CN112848179B - Marrow-shaped cooling mold and forming method thereof - Google Patents
Marrow-shaped cooling mold and forming method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112848179B CN112848179B CN202110239743.4A CN202110239743A CN112848179B CN 112848179 B CN112848179 B CN 112848179B CN 202110239743 A CN202110239743 A CN 202110239743A CN 112848179 B CN112848179 B CN 112848179B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/72—Heating or cooling
- B29C45/73—Heating or cooling of the mould
- B29C45/7312—Construction of heating or cooling fluid flow channels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/24—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/72—Heating or cooling
- B29C45/73—Heating or cooling of the mould
- B29C45/7312—Construction of heating or cooling fluid flow channels
- B29C2045/7318—Construction of heating or cooling fluid flow channels multilayered fluid channel constructions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a pith-shaped cooling die which comprises a die body and a pith-shaped structure (4) arranged in an inner cavity of the die body, wherein the die body comprises a die working surface (3), a cooling medium inlet (1) and a cooling medium outlet (2) which are arranged on the side surface of the die body, and the cooling medium inlet (1) and the cooling medium outlet (2) are respectively communicated with a cooling medium flowing pith gap (5) in the pith-shaped structure (4). The invention also discloses a forming method of the marrow-shaped cooling die. The invention adopts a pith-shaped structure to replace a hollow tubular runner, and has more uniform temperature distribution, larger cooling space, better cooling effect, higher mold strength and longer service life. The invention can realize the uniform cooling of the working part of the die and the product without blind areas, greatly improves the cooling efficiency and the die service life of the industries of injection molding, casting, stamping and the like, reduces the cost of the finished piece and improves the product quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pith-shaped cooling die and a forming method thereof, belonging to the field of die manufacturing.
Background
The mold is called as 'industrial parent' and is important equipment indispensable in modern industrial production, and the height of the technical level of the mold is an important mark for measuring the comprehensive manufacturing capability of a country. The cooling system of the mold is the core part of the mold, and determines the product quality, the production efficiency and the service life of the mold.
In order to quickly adjust the temperature of a mold and realize quick cooling of a working part of the mold, a drill is used for drilling a straight hole on the mold to form a straight hole type cooling flow passage, and a cooling medium (usually cooling water or oil) is filled in the straight hole type cooling flow passage to take away heat. The technical method has the advantages of simplicity, easiness in operation and defects that the cooling flow channel can only be arranged in a local area, the cooling effect is good at a position close to the cooling flow channel, the temperature is low, the cooling effect is not good at a position far away from the cooling flow channel (namely, a cooling blind area exists), the temperature is high, the product quality is not high (such as warping deformation, poor consistency, poor surface quality and the like) caused by non-uniform temperature, the production efficiency is low, the service life of a mold is short, and the problem is particularly prominent when the product structure is complex. Fundamentally, the straight hole type cooling flow channel is the result of a straight line type thinking. The advent of additive manufacturing (3D printing) technology has made it possible to change a conventional straight bore cooling runner into a curved bore cooling runner, such a runner that makes the cooling runner curve inside the mold following the shape of the work site using additive manufacturing technology, which is commonly referred to as a conformal cooling runner. On the basis, in order to improve the cooling efficiency, the inner wall of the curved hole type conformal cooling flow passage is locally treated by the patents with application numbers of 201810529989.3 and 201711344657.X, so that turbulent flow is formed, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved; in order to increase the contact area between the cooling medium and the die and reduce the cooling dead zones, patent application No. 201310559377.6 proposes to arrange labyrinth cooling channels in parallel, series and parallel combinations in a hollow layer at a distance from the surface of the working part.
From the practical application effect, the cooling effect and the product quality of the mold are improved to a certain extent based on the bent hole type conformal cooling flow channel printed by 3D. Fundamentally, however, such conformal cooling channels or improved conformal cooling channels are still the result of a curved thinking, and are extensions of a linear thinking, and as long as the linear (whether straight or curved) thinking is adopted, a cooling blind area is inevitably present, because there are always areas close to and far from the flow channels. No matter how local improvement is achieved, the straight or curved flow channel thinking can not exert the advantages of 3D printing and construction of complex space structures, and the flow channel design thinking needs to be thoroughly innovated.
