CN202352331U - Multifunctional multi-layer composite material used for high-speed trains - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a multifunctional layered composite material, which at least includes a two-layer composite structure of a layer of porous heat-insulating material and a layer of hard damping and sound-insulating material, and the layer of porous heat-insulating material and the layer of hard damping and sound-insulating material Staggered stacks. The new composite material of the utility model has good sound absorption, sound insulation and vibration damping properties without occupying more space in the compartment, and at the same time ensures the environmental requirements of the interior temperature, humidity and fire and flame retardancy of the compartment. The utility model comprehensively utilizes the performance advantages of porous sound-absorbing heat-insulating materials and hard damping materials, and develops heat-preserving, sound-absorbing and insulating, and vibration-reducing integrated multifunctional composite material technology to control the internal noise of the train, which is helpful for reducing the noise level inside the high-speed train compartment And it is of great significance to improve the comfort of passengers.

Description

A multifunctional layered composite material for high-speed trains

technical field

The utility model relates to the structure of sound-insulating materials, in particular to a layered composite material with multiple functions such as heat preservation, sound absorption and vibration reduction, which can be directly applied to the interior of high-speed train carriages or other strong noise environments with environmental protection requirements , especially suitable for high-speed train compartments.

Background technique

As an integration of contemporary high-tech, high-speed railway has comparative advantages such as large transport capacity, low energy consumption, low pollution, safety and comfort, and is the most sustainable and environment-friendly transportation mode in the transportation system. It is one of the concentrated manifestations and important symbols of the innovation capability of the manufacturing and manufacturing industries, the comprehensive national strength and the degree of national modernization.

During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, my country's high-speed railway construction has achieved leapfrog development with the strong support of the country. With the opening of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, the operating mileage of my country's high-speed railway has ranked first in the world. Among them, the Beijing-Tianjin intercity high-speed railway train The operating speed has reached 300km/h, and the design speed of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway has reached 350km/h. The noise and vibration problems become more and more prominent after the speed of the train is increased, and it has become a key factor restricting the development of high-speed railway technology. It also leads to wear and fatigue or even failure of the main mechanical equipment of the train, which reduces the service life of the equipment and threatens the safe operation of the high-speed train.

The interior noise environment of high-speed trains is one of the important factors that determine the comfort of passengers. In order to understand the characteristics of interior noise of high-speed trains, researchers have conducted experiments on the interior noise characteristics of four types of high-speed trains developed in China when they are running. The noise measurement data shows that: when the running speed is above 160km/h, the noise value inside the cabin mostly exceeds the allowable value by 65dB(A); when the speed reaches 200km/h, the maximum noise value is as high as 80.8dB(A), far Exceeded the allowable value stipulated by the national standard. The research results of the interior noise test also show that: the low-frequency noise inside the car is prominent, the noise size and spectrum characteristics are not uniformly distributed with the spatial position, and the train speed is the main factor affecting the noise inside the car. The above test results show that the noise problem of high-speed trains has become very prominent, and it is urgent to take further corresponding vibration and noise reduction measures to reduce the internal noise of train cars.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a multi-functional layered composite material with a new structure. The multi-functional material is mainly used between high-speed train compartment walls, and it can improve the acoustic performance while ensuring the environmental protection of the material such as flame retardancy and heat insulation. Requirements, taking into account the functions of heat preservation and sound absorption and insulation, and can carry out acoustic optimization design according to the noise spectrum characteristics of different parts of the car wall, material thickness space and use requirements.

The most effective way to control the noise inside the car is to effectively absorb and isolate the main internal structural vibration and noise sources through the optimization of internal acoustic materials and structures. A large number of thermal insulation materials or other supporting materials are laid between the aluminum profiles. These materials basically do not have the functions of sound absorption, sound insulation and vibration reduction. Acoustic materials and viscoelastic damping materials, and the development of thermal insulation, sound absorption and insulation, and vibration reduction integrated multifunctional composite material technology to control the internal noise of trains are of great significance to reduce the noise level inside the high-speed train compartment and improve the comfort of passengers.

The design scheme of the present utility model is an optimized combination of porous materials and hard sound-insulating materials. One of the main design ideas is based on the model of double-layer boards filled with porous sound-absorbing materials in architectural acoustics (porous heat-preservation and sound-absorbing materials can also be selected), such as An elastic support structure is set between the double-layer boards, which can further play a role in damping vibration. Select a porous material with good thermal insulation performance and engineering application value, and at the same time have a certain sound absorption performance. The material density should be a relatively small soft material. damping effect.

