CN112843361A - Accurate hemodialysis system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an accurate hemodialysis system, which comprises a dialysate liquid distribution and supply device and a dialysis machine, wherein the device comprises a material distribution mechanism, the material distribution mechanism is used for respectively and independently mixing a plurality of or all raw material components in raw materials used by dialysate with water to prepare saturated solutions corresponding to the raw material components, the material distribution mechanism comprises a plurality of material distribution units which are arranged in parallel and are respectively used for preparing the saturated solutions corresponding to the raw material components and infusion pipelines which are respectively connected with the material distribution units, flow meters are respectively arranged on infusion pipes which are respectively connected with the material distribution units in the infusion pipelines, and the device also comprises a control unit which is respectively electrically connected with the flow meters. The characteristic that each raw material saturated solution is a fixed value is utilized, the outflow flow of the saturated solution of each raw material is regulated, and the preparation amount of each raw material component can be accurately controlled, so that the aim of accurately preparing the dialysate meeting the treatment requirement is fulfilled, intermediate links are effectively reduced, and no new pollution risk is introduced from the raw materials to the dialysis machine.

Description

Accurate hemodialysis system

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instrument manufacturing, and particularly relates to an accurate hemodialysis system.

Background

Hemodialysis is mainly used for treating diseases such as chronic renal failure, acute renal failure, drug poisoning and the like, and is widely applied clinically. Hemodialysis utilizes the principle of a semipermeable membrane to introduce blood and dialysate of a patient into a hemodialyzer at the same time, flows in opposite directions on two sides of the dialysis membrane, and depends on the solubility gradient, the osmotic gradient and the water pressure gradient on two sides of the semipermeable membrane. Removing toxins by dispersion, convection and adsorption; removing excessive water in vivo by ultrafiltration and osmosis; meanwhile, the required substances are supplemented, and electrolyte and acid-base balance disorder is corrected.

In the hemodialysis process, the dialysis machine has the functions of preparing dialysate, pumping blood and dialysate to the dialyzer, providing accurate ultrafiltration control, controlling the blood, dialysate flow and transmembrane pressure in the hemodialysis process, controlling the treatment parameters of patient diafiltration in the treatment process, and finishing dialysis treatment.

The dialysate used for hemodialysis mainly contains sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, citric acid or acetic acid.

The existing dialysate supply mode is that a dialysate manufacturer uses the raw materials to mix the raw materials into dry powder or saturated solution to supply the dry powder or the saturated solution to a dialysis center in consideration of transportation and storage cost, and sodium bicarbonate and other components react and crystallize. The sodium bicarbonate solution may grow bacteria, the liquid supply mode at present is a mode of separating the sodium bicarbonate from other components into A, B components, and A, B is provided with solution and dry powder, hospitals need to configure the dry powder into concentrated solution, then supply the A/B concentrated solution to a dialysis machine for use, and the dialysis machine dilutes and mixes the A/B components on line according to the proportion provided by the concentrate to the solution which permeates blood and the like, and then supplies the solution to patients for use.

The liquid supply mode undoubtedly increases the design and development difficulty of the dialysis machine, the dialysate is diluted on line, the internal large space of the dialysis machine needs to be occupied, the whole dilution process must be accurately regulated and controlled, and excessive fluctuation cannot occur in the dialysis process. The dialysis machine is also provided with a blood pumping device, a dialysate pumping device, an ultrafiltration control device, a matched heating and heat-preserving device, a sterilizing device and the like, the electromagnetic environment inside the whole dialysis machine is complex, the monitoring and regulation devices are more, and the dialysis machine is not beneficial to design, development and maintenance.

The existing liquid supply mode not only increases the development difficulty of the dialysis machine, but also has the following defects: first, dialysis concentrate formulators, who purchase raw materials for processing, inevitably introduce new contamination, which, although mitigated by production in clean rooms and various means of purification and filtration, is an objective. Secondly, a part of the used raw materials is hydrate, and the proportioning accuracy is influenced by the increase and decrease of the water content in the storage and configuration processes. The prepared product needs to be transported to a treatment center, the unit mass is large, and the storage and transportation cost is high. In the dialysis center, medical care is needed to prepare the concentrated powder into concentrated solution again, and then the concentrated solution is prepared into diluent by a dialysis machine for use by a patient.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the prior art problems, the present invention provides an improved precision hemodialysis system.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

the utility model provides an accurate hemodialysis system, including the dislysate that is used for preparing the dislysate join in marriage liquid and supply liquid device and with the dialysis machine that the device links to each other through the pipeline, the device includes batching mechanism, batching mechanism is right a plurality of or all raw and other materials components in the raw and other materials that the dislysate used are independent respectively and water are mixed and are prepared into the saturated solution that corresponds raw and other materials component, batching mechanism is including parallelly connected a plurality of being used for preparing respectively correspond the batching unit of the saturated solution of raw and other materials component and respectively with each the infusion pipeline that the batching unit links to each other, in the infusion pipeline respectively with each set up the flowmeter on the infusion tube that the batching unit links to each other respectively, the device still including respectively with the control unit that the flowmeter electricity is connected.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the raw material components to be prepared into the saturated solution are fed in the form of powder of each raw material component, the apparatus further includes a water conveying pipeline connected to each of the preparation units, and electromagnetic valves are respectively disposed on water pipes connected to the preparation units in the water conveying pipeline, and each electromagnetic valve is electrically connected to the control unit.

Furthermore, each of the batching units respectively includes a bucket for storing each of the raw material components, a chamber for installing each of the buckets, and a first heating unit for heating the chamber to keep the material in the bucket at a certain temperature, the water conveying pipeline and the liquid conveying pipeline are respectively connected with each of the buckets, and water is introduced into each of the buckets through the water conveying pipeline to dissolve the powder of the corresponding raw material component in the bucket to prepare a saturated solution of the corresponding raw material component.