The marrow-shaped cooling abandons the linear and curve flow channel design and application technical thinking, based on the bionics principle, directly uses the marrow-shaped cooling method of a spatial three-dimensional structure, and through the establishment of the three-dimensional marrow-shaped structure, the working part of the die and the product are uniformly cooled without blind areas in space, and the cooling medium naturally forms turbulent flow with high heat transfer effect when flowing through the marrow gap of the marrow-shaped structure, thereby fundamentally solving the problems of cooling uniformity, cooling efficiency, product quality and die service life of the die and the finished piece in the industries of injection molding, casting, stamping and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a Marrow Cooling (MC) die and a forming method thereof, aiming at the defects of a flow channel technology caused by the conventional straight hole type Cooling flow channel and curve type (bent hole type conformal Cooling flow channel and improved type thereof) thinking.
The invention discloses a pith-shaped cooling die, which comprises a die body and a pith-shaped structure arranged in an inner cavity of the die body, wherein the die body comprises a die working surface, a cooling medium inlet and a cooling medium outlet which are arranged on the side surface of the die body, and the cooling medium inlet and the cooling medium outlet are respectively communicated with a cooling medium flowing pith gap in the pith-shaped structure.
Further, the distance between the surface of the working part of the mould and the marrow-shaped structure is 2-12 mm, and preferably 3mm.
Further, the marrow-shaped structure comprises array unit bodies, and the shape of the array unit bodies is cross-shaped, diamond-shaped, X-shaped or m-shaped, and the combination of two or more of the cross-shaped, diamond-shaped, X-shaped or m-shaped.
The forming method of the pith-shaped cooling die comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the following steps of setting a marrow-shaped structure at a part needing cooling by imitating a human skeleton and a marrow structure, establishing a three-dimensional data model of a marrow-shaped cooling mould, and controlling the cooling speed by adjusting the distance between the surface of a working part of the mould and the marrow-shaped structure and the flow rate of a cooling medium, wherein the marrow-shaped structure consists of arrayed unit bodies which are connected with each other to form a marrow-shaped cooling medium flowing marrow gap and play roles of supporting and enhancing simultaneously, the cooling medium can flow through the marrow gap to form turbulence, so that heat exchange is efficiently completed and the heat of the working part is taken away, and the surface of the working part and a product are rapidly and uniformly cooled;
(2) Printing the three-dimensional data model by adopting a metal 3D printing technology, reserving allowance on the surface of a mould during printing, removing internal stress of the mould through heat treatment after printing, and improving the hardness of the mould;
(3) According to the surface quality requirement of the working part of the mold, the allowance of the mold surface is removed through machining and polishing treatment is carried out, and the required marrow-shaped cooling mold is obtained.
The shape of the array unit bodies in the marrow-shaped cooling mold comprises, but is not limited to, a cross shape, a diamond shape, an X shape, a meter shape and a combination of various shapes, the size and the distribution of the unit bodies are adjusted according to the shape of the mold and the cooling requirement, and the unit bodies are preferably a uniform cross array with the same size.
The cooling medium includes, but is not limited to, water, liquid, oil, gas, preferably cooling oil.
The metal 3D printing technology comprises but is not limited to a selective laser melting technology, an electron beam melting technology, an ion beam melting technology and a laser cladding forming technology, and preferably selective laser melting forming is adopted.
The allowance reserved on the surface of the die is 0.2-2 mm, and preferably 0.8mm.
The heat treatment process is formulated according to die materials, the hardness of the die after heat treatment reaches 50-60 HRC, the die materials are preferably 18Ni300 die steel, when the die materials are 18Ni300 die steel, the heat treatment method is that the temperature is kept at 490 ℃ for 6 hours, then furnace cooling is carried out, and the hardness of the die reaches 55HRC.
