CN112838245A - Fuel cell humidifier device, fuel cell system and humidification processing method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell humidifier device, fuel cell system and humidification processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112838245A CN112838245A CN202011639187.1A CN202011639187A CN112838245A CN 112838245 A CN112838245 A CN 112838245A CN 202011639187 A CN202011639187 A CN 202011639187A CN 112838245 A CN112838245 A CN 112838245A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
- H01M8/2485—Arrangements for sealing external manifolds; Arrangements for mounting external manifolds around a stack
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell humidifier device, a fuel cell system and a humidification processing method thereof, the humidifier device comprises a shell, a hollow fiber membrane tube, a diaphragm and an end cap, wherein a first air inlet and a first air outlet of humid gas are arranged on the same side of two ends of the shell, the middle through fiber membrane tubes have different diameters, are positioned in the shell, the diaphragm divides the shell into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the upper cavity is internally provided with the hollow fiber membrane tube suitable for the circulation of the dry gas, the lower cavity is internally provided with the hollow fiber membrane tube suitable for the circulation of the humid gas, the middle of the membrane is uniformly distributed with a plurality of micropores, the humid gas is suitable for entering the upper cavity from the lower cavity through the micropores, and the end cap is provided with a second gas inlet and a second gas outlet of the dry gas. The invention designs a novel structure, and solves the problem that the operation of the fuel cell is influenced by accumulated water easily generated by the existing physical humidifier.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy, in particular to a fuel cell humidifier device, a fuel cell system and a humidification processing method thereof.
Background
In the fuel cell system, the debugging of the air humidity is also important during the test process, and one of the components which have important influence on the air humidity is the humidifier. Through the humidifier, the humidity of the air of the fuel cell stack can be adjusted, so that the service life of the fuel cell stack is prolonged.
However, the humidifier in the current test bed is a physical humidifier, the physical humidifier is easy to generate water accumulation, the accumulated water is easy to make the relative humidity of the air entering the stack higher than a corresponding value, so that the water balance inside each single-chip cell is broken, the water flooding inside the stack can be generated in serious cases, the running performance of the single-chip fuel cell is reduced, and the output power and the running of the fuel cell stack are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell humidifier device, a fuel cell system and a humidification processing method thereof, which are used for solving the problem that the operation of a fuel cell is influenced because water is easy to accumulate in the existing physical humidifier.
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a fuel cell humidifier apparatus including:
the shell comprises a head end, a tail end corresponding to the head end and positioned on the opposite side of the head end, and a first air inlet and a first air outlet, wherein the first air inlet and the first air outlet are provided with humid air at the same side of the two ends;
the middle through fiber membrane tube is positioned in the shell, and two ends of the middle through fiber membrane tube are respectively positioned at the head end and the tail end of the shell;
the diaphragm divides the shell into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the upper cavity is internally provided with the hollow fiber membrane tube suitable for dry gas to circulate, the lower cavity is internally provided with the hollow fiber membrane tube suitable for wet gas to circulate, the middle of the diaphragm is uniformly provided with a plurality of micropores, and the wet gas is suitable for entering the upper cavity from the lower cavity through the micropores;
the end cap, the end cap respectively with the shell the head end with tail end connection to be provided with dry gaseous second air inlet and second gas outlet, the second air inlet of end cap with the gas of second gas outlet of end cap is linked together.
Furthermore, a water outlet is formed in the middle of the bottom of the shell and connected with a water drainage pipeline, an electromagnetic valve and an electric heating piece are sequentially arranged on the water drainage pipeline, and the other end of the water drainage pipeline is connected to the middle of the top of the shell.
Furthermore, the middle-through fiber membrane tube in the upper cavity has a small middle tube diameter and large tube diameters at two ends, so that the flow velocity of the drying gas is suitable for becoming fast at a position with a large tube diameter and becoming slow at a position with a small tube diameter.
Furthermore, the middle-through fiber membrane tube in the lower cavity has a large middle tube diameter and small tube diameters at two ends, so that the flow velocity of the humid gas is suitable for becoming fast at a position with a large tube diameter and becoming slow at a position with a small tube diameter.
Further, the membrane is a permeable membrane.
Furthermore, the dry gas inlet and the wet inlet are respectively arranged at two sides of the shell, and the dry gas outlet and the wet outlet are also respectively arranged at two sides of the shell, so that the flow directions of the gas or the liquid in the dry gas flow channel and the wet gas flow channel are in reverse flow.
The invention also provides a fuel cell system which is provided with the fuel cell humidifier device, wherein the second air outlet is communicated to the fuel cell stack through a connecting pipeline, and the inclination angle of the connecting pipeline is 30 degrees.
Further, the fuel cell humidifier device is arranged below the fuel cell stack and is 48-52 cm away from the fuel cell stack.
