CN112845039B - Efficient coal gangue sorting method based on microwave radiation - Google Patents
Efficient coal gangue sorting method based on microwave radiation Download PDFInfo
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- CN112845039B CN112845039B CN202011518450.1A CN202011518450A CN112845039B CN 112845039 B CN112845039 B CN 112845039B CN 202011518450 A CN202011518450 A CN 202011518450A CN 112845039 B CN112845039 B CN 112845039B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/28—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/02—Measures preceding sorting, e.g. arranging articles in a stream orientating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
- B07C5/363—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air
- B07C5/365—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a single separation means
- B07C5/366—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a single separation means during free fall of the articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
- B07C5/38—Collecting or arranging articles in groups
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B2201/00—Details applicable to machines for screening using sieves or gratings
- B07B2201/04—Multiple deck screening devices comprising one or more superimposed screens
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- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
- Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
Abstract
A high-efficiency coal and gangue sorting method based on microwave radiation utilizes an upper vibrating screen and a lower vibrating screen which are arranged at intervals up and down to sort coal and gangue according to the granularity; leading the screened raw coal into a single-layer material distributor through a material sliding plate for distribution, so that the raw coal forms a plurality of coal belts on a belt conveyor; the method comprises the following steps of heating raw coal by using a microwave heating device, acquiring temperature change data of the raw coal by using a temperature sensor, acquiring image data of the raw coal in real time by using a camera, identifying coal and gangue by using an industrial computer according to temperature change, identifying foreign matters by using edge characteristics, and sending an identification result to a PLC (programmable logic controller); the PLC controls the corresponding sorting actuating mechanism to act so as to separate coal, gangue and foreign matters. The method can realize the separation of coal and gangue and the classification of clean coal quickly and efficiently, can effectively reduce various impurities in the raw coal, reduce the content of ash and sulfur in the raw coal, improve the quality and the utilization rate of the coal, and reduce the operation cost of enterprises.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal gangue sorting, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency coal gangue sorting method based on microwave radiation.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the mechanization degree of the fully mechanized coal mining face, the content of gangue in the collected raw coal is also continuously increased. In addition, in the coal mining process, other foreign matters such as screws are mixed due to damage of mechanical equipment parts, so that the utilization rate of coal is reduced, and meanwhile, the pollution to the environment is increased. Therefore, the coal gangue sorting link becomes an indispensable important step in the coal mining process. At present, the existing coal gangue screening methods in China mainly comprise wet coal dressing and dry coal dressing. The dry coal dressing is carried out in the air, and the wet coal dressing utilizes water as a medium to carry out coal gangue dressing. Because coal mines in China mostly exist in the areas of the middle and the west, the problem of water resource shortage is serious, and the problems of large waste of water resources and limitation of seasons caused by wet coal dressing are obvious, the application of wet coal dressing is limited to a certain extent.
In the prior art, neither wet method coal dressing nor dry method coal dressing can realize the gangue sorting and clean coal grading quickly and efficiently, and meanwhile, the automatic sorting efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the method for efficiently sorting the coal and the gangue based on the microwave radiation, which is beneficial to improving the automation of sorting the raw coal and can quickly and efficiently realize the sorting of the coal and the gangue and the grading of clean coal; the method can also effectively reduce various impurities in the raw coal, reduce the ash and sulfur content in the raw coal, improve the quality and the utilization rate of the coal and reduce the operation cost of enterprises.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a high-efficiency coal and gangue sorting method based on microwave radiation, which comprises a high-efficiency coal and gangue sorting system, wherein the high-efficiency coal and gangue sorting system comprises a coal and gangue primary sorting mechanism, a first coal and gangue identification mechanism, a first single-layer material distributor, a plurality of first sorting execution mechanisms, a second coal and gangue identification mechanism, a second single-layer material distributor, a plurality of second sorting execution mechanisms, a data acquisition card, an industrial computer and a PLC (programmable logic controller); the primary coal gangue selecting mechanism comprises a frame, an upper vibrating screen, a lower vibrating screen, a blanking buffer unit B, an aggregate hopper and an aggregate box; the upper vibrating screen is obliquely arranged at the top of the frame in a left-high and right-low manner; the lower vibrating screen is positioned below the upper vibrating screen, the screen hole of the lower vibrating screen is smaller than that of the upper vibrating screen, and the lower left vibrating screen and the higher right vibrating screen are obliquely arranged in the middle of the rack; the blanking buffer unit B is arranged between the upper vibrating screen and the lower vibrating screen and consists of a plurality of elastic ropes which are transversely arranged, the lengths of the elastic ropes extend in the front-rear direction, and the front end and the rear end of each elastic rope are connected with the frame; the aggregate funnel is arranged below the lower vibrating screen and is fixedly connected to the lower part of the frame, and the feed inlet of the aggregate funnel is covered on the periphery outside the lower vibrating screen; the material collecting box is arranged below the material collecting hopper discharge port; the first coal and gangue identification mechanism is arranged on the left side of the rack and comprises a first belt conveyor, a first camera A, a first camera B, a first microwave heating device and a first temperature sensor; the left end and the right end of the first belt conveyor extend in the left-right direction and are respectively a discharging end and a feeding end, and a first support extending in the left-right direction is erected above the first belt conveyor; the first camera B and the first camera A are respectively arranged above the left part and the right part of the first belt conveyor and are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the first bracket; the first microwave heating device and the first temperature sensor are arranged above the middle part of the first belt conveyor at intervals, the first microwave heating device is arranged at the left position of the middle part of the first support, and the first temperature sensor is arranged at the right position of the middle part of the first support; the first single-layer material distributor is arranged above the right end of the first belt conveyor, a feed port of the first single-layer material distributor is connected with the left end of the lower vibrating screen through a first material sliding plate which is obliquely arranged from left to right, and a discharge port of the first single-layer material distributor is communicated with the surface of the first belt conveyor; the lower part of the first material sliding plate is provided with a plurality of first blanking grooves along the width direction, the first blanking grooves are of a structure with a small upper opening and a large lower opening, and the first blanking grooves are in smooth transition from the upper opening to the lower opening; the first single-layer distributing machine comprises a first machine shell, a first material guide roller, a first conveying belt and a plurality of first baffle plates; the feeding device comprises a first shell, a first material guide roller, a second shell, a second material guide roller, a first motor, a second motor and a second motor, wherein the upper part of the right end of the first shell is provided with a feeding hole, the lower part of the left end of the first shell is provided with a discharging hole, the first conveying belt is transversely arranged at the bottom of an inner cavity of the first shell and is driven by the first motor arranged outside the first shell, the first material guide roller is rotatably arranged at the feeding hole of the first shell, is positioned at the upper part of the first conveying belt and is driven by the second motor arranged outside the first shell; the surface of the first material guide roller is provided with a plurality of rows of first arc-shaped groove groups along the axial direction, and each row of first arc-shaped groove group consists of first arc-shaped grooves which are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction; the first baffle plates are arranged on the left side of the first material guide roller, are uniformly distributed along the width direction of the first conveying belt, are fixedly connected with a top plate of the first machine shell at the upper ends, and are in clearance fit with the bearing section of the first conveying belt at the lower ends; the first sorting actuating mechanisms are arranged below the left end of the first belt conveyor and are sequentially arranged along the width direction of the first belt conveyor, and each first sorting actuating mechanism comprises a first blowing straight cylinder, a first air cylinder, a second air cylinder, a first supporting column and a first supporting seat; the left end of the first blowing straight cylinder is of an open structure, and the right end of the first blowing straight cylinder is packaged with a first end plate; the upper part and the lower part of the first end plate are respectively provided with a first through hole A and a first through hole B; a first piston rod is arranged in the first cylinder, the length direction of the first cylinder is consistent with that of the first injection straight cylinder, the upper end of the cylinder barrel of the first cylinder is fixedly connected with a first guide sleeve, and a first rigid pipeline arranged in parallel with the first piston rod is connected in the first guide sleeve in a sliding manner; the left end of the first cylinder barrel is fixedly connected to the lower part of the right end of the first end plate, and the left end of the first rigid pipeline and the end of the first piston rod respectively penetrate into the first blowing straight barrel through the first through hole A and the first through hole B in a sliding manner and are fixedly connected with the right end of the first sliding block; the first sliding block is radially limited and axially and slidably arranged in the inner cavity of the first injection straight barrel, and a first spray gun axially arranged is fixedly inserted in the center of the left end of the first sliding block; the air outlet end of the first spray gun faces the open end of the first blowing straight cylinder, the air inlet end of the first spray gun is communicated with the left end of the first rigid pipeline through a first channel arranged in the first sliding block, and the right end of the first rigid pipeline is connected with a first air source through a hose A; the second cylinder and the first support column are both vertically arranged at the left part and the right part below the first injection straight cylinder, the base of the second cylinder and the lower end of the first support column are both fixedly connected to the upper end of the first support seat, and the piston rod end of the second cylinder and the upper end of the first support column are respectively hinged with the left part and the right part of the lower end of the first injection straight cylinder; the second coal and gangue identification mechanism is arranged on the right side of the rack and comprises a second belt conveyor, a second camera A, a second camera B, a second microwave heating device and a second temperature sensor; the left end and the right end of the second belt conveyor extend in the left-right direction and are respectively a discharging end and a feeding end, and a second support extending in the left-right direction is erected above the second belt conveyor; the second camera A and the second camera B are respectively arranged above the left part and the right part of the second belt conveyor and are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the second bracket; the second microwave heating device and the second temperature sensor are arranged above the middle part of the second belt conveyor at intervals, the second microwave heating device is arranged at the left position of the middle part of the second support, and the second temperature sensor is arranged at the right position of the middle part of the second support; the second single-layer distributing machine is arranged above the left end of the second belt conveyor, a feed port of the second single-layer distributing machine is connected with the right end of the upper vibrating screen through a second material sliding plate which is obliquely arranged from top to bottom, and a discharge port of the second single-layer distributing machine is communicated with the surface of the second belt conveyor; the lower part of the second material sliding plate is provided with a plurality of second blanking grooves along the width direction, the second blanking grooves are of a structure with a small upper opening and a large lower opening, and the second blanking grooves are in smooth transition from the upper opening to the lower opening; the second single-layer distributing