CN112848558B - 一种高强度轻量化防火铝复合板及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种高强度轻量化防火铝复合板及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN112848558B
CN112848558B CN202011592195.5A CN202011592195A CN112848558B CN 112848558 B CN112848558 B CN 112848558B CN 202011592195 A CN202011592195 A CN 202011592195A CN 112848558 B CN112848558 B CN 112848558B
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aluminum alloy
plate
parts
flame
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CN112848558A (zh
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杨满意
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Jiangsu Huameite Metal Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

一种高强度轻量化防火铝复合板及其制备工艺,所述防火铝复合板上下层分别为铝合金板、铝合金基板,中间层为阻燃芯板,所述防火铝复合板上表面设置有保护膜,所述防火铝复合板下表面设置有消音层;所述消音层由内至外包括内隔音毡、泡沫棉层、外隔音毡,所述泡沫棉层的横截面为蜂窝型结构;所述阻燃芯板,按质量份数计,主要由以下组分构成:低密度聚乙烯65‑75份、改性水滑石20‑25份、膨胀蛭石粉5‑8份、聚磷酸胺3‑5份、抗氧剂1010 1‑3份。本发明所述的高强度轻量化防火铝复合板及其制备工艺,配方设置合理,制备工艺简单,防火等级达到A1,耐污染性、耐候性好,易保养,隔音效果好,具有优异的强度、冲击和拉伸性能,应用前景广泛。

Description

一种高强度轻量化防火铝复合板及其制备工艺
技术领域
本发明属于防火板技术领域,具体涉及一种高强度轻量化防火铝复合板及其制备工艺。
背景技术
建筑业作为基础性行业支撑着国家经济的稳固发展,创新型社会中的建筑业发展呈现集中化、新型化、智能化、可持续化趋势,新型结构、新型材料在建筑行业中得到了广泛应用。并且建筑物内部存放有大量的可燃性材料、各种机器设备动力和电源都是造成火灾的因素,火灾一旦发生,短时间内不能得到有效控制,火势就会越来越大,往往会产生严重的后果,造成不可估量的经济损失。据专家统计,在大型商场、写字楼等密集场所发生火灾时,各种有毒气体会从燃烧的装饰材料中释放出来,会造成大量的人员伤亡,死亡比例高达82%,而防火板作为重要的隔离防火设备,可以有效避免火灾隐患,降低生命财产损失。
防火板受到建筑领域的青睐程度越来越高,不管对于建筑物的外部构造还是 内部装饰,都具有一定的应用价值。防火板具有良好的防火隔离作用,在火灾发生时,可以有效阻止火势继续扩大,能有效保护建筑物结构和内部设施,是非常实用的防火建筑材料。防火板不仅具有良好的防火防水性能,而且质量轻、可再加工,优于有机板和无机板。可以说,人们生产生活中处处都可以看到防火板的影子,为了保障人们的生产生活能够有序进行,必须保证防火板的生产质量。
