CN112849175A - Noise-reduction train floor - Google Patents
Noise-reduction train floor Download PDFInfo
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- CN112849175A CN112849175A CN202011549641.4A CN202011549641A CN112849175A CN 112849175 A CN112849175 A CN 112849175A CN 202011549641 A CN202011549641 A CN 202011549641A CN 112849175 A CN112849175 A CN 112849175A
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- film
- phononic crystal
- train
- floor
- double
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
- B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
- B61D17/10—Floors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
- B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
- B61D17/18—Internal lining, e.g. insulating
- B61D17/185—Internal lining, e.g. insulating for sound insulating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a noise-reduction train floor which comprises an outer train floor, a heat insulation material, a porous sound absorption material, a film phononic crystal plate and an inner train floor, wherein the film phononic crystal plate comprises a plurality of film phononic crystal composite structures which are periodically arranged, the film phononic crystal comprises two layers of films and one layer of mass block layer, and the mass block layer at least comprises more than two micro mass blocks. The invention has simple integral structure and convenient manufacture, can effectively absorb and obstruct the external noise reflected into the train body when the train runs, effectively reduces the noise in the train during the running process of the train, provides more comfortable riding and working environment for passengers and drivers, and realizes the low-noise design of the train.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a subway train floor, belongs to the technical field of vibration and noise reduction, and particularly relates to a train floor for reducing noise by using a double-layer film phononic crystal.
Background
With the rapid development of rail transit in China, the running speed of a train is continuously improved, noise in the train is gradually increased, the noise in the train not only affects the riding comfort, but also can interfere normal language communication of drivers and passengers, pressure and fatigue are brought to people, and neurasthenia and hearing damage can be seriously caused. Therefore, the problem of noise in the train becomes one of the problems to be solved urgently, and particularly, the noise in the subway train is transmitted into the train through the floor of the carriage, so that the noise in the train is greatly increased. The train floor is one of the important components for absorbing and isolating external noise, and is increasingly receiving wide attention. But present existing train floor structure is mostly stainless steel or aluminum alloy material, and it is limited to wheel rail noise attenuation, and the noise reduction effect is unsatisfactory, leads to the whole ability of making an uproar of falling of train floor not enough, can not satisfy the demand of making an uproar of falling. Therefore, the research on the high-performance vibration-damping noise-reduction train floor has important significance for reducing noise in the train, improving the subway running environment and improving the safety and the comfort of subway riding of people.
In the fields such as space flight, car, electron that require to the sound insulation material more strictly, thickness is thin, the sound absorption sound insulation material that the quality is light receives people's favor deeply, in present research, film type acoustics metamaterial has extensive application, but traditional individual layer film metamaterial is fallen and is fallen the noise and still is stopped in the low-frequency channel, and to the train, the floor is as the major structure of atress, the majority is high strength metamaterial such as aluminum alloy, it is more frivolous to require sound absorption sound insulation material, and can the separation come from the high-frequency channel noise of wheel rail, consequently, need for a quality light, the high performance, can reduce the sound insulation material of high-frequency noise.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing train floor is poor in noise reduction in a train, and provides a train floor for reducing noise by using a double-layer film phononic crystal. The technology can greatly reduce the noise in the train by adopting a novel noise reduction material-double-layer film phononic crystal structure, provides reference for the low-noise design of the train, and has stronger practicability and wide engineering application prospect.
Specifically, the invention aims to provide a noise reduction train floor, which comprises an outer floor and an inner floor of a train, and a heat insulation material, a porous sound absorption material and a thin film phononic crystal plate which are sequentially stacked between the outer floor and the inner floor of the train, wherein the thin film phononic crystal plate comprises a plurality of thin film phononic crystal composite structures which are periodically arranged, and each thin film phononic crystal composite structure is a double-layer thin film structure.
In one embodiment, the outer floor panel is a sandwich aluminum alloy panel.
In one embodiment, the material of the heat insulating material is glass wool felt or melamine.
In one embodiment, the porous sound absorption material is made of mineral wool or urea formaldehyde foam.
In one embodiment, the thin film phononic crystal plate includes an aluminum alloy frame and a plurality of thin film phononic crystal composite structures, the plurality of thin film phononic crystal composite structures being alternately arranged lengthwise on the aluminum alloy frame.
In one embodiment, the thin film phononic crystal composite structure is a rectangle, square, circle, diamond, regular triangle.
In one embodiment, the thin film phononic crystal composite structure is embedded in a groove of an aluminum alloy frame.