machine comprises a second machine shell, a second material guide roller, a second conveying belt and a plurality of second baffle plates; the upper part of the left end of the second shell is provided with a feeding hole, the lower part of the right end of the second shell is provided with a discharging hole, the second conveying belt is transversely arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the second shell and is driven by a third motor arranged outside the second shell, and the second material guide roller is rotatably arranged at the feeding hole of the second shell, is positioned at the upper part of the second conveying belt and is driven by a fourth motor arranged outside the second shell; a plurality of rows of second arc-shaped groove groups are formed in the surface of the second material guide roller along the axial direction of the second material guide roller, and each row of second arc-shaped groove group consists of second arc-shaped grooves which are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction; the plurality of second baffles are arranged on the right side of the second guide roller, are uniformly distributed along the width direction of the second conveying belt, are fixedly connected with the top plate of the second machine shell at the upper ends, and are in clearance fit with the bearing section of the second conveying belt at the lower ends; the second sorting actuating mechanisms are arranged below the left end of the second belt conveyor and are sequentially arranged along the width direction of the first belt conveyor, and each second sorting actuating mechanism comprises a second blowing straight cylinder, a third cylinder, a fourth cylinder, a second supporting column and a second supporting seat; the left end of the second blowing straight cylinder is of an open structure, and the right end of the second blowing straight cylinder is packaged with a second end plate; the upper part and the lower part of the second end plate are respectively provided with a second through hole A and a second through hole B; a third piston rod is arranged in the third cylinder, the third cylinder and the second injection straight cylinder are consistent in length direction, the upper end of the cylinder barrel of the third cylinder is fixedly connected with a second guide sleeve, and a second rigid pipeline arranged in parallel with the third piston rod is connected in the second guide sleeve in a sliding manner; the left end of the third cylinder barrel is fixedly connected to the lower part of the right end of the second end plate, and the left end of the second rigid pipeline and the end of the third piston rod respectively penetrate into the second blowing straight barrel through the second through hole A and the second through hole B in a sliding manner and are fixedly connected with the right end of the second sliding block; the second sliding block is radially limited and axially and slidably arranged in the inner cavity of the second injection straight barrel, and a second spray gun axially arranged is fixedly inserted in the center of the left end of the second sliding block; the air outlet end of the second spray gun faces the open end of the second injection straight barrel, the air inlet end of the second spray gun is communicated with the left end of the second rigid pipeline through a second channel arranged in the second sliding block, and the right end of the second rigid pipeline is connected with a second air source through a hose B; the fourth cylinder and the second support column are vertically provided with a left part and a right part below the second injection straight cylinder, a base of the fourth cylinder and the lower end of the second support column are fixedly connected to the upper end of the second support seat, and a piston rod end of the fourth cylinder and the upper end of the second support column are respectively hinged with the left part and the right part of the lower end of the second injection straight cylinder; the industrial computer is electrically connected with the PLC controller, and is also electrically connected with the first camera A, the first camera B, the first temperature sensor, the second camera A, the second camera B and the second temperature sensor respectively through a data acquisition card, and the PLC controller is electrically connected with the first microwave heating device, the first electromagnetic directional valve A, the first electromagnetic directional valve B, the first electromagnetic valve C, the second microwave heating device, the second electromagnetic directional valve A, the second electromagnetic directional valve B and the second electromagnetic valve C respectively; the first electromagnetic directional valve A is connected with a first air cylinder air passage and is used for controlling the extension and contraction of a piston rod in the first air cylinder through a directional action; the first electromagnetic directional valve B is connected with the air passage of the second cylinder and is used for controlling the extension and retraction of a piston rod in the second cylinder through a directional action; the first electromagnetic valve C is connected in series with the hose A and is used for controlling the on-off of an air path between the first spray gun and the first air source; the second electromagnetic directional valve A is connected with the air passage of the third cylinder and is used for controlling the extension and retraction of a piston rod in the third cylinder through a directional action; the second electromagnetic directional valve B is connected with the air passage of the fourth cylinder and is used for controlling the extension and contraction of a piston rod in the fourth cylinder through a directional action; the second electromagnetic valve C is connected in series with the hose B and is used for controlling the on-off of the air path between the second spray gun and the second air source;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: controlling the upper vibrating screen and the lower vibrating screen to be started, continuously adding raw coal to be sorted to the feeding end of the upper vibrating screen, screening out large-particle raw coal by using the upper vibrating screen and discharging the large-particle raw coal through the discharging end of the upper vibrating screen, screening out small-particle raw coal by using the lower vibrating screen and discharging the small-particle raw coal through the discharging end of the lower vibrating screen, and simultaneously removing fine-grained coal particles by using the screen holes of the lower vibrating screen and guiding the fine-grained coal particles into a collecting box through a collecting hopper;
step two: carrying out single-layer material distribution on the small-particle raw coal screened by the lower vibrating screen through a first single-layer material distributor, forming a plurality of coal belts on a first belt conveyor, and meanwhile, arranging adjacent particles on each coal belt at intervals to provide a foundation for accurate identification of coal gangue; then uniformly conveying the raw coal by a first belt conveyor;
carrying out single-layer material distribution on the large-particle raw coal screened by the vibrating screen through a second single-layer material distributor, forming a plurality of coal belts on a second belt conveyor, and meanwhile, arranging adjacent particles on each coal belt at intervals to provide a foundation for accurate identification of the coal gangue; then uniformly conveying the raw coal by a second belt conveyor;
step three: in the conveying process of a first belt conveyor, performing radiant heating on coal and gangue through a first microwave heating device, acquiring surface temperature signals of the coal and the gangue in each coal belt before and after radiation by using a first temperature sensor, acquiring image data of raw coal in real time by using a first camera A and a first camera B, identifying the coal and the gangue in each coal belt by using an industrial computer according to different temperature change intervals of the coal and the gangue, identifying impurity foreign matters containing non-gangue in each coal belt according to different edge characteristics of the coal and the foreign matters, determining time data of the coal, the gangue and the foreign matters in each coal belt leaving a discharge end of the first belt conveyor according to the running speed of the first belt conveyor, and transmitting the determined time data to a PLC (programmable logic controller) in real time;
in the conveying process of a second belt conveyor, the coal and the gangue are subjected to radiant heating through a second microwave heating device, a second temperature sensor is used for collecting surface temperature signals of the coal and the gangue in each coal belt before and after radiation, a second camera A and a second camera B are used for collecting image data of raw coal in real time, an industrial computer identifies the coal and the gangue in each coal belt according to different temperature change intervals of the coal and the gangue, impurity foreign bodies containing non-gangue in each coal belt are identified according to different edge characteristics of the coal and the foreign bodies, time data of the coal, the gangue and the foreign bodies in each coal belt leaving a discharge end of the second belt conveyor are determined according to the running speed of the second belt conveyor, and the determined time data are sent to a PLC in real time;
the PLC controls a first sorting executing mechanism under the corresponding coal belt to execute different actions according to different time data of the coal, the gangue and the foreign matters in each coal belt leaving the discharge end of the first belt conveyor; when clean coal leaves the discharge end of the first belt conveyor, the first sorting executing mechanism is controlled not to act, so that the clean coal falls into the first clean coal collecting barrel through falling motion, when gangue leaves the discharge end of the first belt conveyor, a first electromagnetic valve C in the first sorting executing mechanism is controlled to be opened, meanwhile, the first air cylinder and a second air cylinder are guaranteed not to act, when the first air cylinder and the second air cylinder do not act, a first sliding block is positioned at the closed end of a first blowing straight barrel, the first blowing straight barrel is kept in a horizontal state, after the first electromagnetic valve C is opened, a first spray gun instantly sprays high-pressure gas, and the gangue is blown into a first gangue collecting barrel positioned on the left side of the first clean coal collecting barrel; when foreign matters leave the discharge end of the first belt conveyor, the first sorting executing mechanism is controlled to act, a first electromagnetic valve C in the first sorting executing mechanism is controlled to be opened, the action set time of a first electromagnetic directional valve A is controlled to enable a piston rod of a first air cylinder to fully extend out, a first sliding block is pushed to the position closest to the opening end of a first blowing straight cylinder, the action set time of a first electromagnetic directional valve B is controlled to enable the piston rod of a second air cylinder to rise to a set height, the opening end of the first blowing straight cylinder is upwards inclined by a certain angle, a first spray gun instantly sprays high-pressure gas after the first electromagnetic valve C is opened, and the foreign matters are blown into a first foreign matter collecting barrel on the left side of a first gangue collecting barrel;
the PLC controls a second sorting executing mechanism below the corresponding coal belt to execute different actions according to different time data of the coal, the gangue and the foreign matters in each coal belt leaving the discharge end of the second belt conveyor; when the clean coal leaves the discharge end of the second belt conveyor, the second separation executing mechanism is controlled to be inactive, so that the clean coal falls into a second clean coal collecting barrel through falling motion, when the gangue leaves the discharge end of the second belt conveyor, a second electromagnetic valve C in the second separation executing mechanism is controlled to be opened, meanwhile, a third air cylinder and a fourth air cylinder are ensured to be inactive, when the third air cylinder and the fourth air cylinder are inactive, a second sliding block is positioned at the closed end of a second blowing straight barrel, the second blowing straight barrel is kept in a horizontal state, after the second electromagnetic valve C is opened, a second spray gun instantly sprays high-pressure gas, and the gangue is blown into a second gangue collecting barrel positioned on the right side of the second clean coal collecting barrel; when the foreign matters leave the discharge end of the second belt conveyor, the second sorting executing mechanism is controlled to act, a second electromagnetic valve C in the second sorting executing mechanism is controlled to be opened, the action set time of a second electromagnetic directional valve A is controlled, so that a piston rod of a third cylinder completely extends out, a second sliding block is pushed to the position closest to the open end of a second blowing straight cylinder, the action set time of a second electromagnetic directional valve B is controlled, the piston rod of a fourth cylinder rises to set the height, the open end of the second blowing straight cylinder is upwards inclined by a certain angle, a second spray gun instantly sprays high-pressure gas inclined by a certain angle after the second electromagnetic valve C is opened, and the foreign matters are blown into a second foreign matter collecting barrel positioned on the right side of the second gangue collecting barrel.
Further, in order to conveniently realize the charging process, in the step one, raw coal to be sorted is continuously added to the feeding end of the upper vibrating screen through a feeding hopper fixedly connected to the top end of the rack.
Further, in order to ensure the identification precision, in the second step, the first belt conveyor and the second belt conveyor convey raw coal at a constant speed.
Further, in order to improve the accuracy of identification, in step three, the industrial computer identifies the non-gangue foreign matters by using the binocular vision principle.
