the system is high; chlorine or sulfur in the cracked gas is easy to corrode equipment, so that the environment is polluted; the tar generated by cracking is deposited on the pipeline due to low temperature, so that the pipeline is easy to block, and the long-term stable operation of the system is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a waste plastic anaerobic cracking system and a waste plastic anaerobic cracking method, which effectively solve the problems in the prior art.
In one aspect, the invention provides an anaerobic waste plastic cracking system, which comprises a fluidized bed, a feeding pipe connected with the lower part of the fluidized bed, a cyclone device connected with the upper part of the fluidized bed, a combustion chamber and a deaerator, wherein a pipeline from the top of the cyclone device comprises a first branch and a second branch, the first branch is a part of gas from the cyclone device and enters the combustion chamber and the deaerator, the second branch is a part of gas from the cyclone device and enters the deaerator, and the deaerator is connected with the bottom of the fluidized bed.
In a preferred embodiment, the pipeline from the cyclone device further comprises a third branch, and the third branch is used for fully recycling the residual pyrolysis gas.
The air-fuel ratio of the combustion chamber is controlled to be less than 1.
And oxygen content monitors are arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the deaerator.
The fluidized bed bottom is equipped with air distribution plate and ash discharge mouth, and the side is equipped with the feed back mouth.
And the lower part of the cyclone device is provided with a pipeline which is connected with a feed back port on the side surface of the fluidized bed.
On the other hand, the invention also provides an anaerobic cracking method of waste plastics, which comprises the following steps:
feeding the crushed waste plastics from a feeding pipe at the lower part of the fluidized bed, and carrying out pyrolysis reaction on the waste plastics and oxygen-free high-temperature gas in the fluidized bed to generate pyrolysis gas;
the pyrolysis gas enters a cyclone device for gas-solid separation, part of the gas from the top of the cyclone device enters a combustion chamber for incomplete combustion, and then enters a deaerator for deoxidization; one part of the mixture enters a deaerator to be deaerated;
and the gas from the deaerator directly enters the bottom of the fluidized bed to directly heat the waste plastics.
In order to fully utilize resources, the residual gas from the top of the cyclone device is fully recycled.
In order to prevent the chlorine and/or sulfur formed from polluting the environment, the plant is corroded, preferably by the addition of an absorbent at the feed for removing chlorine and/or sulfur from the cracked gas.
The absorbent is at least one of calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide or alkali metal carbonate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention realizes the direct heat exchange between the smoke and the materials under the oxygen-free condition, has high thermal efficiency, has lower energy consumption in the whole waste plastic disposal process, can keep the gas temperature at the outlet of the fluidized bed in a higher range (500 ℃) under low energy consumption, and simultaneously reduces the tar content;
(2) according to the invention, by controlling the air-fuel ratio of the combustion chamber and arranging the deaerator, oxygen entering the fluidized bed is further controlled, and harmful substances such as dioxin are prevented from being generated.
The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram I of the anaerobic waste plastic cracking system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the anaerobic waste plastic cracking system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a third schematic structural diagram of the anaerobic waste plastic cracking system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in many ways different from those described herein, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that similar modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the invention is therefore not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In the present invention, terms such as "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such article or apparatus. Two elements may be connected together directly or through intervening elements. The terms "first, second and third" are used only to avoid confusion among designated elements and do not denote an order or importance of the elements or relationships among the elements.
Oxygen-free in this application means that the oxygen content approaches infinity to 0 (< 0.5%). Waste plastics are mixed plastics with complex components, such as: waste plastics in the paper industry and waste plastics after garbage classification.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides an anaerobic cracking system for waste plastics, which comprises a fluidized bed 1, a feeding pipe 2 connected with the lower part of the fluidized bed, a cyclone device 3 connected with the upper part of the fluidized bed, a combustion chamber I4 and a deaerator 5, wherein a pipeline from the top of the cyclone device 3 comprises a first branch 31 and a second branch 32, the first branch is that part of gas from the cyclone device enters the combustion chamber I and the deaerator, the second branch is that part of gas from the cyclone device directly enters the deaerator, and the deaerator 5 is connected with the bottom of the fluidized bed 1. The gases of the first branch and the second branch are merged in the deaerator.
