CN112836447A - Integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration system and method - Google Patents

Integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration system and method Download PDF

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CN112836447A
CN112836447A CN202110119507.9A CN202110119507A CN112836447A CN 112836447 A CN112836447 A CN 112836447A CN 202110119507 A CN202110119507 A CN 202110119507A CN 112836447 A CN112836447 A CN 112836447A
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杨振东
孙佳翔
张巧玲
程睿浩
邱朝晖
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Xian University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration system and method, which comprises a pipeline, wherein one end of the pipeline is arranged in a square box provided with a slide wire rheostat, the other end of the pipeline is provided with a gate valve, a plurality of circles of knob potentiometers are arranged on the gate valve, the pipeline is provided with a plurality of circles of knob potentiometers, and the slide wire rheostat and the plurality of circles of knob potentiometers are both connected with a PC end. The method involves establishing a characteristic line calculation grid and a characteristic line equation set of non-constant friction resistance, and calculating the characteristic line calculation grid along C+、C‑Integrating the characteristic line to obtain a characteristic line equation; stabilization by using characteristic line equationAnd (4) simulating the state process to obtain water head and flow steady-state data of each node of the pipeline, and processing the water head and flow steady-state data of each node of the pipeline through a leakage hole boundary equation. The invention discloses an integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration system and method, which solve the problem that the waveform distortion and amplitude change of a water hammer wave cannot be accurately predicted when a constant friction resistance is adopted to simulate water hammer transient.

Description

Integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration system and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic numerical calculation, particularly relates to an integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration system, and further relates to a pipeline transient flow demonstration method.
Background
The water hammer phenomenon is easily caused in the running process of the long-distance pipeline, so that the risks of overhigh local pressure, pipeline vibration and the like in a pipeline system are caused. At present, most colleges and universities explain pipeline transient flows by adopting theoretical explanation and animation demonstration. However, the length of the pipeline in the actual engineering is very large, the demonstration experiment device with the principle schematic property provided by the teaching instrument manufacturer is far away from the pipeline conveying in the actual engineering, and the practical training effect is poor. At present, transient flow of a pressure pipeline is also an important concern in engineering design, and a plurality of researchers emphatically simulate the leakage pipeline in a simulation way, but the existing constant friction resistance model cannot finely describe the distortion and attenuation process of transient water hammer pressure wave during leakage and can only simply simulate the transient pressure drop when a valve is closed; pressure changes during a leak are susceptible to a variety of factors, such as leak parameters, valve closure patterns, friction models, and the like.
The constant friction resistance is adopted to carry out water hammer transient simulation, so that not only can the waveform distortion and amplitude variation of water hammer waves be accurately simulated, but also the accuracy of subsequent pipeline leakage detection can be influenced. Therefore, a simulation demonstration system for a transient flow process of long-distance pipeline water delivery by adopting non-constant friction resistance needs to be researched, and the transient flow process is finely demonstrated by the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration system, which solves the problem that the waveform distortion and amplitude change of a water hammer wave can not be accurately predicted when a constant friction resistance is adopted to simulate water hammer transient in the prior art.
The invention also aims to provide an integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration method, which solves the problem that the waveform distortion and amplitude change of a water hammer wave can not be accurately predicted when a constant friction resistance is adopted to simulate a water hammer transient in the prior art.
The invention adopts a technical scheme that the integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration system comprises a support platform, wherein a pipeline is placed on the support platform, one end of the pipeline is installed in a square box, a slide wire rheostat is arranged on the side surface of the square box, a gate valve is installed at the other end of the pipeline, a plurality of circles of knob potentiometers are installed on the gate valve, at least 3 circles of knob potentiometers are arranged on the pipeline, and the slide wire rheostat and the plurality of circles of knob potentiometers are both connected with a PC (personal computer) end.
The invention is also characterized in that:
the square box is an acrylic square box.
