CN112852383B - A kind of highway engineering dust suppressant and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of road and engineering dust control. It discloses a highway engineering dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof. The highway engineering dust suppressant includes the following preparation raw materials: inorganic salt hygroscopic factor, organic polymer consolidation factor, and penetrant. , stabilizer, glycerol and water, using the physical and chemical properties of each component to maintain moisture and hardening on the surface of the soil layer for a long time through good moisture absorption, moisturizing, coagulation and consolidation, and adsorb and stick dust particles. It is attached to the road surface where the dust suppressant is spread, thereby greatly reducing the dust on the highway project site caused by external physical disturbances such as strong wind or vehicle transportation. It can suppress the dust on the road at the project site from the source and play a role in protecting the environment; The preparation method is simple and the production cost is low, and the dust suppressant obtained can be used for dust control at engineering sites or road surfaces.

Description

A kind of highway engineering dust suppressant and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of road and engineering dust control, and in particular to a highway engineering dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

The hazards of dust have gradually attracted people's attention. The long-term presence of atmospheric particles produced by it will cause a series of human respiratory diseases, and a large amount of continuous dust will also accelerate the depreciation of project site equipment, while reducing environmental visibility and increasing safety. Risk of accidents. The current mainstream means of dust suppression is to sprinkle water or spray dust suppressants, but water spraying wastes water resources and has a short effective time. Most dust suppressants are currently mainly used on open-pit mining area pavements and are not suitable for roads and engineering environments. They are mainly concentrated In the following three disadvantages:

① Some performance cannot be guaranteed. The dust suppressant developed for coal dust in mining areas has good wettability with coal dust and can make coal dust particles stick and coagulate. However, the physical and chemical properties of the soil and coal dust surfaces at most highway project sites are different, so it cannot Guaranteed to have the same effect in the field of highway engineering.

② Some of them have high cost and cumbersome preparation process. Many high-performance dust suppressants prepared through polymer graft copolymerization are cumbersome to prepare and have high cost and poor economic efficiency.

③ Some are seriously polluted. Currently, many dust suppressants used on a large scale use chloride salts. The chloride ions have a corrosive effect on steel materials and other substances, and can also easily cause chloride ion pollution to the soil.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a highway engineering dust suppressant that can ensure good interaction with the dust at the engineering site, has hygroscopic, water-retaining, and consolidating effects, is cheap and environmentally friendly, and controls the dust at the engineering site from the source.

Contents of the invention

In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a highway engineering dust suppressor and a preparation method thereof. The dust suppressor utilizes the physical and chemical properties of each component to achieve good moisture absorption, moisturizing, coagulation, The consolidation effect keeps the soil surface moist and hardened for a long time, adsorbing and bonding dust particles to the road surface where the dust suppressant is spread, thereby greatly reducing the risk of damage caused by external physical disturbances such as strong winds or vehicle transportation. Dust on highway engineering sites can fundamentally suppress road dust on engineering sites and protect the environment. The preparation method is simple and the production cost is low. The dust suppressant obtained can be used for dust control on engineering sites or road surfaces.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve it.

(1) A dust suppressant for highway engineering, including the following preparation raw materials: inorganic salt hygroscopic factor, organic polymer solidification factor, penetrant, stabilizer, glycerol and water.

Preferably, the inorganic salt hygroscopic factor includes sodium alginate and acetate.

Further preferably, the acetate salt contains calcium acetate and/or magnesium acetate.

Preferably, the organic polymer solidification factor includes hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan and sodium carboxymethylcellulose.

Further preferably, the organic polymer solidification factor further includes gelatin.

Preferably, the penetrating agent includes one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.

Preferably, the stabilizer includes one or more of sorbic acid and its potassium salt, sodium nitrite, borax, and sodium lactate.

Preferably, the water content of the glycerol is ≤0.5%.

Preferably, the water is tap water that meets the national GB 5749-2006 drinking water hygiene standards.

Preferably, the dosage of the raw materials is: inorganic salt hygroscopicity factor 25% to 30%, organic polymer solidification factor 0.9% to 2.2%, penetrant 0.5% to 1%, stabilizer 0.5% to 3%, glycerin 5% to 8%, water 55.8% to 67.8%.

Preferably, the mass ratio of hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose sodium is 2-3:0.5-1.5.