In one embodiment, the thin film phononic crystal composite structure has a thickness of 2 to 7 millimeters with side lengths or radii of 9 to 11 times the thickness.
In one embodiment, the film is a rubber film.
In one embodiment, the interior floor is a multi-layer plywood wood floor.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention provides a train floor for reducing noise by using a double-layer film phononic crystal, aiming at the current situation that the existing train floor is poor in reducing the noise in a train.
(2) The train floor provided by the invention is mainly realized through the film phononic crystal, has the advantages of light weight, small thickness, convenience in installation and lower cost, and is an economical and efficient in-train noise reduction technology.
(3) The structure of the invention is innovated on the traditional single-layer film structure, adopts the double-layer film phononic crystal structure, solves the problem of the limitation of the traditional single-layer film structure in noise reduction at low frequency band, is applied to the subway train floor, has the noise reduction performance at wide frequency band, can efficiently reduce the input of high-frequency noise of wheel tracks to the interior of the train, and improves the riding comfort.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a train floor with noise reduction by using a double-layer film phononic crystal
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bilayer thin film phononic crystal plate
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a two-layer film phononic crystal composite structure
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a finite element model of a double-layer film photonic crystal structure
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the sound transmission loss spectrum of the double-layer film phononic crystal composite structure
FIG. 6 is a cloud plot of acoustic transmission loss sound pressure and sound pressure level at 30Hz and 2790Hz
In the figure: 1 train outer floor; 2, insulating materials; 3 porous sound absorbing material; 4 a thin film phononic crystal plate; 5, a vehicle interior floor; 6 an aluminum alloy frame; 7, a thin film phononic crystal composite structure; 8 a rubber film; 9 a mass block; 10 bolt
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
With reference to fig. 1-3, the noise reduction train floor of the present application includes an outside floor 1, an inside floor 2, and a heat insulation material 2, a porous sound absorption material 3 and a thin film phononic crystal plate 4 sequentially stacked between the outside floor 1 and the inside floor 2 of the train. The film phononic crystal plate 4 comprises a plurality of film phononic crystal composite structures 7, the film phononic crystal composite structures 7 are periodically arranged, and each film phononic crystal composite structure 7 is a double-layer film structure. The double-layer film structure comprises two layers of elastic films and a mass block layer arranged between the two layers of elastic films, wherein the mass block layer comprises more than two mass blocks 9.
In one aspect, the phononic crystal composite structure 7 is a regular shape with a thickness of 2-7 mm. The side length or radius is 9-11 times of the thickness. Experiments show that the phononic crystal composite structure 7 with the size ratio has good noise reduction effect.
In a preferable scheme, the mass block layer is formed by three prism-shaped mass blocks 9, the mass blocks are made of copper materials, the height of each mass block is 3.9mm, the mass of each mass block is 0.5g, the mass blocks are distributed between two layers of films in a certain period, and the sound absorption effect of the formed symmetrical structure is better. It is found through experiments that the noise reduction performance is better by adopting the phononic crystal composite structure 7 with the size. The sound insulation properties of a material can generally be evaluated in terms of transmission loss,
wherein M is1R is the mass of the medium per unit area of the film (directly related to the film thickness)1Is the side length, and m is the mass of the mass block. The conclusion of good sound insulation performance can be obtained through formula calculation. Also, if the membrane is too thin or oversized, the membrane is prone to premature fatigue deformation, and the membrane is affected by the weight of the mass being too heavy.
In one aspect, the elastic membrane is preferably a rubber or silicone material. The thickness of the film is 0.5-0.7mm, and the parameters of the film are preferably as follows: prestress of 0.15N, Young's modulus E2.1X 105Pa, Poisson's ratio mu of 0.48, density rho of 970kg/m3。
In one aspect, the vehicle exterior floor 1 is preferably made of a light sandwich aluminum alloy. More preferably, the outer floor is a sandwich aluminum alloy plate.
In one aspect, the insulating material 2 is preferably made of glass wool felt or melamine. More preferably, the fiber diameter is 5 μm, the porosity is 75%, and the fiber has heat preservation and insulation effects and can absorb part of noise.
In one aspect, the porous sound absorbing material 3 is preferably made of mineral wool or urea formaldehyde foam.
In one aspect, the interior floor is a multi-layer plywood wood floor.
As shown in fig. 2, the thin film phononic crystal plate 4 includes an aluminum alloy frame 6 and a plurality of thin film phononic crystal composite structures 7, and the plurality of thin film phononic crystal composite structures 7 are vertically fixed at different heights (similar to a laminated structure) in the thin film phononic crystal plate layer 4, so that the placement space of the thin film phononic crystal composite structures at 4 layers can be increased, and if the thin film phononic crystal composite structures are similar to the laminated structure, the laminated area can realize a noise blocking effect of a double structure, and the noise reduction effect is more excellent.