The machining method for removing the allowance of the surface of the die is preferably CNC machining.
In the marrow-shaped cooling mold obtained by the forming method, in the using process, in order to avoid pollution and blockage, the circulating cooling medium is filtered.
The pith-shaped cooling die and the forming method thereof have the following advantages:
the marrow-shaped cooling abandons the linear and curve flow channel design and application technical thinking, so that the marrow-shaped structure is distributed over the whole working position area to be cooled, no cooling blind area exists, and the problem of cooling uniformity is fundamentally solved;
secondly, the cooling efficiency problem can be fundamentally solved by the marrow-shaped cooling, and the following three reasons are specifically provided: (1) Other additional technologies and structures are not needed, the cooling medium can naturally form turbulent flow when flowing through the marrow-shaped structure, the heat exchange efficiency is high, and the cost is low; (2) The marrow-shaped structure is distributed over the working position area, the cooling medium can take away heat in time, and the cooling efficiency is high; (3) The marrow-shaped structure is connected with the working part, the heat of the working part reaches the marrow-shaped structure through heat conduction, and the cooling medium is arranged around the marrow-shaped structure, so that the heat can be taken away instantly, and the cooling efficiency is high;
thirdly, the marrow-shaped cooling enables the working position of the die to be cooled quickly and uniformly in deed, the surface quality of the product is high, no warping deformation is caused, the product consistency is good, and the product quality problem is solved fundamentally;
fourthly, the cooling medium can reach any position of the working part without a blind area, so that the temperature of the working part of the die is uniformly distributed, no thermal stress exists in the die, and the service life of the die is prolonged;
fifthly, cavities are formed in the linear cooling flow channel and the curved cooling flow channel inside the mold, the more the flow channels are, the more the cavities are, the lower the strength of the mold is, and the marrow-shaped structures are connected with each other, so that not only is the cooling medium guaranteed to reach all areas needing cooling without blind areas, but also the strength of the mold is guaranteed, and the advantages of light weight and high strength of the skeleton bionics are fully demonstrated;
sixthly, in the use process of the marrow-shaped cooling die, the circulating cooling medium which is subjected to filtering treatment is used for avoiding pollution and blockage, complex special coating or structural change treatment is not needed, and the marrow-shaped cooling die is simple and easy to implement, low in cost, good in effect and wide in application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of one embodiment of the cooling mold of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view of one embodiment of the cooling mold of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a plan cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the cooling die of the present invention in the form of a pith.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an array of cross-shaped marrow shaped structural units of one embodiment of the marrow cooling mold of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an array of diamond-shaped medullary structural units of one embodiment of the medullary cooling mold of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an array of X-shaped medullary structural units of one embodiment of the medullary cooling mold of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. cooling medium inlet, 2 cooling medium outlet, 3 mould working surface, 4 pith structure, 5 cooling medium flowing pith gap.
Detailed Description
The cooling mold and the forming method thereof according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the specific drawings of fig. 1 to 6 and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the cooling mold of the invention comprises a mold body and a marrow-shaped structure 4 arranged in the inner cavity of the mold body, wherein the mold body comprises a mold working surface 3 and a cooling medium inlet 1 and a cooling medium outlet 2 which are arranged on the side surface of the mold body, and the cooling medium inlet 1 and the cooling medium outlet 2 are respectively communicated with a cooling medium flowing marrow gap 5 in the marrow-shaped structure 4.
The distance between the surface 3 of the working part of the mould and the medullary structure 4 is 2 to 12mm, preferably 3mm.
As shown in fig. 4-6, the medullary structure 4 comprises an array unit body having a cross, diamond, or X-shape, a m-shape, or a combination of two or more of the cross, diamond, X, m-shape, and other shapes.
The size and distribution of the unit bodies are adjusted according to the shape of the die and the cooling requirement. Preferably, the unit cells are uniform cross-shaped arrays of the same size.
The marrow-shaped structure 4 of the present invention is 3D printed.