(2) A method for preparing a highway engineering dust suppressant, including the following steps:

Step 1: Add water to the reaction kettle at room temperature;

Step 2: Add the inorganic salt hygroscopic factor into the reaction kettle, stir until fully dissolved, then add the organic polymer consolidation factor, stir thoroughly for at least 10 minutes, wait until the components are completely dissolved and uniform, then continue to add the penetrant, Mix the stabilizer and glycerin and stir for at least 20 minutes to mix evenly to obtain a mixture;

Step 3: Let the mixture stand for at least 10 minutes before filling to obtain a dust suppressant for highway engineering.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1) The present invention utilizes the physical and chemical properties of inorganic salt hygroscopic factors and organic polymer consolidation factors to maintain a certain humidity on the road surface for a long time through moisture absorption, water retention, and consolidation to absorb dust particles and prevent secondary dust. Form a hardened shell with a certain strength to prevent dust caused by external physical disturbances and solve the dust problem in highway projects from the source.

2) The substances used in this product are all environmentally friendly and non-toxic ingredients, which will cause minimal corrosion to the equipment and harm to the human body; the preparation process of this product is simple and the cost is low, eliminating the tedious raw material preparation and modification stage; the storage and preservation of this product long time.

3) The present invention is simple to use, will not cause serious pollution, and is harmless to the human body; the action time is long, generally up to about 7 days; in order to avoid chloride ion pollution, the present invention uses acetate and alginate materials, and successfully avoids chlorine ion pollution. In the case of ion pollution, the advantages of low cost and simple preparation are taken into account; the invention has a wide range of applications and can be applied to engineering sites, road surfaces, unpaved road construction sites, etc.

4) After using this product, compared with traditional sprinkler dust suppression, the water saving rate reaches more than 90%, which greatly avoids the waste of water resources.

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A preparation method of highway engineering dust suppressant, including the following steps:

Step 1: Add 63% water to the reaction kettle at room temperature;

Step 2: Add 14% sodium alginate and 14% magnesium acetate into the reaction kettle, stir until fully dissolved, then add 0.6% hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan and 0.3% carboxylic acid For sodium methylcellulose, stir thoroughly for 15 minutes. After the components are completely dissolved and evenly distributed, continue to add 0.6% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1.5% potassium sorbate and 6% glycerin and mix for 20 minutes until evenly mixed. get a mixture;

Step 3: Let the mixture stand for 10 minutes before filling to obtain a highway engineering dust suppressant.

Example 2

A preparation method of highway engineering dust suppressant, including the following steps:

Step 1: Add 62.3% water to the reaction kettle at room temperature;

Step 2: Add 14% calcium acetate and 14% sodium alginate into the reaction kettle, stir until fully dissolved, then add 0.6% hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan, 0.3% carboxylic acid Mix sodium methylcellulose and 0.2% gelatin thoroughly for 15 minutes. After the components are completely dissolved and uniform, continue to add 0.6% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1% potassium sorbate and 7% glycerin and mix. Mix evenly for 20 minutes to get a mixture;

Step 3: Let the mixture stand for 10 minutes before filling to obtain a highway engineering dust suppressant.

Example 3

A preparation method of highway engineering dust suppressant, including the following steps:

Step 1: Add 56.5% water to the reaction kettle at room temperature;

Step 2: Add 15% calcium acetate and 15% sodium alginate into the reaction kettle, stir until fully dissolved, then add 1% hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan and 0.5% carboxylic acid Sodium methylcellulose, stir and mix thoroughly for 12 minutes. After the components are completely dissolved and uniform, continue to add 1% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 3% sodium nitrite and 8% glycerol, mix and mix for 24 minutes, and obtain mixture;

Step 3: Let the mixture stand for 12 minutes before filling to obtain a highway engineering dust suppressant.

Example 4

A preparation method of highway engineering dust suppressant, including the following steps:

Step 1: Add 66.2% water to the reaction kettle at room temperature;

Step 2: Add 9% sodium alginate, 8% magnesium acetate and 10% calcium acetate into the reaction kettle, then stir until fully dissolved and then add 0.6% hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan and 0.2% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, stir and mix thoroughly for 14 minutes. After the components are completely dissolved and uniform, continue to add 0.5% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, 0.5% potassium sorbate and 5% Mix the glycerin and stir for 25 minutes to get a mixture;

Step 3: Let the mixture stand for 15 minutes before filling to obtain a highway engineering dust suppressant.

In the above embodiments, the water content of glycerin is ≤0.5%; the water is tap water that meets the national GB 5749-2006 drinking water hygiene standard.