According to some implementation aspects of the present invention, each of the dispensing units includes a material barrel for storing each of the raw material components, the liquid delivery pipeline is connected to the bottom of each material barrel, a filter screen is disposed at the bottom of each material barrel, and the liquid in each material barrel enters the liquid delivery pipeline after being filtered by the filter screen; the filter screen divides the charging basket into a raw material storage area and a saturated solution area; the raw material storage area of the charging bucket is provided with a stirring structure.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the apparatus further comprises a fluid concentration sensor for detecting the concentration of fluid in the fluid line connected to each of the dosing units;

or each batching unit comprises a charging basket for storing each raw material component, each liquid conveying pipeline is connected with the bottom of each charging basket, a filter screen is arranged at the bottom of each charging basket, and the liquid in each charging basket enters the liquid conveying pipeline after being filtered by the filter screen; the filter screen divides the charging basket into a raw material storage area and a saturated solution area; the apparatus also includes a liquid concentration sensor to monitor a liquid concentration of a saturated solution region of the barrel.

Further, the device further comprises an alarm device; when the liquid concentration monitored by any one of the liquid concentration sensors is less than a preset value, the alarm device can be triggered.

Further, the batching mechanism sets 2 groups, each group of batching mechanism includes a plurality of batching units that are used for preparing the saturated solution of corresponding raw and other materials component respectively, conduit, infusion pipeline respectively with all batching units link to each other, 2 groups prepare in the batching mechanism the batching unit of the same kind of saturated solution uses in turn.

According to some embodiment aspects of the invention, the device further comprises a disinfection mechanism connected with the water conveying pipeline through a pipeline, and the disinfection mechanism is a thermal disinfection mechanism and/or a chemical disinfection mechanism.

According to some embodiment aspects of the invention, the apparatus further comprises a heat exchanger disposed on the water conveying pipeline for heating the dosing water.

Furthermore, the infusion pipeline comprises a common infusion tube, a mixing tube arranged on the common infusion tube and a plurality of branch infusion tubes respectively connected between the common infusion tube and each dosing unit, and the flow meter is respectively arranged on each branch infusion tube.

Furthermore, each branch infusion tube is further provided with a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the material liquid in the corresponding branch infusion tube and a conductivity meter for monitoring the conductivity of the material liquid in the corresponding branch infusion tube, or each branch infusion tube is further provided with a conductivity meter with temperature monitoring, the device further comprises a monitoring unit which is used for monitoring the conductivity of the material liquid in each batching unit and has an alarm function, and the monitoring unit is electrically connected with the control unit.

According to some embodiment aspects of the present invention, the raw materials used for the dialysate include sodium chloride powder, potassium chloride powder, calcium chloride powder, magnesium chloride powder, citric acid powder or acetate powder, and sodium bicarbonate powder, and the plurality of the dosing units include a sodium chloride dosing unit for preparing a sodium chloride saturated solution, a potassium chloride dosing unit for preparing a potassium chloride saturated solution, a calcium chloride dosing unit for preparing a calcium chloride saturated solution, a magnesium chloride dosing unit for preparing a magnesium chloride saturated solution, an acid dosing unit for preparing a citric acid saturated solution or acetate saturated solution, and a sodium bicarbonate dosing unit for preparing a sodium bicarbonate saturated solution.

According to some implementation aspects of the invention, the dialysis machine comprises a standard dialysate inlet communicated with a liquid conveying pipeline of the dialysate distribution and supply device through a pipeline, a waste liquid discharge pipe, and a pressure regulating unit, a heating unit and a degassing unit which are sequentially connected between the standard dialysate inlet and the waste liquid discharge pipe through pipelines, wherein standard dialysate provided by the device enters through the standard dialysate inlet and then is sequentially treated through the pressure regulating unit, the heating unit and the degassing unit, the treated dialysate is supplied to a dialyzer for dialysis, and the dialysate dialyzed by the dialyzer is discharged through the waste liquid discharge pipe.

Further, the device is still including connecting dilution jar unit between infusion pipeline and the dialysis machine, dilution jar unit include with the infusion pipeline links to each other have the dilution jar of agitator, connect and be in circulating pipe, setting on the dilution jar circulating pump on the circulating pipe and be used for right the dilution jar heats the messenger feed liquid keeps at the second heating unit of uniform temperature in the dilution jar, feed liquid passes through the pipeline in the dilution jar and carries extremely standard dislysate entry.

According to some embodiment aspects of the present invention, the dialysis machine further comprises a material storage tank and a mixing tank connected between the heating unit and the degassing unit through a pipeline, wherein the material storage tank is connected with the mixing tank through a pipeline to feed materials into the mixing tank, a conductivity meter and a solenoid valve with temperature monitoring are respectively arranged on the connecting pipeline between the material storage tank and the mixing tank, or a temperature sensor, a conductivity meter and a solenoid valve are respectively arranged on the connecting pipeline between the material storage tank and the mixing tank; the heating unit is also communicated with the degassing unit through a pipeline.

Further, the dialysis machine is still including setting up heat exchanger on the waste liquid discharge pipe, the pressure regulating unit includes and connects in order through the pipeline first air-vent valve, feed liquor pressure controller and the second air-vent valve between standard dislysate entry and the heating element, heat exchanger still connects between first air-vent valve and the feed liquor pressure controller, heat exchanger is used for the warp the heat exchange of waste liquid in dislysate behind the first air-vent valve and the waste liquid discharge pipe.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the degassing unit comprises a flow restrictor, an expansion chamber, a degassing pressure controller and a degassing chamber connected in series by a pipeline, a flow pump is provided on the connecting pipeline between the degassing pressure controller and the degassing chamber, the flow restrictor is located between the mixing tank and the expansion chamber, and the heating unit is also in communication with the connecting pipeline between the mixing tank and the flow restrictor by a pipeline.