The waste plastic is pyrolyzed and gasified by adopting a direct heating anaerobic cracking technology to form cracked gas, the cracked gas passes through a cyclone device and then enters at least two branches, the first branch is a part of gas and enters a combustion chamber for incomplete combustion, and the combusted gas enters a deaerator; the second branch is that part of gas enters a deaerator; the gases of the two branches are converged in a deaerator or converged in a pipeline in front of an inlet of the deaerator, the deaerator further consumes oxygen in the flue gas, the obtained high-temperature oxygen-free flue gas directly heats the waste plastics in the fluidized bed, and the waste plastics cannot generate pollutants such as dioxin and the like in the pyrolysis process because the flue gas is oxygen-free; meanwhile, as the direct heating has high thermal efficiency, the energy consumption in the whole waste plastic disposal process is lower, the comprehensive treatment cost is low, and the gas temperature at the outlet of the fluidized bed can be kept in a higher range (more than 500 ℃) under low energy consumption, so that the tar content in the pyrolysis gas can be further reduced.
In order to lead out the gas separated by the cyclone device better, an induced draft fan 6 is arranged between the first combustion chamber and the cyclone device.
As shown in fig. 2, the first branch and the second branch may be arranged in another manner. That is, the first branch 31 'is that partial gas that cyclone came out gets into combustion chamber one, oxygen-eliminating device, and the second branch 32' is that partial gas that cyclone came out gets into the oxygen-eliminating device, and the pipeline that first branch and second branch got into before the oxygen-eliminating device joins, and all the other parts are the same, just do not describe here again.
For the connection mode of the feeding pipe and the fluidized bed, when chute feeding is selected, the feeding pipe and the fluidized bed can be obliquely connected; if a screw feeder is selected for delivery, the feed pipe is horizontally connected to the fluidized bed.
Preferably, the absorbent is added in a fluidized bed. The absorbent may be fed in various ways. The first mode is as follows: can be mixed with crushed waste plastics and fed from a feed pipe; the second way is: an absorbent feeding pipe is additionally added, and is synchronously or parallelly added with the waste plastic feeding; the third mode is as follows: the absorbent can be added from the top of the fluidized bed in such a way that the residence time of the dust or incompletely reacted waste plastics in the fluidized bed is increased.
For the raw material with high chlorine content, a dechlorinating device is further added behind the cyclone device, and a solid absorbent is filled in the device to ensure that the chlorine content in the gas of the subsequent pipeline is less than 1 percent, so that the corrosion of chlorine to equipment is reduced, and the gas is prevented from being combusted in a combustion chamber to generate dioxin.
The deaerator is filled with substances capable of consuming oxygen, and the substances are as follows: the coke and/or carbon powder can also be one or more of elementary metals such as iron, copper and the like which can react with oxygen. For example, a deaerator is filled with elemental iron, which reacts with oxygen to produce Fe2O3Or Fe3O4The generated oxide can be further recycled by reducing with reducing gas. The temperature range of the deaerator is 600-1000 ℃.
In order to better monitor the deaerating effect of the deaerator, an oxygen content monitor (not shown) is arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the deaerator to ensure that the actual oxygen content in the high-temperature flue gas entering the fluidized bed is less than 0.5 percent. Taking fig. 1 as an example, an oxygen content monitor is arranged at the inlet of the deaerator 5, namely, at the position where the first branch 31 and the second branch 32 enter the deaerator, and an oxygen content monitor is arranged at the outlet of the deaerator, namely, at the left side of the deaerator. Taking fig. 2 as an example, oxygen content monitors are arranged on the right and left pipelines of the deaerator 5.