In order to achieve the purpose of the above-mentioned utility model, the utility model provides a multifunctional layered composite material, which is characterized in that it comprises at least a two-layer composite structure of a layer of porous thermal insulation material and a layer of hard damping and sound-insulating material, and The layers of the porous thermal insulation material and the layers of the hard damping and sound-insulating material are alternately laminated.

As a preference of the above technical solution, the multi-functional layered composite material includes two layers of hard damping and sound-insulating material layers and a layer of porous heat-insulating material, and the layer of porous heat-insulating material is arranged on the two layers of hard between layers of mass-damping sound-insulating material.

As a preference of the above technical solution, the multi-functional layered composite material includes two layers of porous thermal insulation material layers and a layer of hard damping and sound-insulating material layer, and the layer of hard damping and sound-insulating material layer is arranged on between two layers of porous insulation material.

As a preference of the above technical solution, the multifunctional layered composite material includes two layers of porous thermal insulation material layers and three layers of hard damping and sound insulation material layers, and the two layers of porous thermal insulation material layers are respectively arranged at intervals Adjacent to two layers of hard damping sound-insulating material.

As a preference of the above technical solution, the multi-functional layered composite material includes two layers of hard damping and sound-insulating material layers and three layers of porous heat-insulating material layers, and the two layers of hard damping and sound-insulating material layers are separated by It is arranged between two adjacent porous insulation material layers.

As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the thickness of the porous thermal insulation material layer is 3-50 mm.

As a preference of the above technical solution, the thickness of the hard damping and sound-insulating material layer is 0.5-5 mm.

The advantage of the utility model is that, on the basis of the thermal insulation and flame-retardant materials used in the original high-speed train compartments, the new composite material has good sound absorption, sound insulation and vibration reduction performance, and does not occupy more space in the compartments.

Under the conditions of ensuring the internal temperature and humidity of the carriage, the utility model comprehensively utilizes porous sound-absorbing materials and viscoelastic damping materials at the same time, and develops the integrated multifunctional composite material technology of heat preservation, sound absorption and insulation, and vibration reduction to control the internal noise of the train. It is of great significance to reduce the noise level inside the high-speed train compartment and improve the comfort of passengers.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the principle that the multifunctional layered composite material of the present invention is used in a high-speed train compartment;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment that the multifunctional layered composite material of the present invention adopts two-layer composite;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment that the multifunctional layered composite material of the present invention adopts two-layer composite;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the sound insulation performance test results of the above two embodiments of the utility model using two-layer composite;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment that the multifunctional layered composite material of the present invention adopts three-layer composite;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the sound insulation performance test results of the above-mentioned embodiment of the utility model using a three-layer composite;

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment that the multifunctional layered composite material of the present invention adopts five-layer composite;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the sound insulation performance test results of the above-mentioned embodiment of the utility model using five-layer composite.

Drawing logo:

1. Porous thermal insulation material layer 2. Hard damping and sound insulation material layer 3. Main structure outside the carriage

4. The interior wall panel of the carriage 5. The interior space of the carriage

Detailed ways

The utility model is further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, by referring to the detailed description of the utility model embodiment with reference to accompanying drawing below, above-mentioned and other features and advantages of the utility model will become clearer, wherein:

As shown in Figure 1, it is a schematic diagram of the multifunctional layered composite material of the present invention being used in a high-speed train compartment.

The multi-functional layered composite material of the present utility model comprises: a porous thermal insulation material layer 1 and a hard damping sound insulation material layer 2, which are arranged on the main structure 3 outside the carriage (for example: aluminum profiles) and the interior wall panels of the carriage (including: side walls board, ceiling and floor) 4 to eliminate noise in the compartment interior space 5. Among them, the multifunctional layered composite material of the utility model can determine the number of layers and select corresponding materials according to design requirements.

In view of the complex environment of multi-functional layered materials in high-speed train compartments, a combination of porous thermal insulation materials and hard damping and sound-insulating materials can also be used depending on the specific situation, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, and the principle of use is The porous insulating material layer 1 is connected with the hard damping and sound-insulating material layer 2 or the inner wall board of the vehicle compartment. In this example, Fig. 4 is the sound insulation performance tested after two layers of rubber-plastic closed-cell heat insulation material (with certain sound absorption performance and excellent heat preservation and flame retardant properties) and hard rubber sound insulation material are combined, where the dotted line is According to the direction of the incident sound wave, there are 19mm thick rubber and plastic closed-cell insulation materials and 1.2mm thick sound insulation pads in sequence. Material.