Furthermore, set up temperature sensor, conductivity meter or set up the conductivity meter that has the temperature monitoring respectively on the dislysate feed liquor pipe of degasification unit and the dislysate drain pipe respectively, still set up pressure protection sensor on the dislysate drain pipe of degasification unit.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the dialysis machine further comprises an ultrafiltration control chamber, a dialysate filter, and a degassing unit, the dialysate inlet and outlet of the dialyzer are respectively connected with the dialysate filter and the degassing unit, the ultrafiltration control chamber is provided with a first channel and a second channel which are independent from each other, the first channel is respectively connected with the degassing chamber and the dialysate filter through pipelines, a dialysate straight-through valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the first channel and the dialysate filter, the second channel is respectively connected with the degassing unit and the waste liquid discharge pipe through pipelines, the inlet and the outlet of the first channel are respectively communicated with the outlet and the inlet of the second channel through pipelines, and a dialysate bypass valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the outlet of the first channel and the inlet of the second channel, and a zero setting valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the inlet of the first channel and the outlet of the second channel.

Furthermore, still set gradually current limiter, positive displacement pump, blood leakage detector and take the conductivity meter or temperature sensor and the conductivity meter of temperature control on the waste liquid discharge pipe, the degasification unit is including setting up the degasification chamber between the cerini dialyser cerini and the import of second passageway and being used for monitoring the degasification manometer of degasification chamber internal gas pressure, the degasification chamber still through the pipeline with the waste liquid discharge pipe links to each other, the junction of degasification chamber and waste liquid discharge pipe is located between positive displacement pump and the blood leakage detector, the conductivity meter is located the blood leakage detector with between the second passageway of ultrafiltration control room.

Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the dialysis system of the invention adopts a dialysate preparation liquid supply device which can be directly arranged in a dialysis center, and directly uses raw materials of dialysate (such as various raw material powders used by the dialysate) on site to prepare saturated solutions of corresponding raw materials on line, and controls the flow of each flowmeter according to the characteristic that the saturated solutions of the raw materials are a fixed value at a certain temperature, so as to regulate the outflow flow of the saturated solutions of the raw materials, and accurately control the preparation amount of each raw material component, thereby achieving the purpose of accurately preparing the dialysate meeting the treatment requirements, supplying the dialysate for use, effectively reducing intermediate links, leading new pollution risks from the raw materials to the dialyzer, and quickly adjusting the formula proportion of the dialysate according to different treatment requirements.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dialysis machine of an accurate hemodialysis system according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a precision hemodialysis system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a precision hemodialysis system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dialysis machine of the precision hemodialysis system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

in the figure:

1. a charging bucket; 2. a temperature sensor; 3. a conductivity meter; 4. a flow meter; 5. an electromagnetic valve; 6. a vent; 7. diluting and filling; 8. a stirrer; 9. a circulation pump; 10. a pH monitor; 11. a heat exchanger; 12. a filter screen; 13. a pressure gauge; 14. a first pressure regulating valve; 15. a liquid inlet pressure controller; 16. a second pressure regulating valve; 17. a flow switch; 18. a heater; 19. a mixing tank; 20. a storage barrel; 21. a current limiter; 22. an expansion chamber; 23. a degassing pressure controller; 24. a flow pump; 25. a degassing chamber; 26. a pressure protection sensor; 27. an ultrafiltration control chamber; 28. a dialysate bypass valve; 29. a dialysate straight-through valve; 30. a dialysate filter; 31. a dialyzer; 32. a degassing chamber; 33. a blood leakage detector; 34. a liquid discharge pump; 35. a heat exchanger; 37. a raw material storage area; 38. a saturated solution zone; 39. a stirring structure; 201. adding a powder filter screen; 202. a material storage area; 203. adding a powder stirring structure; 204. an additional powder saturated solution area; 205. a water delivery pipeline;

a. a common water pipe; b. a branched water pipe; c. a common infusion tube; d. a branch infusion tube; e. a circulation pipe; f. a vacuum tube; g. a dialysate delivery tube; h. a mixing tube; i. a return pipe; j. and a waste liquid discharge pipe.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to examples of embodiments shown in the drawings to which the invention is attached.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the precision hemodialysis system provided by this embodiment includes a dialysate preparation and supply device 100 for preparing dialysate, and a dialysis machine 200 connected to the dialysate preparation and supply device 100 through a pipeline. It should be noted that the dialysate solution preparing and supplying device 100 for the dialysate system is used to be connected to the dialysis machine through a pipeline, that is, the dialysate solution provided by the dialysate solution preparing and supplying device 100 for the dialysate system is directly used in the dialysis operation of the dialysis machine.

The dialysate solution preparation and supply device 100 includes a preparation mechanism, and the preparation mechanism prepares a saturated solution of corresponding raw material components by separately mixing a plurality of or all raw material components in raw materials used by dialysate with water.

The batching mechanism comprises a plurality of batching units which are connected in parallel and used for respectively batching saturated solution corresponding to raw material components, infusion pipelines which are respectively connected with the batching units to convey the saturated solution in the batching units, flow meters are respectively arranged on infusion pipelines which are respectively connected with the batching units in the infusion pipelines, and the device further comprises control units which are respectively electrically connected with the flow meters 4. The control unit controls the flow meter 4 to control the liquid outlet amount of the saturated solution in each dosing unit, thereby achieving the purpose of accurately preparing the dialysate meeting the treatment requirements.

In addition, compared with a mode of directly proportioning powder or concentrated solution of raw materials, the raw materials are respectively prepared into corresponding saturated solutions. Because the mass fraction contained in the saturated solution is a fixed value and the using amount of the liquid is easy to control, the proportion of each raw material is controlled by controlling the flow of the saturated solution, so that the amount of the raw materials can be more accurately controlled, and the error of the configured dialysate is reduced.

The feeding form of each raw material component for preparing the saturated solution is preferably powder of each raw material component, the dialysate preparation liquid supply device 100 further comprises a water conveying pipeline, the water conveying pipeline is connected with each proportioning unit, the water pipes connected with each proportioning unit in the water conveying pipeline are respectively provided with an electromagnetic valve 5, and each electromagnetic valve 5 is electrically connected with the control unit.