Furthermore, valve bodies are arranged on the air inlet pipeline and the air outlet pipeline of the dry gas and the air inlet pipeline and the air outlet pipeline of the wet gas, and the opening and closing of the valve bodies and the switching of the flow rate are controlled by a controller.
The invention also provides a humidification processing method based on the fuel cell humidifier device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the oxygen in the reaction gas is combined with the hydrogen protons transferred from the hydrogen side during the operation of the fuel cell to generate a large amount of water, and the water is mixed in the reacted gas in the form of water vapor and liquid water;
step 2: when the reacted gas enters the fuel cell humidifier device through a reaction gas inlet and passes through the middle position of the diaphragm for heat exchange, a part of gaseous water in the lower cavity enters the upper cavity through the micropores of the diaphragm to humidify the dry gas;
and step 3: when the fuel cell stack needs high-power output, gas after compression cooling is injected into the reaction gas inlet, water can be transmitted to dry air in a concentration difference mode at the moment, accumulated water at the bottom of the lower cavity is discharged through the water outlet and the water discharge pipeline, the electromagnetic valve and the electric heating sheet are controlled to enable the accumulated water to be changed into gaseous water again and return to the upper cavity, and the dry gas is humidified.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the fuel cell humidifier device changes the position of the original humidifier, the original vertically arranged humidifier is designed into a horizontal humidifier device, a water discharge pipeline and an electromagnetic valve control switch are added on the basis of connection of air pipelines of the original humidifier, the humidifier is lower than a fuel cell stack, the inclination angle of the pipeline through which air is discharged from the humidifier to the fuel cell stack is 30 degrees, the situation that a large amount of liquid water and impurities are accumulated in the air pipeline after the test process is finished and enter the inside of a cell in the second stack starting process to irreparably damage a proton exchange membrane is avoided, due to the height of the position, the liquid water can flow into the humidifier along the pipeline and then be discharged by the added pipeline, and the pipeline is connected to a tail discharge pipe and is discharged along with corresponding waste gas.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure and operation principle of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a humidifier apparatus for a fuel cell in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a hollow fiber membrane tube positioned in the upper cavity according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a hollow fiber membrane tube positioned in the upper cavity according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a humidifier apparatus housing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-shell, 11-first air inlet, 12-first air outlet, 13-water outlet, 14-sealing gasket, 15-electromagnetic valve, 16-electric heating piece, 17-electronic pump, 2-middle through fiber membrane tube, 21-upper chamber, 22-lower chamber, 23-upper fiber membrane tube, 24-lower fiber membrane tube, 3-diaphragm, 31-micropore, 4-end cap, 41-second air inlet, 42-second air outlet, 43-left end cap, 44-right end cap, 5-connecting pipeline, 6-air compressor, 7-fuel cell stack.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", and the like in the embodiments indicate orientation words, which are used for simplifying the description of positional relationships based on the drawings of the specification, and do not represent that elements, devices, and the like which are referred to must operate according to specific orientations and defined operations and methods, configurations in the specification, and such orientation terms do not constitute limitations of the present invention.
The humidifier in the existing test bed is a physical humidifier, the physical humidifier is easy to accumulate water, the accumulated water is easy to enable the relative humidity of air entering a stack to be higher than a corresponding numerical value, the water balance inside each single-chip cell is broken, the water flooding condition inside the stack can happen seriously, the running performance of the single-chip fuel cell is reduced, and therefore the output power and the running of the fuel cell stack are influenced.
To solve the above technical problems, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell humidifier apparatus, including:
the device comprises a shell 1, wherein the shell 1 comprises a head end, a tail end corresponding to the head end and positioned on the opposite side of the head end, and a first air inlet 11 and a first air outlet 12, wherein the first air inlet and the first air outlet are provided with humid gas at the same side of the two ends, and two ends of the shell 1 are respectively provided with a sealing gasket 14;
the middle through fiber membrane tube 2 has different diameters, the middle through fiber membrane tube 2 is positioned inside the shell 1, and two ends of the middle through fiber membrane tube 2 are respectively positioned at the head end and the tail end of the shell 1;
the diaphragm 3, the diaphragm 3 divides the outer casing 1 into an upper chamber 21 and a lower chamber 22, the upper chamber 21 is internally provided with a hollow fiber membrane tube 2 suitable for dry gas circulation, the lower chamber 22 is internally provided with a hollow fiber membrane tube 2 suitable for wet gas circulation, a plurality of micropores 31 are uniformly distributed in the middle of the diaphragm 3, and the wet gas is suitable for entering the upper chamber 21 from the lower chamber 22 through the micropores 31;
end cap 4, end cap 4 are connected with the head end and the tail end of shell 1 respectively to be provided with dry gas's second air inlet and 41 and second gas outlet 42, the second air inlet 41 of end cap 4 is linked together with the gas of the second gas outlet 42 of end cap 4, and end cap 4 includes left end cap 43 and right end cap 44 in this embodiment, the fixed both ends that set up at shell 1 respectively. Wherein the second air inlets and 41 are connected with the air compressor 6 through pipelines, and the second air outlet 42 is connected with the fuel cell stack 7 through the connecting pipeline 5.
