CN112841131A - Method for researching crude protein feed limitation of laying hens in early stage of laying - Google Patents
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- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N (D)-(+)-Pantothenic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 6
- LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxine Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241000272814 Anser sp. Species 0.000 description 3
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- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 description 3
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- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940055726 pantothenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000019161 pantothenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011713 pantothenic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000008160 pyridoxine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 229940011671 vitamin b6 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 206010000496 acne Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 210000001082 somatic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of laying hen production, and particularly relates to a crude protein feed limitation research method for improving the uniformity of laying hens in the early stage of production. According to the research method, crude protein feed limitation is performed to different degrees in two stages of 6-12 weeks old and 12-15 weeks old of laying hens, the population uniformity is used as a first limiting factor, and the body weight is used as a second limiting factor to perform data analysis, so that the optimal crude protein feed limitation method is determined. The research method is more accurate and reliable, can be suitable for any laying hen mating parent group and propagation expanding group, and provides favorable technical support for laying hen production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laying hen production, and particularly relates to a method for researching crude protein feed limitation of laying hens in the early stage of laying.
Background
The protein is an important material basis of all lives and is an important component for forming the somatic cells of the poultry, so the protein plays an important role in the growth and development of the poultry. At present, a great deal of research has shown that the level of crude protein in daily ration has significant changes in various aspects such as the body weight gain, feed intake, feed-meat ratio and death and culling rate of poultry. The Heilan grey laying hens aged 21-34 weeks are fed with different metabolic energies and coarse protein daily rations such as Pashengyong (2012) and the like, and the result shows that the average egg weight of the laying hens in the whole period (21-34 weeks old) is remarkably reduced along with the reduction of the coarse protein level of the feeds. The feed of Chenguanjun (2012) and the like with 4 different crude protein level gradients of 14.0%, 15.5%, 17.0% and 18.5% is used for feeding Luxi fighting chicken, and researches show that the laying rate and the laying amount of the Luxi fighting chicken are remarkably improved and the feed-egg ratio is remarkably reduced along with the increase of the crude protein level of the daily ration. When the daily ration energy level is 12.50MJ/kg, the influence of high-protein (17.05%, 18.01% and 19.01%) daily ration on the daily gain of Wenchang chickens of 31-80 weeks old is obviously higher than that of low-protein (16.02%) daily ration (leaf Bao nationality, etc., 2011). Yang Hui et al (2012) study an optimal amino acid model and an optimal low protein level for production of the Hailan brown laying hens, and as a result, the result shows that the production performance of the Hailan brown laying hens can be optimized by feeding 16.5% of crude protein daily ration, and different crude protein levels have obvious influence on the laying rate, the average egg weight and the feed-egg ratio of the Hailan brown laying hens. Dingjunhui et al (2017) study the influence of different levels of daily ration on the production performance of the sheldrake, and the results show that different crude protein levels can obviously influence the laying rate of the sheldrake.
However, there have been some studies that different crude protein levels have no significant effect on feed intake, body weight gain, etc. of poultry, especially chickens in some locations. For example, Qinpeng (2001), etc., fed 23 weeks old Isha brown laying hens with different crude protein levels (15.0%, 16.0%, 17.0%) resulted in no change in laying rate, feed intake and average egg weight average and therefore we also needed intensive research and discovery of the mechanism of effect of crude protein levels on poultry. Royal comedo etc. (2017) uses 4-week-old Roman goose as test material, researches the influence of the level of energy and protein in the daily ration on the production performance and slaughtering performance of Roman goose, and finds that different crude protein levels have no significant influence on the production performance, slaughtering performance and nutrient digestibility of Roman goose.
Based on the research, an accurate and reliable crude protein feed limitation research method is provided, and the method has important significance for the laying hen production field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for researching crude protein feed limitation of laying hens in the early stage of laying, which is used for carrying out crude protein feed limitation with different degrees in two stages of 6-12 weeks old and 12-15 weeks old of the laying hens, and carrying out data analysis by taking group uniformity as a first limiting factor and taking body weight as a second limiting factor so as to determine the optimal crude protein feed limitation method. The research method is more accurate and reliable, can be suitable for any laying hen mating parent group and propagation expanding group, and provides favorable technical support for laying hen production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for researching crude protein feed limitation of laying hens in the early stage of laying, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting 6-week-old hens with good body conditions and close body weights, randomly grouping the hens into a control group and a test group, and setting a plurality of repetitions in each group; crude protein limited feeding is carried out at different degrees in two stages of 6-12 weeks old and 12-15 weeks old, wherein the test group and the free feeding group are fed with the same amount of laying hens; after 15 weeks, transferring the chickens into individual egg laying cages by taking repetition as a unit, wherein all the chickens only feed freely and are subjected to unified feeding management;
(2) recording the health condition of the chickens every day at the age of 6-24 weeks, and counting the weekly feed intake of returned feed at the end of each week; weighing individuals and counting the weight variation coefficient;
(3) counting the difference significance of the weight and the weight variation coefficient of each group of laying hens;
(4) analyzing the statistical result of the step (3), taking the weight uniformity as a first limiting factor, comprehensively analyzing the variation coefficient of each week age, and determining the quality;
(5) analyzing the statistical result of the step (3), and analyzing the significant difference between the weight of the laying hens and the weight of the free feeding group after the free feeding of each test group by taking the weight as a second limiting factor;
(6) and (5) comprehensively analyzing the results obtained in the steps 5 and 6 to determine the most appropriate crude protein feed limiting method.