Each batching unit respectively includes storage bucket 1 for depositing each raw and other materials component, is used for installing the cavity of each storage bucket 1 and is used for heating this cavity so that the material keeps the first heating unit under certain temperature in storage bucket 1, and this certain temperature can be 36 ~ 38 ℃, preferably is about 37.5 ℃, more is close to human blood temperature. In this embodiment, a plurality of chambers (not shown) are provided, a charging barrel 1 is correspondingly provided in each chamber, and the first heating units are respectively provided in each chamber to ensure that the temperature of the charging barrel 1 is maintained at about 37.5 ℃, which is closer to the temperature of blood in the human body. Every storage bucket 1 corresponds and sets up a cavity, and the temperature is more stable. The top of each charging basket 1 is also provided with an air vent 6 to prevent negative pressure from being generated in the charging basket 1.

In this example, the raw materials used for the dialysate include sodium chloride dry powder, potassium chloride dry powder, calcium chloride dry powder, magnesium chloride dry powder, citric acid dry powder, and sodium bicarbonate dry powder, and the plurality of dosing units include a sodium chloride dosing unit for preparing a sodium chloride saturated solution, a potassium chloride dosing unit for preparing a potassium chloride saturated solution, a calcium chloride dosing unit for preparing a calcium chloride saturated solution, a magnesium chloride dosing unit for preparing a magnesium chloride saturated solution, a citric acid dosing unit for preparing a citric acid saturated solution, and a sodium bicarbonate dosing unit for preparing a sodium bicarbonate saturated solution.

In this example, the plurality of buckets 1 include a sodium chloride bucket for storing sodium chloride dry powder, a potassium chloride bucket for storing potassium chloride dry powder, a calcium chloride bucket for storing calcium chloride dry powder, a magnesium chloride bucket for storing magnesium chloride dry powder, a citric acid bucket for storing citric acid dry powder, and a sodium bicarbonate bucket for storing sodium bicarbonate dry powder, respectively. The water conveying pipeline comprises a public water pipe a and a plurality of branch water pipes b which are respectively connected between the public water pipe a and each batching unit, wherein each branch water pipe b is respectively provided with an electromagnetic valve 5, in the embodiment, the plurality of branch water pipes b are respectively connected with the tops of a sodium chloride charging basket, a potassium chloride charging basket, a calcium chloride charging basket, a magnesium chloride charging basket, a citric acid charging basket and a sodium bicarbonate charging basket in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and water is introduced into each charging basket 1 through the water conveying pipeline to dissolve corresponding powder in the charging basket 1 so as to prepare saturated solution corresponding to raw material components.

The infusion pipeline comprises a common infusion tube c and a plurality of branch infusion tubes d respectively connected between the common infusion tube c and each batching unit, in the embodiment, the branch infusion tubes d are respectively connected with the bottoms of a sodium chloride charging bucket, a potassium chloride charging bucket, a calcium chloride charging bucket, a magnesium chloride charging bucket, a citric acid charging bucket and a sodium bicarbonate charging bucket in a one-to-one correspondence manner, filter screens 12 are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the sodium chloride charging bucket, the potassium chloride charging bucket, the calcium chloride charging bucket, the magnesium chloride charging bucket, the citric acid charging bucket and the sodium bicarbonate charging bucket, and saturated solution in each charging bucket enters the branch infusion tubes d after being filtered by the filter screens 12.

And a mixing pipe h is also arranged on the common liquid conveying pipe c, and the mixing pipe h adopts the existing mixing pipe with swirl vanes in the pipe, so that the saturated solutions are premixed in the mixing pipe h.

And a flowmeter 4, a temperature sensor 2 for monitoring the temperature of the liquid in the corresponding branch infusion tube d and a conductivity meter 3 for monitoring the conductivity of the liquid in the corresponding branch infusion tube d are respectively arranged on each branch infusion tube d, and the flowmeter 4, the temperature sensor 2 and the conductivity meter 3 are respectively and electrically connected with the control unit.

The batching mechanism can be provided with 2 groups, each group of batching mechanism comprises the sodium chloride batching unit, the potassium chloride batching unit, the calcium chloride batching unit, the magnesium chloride batching unit, the citric acid batching unit and the sodium bicarbonate batching unit, the water conveying pipeline and the liquid conveying pipeline are respectively connected with all batching units, the batching units for preparing the same saturated solution in the 2 groups of batching mechanisms are alternately used, one of the batching units is used for preparing, when one of the batching units is used, the other batching unit is introduced with water in advance (the adopted water is reverse seepage water) and heated to a set value to form a saturated solution, if the electromagnetic valve 5 can be set as a three-way electromagnetic valve, the open circuit of the electromagnetic valve 5 is controlled by the control unit.

The dialysate preparation and supply device 100 further includes a monitoring unit for monitoring the conductivity of the material liquid in each preparation unit and having an alarm function, and the monitoring unit is electrically connected to the control unit. In the charging barrels for preparing the same saturated solution in the 2 groups of proportioning mechanisms, when the conductivity of the feed liquid in one charging barrel in use is monitored to be changed (because the conductivity of the saturated solution of each raw material component at a certain temperature is a fixed value correspondingly), the solute in the charging barrel is close to the completion of dissolution or the completion of dissolution is indicated, the control unit controls the electromagnetic valve to be automatically switched into another standby charging barrel, and sends out a photoelectric alarm signal to the monitoring unit, so that a photoelectric alarm is given, and a worker is reminded to replace the charging barrel in time.

The dialysate distribution and supply device 100 further comprises a heat exchanger 11 disposed on the common water pipe a, so that water introduced into the material barrel 1 is heated to a certain temperature, usually to about 37.5 ℃.

The dialysate distribution and supply device 100 further comprises a disinfection mechanism connected to the water pipeline via a pipeline, specifically, the disinfection mechanism may be a thermal disinfection mechanism or a chemical disinfection mechanism or a combination thereof. After the dialysate is prepared, if equipment such as a proportioning mechanism and the like is not needed, hot water or ozone or other chemical disinfectants without residues are introduced from the inlet of the water conveying pipeline to disinfect and flush the whole system so as to meet the microbial requirements of hemodialysis.