防火铝复合板常采用金属和非金属两种性质的材料复合而成的,它既保留了金属铝和非金属塑料的主要特性,又克服了它们的不足,进而具有许多优良的性能,如耐候耐蚀性、防火、防潮、隔音、隔热、抗震性和质轻、易加工成型、施工方便等。现有技术的防火铝复合板存在着以下问题:强度不够、抗冲击能力不足、规格尺寸稳定性差,严重制约着国内防火铝复合板企业的快速发展,因此,需要研发出一种高强度轻量化防火铝复合板及其制备工艺,既保证其质轻的优点,又具有高强度的特性。
中国专利申请号为CN201811005167.1公开了一种防火铝板,包括基层铝板,所述铝板的顶端设有阻燃层,所述阻燃层的顶端设有耐火层,所述耐火层的顶端设有烤漆铝板,结构过于简单,没有提高防火铝复合板的强度。
发明内容
发明目的:为了克服以上不足,本发明的目的是提供一种高强度轻量化防火铝复合板及其制备工艺,配方设置合理,制备工艺简单,防火等级达到A1,耐污染性、耐候性好,易保养,隔音效果好,具有优异的强度、冲击和拉伸性能,应用前景广泛。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种高强度轻量化防火铝复合板,所述防火铝复合板是由铝合金板、阻燃芯板、铝合金基板复合而成;其中,所述防火铝复合板上下层分别为铝合金板、铝合金基板,中间层为阻燃芯板,所述防火铝复合板上表面设置有保护膜,所述防火铝复合板下表面设置有消音层;所述消音层由内至外包括内隔音毡、泡沫棉层、外隔音毡,所述泡沫棉层的横截面为蜂窝型结构;所述铝合金板采用1060铝合金板材;所述阻燃芯板,按质量份数计,主要由以下组分构成:低密度聚乙烯65-75份、改性水滑石20-25份、膨胀蛭石粉5-8份、聚磷酸铵3-5份、抗氧剂1010 1-3份;所述铝合金基板,按质量份数计,主要由以下组分构成:铝合金88-92份、TiC 0.5-1.5份、SiC 3-8份。
本发明所述的高强度轻量化防火铝复合板,结构设计合理,采用铝合金板-阻燃芯板-铝合金基板的结构,防火效果优异,防火等级达到A1;在防火铝复合板上表面设置保护膜,提高了防火铝复合板的耐污染性、耐候性、易保养,提高了使用寿命,在防火铝复合板下表面设置有消音层,声波在经过泡沫材料上的切断面和气孔内频繁漫反射,具有明显的吸音隔音的作用,并通过内隔音毡、外隔音毡的辅助,大大提高了防火铝复合板的隔音效果。
所述铝合金板采用1060铝合金板材,含铝量达到99.6%,具有高的可塑性、耐蚀性、导电性和导热性,通过设置铝合金基板,克服了1060铝合金板材强度低、热处理不能强化的问题;铝合金板与铝合金基板铝塑板中间设置有阻燃芯板,所述阻燃芯板的配方设置合理,采用低密度聚乙烯、改性水滑石制备出聚乙烯基纳米复合材料,并通过与膨胀阻燃剂膨胀蛭石粉、聚磷酸铵复配获得阻燃芯板;其中,改性水滑石具有良好的相容性和较大的层间距离,能够充分剥离并均匀分散在聚乙烯基体中,改性水滑石的加入使得聚乙烯基纳米复合材料具有有较低的热氧稳定性,降解后延缓了聚乙烯大分子链的热氧化降解过程;改性水滑石与膨胀蛭石粉、聚磷酸铵具有协同阻燃的作用,能够促进聚乙烯热降解初期膨胀炭层的形成,并在一定程度上改善炭层 热稳定性,提高膨胀炭层的阻隔作用,还能有效的抑制燃烧中热释放,显著提高了阻燃芯板的阻燃性能,所述阻燃芯板的极限氧指数为35左右。
进一步的,上述的高强度轻量化防火铝复合板,所述改性水滑石的平均粒径为4-6μm;所述聚磷酸铵的平均聚合度大于1000,五氧化磷含量大于71%,氮含量大于14%。
进一步的,上述的高强度轻量化防火铝复合板,所述铝合金基板中,铝合金采用气雾化纯度为99.6-99.9%、平均直径为10-40 μm的粉末 ;所述TiC采用纯度为99.0-99.5%、平均直径为30-60nm、等轴状的TiC颗粒;所述SiC采用平均直径为0.2-0.3μm、平均长度为10-20μm、竹节状的β-SiC 纳米线。