In one scheme, the film phononic crystal composite structures 7 can be rectangular, square, circular, rhombic, regular triangular and the like, are periodically distributed on the film phononic crystal plate, are all aluminum alloy frames among the film phononic crystal composite structures, mainly play a supporting role, have the distance of 6-8cm, and can be subjected to material optimization under the condition of not influencing stress, so that the purpose of reducing the weight is achieved.
In one scheme, a plurality of grooves are formed in the aluminum alloy frame 6, the thin film phononic crystal composite structure is embedded in the grooves through bolts, the stability of the thin film phononic crystal structure can be kept, meanwhile, the sealing is kept, the external corrosion is prevented, and the service life of the thin film phononic crystal is prolonged.
As shown in fig. 3, a square rubber film is adopted, and a four-side fixing device (for example, a hexagon bolt 10) is fixed with the aluminum alloy frame 6, so that the film can be prevented from loosening in the running process of the train. The film can be made of rubber or silica gel, in this case, the rubber material is adopted, the thickness of the film is 0.6mm, the prestress of the film is 0.15N, and the Young modulus E is 2.1 multiplied by 105Pa, Poisson's ratio mu of 0.48, density rho of 970kg/m3。
In one aspect, the mass 9 is preferably a prism or a cylinder, and the material may be a copper block or an iron block.
In a preferred scheme, the top surface and the bottom surface of the mass block 9 are coated with adhesive materials, so that the two surfaces of the mass block are tightly connected with the upper layer film 8 and the lower layer film 8, the stability of the film phononic crystal structure is improved under the condition of not influencing the sound absorption performance of the mass block, and the service life is prolonged.
Example 1:
the following describes a specific embodiment of a train floor according to the present application with reference to the drawings, where the train floor includes a train external floor 1, an train internal floor 2, a heat insulating material 2, a porous sound absorbing material 3, a thin film photonic crystal plate 4, and a train internal floor 5, which are arranged from bottom to top in sequence.
The outer floor 1 is made of light material sandwich aluminum alloy, the heat insulating material 2 is made of glass wool felt, the fiber diameter is 5 mu m, the porosity is 75%, and the porous sound absorbing material 3 is made of urea formaldehyde foam material.
The thin film phononic crystal plate 4 comprises an aluminum alloy frame 6 and a thin film phononic crystal composite structure 7, wherein a plurality of grooves are formed in the aluminum alloy frame 6, and the thin film phononic crystal composite structure 7 is embedded in the grooves through bolts. The plurality of thin film phononic crystal composite structures 7 are alternately arranged in the longitudinal direction.
The film phononic crystal composite structure 7 is square, 4mm in thickness and 10 times (40mm) in side length, and comprises two layers of films made of rubber materials and a mass block layer arranged between two layers of elastic films, wherein the mass block layer comprises three mass blocks 9. Four sides of the two layers of films are fixed by adopting hexagon bolts 10 and an aluminum alloy frame 6.
Wherein the rubber material is made into a film with the thickness of 0.6mm, the prestress of the film is 0.15N, and the Young modulus E of the film is 2.1 multiplied by 105Pa, Poisson's ratio mu of 0.48, density rho of 970kg/m3。
The mass block 9 is a copper triangular prism, the height is 3.9mm, the mass is 0.5g, and the top surface and the bottom surface of the mass block 9 are coated with viscous materials, so that the two surfaces of the mass block are tightly connected with the upper thin film 8 and the lower thin film 8.
As shown in fig. 4, in order to verify the accuracy of the present application, a finite element model of the double-layer film phononic crystal structure of the present application is established, the noise reduction performance of the train floor of the double-layer film phononic crystal of the present example is calculated by COMSOL, air domains are defined at the upper and lower sides of the phononic crystal, and the acoustic excitation is applied to the upper part to solve and analyze the noise reduction performance of the structure. The transmission loss can be calculated by TL ═ 10lg (W1/W2), W1 denotes the acoustic power applied to the surface of the double-layer thin film phononic crystal material, and W2 denotes the acoustic power transmitted through the double-layer thin film phononic crystal material.