In this embodiment, the dialysate preparation and supply device 100 further includes a dilution tank unit connected to the infusion pipeline, the dilution tank unit includes a dilution tank 7 connected to the common infusion pipe c and having a stirrer 8, a circulation pipe e connected to the dilution tank 7, a circulation pump 9 disposed on the circulation pipe e, and a second heating unit for heating the dilution tank 7 to maintain the feed liquid in the dilution tank 7 at a certain temperature, one end of the circulation pipe e is connected to the bottom of the dilution tank 7, and the other end of the circulation pipe e is connected to the upper portion of the dilution tank 7. The device further comprises a branch water pipe b connected between the common water pipe a and the common infusion pipe c or the dilution tank 7 to pass water to the mixed solution of the saturated solution of each raw material component for dilution to obtain diluted dialysate. In this example, a branch water pipe b is connected to the common liquid pipe c upstream of the mixing pipe h in the flow direction of the liquid in the pipe so that water and each saturated solution are premixed in the mixing pipe h and then enter the dilution tank 7.

The second heating unit heats the dilution tank 7 so that the feed liquid in the dilution tank 7 is kept at about 37.5 ℃, is closer to the blood of a human body, and is used for assisting the mixing and constant temperature of the feed liquid in the dilution tank 7 through the arrangement of the circulating pipe e and the circulating pump 9.

In this example, when the dialysate is used, referring to fig. 2, the dialysate is transported from the dilution tank 7 to each dialysis machine 200 through the dialysate transport pipe g for use, and the dialysate transport pipe g is further provided with a temperature sensor 2 for monitoring the temperature of the material liquid in the pipe, a conductivity meter 3 for monitoring the conductivity of the material liquid in the pipe, a pH detector 10 for monitoring the pH of the material liquid in the pipe, and a flow meter, and the temperature sensor 2, the conductivity meter 3, the pH detector 10, and the flow meter are electrically connected to the control unit, respectively.

A return line i is also provided between the dialysate delivery line g and the dilution tank 7 to maintain a steady supply of dialysate. When the dialysate delivered from the dilution tank 7 is supplied to a plurality of dialyzers, the dialysate flow rate is substantially constant to maintain the stable supply of the dialysate, and the excess dialysate not taken by the dialyzers 200 flows back to the dilution tank 7.

The dilution tank 7 is also connected with a vacuum tube f for vacuumizing, a temperature sensor 2 for monitoring the temperature of the feed liquid in the dilution tank 7 and a barometer 13 for monitoring the air pressure in the dilution tank 7.

In other embodiments, for dialysis centers with large usage and needing redundancy, after the dialysate blending is completed, a liquid storage tank is connected between the dilution tank 7 and the dialysis machine 200, the dialysate is drawn out from the liquid storage tank and supplied to the dialysis machine for use, and a liquid outlet pipe of the liquid storage tank is provided with a temperature sensor, a pH monitor, a conductivity meter and a flow meter.

In other embodiments, the conductivity meter used in the dialysate dispensing and supply device 100 can be a conductivity meter with temperature monitoring, i.e., the conductivity meter can monitor both temperature and conductivity.

The dialysis system of this embodiment can be provided with one or more dialysis machines 200, and the dialysate prepared by the dialysate preparation liquid supply device 100 can be supplied to one dialysis machine 200 or can be used by a plurality of dialysis machines 200 at the same time.

The dialysis machine 200 in this embodiment has a structure different from that of a conventional dialysis machine, and a dilution tank unit for diluting a high-concentration dialysate is not required to be provided inside the dialysis machine in this embodiment, so that the structural design inside the dialysis machine is greatly simplified, and maintenance of the dialysis machine is facilitated.

In this example, referring to fig. 1, the dialysis machine 200 includes a standard dialysate inlet and a waste liquid discharge pipe j, and the dialysate delivery pipe g of the dialysate solution preparation and supply device 100 is communicated with the standard dialysate inlet, and is used for supplying the standard dialysate prepared by the dialysate solution preparation and supply device 100 to the dialyzer 31 of the dialysis machine 200 for use, and discharging the dialysate dialyzed by the dialyzer 31 through the waste liquid discharge pipe j.

This dialysis machine 200 still includes the pressure regulating unit, heating unit, degasification unit, dislysate filter 30 and the degasification unit of connecting in order between standard dislysate entry and waste liquid discharge pipe j through the pipeline, and the pressure regulating unit links to each other with standard dislysate entry and is used for stepping down to the dislysate that gets into from standard dislysate entry, and cerini dialyser 31 is connected between dislysate filter 30 and degasification unit. In this example, the heating unit is a heater 18 for heating the dialysate to a temperature close to the blood temperature of the human body.

The dialysis machine 200 further comprises a heat exchanger 35 disposed on the waste liquid discharge pipe j, the pressure regulating unit comprises a first pressure regulating valve 14, a liquid inlet pressure controller 15 and a second pressure regulating valve 16 which are sequentially connected between the standard dialysate inlet and the heater 18 through pipes, the heat exchanger 35 is further connected between the first pressure regulating valve 14 and the liquid inlet pressure controller 15 through pipes, and the heat exchanger 35 is used for heat exchange between the dialysate subjected to pressure reduction by the first pressure regulating valve 14 and the waste liquid in the waste liquid discharge pipe j, and recycling waste heat of the waste liquid in the waste liquid discharge pipe j. A flow switch 17 is also provided in the connection line between the second pressure regulating valve 16 and the heater 18.