所述铝合金基板,以铝合金作为基体,以TiC、SiC作为增强体,TiC、SiC可以均匀分布于铝合金基体之中,并且产生良好的结合界面,并且使烧结后的铝合金基体晶粒更加细小,得到强化效果;其中,TiC 颗粒的加入提高了铝合金基板的布氏硬度与强度,引起了铝合金基板中铝合金基体的微结构变 化,TiC 颗粒附近晶粒细化现象明显;β-SiC 纳米线作为复合材料中一种硬质相直接提高了铝合金基板的硬度,β-SiC 纳米线分担了从铝合金基体转移的载荷,并且对铝合金基体的变形具有较高的抵抗能力;另外β-SiC 纳米线与铝合金基体间的热错配应力作用也提升了硬度值,β-SiC 纳米线发生明显的团聚现象并形成团聚簇。
本发明还涉及所述高强度轻量化防火铝复合板的制备工艺,包括阻燃芯板的制备、铝合金基板的制备、轧制复合,其中,所述阻燃芯板的制备,包括如下步骤:
(1)改性水滑石的制备:将水滑石放入马弗炉中,在480-500 ℃下煅烧 5-6 h ,得到煅烧物,放入干燥器中保存 ;将蒸馏水煮沸至沸腾并保持微沸状态同时进行回流,将煅烧物放入微沸的蒸馏水中并搅拌,随后立即加入改性剂,用 NaOH 溶液调节pH 为 10,继续搅拌 3-4 h,得到混合液 ;将混合液静止放置进行陈化直至出现明显的分层,将分层后的混合液抽滤并用蒸馏水洗涤直至滤液呈中性为止,将产物置于 70-80 ℃的干燥箱中 进行烘干,将烘干后的白色固体研磨成粉末 ,得到改性水滑石;
(2)熔融混合:按照配方,将低密度聚乙烯、改性水滑石、抗氧剂1010一起投入至转矩流变仪中熔融混合,混合至转矩稳定,再加入膨胀蛭石粉、聚磷酸铵,继续混合,待转矩稳定后即停止混炼,改用开炼机进行二次混炼并热压成型,得到阻燃芯板。
进一步的,上述的高强度轻量化防火铝复合板的制备工艺,所述铝合金基板的制备,包括如下步骤:将SiC、TiC分别置于分散剂溶液中超声分散 0.5-1.0h,然后在40-60℃温度下烘干;烘干后,将铝合金、SiC、TiC放入球磨机进行球磨处理,得到混合粉末;将混合粉末置于石墨模具中并且预压实,然后将石墨模具置于放电等离子烧结炉中进行烧结处理,得到铝合金基板。
进一步的,上述的高强度轻量化防火铝复合板的制备工艺,所述铝合金基板的制备中的球磨处理,球磨气氛为氩气气氛,球磨罐选用材质为硬质合金罐,球料比为8:1,球磨机转速保持在180-200r/min,并且球磨过程中加入CH3CH2OH作为过程控制剂;所述放电等离子烧结炉的烧结温度为 560-600℃,保温时间为 3-5 min,烧结过程中压力保持在 50-60MPa,烧结过程中升温速率为 25-35℃/min。
加入少许的CH3CH2OH作为过程控制剂,可以保证铝合金、TiC、SiC粉末混合过程中铝合金粉末不被粘接成为一体而导致粉末的混合不充分进而影响铝合金基板性能。
进一步的,上述的高强度轻量化防火铝复合板的制备工艺,所述轧制复合,包括如下步骤:
(1)退火:先将铝合金板放入马弗炉中,在450-500℃下保温2-2.5 h进行退火处理;
(2)清洁:采用角磨机以及丙酮分别对铝合金板、铝合金基板进行表面清洁处理;按照铝合金板、阻燃芯板、铝合金基板的顺序进行堆放并且在一端铆接结合,得到预制复合板;上述铆接方向为轧机轧制方向的前端位置;
(3)预热处理:将上述预制复合板在 400-450℃ 下保温 5-10min,随后立即进行轧制复合;
(4)将铝合金板、阻燃芯板、铝合金基板采用轧机进行复合,得到复合板;所述轧机的轧辊直径为 200-5000 mm,轧制速度为 25-50 r/min,轧制变形量均控制在38-42%。
进一步的,上述的高强度轻量化防火铝复合板的制备工艺, 还包括后处理;所述后处理,包括如下步骤:将保护膜、消音层分别均匀贴于复合板上表面和下表面上,放入烘箱,于40-60℃下放置4-5 h,得到防火铝复合板。