The invention adopts another technical scheme that the integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration method is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, dividing a pipeline into an upstream boundary, a non-leakage pipeline section, a leakage hole section and a downstream boundary;
step 2, dividing computing nodes and time step length of the pipeline according to a characteristic line method, and establishing a characteristic line computing grid;
step 3, establishing a characteristic line equation set of the non-constant friction through a Brunone non-constant friction model, and calculating a grid edge C through the characteristic line+、C-Integrating the characteristic line to obtain a characteristic line equation;
step 4, reading the position and size of a pipeline leakage point, the opening of a valve and the water level of a reservoir in real time; steady state process simulation is carried out on an upstream boundary, a non-leakage pipeline section, a leakage hole section and a downstream boundary by adopting a characteristic line equation to obtain water head and flow steady state data of each node of the pipeline, and the water head and flow steady state data of each node of the pipeline are processed by the leakage hole boundary equation;
step 5, reading the position and size of a pipeline leakage point, the opening of a valve and the water level of a reservoir in real time; and (3) performing transient process simulation on the upstream boundary, the non-leakage pipeline section, the leakage hole section and the downstream boundary by adopting a characteristic line equation to obtain water head and flow transient data of each node of the pipeline, and completing the simulation of the transient process of the whole pipeline.
The invention is also characterized in that:
the characteristic line equation set of the non-constant friction resistance is specifically as follows:
Figure BDA0002921466150000031
Figure BDA0002921466150000032
in the formula (1), H is a water head, D is a pipe diameter, A is a long pipeline section area, a is a displacement acceleration, Q is a flow rate, g is a gravity acceleration, k is a Brunone coefficient, and f is a friction coefficient.
The characteristic line equation is specifically as follows:
Figure BDA0002921466150000033
Figure BDA0002921466150000034
in the formula (2), the reaction mixture is,
Figure BDA0002921466150000035
C0＝1+k，Q|Q|＝QP|Q|，A1、A2respectively, the parameters related to pressure and flow at the previous node at the previous moment, D1、D2Respectively the parameters of the last node and related to pressure and flow,
Figure BDA0002921466150000036
the flow rate of the i-section at time j,
Figure BDA0002921466150000037
of section at time jA head of water.
When the leakage point of pipeline is the end valve, valve department flow specifically is:
Figure BDA0002921466150000038
in the formula (3), QR、HRRespectively, the flow and the water head of the valve in a full-open state when the valve flows at a constant rate, wherein tau is the relative opening degree of the valve.
The pressure at the valve is specifically:
HPN＝D1+D2QP (4)，
in the formula (4), QPThe flow rate of the i-section at time j.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration system can accurately simulate the water delivery process of a long-distance pipeline and accurately predict the waveform distortion and amplitude variation of water shock waves during water shock transient; the integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration system can provide important basis for long-distance pipeline design, operation and fault analysis.
(2) According to the integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration method, the opening degree, the leakage point position and the size of the gate valve and the water level value of the reservoir are respectively represented by the slide-wire rheostat and the multi-turn knob potentiometer, so that the method is concise and intuitive, and is simple, convenient and reliable to operate; the invention discloses an integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration method, wherein the opening degree, the leakage point position and the size of a gate valve and the water level of a reservoir enter a system interface of a raspberry group through a voltage acquisition card; both the pipeline parameters and the valve characteristics can be read in real time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a eigen-line interpolation grid in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the pressure of transient flow in the tube at the valve front end point as the valve momentarily closes;
FIG. 6 is a schematic of transient flow pressure in the pipe at the end of the valve in the absence of a leak;
fig. 7 is a schematic of transient flow pressure in the valve tip tube at k 0.03.
In the figure, 1 is a square box, 2 is a multi-turn knob potentiometer, 3 is a pipeline, 4 is a gate valve, 5 is a support table, 6 is a PC end, and 7 is a slide wire rheostat.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention discloses an integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration system which comprises a supporting platform 5, wherein a pipeline 3 is placed on the supporting platform 5, one end of the pipeline 3 is installed in a square box 1, a slide wire rheostat 7 is arranged on the side surface of the square box 1, a gate valve 4 is installed at the other end of the pipeline 3, a multi-turn knob potentiometer 2 is installed on the gate valve 4, at least 3 multi-turn knob potentiometers 2 are arranged on the pipeline 3, and the slide wire rheostat 7 and the multi-turn knob potentiometers 2 are both connected with a PC end 6. Wherein, square chest 1 is ya keli square chest. As shown in fig. 1.
The slide rheostat 7 is used for simulating the water level of the reservoir, and the multi-ring knob potentiometer 2 is used for simulating the size of a leakage point and the opening degree of a valve. The PC end 6 processor is a Raspberry type with the model of Raspberry 4B; the Raspberry4B microprocessor is provided with a voltage acquisition card.