The invention relates to a forming method of a pith-shaped cooling die, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a bone marrow-shaped structure is arranged at a part needing cooling according to the structure of human bones and bone marrow, a three-dimensional data model of a marrow-shaped cooling mould is established, the cooling speed is controlled by adjusting the distance between the surface of a working part of the mould and the marrow-shaped structure and the flow rate of a cooling medium, the marrow-shaped structure consists of array unit bodies, the unit bodies are mutually connected to form a marrow-shaped cooling medium flowing marrow gap, and simultaneously, the marrow-shaped cooling medium flows through the marrow gap to form turbulence, so that heat exchange is efficiently completed and heat of the working part is taken away, and the surface of the working part is rapidly and uniformly cooled;
secondly, printing the three-dimensional data model by adopting a metal 3D printing technology, reserving allowance on the surface of a mould during printing, removing internal stress of the mould through heat treatment after printing, and simultaneously improving the hardness of the mould;
and thirdly, removing the surface allowance of the mold through machining according to the surface quality requirement of the working part of the mold, and polishing to obtain the required marrow-shaped cooling mold.
The shape of the array unit bodies in the marrow-shaped cooling mold comprises, but is not limited to, a cross shape, a diamond shape, an X shape, a meter shape and a combination of various shapes, the size and the distribution of the unit bodies are adjusted according to the shape of the mold and the cooling requirement, and the unit bodies are preferably uniform cross-shaped arrays with the same size.
The cooling medium includes, but is not limited to, water, liquid, oil, gas, and preferably cooling oil.
The metal 3D printing technology comprises but is not limited to a selective laser melting technology, an electron beam melting technology, an ion beam melting technology and a laser cladding forming technology, and preferably selective laser melting forming.
The allowance reserved on the surface of the die is 0.2-2 mm, and preferably 0.8mm.
The heat treatment process is formulated according to die materials, the hardness of the die after heat treatment reaches 50-60 HRC, the die material is preferably 18Ni300 die steel, when the die material is 18Ni300 die steel, the heat treatment method is preferably 490 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 6 hours, then furnace cooling is carried out, and the die hardness is not less than 55HRC.
The machining method for removing the allowance of the surface of the mold is preferably CNC machining.
In the marrow-shaped cooling mold obtained by the forming method, in the using process, in order to avoid pollution and blockage, the circulating cooling medium is filtered.
Example 1:
printing a marrow-shaped cooling injection mold according to the following technical steps: the method comprises the following steps of firstly, establishing a three-dimensional data model of a marrow-shaped cooling mold, wherein the distance between the surface of a working part of the mold and a marrow-shaped structure is 3mm, the marrow-shaped structure consists of uniformly arrayed diamond-shaped unit bodies, circulating filtered water is used as a cooling medium, and the cooling water flows through marrow gaps to form turbulence; secondly, printing a marrow-shaped cooling die by adopting a die steel material 18Ni300 through a selective laser melting 3D printing technology, wherein the model of a printer is EOS M290, a 0.8mm allowance is reserved on the surface of the die during printing, the die is subjected to heat preservation for 6 hours at 490 ℃ after printing, and then is cooled along with a furnace, the internal stress of the die is removed, and meanwhile, the hardness of the die is improved to 56HRC; and thirdly, removing the surface allowance of the mold through CNC machining and polishing to enable the precision grade of the mold to be IT7 grade and the surface quality of the working surface to reach A1 grade, so that the required pitted cooling mold is obtained. Injection molding experiments of polypropylene materials were conducted using the pith-shaped cooling mold, and the cooling time and the warpage of the molded article (sample number SM-1) were tested and compared with the results obtained under the same conditions using conventional straight-hole and conformal-cooled curved-hole type cooling molds, which are shown in Table 1.