Usually, the dialysate provided by the dialysate preparation and supply device 100 in this embodiment is standard dialysate, which can be used by general dialysis patients, and for some special patients, such as special patients with low sodium, low potassium, and low calcium, it is necessary to add trace ions such as sodium, potassium, or calcium on the basis of the standard dialysate, the dialyzer 200 in this embodiment is provided with a mixing tank 19 between the heater 18 and the degassing unit, and a storage tank 20 for storing single-component concentrate (such as sodium chloride concentrate, calcium chloride concentrate, potassium chloride concentrate, or other component concentrate) is additionally provided, and the storage tank 20 is communicated with the mixing tank 19 through a pipeline, so as to convey the material liquid in the storage tank 20 into the mixing tank 19 to be mixed with the standard dialysate in the tank, and then supply the mixed material liquid to the special patients. Storage vat 20 sets up in the cavity that can keep warm for to the heating of storage vat 20 interior feed liquid and heat preservation. The connecting pipeline between the storage barrel 20 and the mixing tank 19 is also provided with a conductivity meter 3 with temperature monitoring and an electromagnetic valve.

The heater 18 is also in communication with the degassing unit via tubing for the supply of liquid to the general patient. The standard dialysate liquid supply or the special dialysate liquid supply can be selected according to the requirements of specific patients, and the liquid preparation of the special dialysate liquid supply is very convenient and fast through the arrangement of the mixing tank 19 and the storage barrel 20.

The arrangement of the degassing unit, the dialysate filter 30, the dialyzer 31, the degassing unit and the blood leak detector 33 in this example may be the arrangement of an existing dialysis machine.

In this example, the degassing unit includes a flow restrictor 21, an expansion chamber 22, a degassing pressure controller 23, and a degassing chamber 25 connected in series by a pipe, a flow pump 24 is further provided on a connecting pipe between the degassing pressure controller 23 and the degassing chamber 25, the flow restrictor 21 is located between the mixing tank 6 and the expansion chamber 22, and the heater 18 is communicated with the connecting pipe between the mixing tank 6 and the flow restrictor 8 by a pipe.

The dialysis machine 200 further comprises an ultrafiltration control chamber 27, the ultrafiltration control chamber 27 having a first channel and a second channel independent from each other, the first channel of the ultrafiltration control chamber 27 being in communication with the degassing chamber 25 and the dialysate filter 30, respectively, via a pipe, the outlet of the first channel being also in communication with the inlet of the second channel via a pipe and a dialysate bypass valve 28 being provided on the pipe, and a dialysate through valve 29 being provided on the connecting pipe between the first channel and the dialysate filter 30; the inlet of the first channel is also communicated with the outlet of the second channel through a pipeline, and a zero valve is arranged on the pipeline. The second channel of the ultrafiltration control chamber 27 is connected to the degassing unit and the waste liquid discharge pipe j through pipes, respectively.

In this embodiment, a hollow fiber membrane filter is disposed inside the dialysate filter 30, the dialysate filter 30 has a liquid inlet and two liquid outlets, the liquid inlet is communicated with the inside of the hollow fiber membrane, one of the two liquid outlets is communicated with the outside of the hollow fiber membrane, the other is communicated with the inside of the hollow fiber membrane, the two liquid outlets are respectively connected with a dialysate inlet of the dialyzer 31 through a pipeline, and a valve is disposed on a pipeline connecting the liquid outlet communicated with the inside of the hollow fiber membrane and the dialysate inlet of the dialyzer 31.

A temperature-monitored conductivity meter 3 and a pH monitor 10 are further arranged on a dialysate inlet pipe of the degassing unit, the temperature-monitored conductivity meter 3 and a pressure protection sensor 26 are arranged on a connecting pipeline of a first channel of a degassing chamber 25 and an ultrafiltration control chamber 27 of the degassing unit (namely on a dialysate outlet pipe of the degassing unit), the conductivity of the dialysate before and after degassing is compared to detect whether the degassing is consistent, and if the degassing is consistent, the dialysate enters a dialysate filter 30 through a dialysate straight-through valve 29 and enters a dialyzer 31 after being filtered or not; if not, the dialysate is drained through the dialysate bypass valve 28. In particular, a pressure protection sensor 26 is located between the conductivity meter 3 and the ultrafiltration control chamber 27.

In this example, a flow restrictor 21, a drain pump 34, a blood leakage detector 33, and a temperature-monitored conductivity meter 3 are further provided in this order in the waste liquid discharge pipe j. The degassing unit comprises a degassing chamber 32 arranged between the dialyzer 31 and the second channel of the ultrafiltration control chamber 27 and a degassing pressure gauge for monitoring the pressure in the degassing chamber 32, the degassing chamber 32 is used for removing air bubbles in the dialysate after being dialyzed by the dialyzer 31, and an exhaust port of the degassing chamber 32 is connected with a waste liquid discharge pipe j through a pipeline and the connection position is positioned between the liquid discharge pump 34 and the blood leakage detector 33. The conductivity meter 23 on the waste liquid discharge pipe j is located between the blood leak detector 33 and the second channel of the ultrafiltration control chamber 27.

The amount of dehydration of the patient is monitored by monitoring the flow of the flow pump 24 and drain pump 34 while the patient is undergoing a dialysis treatment.

The dialysis machine 200 of this example does not need to set up the dialysate and dilutes a jar unit inside, compares present dialysis machine and simplifies its inner structure greatly, and can also be directed against different patients like ordinary dialysis patient or special dialysis patient, quick, conveniently prepare different dialysate, still can carry out recycle to the waste heat of the dialysis waste liquid after the dialysis.

Alternatively, referring to fig. 3, in other embodiments, the filter screen 12 divides the barrel 1 into a raw material storage area 37 and a saturated solution area 38, and the raw material storage area 37 of the barrel 1 is provided with a stirring structure 39. Due to the arrangement of the stirring structure 39, on one hand, raw materials can be fully contacted with water, so that the raw materials can be dissolved conveniently, and the saturation degree of the solution can be ensured exactly; on the other hand, the raw material can be prevented from hardening, so that the formed saturated solution can more smoothly pass through the filter screen to the saturated solution area 38.