The circuit diagram of the integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration system is shown in fig. 2 and comprises a slide wire rheostat 7, a multi-turn knob potentiometer 2, a Raspberry4B microprocessor and a voltage acquisition card. The GND section of the slide rheostat 7 is connected with the negative pole of voltage adaptation and the IN-end of the voltage acquisition card, the V + + of the slide rheostat 7 is connected with the positive pole of the power adapter, and the OUT section of the slide rheostat 7 is connected with the IN + end of the voltage acquisition card; the GND section of the multi-turn knob potentiometer 2 is connected with the negative pole matched with the voltage and the IN-end of the voltage acquisition card, the V + + of the multi-turn knob potentiometer 2 is connected with the positive pole of the power adapter, and the OUT section of the multi-turn knob potentiometer 2 is connected with the IN-end of the voltage acquisition card; the voltage acquisition card is connected to pins of a Raspberry4B microprocessor 40.
The invention discloses an integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration system, which has the working principle that:
the fluid in the pipe is conveyed in a pressure flow mode in the pipe, an equation of the flow in the pipe is established and solved, and the steady-state flow and transient flow demonstration can be achieved by visualizing the solved result.
Assuming that the fluid in the pipeline is homogeneous fluid and fills the whole pipeline, and the flow of the fluid in the pipeline is one-dimensional flow, namely, only the change condition of each hydraulic parameter in the pipeline along the pipeline is considered; the deformation of the pipe and the fluid itself is a linear elastic deformation. On the basis of the two basic assumptions, a continuous equation and a motion equation of a transient model of the leakage pipeline are established, and the continuous equation and the motion equation are as follows:
Figure BDA0002921466150000061
Figure BDA0002921466150000062
in the formula, JSFor constant steady state friction resistance, JUIs a non-constant friction resistance;
and solving the partial differential equation set by adopting a characteristic line method. Dividing the pipeline into an upstream boundary, a non-leaking pipeline section, a leaking hole section and a downstream boundary; establishing a characteristic line equation set of the non-constant friction through a Brunone non-constant friction model, along C+、C-Integrating the characteristic line to obtain a characteristic line equation; and establishing the relation between the water head and the flow of the pipeline leakage port through a leakage hole boundary equation.
The water level of the upstream of the pipeline corresponds to a variable H of a first node in the equation, and the equation reads the data of the upstream water level in real time in the transient simulation and changes the value of the variable H according to the data; similarly, the area of the leakage opening at the leakage position also corresponds to the variable in the equation; the rapid increase in the area of the leak over time is indicative of a pipe burst. And reading the water level, the leakage characteristics and the valve opening degree in each time step in the transient solving process, and then calculating, wherein the calculation result is a transient simulation result. During transient hydraulic process demonstration such as pipe explosion and leakage, the variable in the equation is changed by adjusting the slide rheostat and the multi-turn knob potentiometer.
The simulation platform of the invention integrates the non-constant friction model, can simulate the long-distance conveying process in real scene, and can display the transient changes of pressure and flow of the pipeline system in the pipe bursting and flow adjusting processes.
The invention discloses an integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration method, which is implemented according to the following steps as shown in figure 3:
step 1, inputting basic parameters such as length, diameter and roughness of a pipeline pipe from a window corresponding to a front end interface; reading the position and size of a pipeline leakage point, the opening degree of a valve and the water level of a reservoir;
step 2, dividing computing nodes and time step length of the pipeline according to a characteristic line method, and establishing a characteristic line computing grid;
step 3, establishing a characteristic line equation set of the non-constant friction through a Brunone non-constant friction model, and calculating a grid edge C through the characteristic line+、C-Integrating the characteristic line to obtain a characteristic line equation;
step 4, reading the position and size of a pipeline leakage point, the opening of a valve and the water level of a reservoir in real time; performing steady-state process simulation on an upstream boundary, a non-leakage pipeline section, a leakage hole section and a downstream boundary by adopting a characteristic line equation to obtain steady-state water head and flow data of each node of the pipeline, and processing the steady-state water head and flow data of each node of the pipeline by using the leakage hole boundary equation to obtain a steady-state calculated value;
step 5, reading the position and size of a pipeline leakage point, the opening of a valve and the water level of a reservoir in real time; and (3) performing transient process simulation on the upstream boundary, the non-leakage pipeline section, the leakage hole section and the downstream boundary by adopting a characteristic line equation to obtain water head and flow transient data of each node of the pipeline, and completing the simulation of the transient process of the whole pipeline.