Specifically, a water outlet 13 is formed in the middle of the bottom of the housing 1, the water outlet 13 is connected with a water discharge pipeline, an electromagnetic valve 15 and an electric heating piece 16 are sequentially arranged on the water discharge pipeline, and the other end of the water discharge pipeline is connected to the middle of the top of the housing 1. As shown in fig. 1, the water discharge pipeline is further provided with an electronic pump 17 for pumping water, and the water discharge pipeline is provided with an electric heating sheet 16 for heating and evaporating the accumulated water, and the evaporated water vapor returns to the upper cavity to humidify the dry gas.
Specifically, the hollow fiber membrane tube 2 in the upper cavity has a small middle tube diameter and large tube diameters at two ends, so that the flow velocity of the drying gas is increased at a position with a large tube diameter and is decreased at a position with a small tube diameter.
Specifically, the middle through fiber membrane tube 2 in the lower cavity has a large middle tube diameter and small tube diameters at two ends, so that the flow velocity of the humid gas is suitable for becoming fast at a position with a large tube diameter and becoming slow at a position with a small tube diameter.
Referring to fig. 3-4, an upper fiber membrane tube 23 is arranged in parallel in the upper chamber 21, a lower fiber membrane tube 24 is arranged in parallel in the lower chamber 22, the middle tube diameter of the upper fiber membrane tube 23 is small, the tube diameters of the two ends are large, and the drying gas is suitable for the drying gas to flow faster at the position with large tube diameter and slower at the position with small tube diameter; the middle pipe diameter of the lower fiber membrane pipe 24 is large, and the pipe diameters of the two ends are small, so that the lower fiber membrane pipe is suitable for humidifying the dry gas at the position where the pipe diameter is large by the humid gas.
In particular, the membrane 3 is a permeable membrane.
Specifically, the dry gas inlet and the wet inlet are respectively disposed at two sides of the housing 1, and the dry gas outlet and the wet outlet are also respectively disposed at two sides of the housing 1, so that the flow directions of the gas or the liquid in the dry gas flow channel and the wet gas flow channel are opposite.
The invention also provides a fuel cell system, which is provided with the fuel cell humidifier device, wherein the second air outlet 42 is communicated to the fuel cell stack through a connecting pipeline 5, and the inclination angle of the connecting pipeline 5 is 30 degrees.
Specifically, the fuel cell humidifier device is arranged below the fuel cell stack and is 48-52 cm away from the fuel cell stack.
Specifically, the air inlet pipeline and the air outlet pipeline of the dry gas and the air inlet pipeline and the air outlet pipeline of the wet gas are respectively provided with a valve body, and the opening and closing of the valve bodies and the switching of the flow rate are controlled by a controller.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a humidification processing method based on the fuel cell humidifier device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the oxygen in the reaction gas is combined with the hydrogen protons transferred from the hydrogen side during the operation of the fuel cell to generate a large amount of water, and the water is mixed in the reacted gas in the form of water vapor and liquid water;
step 2: after the testing process of the fuel cell is finished, the electromagnetic valve 15 is opened in the purging stage, and meanwhile, the intermittent opening and closing time is set, wherein the opening time is 5s, and the closing time is 10s until the purging is finished.
And step 3: when the reacted gas enters the fuel cell humidifier device through a reaction gas inlet and passes through the middle position of the diaphragm 3, heat exchange is carried out, and a part of gaseous water in the lower cavity enters the upper cavity through the micropores 31 of the diaphragm 3 to humidify the dry gas;
and 4, step 4: when the fuel cell stack needs high-power output, the gas after compression cooling is injected into the reaction gas inlet, at the moment, water is transferred into dry air in a concentration difference mode, accumulated water at the bottom of the lower cavity is discharged through the water outlet 13 and the water discharge pipeline, the electromagnetic valve 15 and the electric heating sheet 16 are controlled to enable the accumulated water to be changed into gaseous water again and return to the upper cavity, and the dry gas is humidified.
And 5: in the process of re-piling, after the air compressor sets a target rotating speed and before the DC is enabled, the electromagnetic valve is opened for 10s, and then closed, and accumulated liquid water is discharged as soon as possible.
Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell humidifier apparatus, comprising:
the device comprises a shell (1), wherein the shell (1) comprises a head end, a tail end which corresponds to the head end and is positioned at the opposite side of the head end, and a first air inlet (11) and a first air outlet (12) which are provided with humid gas at the same side of the two ends;
the fiber membrane tube (2) is different in diameter, the fiber membrane tube (2) is located inside the shell (1), and two ends of the fiber membrane tube (2) are respectively located at the head end and the tail end of the shell (1);
the diaphragm (3) divides the shell (1) into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, the upper chamber is internally provided with the hollow fiber membrane tube (2) suitable for dry gas to circulate, the lower chamber is internally provided with the hollow fiber membrane tube (2) suitable for wet gas to circulate, the middle of the diaphragm (3) is uniformly distributed with a plurality of micropores (31), and the wet gas is suitable for entering the upper chamber from the lower chamber through the micropores (31);
end cap (4), end cap (4) respectively with shell (1) the head end with the tail end is connected to be provided with dry gaseous second air inlet and (41) and second gas outlet (42), end cap (4) second air inlet (41) with end cap (4) the gas of second gas outlet (42) is linked together.
2. The fuel cell humidifier apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the water outlet (13) is formed in the middle of the bottom of the shell (1), the water outlet (13) is connected with a water drainage pipeline, the water drainage pipeline is sequentially provided with an electromagnetic valve (15) and an electric heating piece (16), and the other end of the water drainage pipeline is connected to the middle of the top of the shell (1).
3. The fuel cell humidifier apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the middle through fiber membrane tube (2) in the upper cavity is small in middle tube diameter and large in tube diameters at two ends, so that the flow velocity of the drying gas is increased at the position with the large tube diameter and is reduced at the position with the small tube diameter.
4. The fuel cell humidifier apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the middle through fiber membrane tube (2) in the lower cavity is large in middle tube diameter and small in tube diameter at two ends, so that the flow velocity of the humid gas is increased at the position with the large tube diameter and is reduced at the position with the small tube diameter.
5. The fuel cell humidifier apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the diaphragm (3) is a permeable membrane.
6. The fuel cell humidifier apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the dry gas inlet and the wet inlet are respectively arranged at two sides of the shell (1), and the dry gas outlet and the wet outlet are also respectively arranged at two sides of the shell (1), so that the flow directions of gas or liquid in the dry gas flow channel and the wet gas flow channel flow in a reverse direction.
7. A fuel cell system characterized by: the fuel cell humidifier apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the second air outlet (42) is connected to the fuel cell stack via a connecting line (5), and the connecting line (5) is inclined at an angle of 30 degrees.
8. The fuel cell system according to claim 7, characterized in that: the fuel cell humidifier device is arranged below the fuel cell stack and is 48-52 cm away from the fuel cell stack.
9. The fuel cell system according to claim 8, characterized in that: the air inlet pipeline and the air outlet pipeline of the dry gas and the air inlet pipeline and the air outlet pipeline of the wet gas are respectively provided with a valve body, and the opening and closing of the valve bodies and the switching of the flow rate are controlled by a controller.
10. A humidification processing method based on the fuel cell humidifier apparatus according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that:
step 1: the oxygen in the reaction gas is combined with the hydrogen protons transferred from the hydrogen side during the operation of the fuel cell to generate a large amount of water, and the water is mixed in the reacted gas in the form of water vapor and liquid water;
step 2: after the testing process of the fuel cell is finished, the electromagnetic valve (15) is opened in the purging stage, and meanwhile, the intermittent opening and closing time is set, wherein the opening time is 5s, and the closing time is 10s until the purging is finished.
And step 3: when the reacted gas enters the fuel cell humidifier device through a reaction gas inlet and passes through the middle position of the diaphragm (3), heat exchange is carried out, and a part of gaseous water in the lower cavity enters the upper cavity through the micropores (31) of the diaphragm (3) to humidify the dry gas;
and 4, step 4: when the fuel cell stack needs high-power output, the compressed and cooled gas is injected into the reaction gas inlet, at the moment, water is transferred into dry air in a concentration difference mode, accumulated water at the bottom of the lower cavity is discharged through the water outlet (13) and the water discharge pipeline, the electromagnetic valve (15) and the electric heating piece (16) are controlled to enable the accumulated water to be changed into gaseous water again and return to the upper cavity, and the dry gas is humidified.
And 5: in the process of re-piling, after the air compressor sets a target rotating speed and before the DC is enabled, the electromagnetic valve is opened for 10s, and then closed, and accumulated liquid water is discharged as soon as possible.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN116387562A (en) * | 2023-06-02 | 2023-07-04 | 国家电投集团氢能科技发展有限公司 | Humidifier, fuel cell system, and humidity adjustment method |
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2020
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN116387562A (en) * | 2023-06-02 | 2023-07-04 | 国家电投集团氢能科技发展有限公司 | Humidifier, fuel cell system, and humidity adjustment method |
CN116387562B (en) * | 2023-06-02 | 2023-08-18 | 国家电投集团氢能科技发展有限公司 | Humidifier, fuel cell system, and humidity adjustment method |
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