Further, in the stage of 6-12 weeks old in the step (1), the crude protein level of the control group of laying hens is 17.5-19%; each group of the experimental group is studied by setting a gradient within the range of 12.5-16.5% of the crude protein level.
Further, in the step (1), the crude protein level of the control group laying hens is 15-16% at the age of 12-15 weeks; each group of the experimental group is studied by setting a gradient within the range of 12.5-14.5% of the crude protein level.
Further, in step (1), each group has at least 6 repetitions, and each repetition has at least 30 chickens.
Further, SPSS software is adopted in the step (3) to count the difference significance of the weight and the weight variation coefficient of the laying hens of each group.
Further, in the step (4), the smaller the variation coefficient is, the better the population uniformity is, and the test group with the smaller variation coefficient is selected.
Further, in the step (5), a test group with the laying hen weight not significantly different from that of the free feeding group is selected.
Further, in step (6), the energy feeding limitation parameters of the test groups meeting the requirements of steps (4) and (5) are simultaneously selected, namely the most suitable crude protein feeding limitation method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the research method, crude protein feed limitation is performed to different degrees in two stages of 6-12 weeks old and 12-15 weeks old of laying hens, the population uniformity is used as a first limiting factor, and the body weight is used as a second limiting factor to perform data analysis, so that the optimal crude protein feed limitation method is determined. And the research method is based on the minimum requirement of the population scale, and the obtained result is more accurate and reliable. The research method can be suitable for any laying hen mating parent group and propagation expanding group, and the invention provides favorable technical support for laying hen production.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Examples
A method for researching crude protein feed limitation of laying hens in the early stage of production, which comprises the following steps:
(1) 1300 hens of 1-day-old Hailan brown laying hens from the same batch of breeding hens are selected, worn with wing numbers, weighed as birth weight and fed to 6 weeks old. And (5) freely eating and drinking water and performing conventional feeding management when the chicken are 0 to 6 weeks old. At 6 weeks of age, 1080 hens with good body condition and weight close to that of the hens were selected.
(2) 1080 hens were randomly divided into 6 groups of 6 replicates each, with 30 replicates each. The laying hens in the control group are fed with feed with crude protein level of 17.5% at 6-12 weeks of age, and the crude protein levels of the other 4 groups of feed are respectively 16.5, 15.5, 14.5, 13.5 and 12.5%, and the specific ingredients are shown in Table 1.
Table 16-12 weeks old diet composition and nutritional levels (air-dried basis)
1The premix is provided for each kilogram of feed: VA 8800IU, VD3 3300IU，VE 60IU，VK3 1.2mg，VB11.7mg，VB25.5mg, pantothenic acid 8mg, nicotinic acid 30mg, pyridoxine 1.2mg, biotin 55 μ g, folic acid 0.9mg, VB12 23μg，Mn 90mg，Fe 60mg，Cu 8mg，Zn 80mg，I 1.0mg，Se 0.3mg。
The laying hens in the control group are fed with feed with crude protein level of 15.5% at 12-15 weeks of age, and the crude protein levels of the other 5 groups of feed are 14.5, 14.0, 13.5, 13.0 and 12.5% respectively, and the specific components are shown in Table 2.
Table 212-15 weeks old diet composition and nutritional level (air-dry basis)
1The premix is provided for each kilogram of feed: VA 8800IU, VD3 3300IU，VE 60IU，VK3 1.2mg，VB11.7mg，VB25.5mg, pantothenic acid 8mg, nicotinic acid 30mg, pyridoxine 1.2mg, biotin 55 μ g, folic acid 0.9mg, VB12 23μg，Mn 90mg，Fe 60mg，Cu 8mg，Zn 80mg，I 1.0mg，Se 0.3mg。
The metabolism energy level of feed poultry of each group is 2850kcal/kg at the age of 6-15 weeks, the other nutrition levels are the same, the laying hens in the control group eat freely, and the feeding amount of the laying hens in the other 5 groups is the same as that of the control group. After 15 weeks, the chickens are transferred into individual egg laying cages by taking repetition as a unit, all the chickens are fed freely and are bred and managed uniformly, and specific nutritional ingredients of the feed are shown in table 3.
Table 318-28 week old diet composition and nutrition level (air dry basis)
1The premix is provided for each kilogram of feed: VA 8800IU, VD3 3300 IU，VE 60 IU，VK3 1.2 mg，VB11.7 mg，VB25.5mg, pantothenic acid 8mg, nicotinic acid 30mg, pyridoxine 1.2mg, biotin 55 μ g, folic acid 0.9mg, VB12 23μg，Mn 90mg，Fe 60mg，Cu 8mg，Zn 80mg，I 1.0mg，Se 0.3mg。
3.6 to 24 weeks old, recording the health condition of the chickens every day, and counting the weekly feed intake of returned feed at the end of each week. 12. Weighing the individuals at the end of 15, 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24 weeks, and counting the weight variation coefficient to serve as an indirect evaluation index of population uniformity.