As shown in Figure 5, the multi-functional layered material adopts a three-layer composite material, the first layer: porous material (sound absorption, heat preservation); the second layer: hard damping material (sound insulation); the third layer: porous material ( sound absorption, heat preservation). In this example, the thickness of the sound incidence direction is 19mm thick rubber and plastic closed-cell insulation material, 1.2mm thick sound insulation pad and 25mm thick rubber and plastic closed-cell insulation material. The test results of the sound insulation performance are shown in Figure 6 shown.

If space permits, as the best mode of the present utility model, a five-layer composite structure can also be adopted, as shown in Figure 7, the first layer: porous material (sound absorption, heat preservation); the second layer: hard damping material (sound insulation ); third layer: porous material (sound absorption, heat preservation); fourth layer: hard damping material (sound insulation); fifth layer: porous material (sound absorption, heat preservation). In practical application: the characteristic parameters and thickness of the first, third and fifth layers of porous materials can be different, and the characteristic parameters and thickness of the second and fourth layers of materials can also be different. The thickness of each layer of porous material can be selected from 3 to 50mm, and each layer of hard damping The sound insulation material can be selected from 0.5 to 5mm, and the specific design is based on the requirements of material installation and use and the design requirements of the overall acoustic performance.

As shown in Figure 7, when the rubber-plastic closed-cell thermal insulation material and the hard rubber sound-insulation material are optimally combined to form a five-layer composite material, the thickness of the composite material is 13 mm thick for the rubber-plastic closed-cell thermal insulation material and 0.8 mm thick for the sound incident direction. Thick sound insulation pad, 19mm thick rubber and plastic closed-cell thermal insulation material, 1.2mm thick thick sound insulation pad and 13mm thick rubber and plastic closed cell thermal insulation material, the sound insulation performance of the test is shown in Figure 8, and the five layers can be seen from the figure Compared with the three-layer structure, the structure has better sound insulation performance in the 630-2000Hz frequency band.

Below is a group of concrete examples, to illustrate the situation of material feature parameter and thickness:

Example 1

1-1 The multi-functional layered composite material is composed of two layers of rubber-plastic closed-cell heat insulation material and hard rubber sound insulation material. The thickness of the porous insulation material layer is 3mm; the thickness of the hard damping sound insulation material layer is 0.5mm. mm.

1-2 The multi-functional layered composite material is composed of two layers of rubber-plastic closed-cell heat insulation material and hard rubber sound insulation material. The thickness of the porous insulation material layer is 50mm; the thickness of the hard damping sound insulation material layer is 5mm .

1-3 The multi-functional layered composite material is composed of two layers of rubber-plastic closed-cell heat insulation material and hard rubber sound insulation material, in which the thickness of the porous insulation material layer is 21mm; the thickness of the hard damping sound insulation material layer is 3mm .

Example 2

2-1 The multi-functional layered composite material is composed of three layers of rubber-plastic closed-cell heat insulation material and hard rubber sound insulation material. Among them, the first layer: porous material (sound absorption, heat preservation); the second layer: hard damping Material (sound insulation); third layer: porous material (sound absorption, heat preservation). In this example, the thicknesses are 3mm thick rubber-plastic closed-cell thermal insulation material, 0.5mm thick sound insulation pad and 4mm thick rubber-plastic closed-cell thermal insulation material according to the sound incident direction.

2-2 The multi-functional layered composite material is composed of three layers of rubber-plastic closed-cell heat insulation material and hard rubber sound insulation material. Among them, the first layer: porous material (sound absorption, heat preservation); the second layer: hard damping Material (sound insulation); third layer: porous material (sound absorption, heat preservation). In this example, the thicknesses are 48mm thick rubber and plastic closed-cell thermal insulation material, 5mm thick sound insulation pad and 50mm thick rubber and plastic closed cell thermal insulation material according to the sound incident direction.