进一步的,上述的高强度轻量化防火铝复合板的制备工艺,所述防火铝复合板中,铝合金板的厚度为1-1.5mm,所述阻燃芯板的厚度为0.3-0.5mm,所述铝合金基板的厚度为1-1.5mm。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:
(1)本发明公开的高强度轻量化防火铝复合板,结构设计合理,采用铝合金板-阻燃芯板-铝合金基板的结构,防火效果优异,防火等级达到A1;
(2)本发明公开的高强度轻量化防火铝复合板,所述铝合金板采用1060铝合金板材,含铝量达到99.6%,具有高的可塑性、耐蚀性、导电性和导热性,通过设置铝合金基板,克服了1060铝合金板材强度低、热处理不能强化的问题;
(3)本发明公开的高强度轻量化防火铝复合板,铝合金板与铝合金基板铝塑板中间设置有阻燃芯板,所述阻燃芯板的配方设置合理,采用低密度聚乙烯、改性水滑石制备出聚乙烯基纳米复合材料,并通过与膨胀阻燃剂膨胀蛭石粉、聚磷酸铵复配获得阻燃芯板;其中,改性水滑石具有良好的相容性和较大的层间距离,能够充分剥离并均匀分散在聚乙烯基体中,改性水滑石的加入使得聚乙烯基纳米复合材料具有有较低的热氧稳定性,降解后延缓了聚乙烯大分子链的热氧化降解过程;改性水滑石与膨胀蛭石粉、聚磷酸铵具有协同阻燃的作用,能够促进聚乙烯热降解初期膨胀炭层的形成,并在一定程度上改善炭层 热稳定性,提高膨胀炭层的阻隔作用,还能有效的抑制燃烧中热释放,显著提高了阻燃芯板的阻燃性能,所述阻燃芯板的极限氧指数为35%左右;
(4)本发明公开的高强度轻量化防火铝复合板,所述铝合金基板,以铝合金作为基体,以TiC、SiC作为增强体,TiC、SiC可以均匀分布于铝合金基体之中,并且产生良好的结合界面,并且使烧结后的铝合金基体晶粒更加细小,得到强化效果;
(5)本发明公开的高强度轻量化防火铝复合板的制备工艺,制备步骤设置合理,制备步骤简单可控且具有很高的灵活性,可以用于大规模的生产,具有较好的经济性,应用前景广泛。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述高强度轻量化防火铝复合板的防火铝复合板剖面结构示意图;
图中:铝合金板1、阻燃芯板2、铝合金基板3、保护膜4、消音层5、内隔音毡51、泡沫棉层52、外隔音毡53。
具体实施方式
下面将实施例结合具体实验数据,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通的技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
以下实施例提供了一种高强度轻量化防火铝复合板,所述防火铝复合板是由铝合金板1、阻燃芯板2、铝合金基板3复合而成;其中,所述防火铝复合板上下层分别为铝合金板1、铝合金基板3,中间层为阻燃芯板2,所述防火铝复合板上表面设置有保护膜4,所述防火铝复合板下表面设置有消音层5;所述消音层5由内至外包括内隔音毡51、泡沫棉层52、外隔音毡53,所述泡沫棉层52的横截面为蜂窝型结构;所述铝合金板1采用1060铝合金板材;所述阻燃芯板2,按质量份数计,主要由以下组分构成:低密度聚乙烯65-75份、改性水滑石20-25份、膨胀蛭石粉5-8份、聚磷酸铵3-5份、抗氧剂1010 1-3份;所述铝合金基板3,按质量份数计,主要由以下组分构成:铝合金88-92份、TiC 0.5-1.5份、SiC 3-8份。
进一步的,所述改性水滑石的平均粒径为4-6μm;所述聚磷酸铵的平均聚合度大于1000,五氧化磷含量大于71%,氮含量大于14%。
进一步的,所述铝合金基板3中,铝合金采用气雾化纯度为99.6-99.9%、平均直径为10-40 μm的粉末 ;所述TiC采用纯度为99.0-99.5%、平均直径为30-60nm、等轴状的TiC颗粒;所述SiC采用平均直径为0.2-0.3μm、平均长度为10-20μm、竹节状的β-SiC 纳米线。