If the actual value of the oxygen content monitor at the outlet of the deaerator is higher than the threshold value, feeding is stopped firstly, the air-fuel ratio in the first combustion chamber is reduced, and whether the oxygen content is qualified or not is judged according to the oxygen content monitor. If the quality is not qualified, whether the pipeline interface and the dynamic and static sealing position in the system are leaked or not needs to be checked, and if the problem still exists, the filler in the filler box is considered to be replaced.
Because waste plastic continuously feeds and reacts, the content of cracked gas is higher and higher, in order to fully recover the combustible gas produced, the pipeline that comes out at the top of the cyclone device is provided with a third branch 33. Referring to fig. 3, the cracked gas from the third branch 33 enters the second combustion chamber, is fully combusted in the second combustion chamber, the high-temperature gas after combustion exchanges heat with the boiler to provide power for the steam engine, and the gas after heat exchange enters the dust remover for dust removal and finally enters the chimney for emission. Preferably, an induced draft fan is arranged behind the dust remover. The dust remover can be a bag dust remover, a cyclone dust remover, a pulse dust remover and the like. Of course, the cracked gas from the third branch can also be used for other purposes, such as power generation or other chemical purposes.
In order to reduce the oxygen content of the cracked gas in the first branch and increase the overall gas temperature, the air-fuel ratio of the first combustion chamber is set to be less than 1.
In order to ensure the retention time of the waste plastics in the fluidized bed and the sufficient gasification and cracking of the waste plastics, the bottom of the fluidized bed is provided with an air distribution plate, and the integral fluidization of the waste plastics is ensured by controlling the pressure of the gas entering the fluidized bed. In the lower part of the fluidized bed, waste plastics directly contact with gas to directly exchange heat, so that the materials are converted into pyrolysis gas through reactions such as drying, pyrolysis, gasification and the like.
Because the waste plastics in the fluidized bed can produce solid waste in the reaction process, the solid waste is deposited at the lower part of the fluidized bed, and in order not to influence the reaction efficiency of the waste plastics, an ash discharge port is arranged at the lower part of the fluidized bed.
The lower part of the cyclone device is provided with a pipeline which is connected with a feed back port on the side surface of the fluidized bed. The solid material separated from the lower part of the cyclone device comprises carbon powder, incompletely cracked material, ash and the like. Screening the materials which are not completely reacted after cyclone separation, and sending the materials into the lower part of the fluidized bed again for reaction; the carbon powder is also a reducing substance, and can be continuously used as a reducing agent for reaction after being fed into the fluidized bed, so that C + CO2And the content of combustible gas in the cracked gas can be increased by =2CO, namely, the carbon powder is fully utilized.
In another aspect of the present invention, a waste plastic anaerobic cracking method is provided, which comprises:
feeding the crushed waste plastics from a feeding pipe at the lower part of the fluidized bed, and carrying out pyrolysis reaction on the waste plastics and oxygen-free high-temperature gas in the fluidized bed to generate pyrolysis gas;
the pyrolysis gas enters a cyclone device for gas-solid separation, a part of gas from the top of the cyclone device enters a combustion chamber for incomplete combustion, and then enters a deaerator for deaerating; one part of the mixture enters a deaerator to be deaerated;
and the gas from the deaerator directly enters the bottom of the fluidized bed to directly heat the waste plastics.
Due to the fact that waste plastics are continuously fed and treated, generated cracked gas is increased gradually, and in order to fully utilize resources, residual gas from the top of the cyclone device is recycled.
In order to prevent the corrosion of the pipeline caused by harmful gas, an absorbent is added in the feeding process for removing chlorine and/or sulfur in the pyrolysis gas.
The absorbent is at least one of calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide or alkali metal carbonate. The alkali metal oxide, hydroxide or carbonate may be, for example, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or the like.