Preferably, in the step one, the height of the falling raw coal is limited by a rigid baffle plate arranged above the upper vibrating screen, so that the situation that the screening effect is influenced by excessive accumulation of the raw coal on the surface of a screen plate of the upper vibrating screen is prevented; the upper end of the rigid material baffle is fixedly connected with the frame, and the lower end of the rigid material baffle and the surface of the screen plate of the upper vibrating screen form a blanking channel.
Preferably, in the step one, the falling time of the raw coal on the surface of the sieve plate is slowed down through a blanking buffer unit A arranged above the upper vibrating screen, so that the screening effect is further improved; wherein, unloading buffer unit A comprises last striker plate and the rubber soft board of connection at last striker plate lower extreme that is located upper portion, and unloading buffer unit A vertical setting is in the top at last shale shaker middle part, and is located the right side of rigidity striker plate, and the upper end and the frame fixed connection of going up the striker plate, shale shaker upper surface clearance fit on the lower extreme of rubber soft board.
Further, in order to improve the degree of automation, the PLC controller is further connected with the first belt conveyor, the first single-layer material distributor, the second belt conveyor, the second single-layer material distributor, the upper vibrating screen and the lower vibrating screen, respectively.
Further, in order to have longer service life on the basis of ensuring good buffering effect, the elastic rope is made of high-strength terylene, and in the first step, raw coal falling to the surface of the lower vibrating screen through the upper vibrating screen is buffered through the elastic rope so as to prevent the situation of excessive crushing in the falling process.
In the invention, the vibrating screen is placed in an inclined state, and then the vibrating screen provides certain vibration to the screen plate through the vibration of the vibrating screen, so that the screening effect of coal particles with different grades can be better controlled, and the coal particles can be prevented from being crushed excessively. The vibrating screen is placed obliquely downwards, so that coal particles can roll downwards along the screen surface of the oblique screen plate when thrown up and fall under the vibration effect, the screening effect is better realized in the rolling process, and finally the coal particles enter the single-layer material distributor on the next layer through the tail end of the screen plate. The discharge ends of the two vibrating screens are positioned at different positions, so that synchronous separation operation of raw coal with different particles is conveniently realized; through the arrangement of the rigid material baffle plate, the raw coal can be prevented from being excessively accumulated on the surface of the screen plate of the upper vibrating screen, so that the screening effect is improved conveniently; through the arrangement of the blanking buffer unit B, the situation of transitional crushing caused by collision of coal particles in the lower casting process can be further prevented; the upper vibrating screen and the lower vibrating screen which are arranged at intervals can realize three-stage screening of raw coal, and the screened raw coal with two different grades of particle sizes respectively passes through the right end of the upper vibrating screen and the left end of the lower vibrating screenDischarging, and respectively entering a first single-layer material distributor and a second single-layer material distributor to perform single-layer arrangement; the third-stage fine-degree coal can be discharged into the aggregate box through the aggregate funnel to be removed. First individual layer cloth machine and second individual layer cloth machine can carry out the individual layer cloth to the raw coal that lower shale shaker and last shale shaker elected respectively and arrange, and then can make the raw coal get into band conveyer with align to grid's mode, have guaranteed that the raw coal can more effectual quilt discernment in transportation process, simultaneously, the heating operation of the raw coal of also being convenient for that also can be better. Through the arrangement of the first microwave heating device and the second microwave heating device, coal and gangue arranged in a single layer can be better radiated by microwaves, the surface temperatures of the coal and the gangue can be changed differently after the coal and the gangue are radiated, the surface temperature data of the coal and the gangue before and after radiation are measured by using the temperature sensors, meanwhile, two cameras with certain distances acquire the image data of raw coal in real time, and the temperature data and the image data pass through the data acquisition card
The conversion is followed the transmission and is given industrial computer, can be convenient for industrial computer according to the coal, the coal is distinguished to the difference of the respective temperature variation interval of gangue and foreign matter, simultaneously, be convenient for industrial computer utilizes the binocular vision principle according to the different impurity foreign matters that contain non-gangue class in the different discernment raw coal of coal and foreign matter edge characteristic, and then industrial computer can combine temperature data and image data to carry out the discernment of coal, gangue and foreign matter according to the algorithm of predesigned, can accurate efficient discernment coal, the position of gangue and foreign matter. The industrial computer sends the discernment result data to the PLC controller after the discernment finishes, and the PLC controller utilizes a plurality of sorting actuating mechanism that distribute at the band conveyer discharge end to carry out the separation operation, can realize the automation that coal, waste rock and foreign matter were selected separately, very big reduction the operation cost of enterprise to improve the utilization ratio of raw coal, reduced the pollution that produces the environment.
According to the method, the microwave heating device is adopted to heat coal, gangue and foreign matters, the temperature sensor is utilized to measure the temperature of the radiated raw coal, and meanwhile, the image data is combined to identify the edge characteristics of the raw coal, so that the positions of the coal and the gangue can be accurately and efficiently identified. And finally, the separation work is completed by utilizing a plurality of separation executing mechanisms distributed at the tail end of the conveying belt, so that the automation of coal and gangue separation can be effectively realized, the operation cost of enterprises is reduced, the utilization rate of coal mines is improved, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the sorting process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the first sorting actuator according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a second sorting actuator according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a first single-deck cloth machine of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a second single-deck cloth machine of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 9;
FIG. 12 is a functional block diagram of the circuit control portion of the system of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a coal and gangue primary selecting mechanism, 2, a first coal and gangue identifying mechanism, 3, a first single-layer material distributing machine, 4, a first sorting actuating mechanism, 5, a second coal and gangue identifying mechanism, 6, a second single-layer material distributing machine, 7, a second sorting actuating mechanism, 8, a frame, 9, an upper vibrating screen, 10, a rigid baffle plate, 11, a blanking buffering unit A, 12, a lower vibrating screen, 13, a blanking buffering unit B, 14, a material collecting hopper, 15, a material collecting box, 16, an upper baffle plate, 17, a rubber soft plate, 18, a first belt conveyor, 19, a first camera A, 20, a first camera B, 21, a first microwave heating device, 22, a first temperature sensor, 23, a first bracket, 24, a first injection straight cylinder, 25, a first air cylinder, 26, a second air cylinder, 27, a first supporting column, 28, a first supporting seat, 29, a first end plate, 30 and a first guide sleeve, 31. a blanking channel, 32, a stretch cord, 33, first through holes A, 34, first through holes B, 35, first sliding blocks, 36, a first rigid pipeline, 37, first spray guns, 38, a first channel, 39, a second belt conveyor, 40, second cameras A, 41, second cameras B, 42, a second microwave heating device, 43, a second temperature sensor, 44, a second bracket, 45, a second injection straight cylinder, 46, a third cylinder, 47, a fourth cylinder, 48, a second support column, 49, a second support seat, 50, a second end plate, 51, a second through hole A, 52, a second through hole B, 53, a second guide sleeve, 54, a second rigid pipeline, 55, a second sliding block, 56, a second spray gun, 57, a second channel, 58, a feeding hopper, 59, a first foreign matter collecting barrel, 60, a first gangue collecting barrel, 61, a first clean coal collecting barrel, 62, a second clean coal collecting barrel, 63. the second gangue collecting barrel 64, the second foreign matter collecting barrel 65, the first material sliding plate 66, the second material sliding plate 67, the first blanking groove 68, the first casing 69, the first conveyor belt 70, the first material guide roller 71, the first baffle plate 72, the first arc-shaped groove 73, the second blanking groove 74, the second casing 75, the second conveyor belt 76, the second material guide roller 77, the second baffle plate 78 and the second arc-shaped groove.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 3 to 12, a method for efficiently sorting coal and gangue based on microwave radiation includes a system for efficiently sorting coal and gangue, wherein the system for efficiently sorting coal and gangue includes a primary sorting mechanism 1 for coal and gangue, a first identification mechanism 2 for coal and gangue, a first single-layer material distributor 3, a plurality of first sorting actuators 4, a second identification mechanism 5 for coal and gangue, a second single-layer material distributor 6, a plurality of second sorting actuators 7, a data acquisition card, an industrial computer and a PLC controller; the primary coal gangue selecting mechanism 1 comprises a frame 8, an upper vibrating screen 9, a lower vibrating screen 12, a blanking buffer unit B13, a collecting hopper 14 and a collecting box 15; the upper vibrating screen 9 is obliquely arranged on the top of the frame 8 in a manner of being high at the left and low at the right; the lower vibrating screen 12 is positioned below the upper vibrating screen 9, the screen hole of the lower vibrating screen 12 is smaller than that of the upper vibrating screen 9, and the lower left part and the higher right part are obliquely arranged in the middle of the frame 8; the blanking buffer unit B13 is arranged between the upper vibrating screen 9 and the lower vibrating screen 12, the blanking buffer unit B13 is composed of a plurality of elastic ropes 32 which are transversely arranged, the lengths of the elastic ropes 32 extend in the front-back direction, and the front end and the rear end of each elastic rope are connected with the frame 8; the aggregate funnel 14 is arranged below the lower vibrating screen 12 and is fixedly connected to the lower part of the frame 8, and the feed inlet of the aggregate funnel is covered on the periphery outside the lower vibrating screen 12; the material collecting box 15 is arranged below a discharge hole of the material collecting hopper 14; the first coal and gangue identification mechanism 2 is arranged on the left side of the rack 8, and the first coal and gangue identification mechanism 2 comprises a first belt conveyor 18, a first camera A19, a first camera B20, a first microwave heating device 21 and a first temperature sensor 22; the left end and the right end of the first belt conveyor 18 extend in the left-right direction and are respectively a discharging end and a feeding end, and a first support 23 extending in the left-right direction is erected above the first belt conveyor; the first camera B20 and the first camera A19 are respectively arranged above the left part and the right part of the first belt conveyor 18 and are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the first bracket 23; the first microwave heating device 21 and the first temperature sensor 22 are arranged above the middle part of the first belt conveyor 18 at intervals, the first microwave heating device 21 is arranged at the left position of the middle part of the first support 23, and the first temperature sensor 22 is arranged at the right position of the middle part of the first support 