进一步的,所述防火铝复合板中,铝合金板1的厚度为1-1.5mm,所述阻燃芯板2的厚度为0.3-0.5mm,所述铝合金基板3的厚度为1-1.5mm。
实施例1
所述的高强度轻量化防火铝复合板,包括以下步骤:
(1)阻燃芯板的制备:
1) 改性水滑石的制备:将水滑石放入马弗炉中,在480 ℃下煅烧 5.5 h ,得到煅烧物,放入干燥器中保存 ;将蒸馏水煮沸至沸腾并保持微沸状态同时进行回流,将煅烧物放入微沸的蒸馏水中并搅拌,随后立即加入改性剂,用 NaOH 溶液调节pH 为10,继续搅拌3 h,得到混合液 ;将混合液静止放置进行陈化直至出现明显的分层,将分层后的混合液抽滤并用蒸馏水洗涤直至滤液呈中性为止,将产物置于80℃的干燥箱中 进行烘干,将烘干后的白色固体研磨成粉末 ,得到改性水滑石;
2) 熔融混合:所述阻燃芯板2,按质量份数计,主要由以下组分构成:低密度聚乙烯66份、改性水滑石24份、膨胀蛭石粉6份、聚磷酸铵5份、抗氧剂1010 1份;按照配方,将低密度聚乙烯、改性水滑石、抗氧剂1010一起投入至转矩流变仪中熔融混合,混合至转矩稳定,再加入膨胀蛭石粉、聚磷酸铵,继续混合,待转矩稳定后即停止混炼,改用开炼机进行二次混炼并热压成型,得到阻燃芯板。
(2)铝合金基板的制备:所述铝合金基板3,按质量份数计,主要由以下组分构成:铝合金88份、TiC 1.5份、SiC 8份;将SiC、TiC分别置于分散剂溶液中超声分散 1.0h,然后在50℃温度下烘干;烘干后,将铝合金、SiC、TiC放入球磨机进行球磨处理,得到混合粉末,球磨处理的球磨气氛为氩气气氛,球磨罐选用材质为硬质合金罐,球料比为8:1,球磨机转速保持在200r/min,并且球磨过程中加入CH3CH2OH作为过程控制剂;将混合粉末置于石墨模具中并且预压实,然后将石墨模具置于放电等离子烧结炉中进行烧结处理,所述放电等离子烧结炉的烧结温度为580℃,保温时间为 5 min,烧结过程中压力保持在60MPa,烧结过程中升温速率为 30℃/min,得到铝合金基板;
(3) 轧制复合:先将铝合金板1放入马弗炉中,在480℃下保温2.5 h进行退火处理;采用角磨机以及丙酮分别对铝合金板1、铝合金基板3进行表面清洁处理;按照铝合金板1、阻燃芯板2、铝合金基板3的顺序进行堆放并且在一端铆接结合,得到预制复合板;上述铆接方向为轧机轧制方向的前端位置;将上述预制复合板在 450℃ 下保温 6min ,随后立即进行轧制复合;将铝合金板1、阻燃芯板2、铝合金基板3采用轧机进行复合,得到复合板;所述轧机的轧辊直径为 500mm,轧制速度为 40r/min,轧制变形量均控制在40%。
(4) 后处理:将保护膜4、消音层5分别均匀贴于复合板上表面和下表面上,放入烘箱,于50℃下放置4 h,得到防火铝复合板。
实施例2
所述的高强度轻量化防火铝复合板,包括以下步骤:
(2)阻燃芯板的制备:
3) 改性水滑石的制备:将水滑石放入马弗炉中,500 ℃下煅烧 5 h ,得到煅烧物,放入干燥器中保存 ;将蒸馏水煮沸至沸腾并保持微沸状态同时进行回流,将煅烧物放入微沸的蒸馏水中并搅拌,随后立即加入改性剂,用 NaOH 溶液调节pH 为 10,继续搅拌3.5h,得到混合液 ;将混合液静止放置进行陈化直至出现明显的分层,将分层后的混合液抽滤并用蒸馏水洗涤直至滤液呈中性为止,将产物置于80℃的干燥箱中 进行烘干,将烘干后的白色固体研磨成粉末 ,得到改性水滑石;
4) 熔融混合:所述阻燃芯板2,按质量份数计,主要由以下组分构成:低密度聚乙烯70份、改性水滑石22份、膨胀蛭石粉8份、聚磷酸铵5份、抗氧剂1010 1.5份;按照配方,将低密度聚乙烯、改性水滑石、抗氧剂1010一起投入至转矩流变仪中熔融混合,混合至转矩稳定,再加入膨胀蛭石粉、聚磷酸铵,继续混合,待转矩稳定后即停止混炼,改用开炼机进行二次混炼并热压成型,得到阻燃芯板。