2-3 Multi-functional layered composite material with three layers of rubber-plastic closed-cell heat insulation material and hard rubber sound insulation material, among which, the first layer: porous material (sound absorption, heat preservation); the second layer: hard damping Material (sound insulation); third layer: porous material (sound absorption, heat preservation). In this example, the thicknesses are 20mm thick rubber and plastic closed-cell thermal insulation material, 3mm thick sound insulation pad and 24mm thick rubber and plastic closed cell thermal insulation material according to the sound incident direction.

Example 3

3-1 Multi-functional layered composite material with five layers of rubber-plastic closed-cell thermal insulation material and hard rubber sound insulation material, among which, the first layer: porous material (sound absorption, heat preservation); the second layer: hard damping Material (sound insulation); third layer: porous material (sound absorption, heat preservation); fourth layer: hard damping material (sound insulation); fifth layer: porous material (sound absorption, heat preservation). In this example, the thickness of the sound incident direction is 3mm thick rubber and plastic closed-cell heat insulation material, 0.5mm thick thick sound insulation pad, 5mm thick rubber and plastic closed cell heat insulation material, 0.8mm thick thick sound insulation pad and 3mm thick rubber-plastic closed-cell thermal insulation material.

3-2 Multi-functional layered composite material with five layers of rubber-plastic closed-cell heat insulation material and hard rubber sound insulation material, among which, the first layer: porous material (sound absorption, heat preservation); the second layer: hard damping Material (sound insulation); third layer: porous material (sound absorption, heat preservation); fourth layer: hard damping material (sound insulation); fifth layer: porous material (sound absorption, heat preservation). In this example, the thicknesses are 42mm thick rubber and plastic closed-cell thermal insulation material, 4mm thick thick sound insulation pad, 50mm thick rubber and plastic closed cell thermal insulation material, 5mm thick thick sound insulation pad and 48mm thick Rubber-plastic closed-cell insulation material.

3-3 It is a multi-functional layered composite material composed of five layers of rubber-plastic closed-cell thermal insulation material and hard rubber sound insulation material. Among them, the first layer: porous material (sound absorption, heat preservation); the second layer: hard damping Material (sound insulation); third layer: porous material (sound absorption, heat preservation); fourth layer: hard damping material (sound insulation); fifth layer: porous material (sound absorption, heat preservation). In this example, the thickness of the sound incident direction is 18mm thick rubber and plastic closed-cell insulation material, 2mm thick thick sound insulation pad, 24mm thick rubber and plastic closed cell insulation material, 3mm thick thick sound insulation pad and 20mm thick Rubber-plastic closed-cell insulation material.

In practical application: The specific design of the characteristic parameters and thickness of the porous material and the characteristic parameter and thickness of the hard damping material can be selected within the above reasonable value range according to the requirements of material installation and use and the overall acoustic performance design requirements.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present utility model rather than limit them. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present utility model does not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present utility model, and all of them should cover In the scope of the claims of the present utility model.

Claims (7)

1. A multifunctional layered composite material is characterized in that, at least comprises a two-layer composite structure of one deck of porous thermal insulation material layer and one deck of hard damping sound-insulation material layer, and the porous thermal insulation material layer and hard damping sound-insulation material layer Layers of material are stacked alternately. 2. The multifunctional layered composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, said multifunctional layered composite material comprises two layers of hard damping and sound-insulating material layers and one layer of porous thermal insulation material layer, said A layer of porous heat-insulating material is arranged between two layers of hard damping and sound-insulating material. 3. The multifunctional layered composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, said multifunctional layered composite material comprises two layers of porous thermal insulation material layers and one layer of hard damping sound insulation material layer, said A layer of hard damping and sound-insulating material is arranged between two layers of porous heat-insulating material. 4. The multifunctional layered composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, said multifunctional layered composite material comprises two layers of porous thermal insulation material layers and three layers of hard damping and sound insulation material layers, said Two layers of porous thermal insulation material layers are separately arranged between two adjacent layers of hard damping and sound insulation material layers. 5. The multifunctional layered composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, said multifunctional layered composite material comprises two layers of hard damping and sound-insulating material layers and three layers of porous thermal insulation material layers, said Two layers of hard damping and sound-insulating material layers are respectively arranged at intervals between two adjacent porous heat-insulating material layers. 6. The multifunctional layered composite material according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the thickness of the porous heat-insulating material layer is 3-50 mm. 7. The multifunctional layered composite material according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the thickness of the hard damping and sound-insulating material layer is 0.5-5 mm.

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