23; the first single-layer material distributor 3 is arranged above the right end of the first belt conveyor 18, a feed inlet of the first single-layer material distributor 3 is connected with the left end of the lower vibrating screen 12 through a first material sliding plate 65 which is obliquely arranged from left to right, and a discharge outlet of the first single-layer material distributor 3 is communicated with the surface of the first belt conveyor 18; a plurality of first blanking grooves 67 are formed in the lower portion of the first material sliding plate 65 along the width direction of the first material sliding plate, the first blanking grooves 67 are of a structure with a small upper opening and a large lower opening, and the upper opening and the lower opening are in smooth transition; the first single-layer distributing machine 3 comprises a first machine shell 68, a first material guide roller 70, a first conveying belt 69 and a plurality of first baffle plates 71; the upper part of the right end of the first machine shell 68 is provided with a feeding hole, the lower part of the left end is provided with a discharging hole, the first conveying belt 69 is transversely arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the first machine shell 68 and is driven by a first motor arranged outside the first machine shell 68, and the first material guide roller 70 is rotatably arranged at the feeding hole of the first machine shell 68, is positioned at the upper part of the first conveying belt 69 and is driven by a second motor arranged outside the first machine shell 68; a plurality of rows of first arc-shaped groove groups are formed on the surface of the first material guide roller 70 along the axial direction of the first material guide roller, and each row of first arc-shaped groove groups consists of first arc-shaped grooves 72 which are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction; the first baffle plates 71 are arranged on the left side of the first material guide roller 70, are uniformly distributed along the width direction of the first conveying belt 69, are fixedly connected with the top plate of the first housing 68 at the upper ends, and are in clearance fit with the bearing section of the first conveying belt 69 at the lower ends; the first sorting actuating mechanisms 4 are arranged below the left end of the first belt conveyor 18 and are sequentially arranged along the width direction of the first belt conveyor 18, and each first sorting actuating mechanism comprises a first blowing straight cylinder 24, a first air cylinder 25, a second air cylinder 26, a first supporting column 27 and a first supporting seat 28; the left end of the first blowing straight cylinder 24 is of an open structure, and the right end of the first blowing straight cylinder is packaged with a first end plate 29; the upper part and the lower part of the first end plate 29 are respectively provided with a first through hole A33 and a first through hole B34; a first piston rod is arranged in the first cylinder 25, the length directions of the first cylinder 25 and the first blowing straight cylinder 24 are consistent, the upper end of the cylinder barrel is fixedly connected with a first guide sleeve 30, and a first rigid pipeline 36 arranged in parallel with the first piston rod is connected in the first guide sleeve 30 in a sliding manner; the left end of the cylinder barrel of the first cylinder 25 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the right end of the first end plate 29, and the left end of the first rigid pipeline 36 and the end of the first piston rod respectively penetrate into the first blowing straight barrel 24 through the first through hole A33 and the first through hole B34 in a sliding manner and are fixedly connected with the right end of the first slide block 35; the first slide block 35 is radially limited and axially and slidably arranged in the inner cavity of the first blowing straight barrel 24, and a first spray gun 37 axially arranged is fixedly inserted in the center of the left end of the first slide block; the air outlet end of the first spray gun 37 faces the open end of the first blowing straight barrel 24, the air inlet end of the first spray gun 37 is communicated with the left end of the first rigid pipeline 36 through a first channel 38 arranged inside the first sliding block 35, and the right end of the first rigid pipeline 36 is connected with a first air source through a hose A; the second cylinder 26 and the first support column 27 are both vertically arranged at the left part and the right part below the first blowing straight cylinder 24, the base of the second cylinder 26 and the lower end of the first support column 27 are both fixedly connected at the upper end of the first support seat 28, and the piston rod end of the second cylinder 26 and the upper end of the first support column 27 are respectively hinged with the left part and the right part at the lower end of the first blowing straight cylinder 24; the second coal and gangue identification mechanism 5 is arranged on the right side of the rack 8, and the second coal and gangue identification mechanism 5 comprises a second belt conveyor 39, a second camera A40, a second camera B41, a second microwave heating device 42 and a second temperature sensor 43; the second belt conveyor 39 extends in the left-right direction, the left end and the right end of the second belt conveyor are respectively a discharging end and a feeding end, and a second support 44 extending in the left-right direction is erected above the second belt conveyor 39; the second camera a40 and the second camera B41 are respectively arranged above the left part and the right part of the second belt conveyor 39 and are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the second bracket 44; the second microwave heating device 42 and the second temperature sensor 43 are arranged above the middle part of the second belt conveyor 39 at intervals, the second microwave heating device 42 is arranged at the left position of the middle part of the second bracket 44, and the second temperature sensor 43 is arranged at the right position of the middle part of the second bracket 44; the second single-layer distributing machine 6 is arranged above the left end of the second belt conveyor 39, a feed port of the second single-layer distributing machine 6 is connected with the right end of the upper vibrating screen 9 through a second material sliding plate 66 which is obliquely arranged from top to bottom, and a discharge port of the second single-layer distributing machine 6 is communicated with the surface of the second belt conveyor 39; a plurality of second blanking grooves 73 are formed in the lower portion of the second material sliding plate 66 along the width direction of the second material sliding plate, the second blanking grooves 73 are of a structure with a small upper end opening and a large lower end opening, and the second blanking grooves 73 are in smooth transition from the upper end opening to the lower end opening; the second single-layer distributor 6 comprises a second machine shell 74, a second material guide roller 76, a second conveyor belt 75 and a plurality of second baffles 77; the upper part of the left end of the second machine shell 74 is provided with a feeding hole, the lower part of the right end of the second machine shell 74 is provided with a discharging hole, the second conveyor belt 75 is transversely arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the second machine shell 74 and is driven by a third motor arranged outside the second machine shell 74, and the second guide roller 76 is rotatably arranged at the feeding hole of the second machine shell 74, is positioned at the upper part of the second conveyor belt 75 and is driven by a fourth motor arranged outside the second machine shell 74; a plurality of rows of second arc-shaped groove groups are formed on the surface of the second material guide roller 76 along the axial direction of the second material guide roller, and each row of second arc-shaped groove group consists of second arc-shaped grooves 78 which are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction; a plurality of second baffles 77 are arranged on the right side of the second guide roller 76, are uniformly distributed along the width direction of the second conveyor belt 75, are fixedly connected with the top plate of the second machine shell 74 at the upper ends, and are in clearance fit with the bearing section of the second conveyor belt 75 at the lower ends; the second sorting actuating mechanisms 7 are arranged below the left end of the second belt conveyor 39 and are sequentially arranged along the width direction of the first belt conveyor 18, and each second sorting actuating mechanism comprises a second blowing straight cylinder 45, a third air cylinder 46, a fourth air cylinder 47, a second supporting column 48 and a second supporting seat 49; the left end of the second blowing straight cylinder 45 is of an open structure, and the right end of the second blowing straight cylinder is packaged with a second end plate 50; the upper part and the lower part of the second end plate 50 are respectively provided with a second through hole A51 and a second through hole B52; a third piston rod is arranged in the third cylinder 46, the third cylinder 46 and the second blowing straight cylinder 45 are consistent in length direction, the upper end of the cylinder barrel is fixedly connected with a second guide sleeve 53, and a second rigid pipeline 54 parallel to the third piston rod is connected in the second guide sleeve 53 in a sliding manner; the left end of the cylinder barrel of the third cylinder 46 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the right end of the second end plate 50, and the left end of the second rigid pipeline 54 and the end of the third piston rod respectively penetrate into the second blowing straight barrel 45 through the second through hole A51 and the second through hole B52 in a sliding manner and are fixedly connected with the right end of the second slider 55; the second slide block 55 is radially limited and axially slidably arranged in the inner cavity of the second blowing straight barrel 45, and a second spray gun 56 axially arranged is fixedly inserted in the center of the left end of the second slide block; the air outlet end of the second spray gun 56 faces the open end of the second blowing straight barrel 45, the air inlet end of the second spray gun 56 is communicated with the left end of the second rigid pipeline 54 through a second channel 57 arranged in the second sliding block 55, and the right end of the second rigid pipeline 54 is connected with a second air source through a hose B; the fourth cylinder 47 and the second support column 48 are both vertically provided with the left part and the right part below the second blowing straight cylinder 45, the base of the fourth cylinder 47 and the lower end of the second support column 48 are both fixedly connected to the upper end of the second support seat 49, and the piston rod end of the fourth cylinder 47 and the upper end of the second support column 48 are respectively hinged with the left part and the right part of the lower end of the second blowing straight cylinder 45; the industrial computer is electrically connected with the PLC controller, and is also electrically connected with the first camera A19, the first camera B20, the first temperature sensor 22, the second camera A40, the second camera B41 and the second temperature sensor 43 respectively through a data acquisition card, and the PLC controller is electrically connected with the first microwave heating device 21, the first electromagnetic reversing valve A, the first electromagnetic reversing valve B, the first electromagnetic valve C, the second microwave heating device 42, the second electromagnetic reversing valve A, the second electromagnetic reversing valve B and the second electromagnetic valve C respectively; the first electromagnetic directional valve A is connected with the first air cylinder 25 through an air path and used for controlling the extension and contraction of a piston rod in the first air cylinder 25 through a directional action; the first electromagnetic directional valve B is connected with the second cylinder 26 through a gas circuit and used for controlling the extension and retraction of a piston rod in the second cylinder 26 through a directional action; the first electromagnetic valve C is connected in series with the hose A and is used for controlling the on-off of an air path between the first spray gun 37 and the first air source; the second electromagnetic directional valve A is in gas circuit connection with the third cylinder 46 and is used for controlling the extension and retraction of a piston rod in the third cylinder 46 through a directional action; the second electromagnetic directional valve B is connected with the fourth cylinder 47 through a gas circuit and is used for controlling the extension and contraction of a piston rod in the fourth cylinder 47 through a directional action; the second electromagnetic valve C is connected in series with the hose B and is used for controlling the on-off of the air path between the second spray gun 56 and the second air source; wherein, the first microwave heating device 21 is preferably a microwave emitter, and the first temperature sensor 22 is preferably an infrared thermometer; the second microwave heating means 42 is preferably a microwave emitter and the second temperature sensor 43 is preferably an infrared thermometer.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the sorting method specifically includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: controlling the upper vibrating screen 9 and the lower vibrating screen 12 to be started, continuously adding raw coal to be sorted to the feeding end of the upper vibrating screen 9, screening out large-particle raw coal by using the upper vibrating screen 9 and discharging the large-particle raw coal through the discharging end of the upper vibrating screen, screening out small-particle raw coal by using the lower vibrating screen 12 and discharging the small-particle raw coal through the discharging end of the lower vibrating screen, and simultaneously removing fine-particle coal particles by using the screen holes of the lower vibrating screen 12 and guiding the fine-particle coal particles into a material collecting box 15 through a material collecting hopper 14;