(2)铝合金基板的制备:所述铝合金基板3,按质量份数计,主要由以下组分构成:铝合金88份、TiC 1.5份、SiC 8份;将SiC、TiC分别置于分散剂溶液中超声分散 1.0h,然后在50℃温度下烘干;烘干后,将铝合金、SiC、TiC放入球磨机进行球磨处理,得到混合粉末,球磨处理的球磨气氛为氩气气氛,球磨罐选用材质为硬质合金罐,球料比为8:1,球磨机转速保持在200r/min,并且球磨过程中加入CH3CH2OH作为过程控制剂;将混合粉末置于石墨模具中并且预压实,然后将石墨模具置于放电等离子烧结炉中进行烧结处理,所述放电等离子烧结炉的烧结温度为580℃,保温时间为5 min,烧结过程中压力保持在60MPa,烧结过程中升温速率为 30℃/min,得到铝合金基板;
(3)轧制复合:先将铝合金板1放入马弗炉中,在480℃下保温2.5 h进行退火处理;采用角磨机以及丙酮分别对铝合金板1、铝合金基板3进行表面清洁处理;按照铝合金板1、阻燃芯板、铝合金基板3的顺序进行堆放并且在一端铆接结合,得到预制复合板;上述铆接方向为轧机轧制方向的前端位置;将上述预制复合板在 450℃ 下保温 6min ,随后立即进行轧制复合;将铝合金板1、阻燃芯板2、铝合金基板3采用轧机进行复合,得到复合板;所述轧机的轧辊直径为 500mm,轧制速度为 40r/min,轧制变形量均控制在40%。
(4)后处理:将保护膜4、消音层5分别均匀贴于复合板上表面和下表面上,放入烘箱,于40℃下放置5 h,得到防火铝复合板。
实施例3
所述的高强度轻量化防火铝复合板,包括以下步骤:
(3)阻燃芯板的制备:
5) 改性水滑石的制备:将水滑石放入马弗炉中,在480 ℃下煅烧 5 h ,得到煅烧物,放入干燥器中保存 ;将蒸馏水煮沸至沸腾并保持微沸状态同时进行回流,将煅烧物放入微沸的蒸馏水中并搅拌,随后立即加入改性剂,用 NaOH 溶液调节pH 为 10,继续搅拌 4h,得到混合液 ;将混合液静止放置进行陈化直至出现明显的分层,将分层后的混合液抽滤并用蒸馏水洗涤直至滤液呈中性为止,将产物置于 80℃的干燥箱中进行烘干,将烘干后的白色固体研磨成粉末 ,得到改性水滑石;
6) 熔融混合:所述阻燃芯板2,按质量份数计,主要由以下组分构成:低密度聚乙烯72份、改性水滑石20份、膨胀蛭石粉5份、聚磷酸铵4份、抗氧剂1010 2份;按照配方,将低密度聚乙烯、改性水滑石、抗氧剂1010一起投入至转矩流变仪中熔融混合,混合至转矩稳定,再加入膨胀蛭石粉、聚磷酸铵,继续混合,待转矩稳定后即停止混炼,改用开炼机进行二次混炼并热压成型,得到阻燃芯板。
(2)铝合金基板的制备:所述铝合金基板3,按质量份数计,主要由以下组分构成:铝合金88份、TiC 1.5份、SiC 8份;将SiC、TiC分别置于分散剂溶液中超声分散 1.0h,然后在50℃温度下烘干;烘干后,将铝合金、SiC、TiC放入球磨机进行球磨处理,得到混合粉末,球磨处理的球磨气氛为氩气气氛,球磨罐选用材质为硬质合金罐,球料比为8:1,球磨机转速保持在200r/min,并且球磨过程中加入CH3CH2OH作为过程控制剂;将混合粉末置于石墨模具中并且预压实,然后将石墨模具置于放电等离子烧结炉中进行烧结处理,所述放电等离子烧结炉的烧结温度为580℃,保温时间为 5 min,烧结过程中压力保持在60MPa,烧结过程中升温速率为 30℃/min,得到铝合金基板;
(3) 轧制复合:先将铝合金板1放入马弗炉中,在480℃下保温2.5 h进行退火处理;采用角磨机以及丙酮分别对铝合金板1、铝合金基板3进行表面清洁处理;按照铝合金板1、阻燃芯板、铝合金基板3的顺序进行堆放并且在一端铆接结合,得到预制复合板;上述铆接方向为轧机轧制方向的前端位置;将上述预制复合板在 450℃ 下保温 6min ,随后立即进行轧制复合;将铝合金板1、阻燃芯板2、铝合金基板3采用轧机进行复合,得到复合板;所述轧机的轧辊直径为 500mm,轧制速度为 40r/min,轧制变形量均控制在40%。