The specific process is as follows:
the Brunone non-constant friction model is specifically:
Figure BDA0002921466150000071
in the formula (1), k is a Brunone coefficient, v is a flow velocity, t is time, g is a gravity acceleration, a is a displacement acceleration, and x is a distance;
since the Brunone model is suitable for the water hammer transient condition of the downstream valve closing, the model is selected as a non-constant friction resistance, the flow rate v in the pipeline transient water hammer equation is replaced by the pipeline flow Q, and the positive and negative characteristic line equation can be obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0002921466150000072
Figure BDA0002921466150000073
in the formula (2), H is a water head, D is a pipe diameter, A is the section area of a long pipeline, a is displacement acceleration, Q is flow, g is gravity acceleration, k is a Brunone coefficient, and f is a friction coefficient;
dividing the whole long pipeline into N segments with step length of Deltax, setting the calculation time step length as Deltat, in the interpolation grid as shown in FIG. 4, calculating the section parameter when P point is j time, and calculating the section parameter when R point and B point are j-1 time and i +1 time respectively along C+，C-The two characteristic lines integrate equation (2), and the equation can be obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0002921466150000081
Figure BDA0002921466150000082
further obtaining:
Figure BDA0002921466150000083
Figure BDA0002921466150000084
in the formulas (3) and (4),
Figure BDA0002921466150000085
C0＝1+k，Q|Q|＝QP|Q|，HP、HB、HRrespectively a water head of a section at a moment j and a section i, a water head of a section at a moment j-1 and a section i +1, a water head of a section at a moment j-1 and a section QP、QB、QRRespectively the flow of the i section at the moment j, the flow of the i +1 section at the moment j-1, the flow of the i-1 section at the moment j-1, and tP、tB、tRRespectively selecting a time step for the section i at the moment j, a time step for the section i +1 at the moment j-1 and a calculation time step for the section i-1 at the moment j-1;
A1、A2respectively, the parameters related to pressure and flow at the previous node at the previous moment, D1、D2Parameters related to pressure and flow of a node after the previous moment are respectively;
the flow and pressure values of each node in the non-leakage area obtained by solving the formula (4) are expressed as:
Figure BDA0002921466150000086
in the formula (5), the reaction mixture is,
Figure BDA0002921466150000087
the flow rate of the i-section at time j,
Figure BDA0002921466150000088
water head of i section at time j;
is provided with
Figure BDA0002921466150000091
The flow rates of the left positive characteristic line and the right negative characteristic line of the leakage point and the leakage quantity Q flowing out of the leakage point are respectivelyL，CgFor the leakage coefficient of the leakage point, the outside of the leakage point is assumed to be atmospheric pressure. The characteristic line equation before and after the leakage point is:
Figure BDA0002921466150000092
Figure BDA0002921466150000093
the leakage condition of the leakage point is regarded as small hole outflow, and the waterhead H of the leakage point is obtained by simultaneous equations of the continuity theorem of the flowLAnd left and right side flow
Figure BDA0002921466150000094
Respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0002921466150000095
Figure BDA0002921466150000096
the upstream of the long pipeline is a reservoir with fixed water level, and the water level H of the reservoir0Remain unchanged, i.e. HP0＝H0C in the formula (4)-Solving to obtain reservoir water outlet flow Q by using characteristic line equationP0Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002921466150000097
when the end of the long pipeline is provided with a valve, the flow at the valve is as follows:
Figure BDA0002921466150000098
in the formula (9), QR、HRRespectively, the flow and the pressure of the valve in a full-open state in constant flow, and tau is the relative opening degree of the valve. C in formula (4) by bringing formula (9)+Obtaining the pressure value H at the valve by using a characteristic line equationPNComprises the following steps:
HPN＝D1+D2QP (10)，
the integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration system provided by the invention can be used for simulating the transient flow of the long-distance pipeline to obtain the pressure and flow change of each node in the water delivery process of the long-distance pipeline, so that the pressure change of each node in the water delivery process of the pipeline can be more visually shown.
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the pressure of transient flow in the tube at the valve front end point as the valve momentarily closes; FIG. 6 is a schematic of transient flow pressure in the pipe at the end of the valve in the absence of a leak; fig. 7 is a schematic of transient flow pressure in the valve tip tube at k 0.03.