step two: carrying out single-layer material distribution on the small-particle raw coal screened by the lower vibrating screen 12 through the first single-layer material distributor 3, forming a plurality of coal belts on the first belt conveyor 18, and meanwhile, enabling adjacent particles on each coal belt to be arranged at intervals to provide a foundation for accurate identification of coal and gangue; then the raw coal is uniformly conveyed by a first belt conveyor 18;
performing single-layer material distribution on the large-particle raw coal screened by the upper vibrating screen 9 through the second single-layer material distributor 6, forming a plurality of coal belts on the second belt conveyor 39, and meanwhile, enabling adjacent particles on each coal belt to be arranged at intervals to provide a basis for accurate identification of coal and gangue; then the raw coal is uniformly conveyed by a second belt conveyor 39;
step three: in the conveying process of the first belt conveyor 18, the coal and the gangue are subjected to radiant heating through the first microwave heating device 21, the first temperature sensor 22 is used for collecting surface temperature signals of the coal and the gangue in each coal belt before and after radiation, the first camera A19 and the first camera B20 are used for collecting image data of raw coal in real time, the industrial computer identifies the coal and the gangue in each coal belt according to different temperature change intervals of the coal and the gangue, impurity foreign bodies containing non-gangue types in each coal belt are identified according to different edge characteristics of the coal and the foreign bodies, time data of the coal, the gangue and the foreign bodies in each coal belt leaving the discharge end of the first belt conveyor 18 are determined according to the running speed of the first belt conveyor 18, and the determined time data are sent to the PLC in real time;
in the conveying process of the second belt conveyor 39, the coal and the gangue are subjected to radiation heating through the second microwave heating device 42, the second temperature sensor 43 is used for collecting surface temperature signals of the coal and the gangue in each coal belt before and after radiation, the second camera A40 and the second camera B41 are used for collecting image data of raw coal in real time, the industrial computer identifies the coal and the gangue in each coal belt according to different temperature change intervals of the coal and the gangue, identifies impurity foreign matters containing non-gangue in each coal belt according to different edge characteristics of the coal and the foreign matters, determines time data of the coal, the gangue and the foreign matters in each coal belt leaving the discharge end of the second belt conveyor 39 according to the running speed of the second belt conveyor 39, and sends the determined time data to the PLC in real time;
the PLC controls the first sorting executing mechanism 4 under the corresponding coal belt to execute different actions according to different time data of the coal, the gangue and the foreign matters in each coal belt leaving the discharge end of the first belt conveyor 18; when the clean coal leaves the discharging end of the first belt conveyor 18, the first sorting executing mechanism 4 is controlled not to act, so that the clean coal falls into the first clean coal collecting barrel 61 through falling body movement, when the gangue leaves the discharging end of the first belt conveyor 18, the first electromagnetic valve C in the first sorting executing mechanism 4 is controlled to be opened, meanwhile, the first air cylinder 25 and the second air cylinder 26 are ensured not to act, when the first air cylinder 25 and the second air cylinder 26 do not act, the first sliding block 35 is positioned at the closed end of the first injection straight barrel 24, the first injection straight barrel 24 is kept in a horizontal state, the first spray gun 37 instantly sprays high-pressure gas after the first electromagnetic valve C is opened, and the gangue is blown into the first gangue collecting barrel 60 positioned on the left side of the first clean coal collecting barrel 61; when the foreign matters leave the discharge end of the first belt conveyor 18, the first sorting executing mechanism 4 is controlled to act, a first electromagnetic valve C in the first sorting executing mechanism 4 is controlled to be opened, the action set time of a first electromagnetic directional valve A is controlled to enable a piston rod of a first air cylinder 25 to be fully extended, a first sliding block 35 is pushed to a position closest to the open end of a first blowing straight cylinder 24, the action set time of a first electromagnetic directional valve B is controlled to enable a piston rod of a second air cylinder 26 to be lifted to a set height, the open end of the first blowing straight cylinder 24 is upwards inclined by a certain angle, a first spray gun 37 instantly sprays high-pressure gas after the first electromagnetic valve C is opened, and the foreign matters are blown into a first foreign matter collecting barrel 59 positioned on the left side of a first gangue collecting barrel 60;
the PLC controls a second sorting executing mechanism 7 under the corresponding coal belt to execute different actions according to different time data of the coal, the gangue and the foreign matters in each coal belt leaving the discharge end of the second belt conveyor 39; when the clean coal leaves the discharge end of the second belt conveyor 39, the second separation executing mechanism 7 is controlled to be inactive, so that the clean coal falls into the second clean coal collecting barrel 62 through falling body movement, when the gangue leaves the discharge end of the second belt conveyor 39, the second electromagnetic valve C in the second separation executing mechanism 7 is controlled to be opened, meanwhile, the third air cylinder 46 and the fourth air cylinder 47 are ensured to be inactive, when the third air cylinder 46 and the fourth air cylinder 47 are inactive, the second sliding block 55 is positioned at the closed end of the second injection straight barrel 45, the second injection straight barrel 45 is kept in a horizontal state, the second spray gun 56 instantly sprays high-pressure gas after the second electromagnetic valve C is opened, and the gangue is blown into a second gangue collecting barrel 63 positioned on the right side of the second clean coal collecting barrel 62; when the foreign matters leave the discharge end of the second belt conveyor 39, the second sorting actuator 7 is controlled to act, a second electromagnetic valve C in the second sorting actuator 7 is controlled to be opened, the action set time of a second electromagnetic directional valve A is controlled to enable a piston rod of a third air cylinder 46 to be completely extended, a second slider 55 is pushed to a position closest to the open end of a second blowing straight cylinder 45, the action set time of a second electromagnetic directional valve B is controlled to enable a piston rod of a fourth air cylinder 47 to rise to a set height, the open end of the second blowing straight cylinder 45 is upwards inclined by a certain angle, and after the second electromagnetic valve C is opened, a second spray gun 56 instantly sprays high-pressure gas inclined by a certain angle and blows the foreign matters into a second foreign matter collecting barrel 64 located on the right side of a second gangue collecting barrel 63.
In the technical process, parameters of each step can be adjusted, so that different sorting effects can be realized according to actual conditions. Different screening effects and the removal degree of the ultrafine coal particles can be realized by changing the size of the aperture on the screen or increasing and reducing the number of the screens; changing the intensity or time of microwave radiation to control the coal and gangue identification time of the coal and gangue sorting subsystem; the strength of the gas valve extension is changed to control the gangue or foreign matters to be hit into different grooves. By the technical scheme, the method has the advantages that accurate, efficient and rapid identification of coal, gangue and foreign matters is carried out by utilizing microwave radiation heating and binocular vision, manpower and material resources are saved, and the operation cost of an enterprise is reduced. According to the method, the microwave heating device is adopted to heat coal, gangue and foreign matters, the temperature sensor is utilized to measure the temperature of the radiated raw coal, and meanwhile, the image data is combined to identify the edge characteristics of the raw coal, so that the positions of the coal and the gangue can be accurately and efficiently identified. And finally, the separation work is completed by utilizing a plurality of separation executing mechanisms distributed at the tail end of the conveying belt, so that the automation of coal and gangue separation can be effectively realized, the operation cost of enterprises is reduced, the utilization rate of coal mines is improved, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
In order to facilitate the charging process, in the first step, raw coal to be sorted is continuously charged to the feeding end of the upper vibrating screen 9 through a feeding hopper 58 fixedly connected to the top end of the frame 8.
In order to ensure the identification accuracy, in the second step, the first belt conveyor 18 and the second belt conveyor 39 both transport raw coal at a constant speed.
In order to improve the identification accuracy, in the third step, the industrial computer identifies the non-gangue impurity foreign matters by using the binocular vision principle.
Preferably, in the step one, the height of the falling raw coal is limited by a rigid baffle plate 10 arranged above the upper vibrating screen 9 so as to prevent the surface of the screen plate of the upper vibrating screen 9 from excessively stacking the raw coal to influence the screening effect; wherein, the upper end of the rigid material baffle 10 is fixedly connected with the frame 8, and the lower end thereof and the surface of the screen plate of the upper vibrating screen 9 form a blanking channel 31.
Preferably, in the first step, the falling time of the raw coal on the surface of the sieve plate is slowed down by a blanking buffer unit A11 arranged above the upper vibrating screen 9, so as to further improve the sieving effect; wherein, unloading buffer unit A11 comprises last striker plate 16 and the soft rubber plate 17 of being connected at last striker plate 16 lower extreme that are located the upper portion, and the vertical setting of unloading buffer unit A11 is in the top at last shale shaker 9 middle part, and is located the right side of rigidity striker plate 10, and the upper end and the frame 8 fixed connection of last striker plate 16, shale shaker 9 upper surface clearance fit on the lower extreme of soft rubber plate 17.
In order to improve the degree of automation, the PLC controller is further connected with the first belt conveyor 18, the first single-layer material distributor 3, the second belt conveyor 39, the second single-layer material distributor 6, the upper vibrating screen 9 and the lower vibrating screen 12, respectively.
In order to have longer service life on the basis of ensuring good buffering effect, the elastic rope 32 is made of high-strength terylene, and in the first step, raw coal falling to the surface of the lower vibrating screen 12 through the upper vibrating screen 9 is buffered by the elastic rope 32 so as to prevent the occurrence of excessive crushing in the falling process.