Optionally, in other embodiments, the dialysate dispensing and supplying device for a dialysate system further comprises a liquid concentration sensor for detecting the concentration of liquid in the liquid supply tube connected to each dispensing unit;

or each batching unit comprises a charging basket for storing each raw material component, each liquid conveying pipeline is connected with the bottom of each charging basket, a filter screen is arranged at the bottom of each charging basket, and the liquid in each charging basket enters the liquid conveying pipeline after being filtered by the filter screen; the filter screen divides the charging basket into a raw material storage area and a saturated solution area; the apparatus also includes a liquid concentration sensor to monitor the liquid concentration in the saturated solution region of the barrel.

The setting of liquid concentration sensor can implement the saturation degree of the saturated solution of every saturated solution configuration unit configuration of control to can in time carry out the replenishment of raw and other materials when the raw and other materials in the storage bucket are not enough, thereby the saturation degree of the saturated solution of assurance configuration that can be better.

Further, optionally, the dialysate dispensing and supplying device for the dialysate system further comprises an alarm device. When the liquid concentration monitored by any liquid concentration sensor is less than a preset value, an alarm device can be triggered. Therefore, people can be reminded of the shortage of raw materials in the charging basket more timely, and raw materials can be added more timely.

Still further, optionally, a dialysate dispensing and supply apparatus for a dialysis system includes a control system. When the liquid concentration sensor detects that the liquid concentration is less than the preset value, the control system can also send a signal to the control system of the dialysate preparation and supply device for the dialysis system so as to control the dialysate preparation and supply device for the dialysis system to temporarily stop the liquid preparation operation, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of reduction of the precision of the prepared dialysate caused by the solution unsaturation of a certain raw material.

Optionally, referring to fig. 4, in a further possible embodiment, the dialysis machine further comprises a water duct 205 communicating with the storage vat. The storage barrel 20 stores additional powder. The water flows to the storage barrel 20 through the water pipe 205 to dissolve the additional powder in the storage barrel 20, and is configured into a saturated solution corresponding to the additional powder, so as to form an additional solution corresponding to the additional powder. I.e. the additional solution is a saturated solution corresponding to the additional powder. Because the mass fraction of the solute in the saturated solution is a fixed value and the using amount of the liquid is easy to control, the proportion of the corresponding additional powder in the additional solution is controlled by controlling the flow of the saturated solution, the mass ratio of the additional powder in the added additional solution can be more accurately controlled, and different requirements of different patients can be better met.

Further, an additional powder filter screen 201 is arranged in the storage tank 20, and the storage tank 20 is divided into a storage area 202 and an additional powder saturated solution area 204 by the additional powder filter screen 201. The storage area 202 is connected with a water pipeline 205, and the additional powder saturated solution area 204 is connected with a mixing tank through a pipeline. Thereby avoiding the additional powder which is not dissolved by water from flowing to the mixing tank, and controlling the mass ratio of the additional powder added into the mixing tank more accurately.

Further, the storage area 202 of the storage bin 20 is provided with an additional fluff mixing structure 203. Through the setting of additional powder rabbling mechanism 203, on the one hand, avoid the additional powder in the storage vat 20 to harden, and then avoid the waste of additional powder, and the additional solution of assurance that can be better is the saturated condition, can also make the additional solution can be more smooth and easy pass additional powder filter screen 201.

Optionally, in other embodiments, the dialysis machine further comprises a liquid concentration sensor to detect the liquid concentration of each additional solution. The saturation degree of each additional solution of liquid concentration sensor's setting, can real time monitoring to can in time carry out the replenishment of raw and other materials when the raw and other materials in the storage vat are not enough, thereby the saturation degree of the additional solution of assurance that can be better.

Further, optionally, the dialysis machine further comprises an alarm device. When the liquid concentration monitored by any liquid concentration sensor is less than a preset value, an alarm device can be triggered. Therefore, people can be reminded more timely that the additional powder in the storage barrel is insufficient, and the additional powder can be added more timely.

Still further, optionally, the dialysis machine further comprises a control system. When the liquid concentration sensor monitors that the liquid concentration is less than the preset value, the control system can also send a signal to the control system of the dialysis machine so as to control the dialysis machine to temporarily stop the dialysis operation, thereby avoiding that the error of the mass ratio of the additional powder in the dialysis liquid is larger due to the fact that the solution of the additional solution is not saturated.

The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (16)

1. The utility model provides an accurate hemodialysis system, is including being used for preparing the dislysate of dislysate to join in marriage liquid and supply the liquid device and with the dialysis machine that the device passes through the pipeline and links to each other, the device includes batching mechanism, its characterized in that: the device comprises a dialysis fluid, a dosing mechanism and a control unit, wherein the dosing mechanism is used for mixing a plurality of or all raw material components in raw materials used by the dialysis fluid with water respectively and independently to prepare saturated solutions corresponding to the raw material components, the dosing mechanism comprises a plurality of dosing units which are arranged in parallel and used for preparing the saturated solutions corresponding to the raw material components respectively and infusion pipelines which are connected with the dosing units respectively, flow meters are arranged on infusion pipelines which are connected with the dosing units respectively in the infusion pipelines, and the control unit is electrically connected with the flow meters respectively.

2. The precision hemodialysis system of claim 1, wherein: the feeding form of each raw material component for preparing the saturated solution is powder of each raw material component, the device further comprises a water conveying pipeline, the water conveying pipeline is connected with each batching unit, electromagnetic valves are respectively arranged on water pipes in the water conveying pipeline, the water pipes are respectively connected with the batching units, and each electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the control unit.

3. The precision hemodialysis system of claim 2, wherein: each batching unit comprises a charging bucket for storing each raw material component, a chamber for installing each charging bucket and a first heating unit for heating the chamber to keep the materials in the charging bucket at a certain temperature, the water conveying pipeline and the liquid conveying pipeline are respectively connected with each charging bucket, and water is introduced into each charging bucket through the water conveying pipeline to dissolve the powder of the corresponding raw material component in the charging bucket so as to prepare a saturated solution of the corresponding raw material component.