The specific functions of various preparation raw materials in the highway engineering dust suppressant of the present invention are as follows:

Acetate and alginate have good hygroscopic functions and avoid the chloride ion pollution problem of traditional dust suppressants using chlorine salts. Calcium acetate and magnesium acetate are the main components of CMA snow suppressor, which can prevent road ice from condensing. .

Hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose sodium can form a hardened shell layer, which slows down the water loss, can firmly bind the captured dust, reduce dust, and the hardened shell layer has a certain The thickness and strength of the film layer can continue to maintain the dust suppression effect under a certain external force. Hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan itself has a strong hygroscopic ability, which can further increase the effectiveness of the dust suppressant. At the same time, hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan has good water solubility, which is more conducive to dissolution and spraying than chitosan. In addition, sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose have a synergistic effect. The mechanical properties of the binary membrane formed by blending and drying the two monomers are better than those when the two monomers are used alone. This is mainly due to sodium alginate. Hydrogen bond interaction with sodium carboxymethylcellulose; when sodium alginate is blended with carboxymethylcellulose and gelatin, the three components of sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and gelatin in the solution interact with each other. Interspersed, entangled and interacted through hydrogen bonds, as well as the electrostatic interaction generated by -COO ^- in sodium alginate and -NH ³⁺ in gelatin, the final film layer shows good compatibility, and the addition of gelatin improves It improves the compatibility between sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose and improves the mechanical properties of the membrane.

The penetrating agent can reduce the surface tension at the solid-liquid interface, which is more conducive to the penetration of the dust suppressant into the soil, making the dust suppressant film formed thicker, and making it easier for the dust suppressant to capture particles in the air. The polymer substances in the dust suppressor are dispersed more evenly.

The glycerin component can also absorb and retain water, extending the effectiveness of the product.

Stabilizers can extend the storage time of dust suppression products.

The main technical indicators of the highway engineering dust suppressant product obtained in Example 1-2 of the present invention are as follows:

It can be seen from the above table that the highway engineering dust suppressor obtained in Example 1 and Example 2 has good moisture absorption, water retention and consolidation functions, and can be used to control dust on the surface of roads and engineering sites. The resulting highway engineering dust suppressant can maintain the dust suppression effect for about 7 days after one spray, and can be applied on a large scale on road surfaces and engineering sites. Use in low temperature environments can slightly increase the concentration of inorganic salts, making it less likely to freeze at low temperatures. It is non-toxic and harmless, does not corrode steel on roads or engineering sites, and has no obvious impact on surrounding vegetation. It is an environmentally friendly product.

The highway engineering dust suppressant of the present invention is simple to use and can be directly loaded into a sprinkler truck for use after preparation. When spraying, you can spray according to the dosage of 2L/ ^m2 . The dust suppression effect can last for about 7 days. It can also be adjusted independently according to the actual situation. The duration of dust emission is related to road conditions and climatic factors, and the time and frequency of spraying can be adjusted according to specific conditions.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with general descriptions and specific embodiments in this specification, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made based on the present invention. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A dust suppressant for highway engineering, characterized in that it includes the following preparation raw materials: inorganic salt hygroscopic factor, organic polymer consolidation factor, penetrant, stabilizer, glycerin and water; the organic polymer consolidation factor includes Hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan and sodium carboxymethylcellulose; The inorganic salt hygroscopic factors are sodium alginate and acetate; The penetrating agent includes one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; The stabilizer includes one or more of sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, sodium nitrite, borax, and sodium lactate; The dosage of the raw materials is: inorganic salt hygroscopicity factor 25%~30%, organic polymer solidification factor 0.9%~2.2%, penetrant 0.5%~1%, stabilizer 0.5%~3%, glycerin 5%~8 %, water 55.8%~67.8%. 2. The highway engineering dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that the acetate salt contains calcium acetate and/or magnesium acetate. 3. The highway engineering dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic polymer solidification factor further contains gelatin. 4. The highway engineering dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass ratio of the hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium is 2~3:0.5~1.5 . 5. A method for preparing the highway engineering dust suppressant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it includes the following steps: Step 1: Add water to the reaction kettle at room temperature; Step 2: Add the inorganic salt hygroscopic factor into the reaction kettle, stir until fully dissolved, then add the organic polymer consolidation factor, stir thoroughly for at least 10 minutes, wait until the components are completely dissolved and uniform, then continue to add the penetrant, Stir the stabilizer and glycerin for at least 20 minutes and mix evenly to obtain a mixture; wherein the organic polymer solidification factor includes hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium; Step 3: Let the mixture stand for at least 10 minutes before filling to obtain a dust suppressant for highway engineering.