For the efficient coal gangue sorting system: the vibrating screen is placed in an inclined state, and then vibration of the vibrating screen is provided for the screen plate to vibrate to a certain extent, so that the screening effect of coal particles with different grades can be better controlled, and the coal particles are prevented from being crushed in a transition mode. The vibrating screen is placed obliquely downwards, so that coal particles can roll downwards along the screen surface of the oblique screen plate when thrown up and fall under the vibration effect, the screening effect is better realized in the rolling process, and finally the coal particles enter the single-layer material distributor on the next layer through the tail end of the screen plate. The discharge ends of the two vibrating screens are positioned at different positions, so that synchronous separation operation of raw coal with different particles is conveniently realized; through the arrangement of the rigid material baffle plate, the raw coal can be prevented from being excessively accumulated on the surface of the screen plate of the upper vibrating screen, so that the screening effect is improved conveniently; through the arrangement of the blanking buffer unit B, the situation of transitional crushing caused by collision of coal particles in the lower casting process can be further prevented;
the raw coal can be screened in three stages by the upper vibrating screen and the lower vibrating screen which are arranged at intervals up and down, and the screened raw coal with two different grades of particle sizes is discharged through the right end of the upper vibrating screen and the left end of the lower vibrating screen respectively and enters the first single-layer distributing machine and the second single-layer distributing machine to be arranged in a single layer; the third-stage fine-degree coal can be discharged into the aggregate box through the aggregate funnel to be removed. First individual layer cloth machine and second individual layer cloth machine can carry out the individual layer cloth to the raw coal that lower shale shaker and last shale shaker elected respectively and arrange, and then can make the raw coal get into band conveyer with align to grid's mode, have guaranteed that the raw coal can more effectual quilt discernment in transportation process, simultaneously, the heating operation of the raw coal of also being convenient for that also can be better. Through the arrangement of the first microwave heating device and the second microwave heating device, coal and gangue arranged in a single layer can be better radiated by microwaves, the surface temperatures of the coal and the gangue can be changed differently after the coal and the gangue are radiated, and the surfaces of the coal and the gangue before and after radiation are measured by the temperature sensorsTemperature data, simultaneously, two cameras with a certain distance acquire image data of raw coal in real time, and the temperature data and the image data are acquired by a data acquisition card
The conversion is followed and is transmitted for industrial computer, can be convenient for industrial computer according to coal and the respective different discernment of the respective temperature variation interval of waste rock coal and waste rock go out coal and waste rock, simultaneously, be convenient for industrial computer utilizes the different impurity foreign matters that contain non-waste rock class in the different discernment raw coal of binocular vision principle according to coal and foreign matter edge characteristic, and then industrial computer can combine temperature data and image data to carry out the discernment of coal, waste rock and foreign matter according to the algorithm of predesigned, the position of coal, waste rock and foreign matter can be discerned to accurate efficient. The industrial computer sends the discernment result data to the PLC controller after the discernment finishes, and the PLC controller utilizes a plurality of sorting actuating mechanism that distribute at the band conveyer discharge end to carry out the separation operation, can realize the automation that coal, waste rock and foreign matter were selected separately, very big reduction the operation cost of enterprise to improve the utilization ratio of raw coal, reduced the pollution that produces the environment.
The principle of the industrial computer for identifying coal, gangue and foreign matters is as follows:
firstly, identifying coal and gangue: in the process of identifying coal and gangue, raw coal arranged on a conveyor belt in a single layer is heated by microwaves emitted by microwave emitters arranged at equal heights above a belt conveyor, and the raw coal on the belt conveyor is subjected to microwave radiation heating under the conditions of ensuring the height of the microwave emitters from the belt conveyor, the microwave intensity, the microwave radiation time and the same surface temperature of the coal and the gangue. The coal and the gangue both contain C element, belong to microwave absorbers, and can convert microwaves into heat energy after microwave radiation. Because the carbon contents of the coal and the gangue are different, the wave absorbing capability of the coal and the gangue is different, the temperature rising speed after the coal and the gangue are radiated is different and is related to the carbon content. The higher the carbon content, the better the microwave heating performance. The carbon content of coal is higher than that of gangue, so the temperature of coal changes remarkably after microwave radiation under the same conditions. Before the microwave emitter radiates the microwave, the infrared thermometer is used to obtainTaking the surface initial temperature value of the raw coal on the belt conveyor
After being heated by microwaves under the same condition, the temperature rise speed is different due to different carbon contents of coal and gangue, and the temperature change interval of a coal mine is set as
And is obviously higher than the temperature change interval of the gangue
. The infrared thermometer is used for measuring the temperature of the heated coal and gangue, and the data acquisition card is used for collecting data and transmitting the data to the industrial computer for identifying foreign matters. The industrial computer can analyze the result according to the set algorithm, if the temperature changes
Judging the coal briquette; if the temperature changes in
And judging the gangue.
Identifying non-gangue foreign matters: the collected non-gangue foreign matters in the raw coal mainly comprise iron blocks, steel plates, bolts, battens and the like. The proportion of the foreign matters in the raw coal is far lower than that of the gangue, and the foreign matters have larger shape difference (mostly strip shape and regular shape) with the coal and the gangue, so that the foreign matters mixed in the raw coal can be identified by comparing the foreign matters with the edge characteristics of the gangue. The method comprises the steps that high-definition cameras arranged at different positions above a belt conveyor are used for obtaining image data of raw coal, a data acquisition card is used for collecting the image data and transmitting the image data to an industrial computer through A/D conversion, the computer is used for extracting edge features (perimeter, length-width ratio and area) of the obtained image data, and the extracted image data features are compared with preset perimeter threshold values, length-width ratio and area threshold values to achieve accurate identification of foreign matters. Provided that it is arranged on the belt conveyerThe interval between two cameras above the conveyor is
The running speed of the belt conveyor is
The foreign matter A runs from the lower part of the first camera A or the second camera A to the lower part of the first camera B or the second camera B in the time
Taking into account the delay in the transfer of image data and in the processing of data by a computer
Therefore, the interval between the pictures shot by the two cameras can be considered to be
The two cameras are arranged on the same side of the screen, and the two cameras can recognize the same foreign matter A. Certain speed should be guaranteed to band conveyer when the transportation, avoid the too fast waste rock or foreign matter to jolt on band conveyer and lead to the position to take place the skew, influence the rate of accuracy and the precision of sorting system.
The sorting actuating mechanism is mainly completed by controlling a first electromagnetic valve C and a second electromagnetic valve C by a PLC. Identifying the information of the waste rocks and the foreign matters on the belt conveyor through an industrial computer, transmitting the obtained information of the waste rocks and the foreign matters to a PLC (programmable logic controller) through D/A (digital/analog) conversion, and respectively controlling the PLC to perform the operation according to the fixed-length time
The opening of the first electromagnetic valve C or the second electromagnetic valve C at the corresponding position is controlled to complete the pneumatic striking action of the gangue and the foreign matters. Sorting actuating mechanismAnd as an execution terminal of the coal and gangue sorting system, the PLC controls the first or second electromagnetic valve C to act, the first blowing straight cylinder or the second blowing straight cylinder sprays air as a medium, and gangue and foreign matters to be thrown off on the belt conveyor are blown out to deviate from an original running track. Because the raw coal on each passageway is arranged in order to the individual layer cloth machine, and leaves the certain interval between each raw coal, as long as make band conveyer keep certain functioning speed, just can avoid changing waste rock or foreign matter position when carrying out from discerning the separation action, can effectively guarantee the separation precision. The raw coal is horizontally thrown when running to the tail end of the belt conveyor, and is controlled by the PLC to be arranged under the belt conveyor and away from the tail end of the belt conveyor according to the judgment of the industrial computer on the information of the gangue and foreign matters on the belt conveyor
The first or second sorting actuator acts, in particular, for the first sorting actuator: the pitching angle of the first blowing straight barrel is adjusted through the second cylinder, the distance from the first spray gun to the open end of the first blowing straight barrel is adjusted through the first cylinder, and the communication path of the gas path is controlled through the first electromagnetic valve C; for the second sorting actuator: the pitching angle of the second spraying straight barrel is adjusted through the fourth cylinder, the distance between the second spray gun and the opening end of the second spraying straight barrel is adjusted through the third cylinder, and the communication path of the air path is controlled through the second electromagnetic valve C. And the first or second sorting executing mechanisms at the corresponding positions are enabled to execute actions to blow the gangue or the foreign matters out of the original running track and fall into the corresponding grooves, and the sorting executing mechanisms do not act when the clean coal falls down, so that the clean coal does horizontal throwing motion along the original track and falls into the corresponding grooves. A plurality of first or second sorting actuators are arranged right below the tail end of the belt conveyor
At a belt conveyor running speed of
The object falling can be known according to the law of free fallThe relationship between time and falling height is:
the falling speed and falling time are related
. Time of hitting gangue
: the gangue is still a distance away from the tail end of the belt conveyor after passing through the infrared thermometer
The time for the gangue to travel to the end of the belt conveyor is
The data is transmitted to the computer through the A/D and the computer identifies the gangue with delay
The PLC controller controls the action delay of the electromagnetic valve C
The gangue on the belt conveyor passes through the infrared thermometer
And then, the gangue is beaten by a sorting actuating mechanism acting at a corresponding position with set strength and falls into a corresponding collecting barrel to complete separation. Time for hitting foreign matter
: after the foreign matter on the belt conveyor passes through the high-definition camera 2, a certain distance is still left from the tail end of the belt conveyor
The foreign matter travels to the end of the belt conveyor at a time of
The same data is collected by a data acquisition card, and is subjected to A/D conversion and computer identification with time delay
The PLC outputs a command to control the opening of the electromagnetic valve C to have time delay
The foreign matters on the belt conveyor pass through the high-definition camera from the data acquisition to the time of falling into the foreign matter groove by being hit by the sorting actuating mechanism at the corresponding position
. The strength that is used for hitting the foreign matter that the straight section of thick bamboo of blowout blew off after solenoid valve C opens is greater than the waste rock, thereby can blow into the groove of foreign matter more far away and avoid waste rock and foreign matter to mix. The infrared thermometer and the high-definition camera are arranged above the belt conveyor to be separated
The separation error caused by the fact that the PLC sends an instruction and cannot distinguish whether the gangue or the foreign matter is hit is avoided. Because the upper vibrating screen and the lower vibrating screen which are spaced up and down have realized that the raw coal with different grades is respectively sent into the belt conveyors with different ends, the striking force of the branch actuating mechanism can be preset. Because the raw coal on the belt conveyor is divided into n +1 coal belts, the number of the sorting execution mechanisms can be set to be n +1, and each sorting execution mechanism corresponds to each coal belt respectively. The branch actuating mechanism is driven by taking pneumatic force as striking, is controlled by the electromagnetic valve C, has high response speed, and is environment-friendly and efficient because air is used as a medium.