And 4, SPSS counts the difference significance of the weight and the weight variation coefficient of each group of laying hens, and the results are shown in tables 4 and 5.
5. And (4) analyzing the statistical result of the step (4), taking the weight uniformity as a first limiting factor, and comprehensively analyzing the variation coefficient of the weight of each week age, wherein the specific result is shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 influence of crude protein feed restriction on the body weight variation coefficient of 6-to 24-week-old layers
As can be seen from Table 4, the variation coefficient of body weight of the laying hens is remarkably reduced along with the increase of the feed-limiting intensity of crude protein, and the difference lasts to 22 weeks old. The result shows that the feed limitation of crude protein of 8-15 weeks old can reduce the variation coefficient of the body weight of laying hens at the early stage of laying, and the stronger the feed limitation strength is, the smaller the variation coefficient is, and the better the population uniformity is.
6. The statistical results of step 4 were analyzed, and the body weights at each week's age were analyzed in combination with the body weight as the second limiting factor, and the results are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 Effect of crude protein feed restriction on body weight of 6 to 24 week old layers
As can be seen from table 5, after 4 weeks of crude protein gavage (12 weeks old), layer body weight decreased significantly with reduced crude protein levels, and this significant difference lasted to 20 weeks old. At the age of 20 weeks, the weights of the two groups of laying hens which are strictly fed by crude protein in a limited way are still obviously different from those of the free-feeding group.
7. The results obtained by the steps 5 and 6 are comprehensively analyzed, so that the metabolism energy level of the laying hens at the age of 6-15 weeks is 2850kcal/kg, the crude protein level is 14.5% (6-12 weeks old) and 13.5% (12-15 weeks old) of the feed respectively, the uniformity of the laying hens at the early stage of production can be obviously improved, and the weight of the laying hens is not adversely affected.
For review, the feed restriction method with crude protein levels of 14.5% (6 to 12 weeks old) and 13.5% (12 to 15 weeks old) at 6 to 15 weeks old, respectively, is the most suitable crude protein feed restriction method, and the crude protein intake restriction amount for each week old is shown in table 6.
TABLE 66 to 24 weeks old groups of layers with crude protein intake (g/day)
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for researching crude protein feed limitation of laying hens in the early stage of laying is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting 6-week-old hens with good body conditions and close body weights, randomly grouping the hens into a control group and a test group, and setting a plurality of repetitions in each group; crude protein limited feeding is carried out at different degrees in two stages of 6-12 weeks old and 12-15 weeks old, wherein the test group and the free feeding group are fed with the same amount of laying hens; after 15 weeks, transferring the chickens into individual egg laying cages by taking repetition as a unit, wherein all the chickens only feed freely and are subjected to unified feeding management;
(2) recording the health condition of the chickens every day at the age of 6-24 weeks, and counting the weekly feed intake of returned feed at the end of each week; weighing individuals and counting the weight variation coefficient;
(3) counting the difference significance of the weight and the weight variation coefficient of each group of laying hens;
(4) analyzing the statistical result of the step (3), taking the weight uniformity as a first limiting factor, comprehensively analyzing the variation coefficient of each week age, and determining the quality;
(5) analyzing the statistical result of the step (3), and analyzing the significant difference between the weight of the laying hens and the weight of the free feeding group after the free feeding of each test group by taking the weight as a second limiting factor;
(6) and (5) comprehensively analyzing the results obtained in the steps 5 and 6 to determine the most appropriate crude protein feed limiting method.
2. The crude protein feed restriction research method according to claim 1, wherein the crude protein level fed to the control group of laying hens at the 6-12 week old stage in the step (1) is within the range of 17.5-19%; each group of the experimental group is studied by setting a gradient within the range of 12.5-16.5% of the crude protein level.
3. The crude protein feed restriction research method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the crude protein level fed to the control group of laying hens is in the range of 15-16% at the age of 12-15 weeks; each group of the experimental group is studied by setting a gradient within the range of 12.5-14.5% of the crude protein level.
4. The crude protein feed restriction study according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), each group has at least 6 replicates, and each replicate chicken has at least 30 or more chickens.
5. The method for studying crude protein feed limitation according to claim 1, wherein SPSS software is used in step (3) to count the body weight and the difference significance of the body weight variation coefficient of each group of laying hens.
6. The crude protein feed restriction research method according to claim 1, wherein in step (4), the smaller the variation coefficient, the better the population uniformity, and the smaller the variation coefficient, the test group is selected.
7. The crude protein feed restriction study method according to claim 1, wherein a test group requiring no significant difference in body weight of laying hens from an earlier free feeding group is selected in step (5).
8. The crude protein feed restriction research method according to claim 1, wherein in step (6), the energy feed restriction parameters of the test group meeting the requirements of steps (4) and (5) are simultaneously selected, i.e. the most suitable crude protein feed restriction method.
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