5-6, the acoustic transmission loss curves for the two-layer thin film phononic crystal structure of this example are shown, along with acoustic transmission loss sound pressure and sound pressure level clouds at 630Hz and 2790 Hz. It can be seen that the overall noise reduction performance of the double-layer film photonic crystal structure is excellent, the transmission loss of the structure has 5 sound insulation peaks and 6 sound insulation valleys within the frequency band range of 0-5000 Hz, the efficient noise reduction is realized in multiple frequency bands, namely, the penetration of external noise is reduced in multiple frequency bands, the external sound pressure level is reduced by 20-30 dB at the positions of 630Hz and 2790Hz, and the sound pressure level of the lower air region can meet the standard requirements of noise in a vehicle after sound absorption and sound insulation of the double-layer film photonic crystal structure. In conclusion, the structure has excellent noise reduction performance in a low-frequency section, breaks through the low-frequency noise reduction characteristic of the traditional single-layer film structure, still has relatively high-efficiency sound insulation and absorption performance in a high-frequency section, can be applied to a train floor, reduces noise interference of a wheel rail, and improves riding comfort of people.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A noise reduction train floor. The method is characterized in that: the floor comprises a train outer floor, a heat insulation material, a porous sound absorption material, a film phononic crystal plate and a train inner floor, wherein the film phononic crystal plate comprises a plurality of film phononic crystal composite structures which are periodically arranged, the film phononic crystal is composed of two layers of films and one layer of mass block layer, and the mass block layer at least comprises more than two micro mass blocks.
2. The train floor for reducing noise by using the double-layer film phononic crystal as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the outer floor is a sandwich aluminum alloy plate.
3. The train floor for reducing noise by using the double-layer film phononic crystal as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the heat insulation material is made of glass wool felt or melamine.
4. The train floor for reducing noise by using the double-layer film phononic crystal as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the porous sound absorption material is made of mineral wool or urea formaldehyde foam material.
5. The train floor for reducing noise by using the double-layer film phononic crystal as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the film phononic crystal plate comprises a plurality of film phononic crystal composite structures which are distributed on the film phononic crystal plate in a periodic structure, and aluminum alloy frames are arranged between the film phononic crystal composite structures.
6. The train floor for reducing noise by using the double-layer film phononic crystal as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the film phononic crystal composite structure is circular and consists of two layers of films and one mass block layer.
7. The train floor for reducing noise by using the double-layer film phononic crystal as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the film phononic crystal composite structure is embedded in a groove of the aluminum alloy frame, and four corners of the two layers of films are fixed with the aluminum alloy frame through bolts respectively.
8. The train floor for reducing noise by using the double-layer film phononic crystal as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the mass block layer is composed of at least more than two micro mass blocks, the micro mass blocks can be square, diamond or triangular, and the mass blocks are adhered between two layers of thin films.
9. The train floor for reducing noise by using the double-layer film phononic crystal as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the radius of the film phononic crystal composite structure is 3-6 cm, and the thickness is 2-7 mm.
10. The train floor for reducing noise by using the double-layer film phononic crystal as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the film is a rubber film.
11. The train floor for reducing noise by using the double-layer film phononic crystal as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the floor in the vehicle is a multilayer laminated wood floor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011549641.4A CN112849175B (en) | 2020-12-24 | 2020-12-24 | Noise-reduction train floor |
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| CN202011549641.4A CN112849175B (en) | 2020-12-24 | 2020-12-24 | Noise-reduction train floor |
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| CN112849175A true CN112849175A (en) | 2021-05-28 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115635925A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-01-24 | 质子汽车科技有限公司 | Vehicle cab and vehicle |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008100901A1 (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2008-08-21 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Transformative periodic structures, in particular tunable photonic crystals and phononic crystals |
| WO2014099802A1 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-26 | Allen Paul G | Multi-layer phononic crystal thermal insulators |
| CN208884753U (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2019-05-21 | 深圳市航天新材科技有限公司 | A kind of compound locally resonant metamaterial soundproof plate |
| CN211765531U (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-10-27 | 华东交通大学 | Sandwich type phononic crystal train side wall board |
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2020
- 2020-12-24 CN CN202011549641.4A patent/CN112849175B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008100901A1 (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2008-08-21 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Transformative periodic structures, in particular tunable photonic crystals and phononic crystals |
| WO2014099802A1 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-26 | Allen Paul G | Multi-layer phononic crystal thermal insulators |
| CN208884753U (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2019-05-21 | 深圳市航天新材科技有限公司 | A kind of compound locally resonant metamaterial soundproof plate |
| CN211765531U (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-10-27 | 华东交通大学 | Sandwich type phononic crystal train side wall board |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115635925A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-01-24 | 质子汽车科技有限公司 | Vehicle cab and vehicle |
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