Example 2:
printing a marrow-shaped cooling die-casting die according to the following technical steps: the method comprises the following steps of firstly, establishing a three-dimensional data model of a marrow-shaped cooling mold, wherein the distance between the surface of a working part of the mold and a marrow-shaped structure is 4mm, the marrow-shaped structure consists of uniformly arrayed cross-shaped unit bodies, oil subjected to circulating filtration is used as a cooling medium, and the cooling oil flows through marrow gaps to form turbulence; secondly, printing a marrow-shaped cooling die by adopting H13 die steel material through a selective laser melting 3D printing technology, wherein the model of a printer is ConceptLaser M2, the allowance of 0.6mm is reserved on the surface of the die during printing, the die is subjected to heat preservation for 9 hours at 460 ℃ after printing, and then is cooled along with a furnace, so that the internal stress of the die is removed, and the hardness of the die is improved to 58HRC; and thirdly, removing the surface allowance of the mold through CNC machining and carrying out polishing treatment to ensure that the precision grade of the mold is IT6 grade and the surface quality of a working surface reaches A2 grade, thereby obtaining the required marrow-shaped cooling mold. The pith cooling die was used to conduct a die casting experiment of 6061 aluminum alloy, and the cooling time and warpage of the part (sample number YZ-1) were tested and compared with the results obtained under the same conditions using conventional straight-hole type and conformal-cooling bent-hole type cooling dies, and are shown in table 1.
And (3) comparing the implementation effects:
the comparison of the parameters of the effect is shown in Table 1. In an injection molding experiment, the cooling time and the part warping of the bending hole type cooling die subjected to shape following cooling are respectively reduced by 31.7% and 28% compared with those of a traditional straight hole type cooling die, while the cooling time and the part warping of the pith type cooling die are respectively reduced by 67.9% and 94.4% compared with those of the bending hole type cooling die, and are respectively reduced by 78% and 96% compared with those of the straight hole type cooling die. In a die-casting experiment, the cooling time and the product warping of the shape-following cooling bent-hole cooling die are respectively reduced by 44.1% and 27.6% compared with the cooling time and the product warping of a traditional straight-hole cooling die, while the cooling time and the product warping of the pith-shaped cooling die are respectively reduced by 61.5% and 85.7% compared with the cooling time and the product warping of the bent-hole cooling die, and are respectively reduced by 78.5% and 89.7% compared with the cooling time and the product warping of the straight-hole cooling die. The implementation process and the effect show that the traditional cooling method of the straight hole type or the curved hole type of the conformal cooling can only arrange the cooling flow channel in a local area, the cooling effect is good at the place close to the cooling flow channel, the temperature is low, the cooling effect is not good (namely, a cooling blind area exists) at the place far away from the cooling flow channel, the temperature is high, the product quality is not high (such as warping deformation, poor consistency, poor surface quality and the like) caused by uneven temperature, the production efficiency is low, the service life of the die is short, the product structure is more complex, and the problem is more prominent.
The marrow-shaped cooling provided by the invention abandons the linear and curve flow channel design and application technology thinking, so that the marrow-shaped structure is distributed over the whole working position area to be cooled, no cooling blind area exists, and the problem of cooling uniformity is fundamentally solved. Other additional technologies and structures are not needed for the marrow-shaped cooling, the cooling oil can naturally form turbulent flow when flowing through the marrow-shaped structure, the heat exchange efficiency is high, and the cost is low; the marrow-shaped structure is distributed over the working position area, the cooling medium can take away the heat in time, and the cooling efficiency is high; the pith-shaped structure is connected with the working part, the heat of the working part reaches the pith-shaped structure through heat conduction, and the cooling medium is arranged around the pith-shaped structure, so that the heat can be taken away instantly, the cooling efficiency is high, and the pith-shaped cooling can fundamentally solve the problem of the cooling efficiency. The marrow-shaped cooling enables the working position of the die to be cooled quickly and uniformly, the surface quality of the product is high, the warping deformation is avoided, the product consistency is good, and the product quality problem is solved fundamentally. The cooling medium can reach any position of the working part, so that the temperature of the working part of the die is uniformly distributed, no thermal stress exists in the die, and the service life of the die is prolonged. The linear type cooling flow channel and the curved type cooling flow channel form cavities inside the die, the more the flow channels are dense, the more the cavities are, the larger the flow channels are, the larger the cavities are, and the lower the die strength is, and the pith-shaped structures are connected with each other, so that the cooling medium can reach all areas needing cooling without blind areas, the die strength is guaranteed, and the advantages of light weight and high strength of the bone bionics are fully shown. When the marrow-shaped cooling die is used, the circulating cooling medium which is subjected to filtering treatment is used for avoiding pollution and blockage, and complex special coating or structure change treatment is not needed, so that the marrow-shaped cooling die is simple and easy to implement, low in cost, good in effect and wide in application prospect.