4. The precision hemodialysis system of claim 2, wherein: each batching unit comprises a charging basket for storing each raw material component, the liquid conveying pipeline is connected with the bottom of each charging basket respectively, a filter screen is arranged at the bottom of each charging basket respectively, and the liquid in each charging basket enters the liquid conveying pipeline after being filtered by the filter screen; the filter screen divides the charging basket into a raw material storage area and a saturated solution area; the raw material storage area of the charging bucket is provided with a stirring structure.

5. The precision hemodialysis system of claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a liquid concentration sensor used for detecting the concentration of liquid in the liquid conveying pipe connected with each ingredient unit;

or each batching unit comprises a charging basket for storing each raw material component, each liquid conveying pipeline is connected with the bottom of each charging basket, a filter screen is arranged at the bottom of each charging basket, and the liquid in each charging basket enters the liquid conveying pipeline after being filtered by the filter screen; the filter screen divides the charging basket into a raw material storage area and a saturated solution area; the apparatus also includes a liquid concentration sensor to monitor a liquid concentration of a saturated solution region of the barrel.

6. The precision hemodialysis system of claim 5, wherein: the device further comprises an alarm device; when the liquid concentration monitored by any one of the liquid concentration sensors is less than a preset value, the alarm device can be triggered.

7. The precision hemodialysis system of claim 2, wherein: the batching mechanism sets up 2 groups, and each group batching mechanism is including a plurality of batching units that are used for preparing respectively the saturated solution that corresponds raw and other materials component, hydraulic pipeline, infusion pipeline link to each other with all batching units respectively, 2 groups prepare the same kind of saturated solution in the batching mechanism batching unit is used in turn.

8. The precision hemodialysis system of claim 2, wherein: the device also comprises a disinfection mechanism, wherein the disinfection mechanism is connected with the water conveying pipeline through a pipeline, and the disinfection mechanism is a heat disinfection mechanism and/or a chemical disinfection mechanism.

9. The precision hemodialysis system of claim 2, wherein: the device also comprises a heat exchanger which is arranged on the water conveying pipeline and used for heating the batching water.

10. The precision hemodialysis system of claim 2, wherein: the infusion pipeline comprises a common infusion tube, a mixing tube arranged on the common infusion tube and a plurality of branch infusion tubes respectively connected between the common infusion tube and each batching unit, and the flow meter is respectively arranged on each branch infusion tube.

11. The precision hemodialysis system of claim 10, wherein: each branch infusion tube is also respectively provided with a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the material liquid in the corresponding branch infusion tube and a conductivity meter for monitoring the conductivity of the material liquid in the corresponding branch infusion tube, or each branch infusion tube is also respectively provided with a conductivity meter with temperature monitoring, the device also comprises a monitoring unit which is used for monitoring the conductivity of the material liquid in each batching unit and has an alarm function, and the monitoring unit is electrically connected with the control unit.

12. The precision hemodialysis system of claim 1, wherein: the raw materials used by the dialysate comprise sodium chloride powder, potassium chloride powder, calcium chloride powder, magnesium chloride powder, citric acid powder or acetate powder and sodium bicarbonate powder, and the plurality of the batching units comprise a sodium chloride batching unit for preparing a sodium chloride saturated solution, a potassium chloride batching unit for preparing a potassium chloride saturated solution, a calcium chloride batching unit for preparing a calcium chloride saturated solution, a magnesium chloride batching unit for preparing a magnesium chloride saturated solution, an acid batching unit for preparing a citric acid saturated solution or an acetate saturated solution and a sodium bicarbonate batching unit for preparing a sodium bicarbonate saturated solution.

13. The precision hemodialysis system of any one of claims 1-12, wherein: the dialysis machine include with the dialysate is joined in marriage the standard dialysate entry that the infusion pipeline of liquid supply device passes through the pipeline intercommunication, waste liquid discharge pipe, and is connected in order through the pipeline pressure regulating unit, heating element and the degasification unit between standard dialysate entry and the waste liquid discharge pipe, by the standard dialysate warp that the device provided the standard dialysate entry warp in proper order after getting into pressure regulating unit, heating element and degasification unit are handled, and the dialysate after the processing supplies with the dialyzer dialysis and uses, warp the dialysate waste liquid warp after the dialyzer dialysis uses waste liquid discharge pipe.

14. The precision hemodialysis system of claim 13, wherein: the device is still including connecting dilution jar unit between infusion pipeline and the dialysis machine, dilution jar unit include with the infusion pipeline links to each other dilution jar, connection that have the agitator, connect circulating pipe, setting on the dilution jar are in circulating pump on the circulating pipe and be used for right the dilution jar heats the messenger feed liquid keeps the second heating unit at the uniform temperature in the dilution jar, feed liquid passes through the pipeline transport extremely in the dilution jar standard dialysate entry.

15. The precision hemodialysis system of claim 13, wherein: the dialysis machine further comprises a storage barrel and a mixing tank connected between the heating unit and the degassing unit through a pipeline, the storage barrel is connected with the mixing tank through a pipeline so as to feed materials into the mixing tank, a connecting pipeline between the storage barrel and the mixing tank is respectively provided with a conductivity meter and an electromagnetic valve with temperature monitoring, or a connecting pipeline between the storage barrel and the mixing tank is also respectively provided with a temperature sensor, a conductivity meter and an electromagnetic valve; the heating unit is also communicated with the degassing unit through a pipeline.

16. The precision hemodialysis system of claim 13, wherein: the dialysis machine is still including setting up heat exchanger on the waste liquid discharge pipe, the pressure regulating unit includes and connects in order through the pipeline first air-vent valve, feed liquor pressure controller and the second air-vent valve between standard dislysate entry and the heating element, heat exchanger still connects between first air-vent valve and the feed liquor pressure controller, heat exchanger is used for the warp the heat exchange of waste liquid in dislysate behind the first air-vent valve and the waste liquid discharge pipe.

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