The system and the method of the invention adopt the direct heating anaerobic cracking technology to pyrolyze and gasify the waste plastics to form cracking gas, the cracking gas passes through the cyclone device and then enters at least two branches, the first branch is that part of the gas enters the combustion chamber for incomplete combustion, and the combusted gas enters the deaerator; the second branch is that part of gas enters a deaerator; the gases of the two branches are converged in a deaerator or converged in an inlet pipeline of the deaerator, the deaerator further consumes oxygen in the flue gas, the obtained high-temperature oxygen-free flue gas directly heats the waste plastics in the fluidized bed, and the waste plastics cannot generate pollutants such as dioxin and the like in the pyrolysis process because the flue gas is oxygen-free; meanwhile, as the direct heating has high thermal efficiency, the energy consumption in the whole waste plastic disposal process is lower, the comprehensive treatment cost is low, and the gas temperature at the outlet of the fluidized bed can be kept in a higher range (more than 500 ℃) under low energy consumption, so that the tar content in the pyrolysis gas can be further reduced.
Thus, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that while exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications which are consistent with the principles of the invention may be directly determined or derived from the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be understood and interpreted to cover all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a waste plastic anaerobic cracking system, this system includes the fluidized bed, the inlet pipe that links to each other with the fluidized bed lower part, the whirlwind device that links to each other with fluidized bed upper portion which characterized in that: the system still includes combustion chamber and oxygen-eliminating device, the pipeline that the whirlwind device top came out includes first branch road and second branch road, first branch road gets into combustion chamber, oxygen-eliminating device for the partial gas that the whirlwind device came out, the second branch road gets into the oxygen-eliminating device for the partial gas that the whirlwind device came out, the oxygen-eliminating device links to each other with the fluidized bed bottom.
2. The anaerobic waste plastic cracking system of claim 1, wherein the pipeline from the cyclone device further comprises a third branch, and the third branch is used for fully recycling the residual cracked gas.
3. The anaerobic waste plastic cracking system of claim 1, wherein the air-fuel ratio of the combustion chamber is less than 1.
4. The anaerobic waste plastic cracking system of claim 1, wherein oxygen content monitors are arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the oxygen remover.
5. The anaerobic waste plastic cracking system of claim 1, wherein the fluidized bed is provided with an air distribution plate and an ash discharge port at the bottom and a feed back port at the side.
6. The anaerobic waste plastic cracking system of claim 5, wherein a pipeline is arranged at the lower part of the cyclone device and is connected with a feed back port at the side of the fluidized bed.
7. A process for the anaerobic pyrolysis of waste plastics, the process comprising:
feeding the crushed waste plastics from a feeding pipe at the lower part of the fluidized bed, and carrying out pyrolysis reaction on the waste plastics and oxygen-free high-temperature gas in the fluidized bed to generate pyrolysis gas;
the pyrolysis gas enters a cyclone device for gas-solid separation, part of the gas from the top of the cyclone device enters a combustion chamber for incomplete combustion, and then enters a deaerator for deoxidization; one part of the mixture enters a deaerator to be deaerated;
and the gas from the deaerator directly enters the bottom of the fluidized bed to directly heat the waste plastics.
8. The anaerobic waste plastic cracking process of claim 7, characterized in that: and recycling the residual gas from the top of the cyclone device.
9. The anaerobic waste plastic cracking process of claim 7, characterized in that: an absorbent is added during feeding for removing chlorine and/or sulfur in the pyrolysis gas.
10. The anaerobic waste plastic cracking process of claim 9, characterized in that: the absorbent is at least one of calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide or alkali metal carbonate.
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| CN202110039474.7A CN112852473A (en) | 2021-01-13 | 2021-01-13 | Waste plastic anaerobic cracking system and method |
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| CN202110039474.7A CN112852473A (en) | 2021-01-13 | 2021-01-13 | Waste plastic anaerobic cracking system and method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116792774A (en) * | 2023-06-21 | 2023-09-22 | 四川君和环保股份有限公司 | Flue gas deoxidizing device and flue gas deoxidizing method |
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Application publication date: 20210528 |