TABLE 1 comparison of the parameters of the examples
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The marrow-shaped cooling die is characterized by comprising a die body and a marrow-shaped structure (4) arranged in an inner cavity of the die body, wherein the die body comprises a die working surface (3), a cooling medium inlet (1) and a cooling medium outlet (2) which are arranged on the side surface of the die body, and the cooling medium inlet (1) and the cooling medium outlet (2) are respectively communicated with a cooling medium flowing marrow gap (5) in the marrow-shaped structure (4); the marrow-shaped structure (4) is formed by 3D printing;
the marrow-shaped structure (4) consists of array unit bodies, and the shape of the array unit bodies is cross-shaped, diamond-shaped, X-shaped or m-shaped and the combination of two or more of the cross-shaped, diamond-shaped, X-shaped or m-shaped; the unit bodies are mutually connected to form a marrow-shaped cooling medium flowing marrow gap, and play a role in supporting and enhancing simultaneously, the cooling medium can flow through the marrow gap to form turbulence, heat exchange is efficiently completed, heat of a working part of the die is taken away, and the surface of the working part of the die is rapidly and uniformly cooled;
the distance between the surface (3) of the working part of the die and the marrow-shaped structure (4) is 2 to 12mm.
2. A method of forming the cooling mold of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s10: the method comprises the following steps of (1) setting a marrow-shaped structure inside a working part of a mold to be cooled by imitating a human skeleton and marrow structure, establishing a three-dimensional data model of the marrow-shaped cooling mold, and controlling the cooling speed by adjusting the distance between the surface of the working part of the mold and the marrow-shaped structure and the flow rate of a cooling medium, wherein the marrow-shaped structure consists of arrayed unit bodies which are mutually connected to form a marrow-shaped cooling medium flowing marrow gap and play roles of supporting and enhancing simultaneously, the cooling medium can flow through the marrow gap to form turbulence, so that heat exchange is efficiently completed and the heat of the working part of the mold is taken away, and the surface of the working part of the mold is rapidly and uniformly cooled;
s20: printing the three-dimensional data model by adopting a metal 3D printing technology, reserving machining allowance on the surface of a mold during printing, removing the internal stress of the mold through heat treatment after printing, and simultaneously improving the hardness of the mold;
s30: and according to the surface quality requirement of the working part of the mold, removing the allowance on the surface of the mold through machining and polishing to obtain the required pith-shaped cooling mold.
3. The forming method according to claim 2, wherein in step S10, the cooling medium includes water, oil, gas.
4. The method of forming as claimed in claim 3, wherein said cooling medium is cooling oil.
5. The forming method of claim 2, wherein in step S20, the metal 3D printing technique includes a selective laser melting technique, an electron beam melting technique, an ion beam melting technique, and a laser cladding forming technique.
6. The forming method of claim 2, wherein in step S20, the heat treatment process is established according to a mold material, the mold hardness after heat treatment reaches 50 to 60hrc, the mold material is 18Ni300 mold steel, the heat treatment method is that the mold is kept at 490 ℃ for 6 hours, and then furnace cooling is performed, and the mold hardness reaches 55HRC.
7. The forming method of claim 2, wherein the machining method of removing the allowance of the mold surface in the step S30 is CNC machining.
8. Use of the cooling mold according to claim 1 in the injection molding, casting, stamping industry.
9. Use of a method of forming a cooling mold of the pith shape according to any one of claims 2 to 7 in the injection molding, casting, stamping industry.
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