Claims (8)
1. The efficient coal and gangue sorting method based on microwave radiation comprises a high-efficiency coal and gangue sorting system, wherein the high-efficiency coal and gangue sorting system comprises a coal and gangue primary sorting mechanism (1), a first coal and gangue identification mechanism (2), a first single-layer material distributor (3), a plurality of first sorting execution mechanisms (4), a second coal and gangue identification mechanism (5), a second single-layer material distributor (6), a plurality of second sorting execution mechanisms (7), a data acquisition card, an industrial computer and a PLC (programmable logic controller); the primary coal gangue selecting mechanism (1) comprises a frame (8), an upper vibrating screen (9), a lower vibrating screen (12), a blanking buffer unit B (13), a collecting hopper (14) and a collecting box (15); the upper vibrating screen (9) is arranged on the top of the frame (8) in a manner of inclining left to right; the lower vibrating screen (12) is positioned below the upper vibrating screen (9), the screen hole of the lower vibrating screen (12) is smaller than that of the upper vibrating screen (9), and the lower left part and the higher right part are obliquely arranged in the middle of the rack (8); the blanking buffer unit B (13) is arranged between the upper vibrating screen (9) and the lower vibrating screen (12), the blanking buffer unit B (13) is composed of a plurality of elastic ropes (32) which are transversely arranged, the lengths of the elastic ropes (32) extend along the front and back direction, and the front end and the back end of each elastic rope are connected with the rack (8); the aggregate funnel (14) is arranged below the lower vibrating screen (12) and is fixedly connected to the lower part of the rack (8), and the feed inlet of the aggregate funnel is covered on the periphery of the outer part of the lower vibrating screen (12); the material collecting box (15) is arranged below a discharge hole of the material collecting funnel (14); the first coal and gangue identification mechanism (2) is arranged on the left side of the rack (8), and the first coal and gangue identification mechanism (2) comprises a first belt conveyor (18), a first camera A (19), a first camera B (20), a first microwave heating device (21) and a first temperature sensor (22); the left end and the right end of the first belt conveyor (18) extend in the left-right direction and are respectively a discharging end and a feeding end, and a first support (23) extending in the left-right direction is erected above the first belt conveyor; the first camera B (20) and the first camera A (19) are respectively arranged above the left part and the right part of the first belt conveyor (18) and are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the first bracket (23); the first microwave heating device (21) and the first temperature sensor (22) are arranged above the middle part of the first belt conveyor (18) at intervals, the first microwave heating device (21) is arranged at the left position of the middle part of the first support (23), and the first temperature sensor (22) is arranged at the right position of the middle part of the first support (23); the first single-layer material distributor (3) is arranged above the right end of the first belt conveyor (18), a feed inlet of the first single-layer material distributor (3) is connected with the left end of the lower vibrating screen (12) through a first material sliding plate (65) which is obliquely arranged from left to right and is low in height, and a discharge outlet of the first single-layer material distributor (3) is communicated with the surface of the first belt conveyor (18); the lower part of the first material sliding plate (65) is provided with a plurality of first material falling grooves (67) along the width direction, the first material falling grooves (67) are of a structure with a small upper opening and a large lower opening, and the first material falling grooves are in smooth transition from the upper opening to the lower opening; the first single-layer distributing machine (3) comprises a first machine shell (68), a first material guide roller (70), a first conveying belt (69) and a plurality of first baffle plates (71); the feeding device comprises a first machine shell (68), a first guide roller (70), a second machine shell (68), a first conveying belt (69), a second motor, a third motor, a fourth motor, a fifth motor, a sixth motor, a seventh motor, a sixth motor, a fifth motor, a sixth motor, a fifth motor, a sixth motor, a fourth motor, a fifth motor, a fourth motor, a; the surface of the first material guide roller (70) is provided with a plurality of rows of first arc-shaped groove groups along the axial direction, and each row of first arc-shaped groove group consists of first arc-shaped grooves (72) which are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction; the first baffle plates (71) are arranged on the left side of the first material guide roller (70), are uniformly distributed along the width direction of the first conveying belt (69), are fixedly connected with a top plate of the first shell (68) at the upper ends, and are in clearance fit with a bearing section of the first conveying belt (69) at the lower ends; the first sorting executing mechanisms (4) are arranged below the left end of the first belt conveyor (18) and are sequentially arranged along the width direction of the first belt conveyor (18), and each first sorting executing mechanism comprises a first blowing straight cylinder (24), a first air cylinder (25), a second air cylinder (26), a first supporting column (27) and a first supporting seat (28); the left end of the first blowing straight cylinder (24) is of an open structure, and the right end of the first blowing straight cylinder is packaged with a first end plate (29); the upper part and the lower part of the first end plate (29) are respectively provided with a first through hole A (33) and a first through hole B (34); a first piston rod is arranged in the first cylinder (25), the length directions of the first cylinder (25) and the first blowing straight cylinder (24) are consistent, the upper end of the cylinder barrel is fixedly connected with a first guide sleeve (30), and a first rigid pipeline (36) arranged in parallel with the first piston rod is connected in the first guide sleeve (30) in a sliding manner; the left end of a cylinder barrel of a first air cylinder (25) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the right end of a first end plate (29), and the left end of a first rigid pipeline (36) and the end of a first piston rod respectively penetrate into a first blowing straight barrel (24) through a first through hole A (33) and a first through hole B (34) in a sliding manner and are fixedly connected with the right end of a first sliding block (35); the first sliding block (35) is radially limited and axially arranged in the inner cavity of the first blowing straight cylinder (24) in a sliding manner, and a first spray gun (37) axially arranged is fixedly inserted in the center of the left end of the first sliding block; the air outlet end of the first spray gun (37) faces the open end of the first blowing straight barrel (24), the air inlet end of the first spray gun (37) is communicated with the left end of the first rigid pipeline (36) through a first channel (38) arranged inside the first sliding block (35), and the right end of the first rigid pipeline (36) is connected with a first air source through a hose A; the second cylinder (26) and the first supporting column (27) are vertically arranged at the left part and the right part below the first blowing straight cylinder (24), the base of the second cylinder (26) and the lower end of the first supporting column (27) are fixedly connected to the upper end of the first supporting seat (28), and the piston rod end of the second cylinder (26) and the upper end of the first supporting column (27) are respectively hinged with the left part and the right part of the lower end of the first blowing straight cylinder (24); the second coal and gangue identification mechanism (5) is arranged on the right side of the rack (8), and the second coal and gangue identification mechanism (5) comprises a second belt conveyor (39), a second camera A (40), a second camera B (41), a second microwave heating device (42) and a second temperature sensor (43); the second belt conveyor (39) extends in the left-right direction, the left end and the right end of the second belt conveyor are respectively a discharge end and a feed end, and a second support (44) extending in the left-right direction is erected above the second belt conveyor; the second camera A (40) and the second camera B (41) are respectively arranged above the left part and the right part of the second belt conveyor (39) and are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the second bracket (44); the second microwave heating device (42) and the second temperature sensor (43) are arranged above the middle part of the second belt conveyor (39) at intervals, the second microwave heating device (42) is arranged at the left position of the middle part of the second support (44), and the second temperature sensor (43) is arranged at the right position of the middle part of the second support (44); the second single-layer material distributor (6) is arranged above the left end of the second belt conveyor (39), a feed port of the second single-layer material distributor (6) is connected with the right end of the upper vibrating screen (9) through a second material sliding plate (66) which is obliquely arranged from top to bottom, and a discharge port of the second single-layer material distributor (6) is communicated with the surface of the second belt conveyor (39); a plurality of second blanking grooves (73) are formed in the lower portion of the second material sliding plate (66) along the width direction of the second material sliding plate, the second blanking grooves (73) are of a structure with a small upper opening and a large lower opening, and the second blanking grooves are in smooth transition from the upper opening to the lower opening; the second single-layer distributing machine (6) comprises a second machine shell (74), a second material guide roller (76), a second conveyor belt (75) and a plurality of second baffle plates (77); the upper part of the left end of the second machine shell (74) is provided with a feeding hole, the lower part of the right end of the second machine shell (74) is provided with a discharging hole, the second conveyor belt (75) is transversely arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the second machine shell (74) and is driven by a third motor arranged outside the second machine shell (74), and the second guide roller (76) is rotatably arranged at the feeding hole of the second machine shell (74), is positioned at the upper part of the second conveyor belt (75) and is driven by a fourth motor arranged outside the second machine shell (74); a plurality of rows of second arc-shaped groove groups are formed in the surface of the second material guide roller (76) along the axial direction of the second material guide roller, and each row of second arc-shaped groove groups consists of second arc-shaped grooves (78) which are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction; the second baffle plates (77) are arranged on the right side of the second guide roller (76) and are uniformly distributed along the width direction of the second conveyor belt (75), the upper ends of the second baffle plates are fixedly connected with a top plate of the second machine shell (74), and the lower ends of the second baffle plates are in clearance fit with a bearing section of the second conveyor belt (75); the second sorting executing mechanisms (7) are arranged below the left end of the second belt conveyor (39) and are sequentially arranged along the width direction of the first belt conveyor (18), and each second sorting executing mechanism comprises a second blowing straight cylinder (45), a third air cylinder (46), a fourth air cylinder (47), a second supporting column (48) and a second supporting seat (49); the left end of the second blowing straight cylinder (45) is of an open structure, and the right end of the second blowing straight cylinder is packaged with a second end plate (50); the upper part and the lower part of the second end plate (50) are respectively provided with a second through hole A (51) and a second through hole B (52); a third piston rod is arranged in the third cylinder (46), the third cylinder (46) and the second blowing straight cylinder (45) are consistent in length direction, the upper end of the cylinder barrel of the third cylinder is fixedly connected with a second guide sleeve (53), and a second rigid pipeline (54) parallel to the third piston rod is connected in the second guide sleeve (53) in a sliding manner; the left end of a cylinder barrel of a third air cylinder (46) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the right end of a second end plate (50), and the left end of a second rigid pipeline (54) and the end of a third piston rod respectively penetrate into a second blowing straight cylinder (45) through a second through hole A (51) and a second through hole B (52) in a sliding manner and are fixedly connected with the right end of a second sliding block (55); the second sliding block (55) is radially limited and axially arranged in the inner cavity of the second blowing straight cylinder (45) in a sliding manner, and a second spray gun (56) axially arranged is fixedly inserted in the center of the left end of the second sliding block; the air outlet end of the second spray gun (56) faces the open end of the second blowing straight barrel (45), the air inlet end of the second spray gun (56) is communicated with the left end of the second rigid pipeline (54) through a second channel (57) arranged inside the second sliding block (55), and the right end of the second rigid pipeline (54) is connected with a second air source through a hose B; the left part and the right part below the second blowing straight cylinder (45) are vertically arranged on the fourth cylinder (47) and the second supporting column (48), the base of the fourth cylinder (47) and the lower end of the second supporting column (48) are fixedly connected to the upper end of the second supporting seat (49), and the piston rod end of the fourth cylinder (47) and the upper end of the second supporting column (48) are hinged to the left part and the right part of the lower end of the second blowing straight cylinder (45) respectively; the industrial computer is electrically connected with the PLC controller, and is also electrically connected with the first camera A (19), the first camera B (20), the first temperature sensor (22), the second camera A (40), the second camera B (41) and the second temperature sensor (43) through a data acquisition card respectively, and the PLC controller is electrically connected with the first microwave heating device (21), the first electromagnetic reversing valve A, the first electromagnetic reversing valve B, the first electromagnetic valve C, the second microwave heating device (42), the second electromagnetic reversing valve A, the second electromagnetic reversing valve B and the second electromagnetic valve C respectively; the first electromagnetic directional valve A is connected with a gas circuit of the first cylinder (25) and is used for controlling the extension and retraction of a piston rod in the first cylinder (25) through a directional action; the first electromagnetic directional valve B is connected with the air passage of the second air cylinder (26) and is used for controlling the extension and retraction of a piston rod in the second air cylinder (26) through a directional action; the first electromagnetic valve C is connected in series with the hose A and is used for controlling the on-off of an air path between the first spray gun (37) and the first air source; the second electromagnetic directional valve A is connected with the air passage of the third air cylinder (46) and is used for controlling the extension and retraction of a piston rod in the third air cylinder (46) through a directional action; the second electromagnetic directional valve B is connected with the air passage of the fourth air cylinder (47) and is used for controlling the extension and retraction of a piston rod in the fourth air cylinder (47) through a directional action; the second electromagnetic valve C is connected in series with the hose B and is used for controlling the on-off of the air path between the second spray gun (56) and the second air source;
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: controlling an upper vibrating screen (9) and a lower vibrating screen (12) to be started, continuously adding raw coal to be sorted to a feeding end of the upper vibrating screen (9), screening out large-particle raw coal by using the upper vibrating screen (9) and discharging the large-particle raw coal through a discharging end of the upper vibrating screen, screening out small-particle raw coal by using the lower vibrating screen (12) and discharging the small-particle raw coal through a discharging end of the lower vibrating screen, and simultaneously rejecting fine-particle coal particles by using a screen hole of the lower vibrating screen (12) and guiding the fine-particle coal particles into a material collecting box (15) through a material collecting funnel (14);
step two: the method comprises the following steps of performing single-layer material distribution on small-particle raw coal screened by a lower vibrating screen (12) through a first single-layer material distributor (3), forming a plurality of coal belts on a first belt conveyor (18), and meanwhile, enabling adjacent particles on each coal belt to be distributed at intervals to provide a foundation for accurate identification of coal gangue; then the raw coal is uniformly conveyed by a first belt conveyor (18);
the large-particle raw coal screened by the upper vibrating screen (9) is subjected to single-layer material distribution through a second single-layer material distributor (6), a plurality of coal belts are formed on a second belt conveyor (39), and meanwhile, adjacent particles on each coal belt are distributed at intervals, so that a foundation is provided for accurate identification of coal gangue; then the raw coal is uniformly conveyed by a second belt conveyor (39);
step three: in the conveying process of the first belt conveyor (18), the coal and the gangue are subjected to radiation heating through a first microwave heating device (21), the surface temperature signals of the coal and the gangue in each coal belt before and after radiation are collected through a first temperature sensor (22), and the first camera A (19) and the first camera B (20) are used for collecting image data of raw coal in real time, the industrial computer identifies the coal and the gangue in each coal belt according to the difference of the temperature change interval of the coal and the gangue, and identifying the impurity foreign bodies containing non-gangue in each coal belt according to different edge characteristics of the coal and the foreign bodies, determining time data of coal, gangue and foreign matters in each coal belt leaving the discharge end of the first belt conveyor (18) according to the running speed of the first belt conveyor (18), and sending the determined time data to the PLC in real time;
in the conveying process of the second belt conveyor (39), the coal and the gangue are subjected to radiation heating through a second microwave heating device (42), the surface temperature signals of the coal and the gangue in each coal belt before and after radiation are collected by a second temperature sensor (43), and the second camera A (40) and the second camera B (41) are used for collecting image data of raw coal in real time, the industrial computer identifies the coal and the gangue in each coal belt according to the difference of the temperature change intervals of the coal and the gangue, and identifying impurity foreign matters containing non-gangue in each coal belt according to different edge characteristics of coal and the foreign matters, determining time data of the coal, the gangue and the foreign matters of each coal belt leaving the discharge end of the second belt conveyor (39) according to the running speed of the second belt conveyor (39), and sending the determined time data to the PLC in real time;
step four: the PLC controls a first sorting executing mechanism (4) below the corresponding coal belt to execute different actions according to different time data of the coal, the gangue and the foreign matters in each coal belt leaving the discharge end of the first belt conveyor (18); when clean coal leaves the discharge end of the first belt conveyor (18), the first sorting executing mechanism (4) is controlled to be not actuated, so that the clean coal falls into a first clean coal collecting barrel (61) through falling body movement, when gangue leaves the discharge end of the first belt conveyor (18), a first electromagnetic valve C in the first sorting executing mechanism (4) is controlled to be opened, meanwhile, the first air cylinder (25) and the second air cylinder (26) are ensured not to be actuated, when the first air cylinder (25) and the second air cylinder (26) are not actuated, the first sliding block (35) is positioned at the closed end of the first blowing straight barrel (24), the first blowing straight barrel (24) is kept in a horizontal state, and a first spray gun (37) instantly sprays high-pressure gas after the first electromagnetic valve C is opened, and blows the gangue into a first gangue collecting barrel (60) positioned on the left side of the first clean coal collecting barrel (61); when foreign matters leave the discharge end of the first belt conveyor (18), the first sorting executing mechanism (4) is controlled to act, a first electromagnetic valve C in the first sorting executing mechanism (4) is controlled to be opened, the action set time of a first electromagnetic reversing valve A is controlled to enable a piston rod of a first air cylinder (25) to be fully extended, a first sliding block (35) is pushed to a position nearest to the open end of a first blowing straight cylinder (24), the action set time of a first electromagnetic reversing valve B is controlled to enable a piston rod of a second air cylinder (26) to be lifted to a set height, the open end of the first blowing straight cylinder (24) is upwards inclined by a certain angle, a first spray gun (37) instantly sprays high-pressure gas after the first electromagnetic valve C is opened, and the foreign matters are blown into a first foreign matter collecting barrel (59) located on the left side of a first gangue collecting barrel (60);
the PLC controls a second sorting executing mechanism (7) below the corresponding coal belt to execute different actions according to different time data of the coal, the gangue and the foreign matters in each coal belt leaving the discharge end of the second belt conveyor (39); when clean coal leaves the discharge end of the second belt conveyor (39), the second separation executing mechanism (7) is controlled to be not operated, so that the clean coal falls into a second clean coal collecting barrel (62) through falling body movement, when gangue leaves the discharge end of the second belt conveyor (39), a second electromagnetic valve C in the second separation executing mechanism (7) is controlled to be opened, meanwhile, a third air cylinder (46) and a fourth air cylinder (47) are ensured not to be operated, when the third air cylinder (46) and the fourth air cylinder (47) are not operated, a second sliding block (55) is positioned at the closed end of a second injection straight barrel (45), the second injection straight barrel (45) is kept in a horizontal state, and a second spray gun (56) instantly sprays high-pressure gas after the second electromagnetic valve C is opened, and blows the gangue into a second gangue collecting barrel (63) positioned on the right side of the second clean coal collecting barrel (62); when the foreign matters leave the discharge end of the second belt conveyor (39), the second sorting executing mechanism (7) is controlled to act, a second electromagnetic valve C in the second sorting executing mechanism (7) is controlled to be opened, the action set time of a second electromagnetic directional valve A is controlled to enable a piston rod of a third air cylinder (46) to be fully extended, a second sliding block (55) is pushed to the position nearest to the opening end of a second blowing straight cylinder (45), the action set time of a second electromagnetic directional valve B is controlled to enable a piston rod of a fourth air cylinder (47) to be lifted to a set height, the opening end of the second blowing straight cylinder (45) is upwards inclined by a certain angle, and after the second electromagnetic valve C is opened, a second spray gun (56) instantly sprays high-pressure gas inclined by a certain angle, and blows the foreign matters into a second foreign matter collecting barrel (64) located on the right side of a second gangue collecting barrel (63).
2. The method for efficiently sorting the coal gangue based on the microwave radiation as claimed in the claim 1, wherein in the step one, the raw coal to be sorted is continuously added to the feeding end of the upper vibrating screen (9) through a feeding hopper (58) fixedly connected to the top end of the frame (8).
3. The method for efficiently sorting the coal gangue based on the microwave radiation as claimed in the claim 1 or 2, wherein in the second step, the first belt conveyor (18) and the second belt conveyor (39) are used for conveying raw coal at a constant speed.
4. The method for efficiently sorting the coal gangue based on the microwave radiation as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the third step, the industrial computer identifies the impurity foreign matters of non-gangue class by using the binocular vision principle.
5. The method for efficiently sorting the coal gangue based on the microwave radiation is characterized in that in the step one, the height of the falling raw coal is limited by a rigid material baffle plate (10) arranged above an upper vibrating screen (9) so as to prevent the surface of a screen plate of the upper vibrating screen (9) from excessively stacking the raw coal to influence the screening effect; the upper end of the rigid material baffle (10) is fixedly connected with the frame (8), and the lower end of the rigid material baffle and the surface of a screen plate of the upper vibrating screen (9) form a blanking channel (31).
6. The method for efficiently sorting the coal gangue based on the microwave radiation as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step one, the falling time of the raw coal on the surface of the screen plate is slowed down through a blanking buffering unit A (11) arranged above the upper vibrating screen (9) so as to further improve the screening effect; wherein, unloading buffer unit A (11) comprises last striker plate (16) and the soft rubber plate (17) of being connected at last striker plate (16) lower extreme that are located upper portion, and unloading buffer unit A (11) vertical setting is in the top at last shale shaker (9) middle part, and is located the right side of rigidity striker plate (10), goes up the upper end and frame (8) fixed connection of striker plate (16), and shale shaker (9) upper surface clearance fit is gone up to the lower extreme of soft rubber plate (17).
7. The microwave radiation-based coal gangue efficient separation method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the PLC controller is further connected with a first belt conveyor (18), a first single-layer material distributor (3), a second belt conveyor (39), a second single-layer material distributor (6), an upper vibrating screen (9) and a lower vibrating screen (12) respectively.
8. The microwave radiation-based coal gangue high-efficiency sorting method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the elastic rope (32) is made of high-strength terylene, and in the step one, raw coal falling to the surface of the lower vibrating screen (12) through the upper vibrating screen (9) is buffered by the elastic rope (32) so as to prevent the raw coal from being excessively crushed during the falling process.
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| CN113731859B (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-12-12 | 河北工业大学 | Prevent gangue screening system of microwave leakage |
| CN114515705B (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-10-17 | 中煤科工集团信息技术有限公司 | Gangue sorting system based on multi-mode imaging analysis |
| CN115025997B (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2023-05-26 | 安徽理工大学 | Gangue sorting device and using method |
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