As can be seen from fig. 5, the pressure attenuation before the valve is plotted, the pressure change amplitude gradually decreases with the process time, the oscillation gradually tends to be gentle, fig. 5 is a result of non-constant flow under the condition of constant friction resistance, and it can be seen that the first-phase water hammer pressure value and the water hammer period are consistent with the theoretical value; as can be seen from fig. 6, the amplitude of the pressure curve at the end of the valve decays with time when there is no leakage, and referring to the pressure curve when there is constant friction (i.e. k is 0), it can be seen that the decay rate of the pressure gradually increases with the increase of the Brunone coefficient k, and the offset of the pressure curve also increases continuously; FIG. 6 demonstrates that non-constant friction affects the period of water hammer propagation; as can be seen from fig. 7, the presence of the leak not only accelerates the decay of the pressure signal, but also causes distortions that reflect the propagation and reflection of the water hammer pressure wave in the pipe.

Claims (7)

1. An integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration system is characterized by comprising a supporting platform (5), a pipeline (3) is placed on the supporting platform (5), one end of the pipeline (3) is installed in a square box (1), a slide rheostat (7) is arranged on the side face of the square box (1), a gate valve (4) is installed at the other end of the pipeline (3), a plurality of circles of knob potentiometers (2) are installed on the gate valve (4), at least 3 circles of knob potentiometers (2) are arranged on the pipeline (3), and the slide rheostat (7) and the plurality of circles of knob potentiometers (2) are both connected with a PC (6) end.
2. The integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration system according to claim 1, characterized in that said square box (1) is an acrylic square box.
3. An integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration method, characterized in that the integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration system according to claim 2 is adopted, and is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, dividing a pipeline into an upstream boundary, a non-leakage pipeline section, a leakage hole section and a downstream boundary;
step 2, dividing computing nodes and time step length of the pipeline according to a characteristic line method, and establishing a characteristic line computing grid;
step 3, establishing a characteristic line equation set of the non-constant friction through a Brunone non-constant friction model, and calculating the characteristic line into a grid edge C+、C-Integrating the characteristic line to obtain a characteristic line equation;
step 4, reading the position and size of a pipeline leakage point, the opening of a valve and the water level of a reservoir in real time; performing steady-state process simulation on the upstream boundary, the non-leakage pipeline section, the leakage hole section and the downstream boundary by adopting the characteristic line equation to obtain water head and flow steady-state data of each node of the pipeline, and processing the water head and flow steady-state data of each node of the pipeline by using the leakage hole boundary equation;
step 5, reading the position and size of a pipeline leakage point, the opening of a valve and the water level of a reservoir in real time; and performing transient process simulation on the upstream boundary, the non-leakage pipeline section, the leakage hole section and the downstream boundary by adopting the characteristic line equation to obtain water head and flow transient data of each node of the pipeline, and completing the simulation of the transient process of the whole pipeline.
4. The integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration method of claim 3, wherein the system of equations for the characteristic line of non-constant friction resistance is specifically:
Figure FDA0002921466140000021
Figure FDA0002921466140000022
in the formula (1), H is a water head, D is a pipe diameter, A is a long pipeline section area, a is a displacement acceleration, Q is a flow rate, g is a gravity acceleration, k is a Brunone coefficient, and f is a friction coefficient.
5. The integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration method of claim 3, wherein the characteristic line equation is specifically:
Figure FDA0002921466140000023
Figure FDA0002921466140000024
in the formula (2), the reaction mixture is,
Figure FDA0002921466140000025
C0＝1+k，Q|Q|＝QP|Q|，A1、A2respectively, the parameters related to pressure and flow at the previous node at the previous moment, D1、D2Respectively the parameters of the last node and related to pressure and flow,
Figure FDA0002921466140000026
is a cross section at time jThe flow rate of (a) to (b),
Figure FDA0002921466140000027
the head of the section at time j.
6. The integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration method of claim 3, wherein when the leakage point of the pipeline is the end valve, the flow at the valve is specifically:
Figure FDA0002921466140000028
in the formula (3), QR、HRRespectively, the flow and the water head of the valve in a full-open state when the valve flows at a constant rate, wherein tau is the relative opening degree of the valve.
7. The integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration method of claim 6, wherein the pressure at the valve is specifically:
HPN＝D1+D2QP (4)，
in the formula (4), QPThe flow rate of the i-section at time j.
CN202110119507.9A 2021-01-28 2021-01-28 Integrated interactive pipeline transient flow demonstration system and method Pending CN112836447A (en)

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