(4)后处理:将保护膜4、消音层5分别均匀贴于复合板上表面和下表面上,放入烘箱,于50℃下放置5 h,得到防火铝复合板。
效果验证
将上述实施例1、2、3得到的防火铝复合板进行测试,测试结果见表1。
(1)力学性能测试:先对上述实施例1、2、3得到的防火铝复合板利用线切割机进行切割处理的,得到拉伸试样,其中拉伸试样的平行段长度为15 mm、试样宽度为4 mm、试样厚度为测试板材的厚度,拉伸实验在 INSTRON-5982 万能力学试验机上进行,拉伸速度设定为 0.3 mm/min。为保证拉伸实验结果的准确性,每个样品都至少重复测试三次。
(2)硬度:采用 HV-1000 型维氏显微硬度计来测量上述实施例1、2、3得到的防火铝复合板的硬度。
(3)防火性能: 根据GB8624-2018《建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级》进行测试。
表1样品性能测试结果
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
屈服强度(MPa) 46.1 46.0 45.9
抗拉强度(MPa) 88.6 89.1 88.7
延伸率(%) 30.1 30.3 30.5
维氏硬度值 (HV) 39.0 39.4 39.2
防火性能(级) A1 A1 A1
本发明具体应用途径很多,以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式。应当指出,以上实施例仅用于说明本发明,而并不用于限制本发明的保护范围。对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进,这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种高强度轻量化防火铝复合板,其特征在于,所述防火铝复合板包括铝合金板(1)、阻燃芯板(2)、铝合金基板(3);其中,所述防火铝复合板上下层分别为铝合金板(1)、铝合金基板(3),中间层为阻燃芯板(2),所述防火铝复合板上表面设置有保护膜(4),所述防火铝复合板下表面设置有消音层(5);所述消音层(5)由内至外包括内隔音毡(51)、泡沫棉层(52)、外隔音毡(53),所述泡沫棉层(52)的横截面为蜂窝型结构;所述铝合金板(1)采用1060铝合金板材;所述阻燃芯板(2),按质量份数计,主要由以下组分构成:低密度聚乙烯65-75份、改性水滑石20-25份、膨胀蛭石粉5-8份、聚磷酸铵3-5份、抗氧剂1010 1-3份;所述铝合金基板(3),按质量份数计,主要由以下组分构成:铝合金88-92份、TiC 0.5-1.5份、SiC3-8份;所述铝合金基板(3)中,铝合金采用气雾化纯度为99.6-99.9%、平均直径为10-40 μm的粉末 ;所述TiC采用纯度为99.0-99.5%、平均直径为30-60nm、等轴状的TiC颗粒;所述SiC采用平均直径为0.2-0.3μm、平均长度为10-20μm、竹节状的β-SiC 纳米线。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高强度轻量化防火铝复合板,其特征在于,所述改性水滑石的平均粒径为4-6μm;所述聚磷酸铵的平均聚合度大于1000,五氧化磷含量大于71%,氮含量大于14%。
3.根据权利要求1至2任一项所述的高强度轻量化防火铝复合板的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括阻燃芯板的制备、铝合金基板的制备、轧制复合,其中,所述阻燃芯板的制备,包括如下步骤:
(1)改性水滑石的制备:将水滑石放入马弗炉中,在480-500 ℃下煅烧 5-6 h ,得到煅烧物,放入干燥器中保存 ;将蒸馏水煮沸至沸腾并保持微沸状态同时进行回流,将煅烧物放入微沸的蒸馏水中并搅拌,随后立即加入改性剂,用 NaOH 溶液调节pH 为 10,继续搅拌3 -4 h,得到混合液 ;将混合液静止放置进行陈化直至出现明显的分层,将分层后的混合液抽滤并用蒸馏水洗涤直至滤液呈中性为止,将产物置于 70-80 ℃的干燥箱中 进行烘干,将烘干后的白色固体研磨成粉末 ,得到改性水滑石;
(2)熔融混合:按照配方,将低密度聚乙烯、改性水滑石、抗氧剂1010一起投入至转矩流变仪中熔融混合,混合至转矩稳定,再加入膨胀蛭石粉、聚磷酸铵,继续混合,待转矩稳定后即停止混炼,改用开炼机进行二次混炼并热压成型,得到阻燃芯板。
4.根据权利要求3所述高强度轻量化防火铝复合板的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述铝合金基板的制备,包括如下步骤:将SiC、TiC分别置于分散剂溶液中超声分散 0.5-1.0h,然后在40-60℃温度下烘干;烘干后,将铝合金、SiC、TiC放入球磨机进行球磨处理,得到混合粉末;将混合粉末置于石墨模具中并且预压实,然后将石墨模具置于放电等离子烧结炉中进行烧结处理,得到铝合金基板。
5.根据权利要求4所述高强度轻量化防火铝复合板的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述铝合金基板的制备中的球磨处理,球磨气氛为氩气气氛,球磨罐选用材质为硬质合金罐,球料比为8:1,球磨机转速保持在180-200r/min,并且球磨过程中加入CH3CH2OH作为过程控制剂;所述放电等离子烧结炉的烧结温度为 560-600℃,保温时间为 3-5 min,烧结过程中压力保持在 50-60MPa,烧结过程中升温速率为 25-35℃/min。
6.根据权利要求3所述高强度轻量化防火铝复合板的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述轧制复合,包括如下步骤:
(1)退火:先将铝合金板(1)放入马弗炉中,在450-500℃下保温2-2.5 h进行退火处理;
(2)清洁:采用角磨机以及丙酮分别对铝合金板(1)、铝合金基板(3)进行表面清洁处理;按照铝合金板(1)、阻燃芯板、铝合金基板(3)的顺序进行堆放并且在一端铆接结合,得到预制复合板;上述铆接方向为轧机轧制方向的前端位置;
(3)预热处理:将上述预制复合板在 400-450℃ 下保温 5-10min ,随后立即进行轧制复合;
(4)将铝合金板(1)、阻燃芯板(2)、铝合金基板(3)采用轧机进行复合,得到复合板;所述轧机的轧辊直径为 200-5000 mm,轧制速度为 25-50 r/min,轧制变形量均控制在38-42%。
7.根据权利要求3所述高强度轻量化防火铝复合板的制备工艺,其特征在于,还包括后处理;所述后处理,包括如下步骤:将保护膜(4)、消音层(5)分别均匀贴于复合板上表面和下表面上,放入烘箱,于40-60℃下放置4-5 h,得到防火铝复合板。
8.根据权利要求3所述高强度轻量化防火铝复合板的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述防火铝复合板中,铝合金板(1)的厚度为1-1.5mm,所述阻燃芯板(2)的厚度为0.3-0.5mm,所述铝合金基板(3)的厚度为1-1.5mm。
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