CN112831689A - Damage-resistant high-toughness cast titanium alloy and precision casting method thereof - Google Patents
Damage-resistant high-toughness cast titanium alloy and precision casting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112831689A CN112831689A CN201911151966.4A CN201911151966A CN112831689A CN 112831689 A CN112831689 A CN 112831689A CN 201911151966 A CN201911151966 A CN 201911151966A CN 112831689 A CN112831689 A CN 112831689A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C23/00—Tools; Devices not mentioned before for moulding
- B22C23/02—Devices for coating moulds or cores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
- C23C4/11—Oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
Abstract
The invention discloses a damage-resistant high-toughness cast titanium alloy and a precision casting method thereof. The alloy composition is (in weight percent): 5.8-6.8% of aluminum, 3.5-4.5% of vanadium, no more than 0.08% of carbon, no more than 0.05% of nitrogen, no more than 0.0125% of hydrogen, no more than 0.13% of oxygen, no more than 0.15% of iron, no more than 0.15% of silicon and the balance of titanium. In the process of casting the alloy, a graphite casting process is adopted, the shape of the graphite is high-purity electrode graphite, a core is made of flexible graphite, a graphite mould is prepared by a mould-free numerical control machining technology, the surface of a graphite mould cavity is sprayed with special coating by a plasma spraying method, and finally, a vacuum consumable electrode skull melting technology is adopted to cast the casting. The alloy has a narrow composition range, the content of the interstitial impurity element C, N, H, O is lower, the alloy is purer, and an alloy casting has good tensile strength and higher elongation, and has stable structure and performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal material and a casting technology, in particular to a damage-resistant high-toughness cast titanium alloy and a precision casting method thereof.
Background
The titanium alloy has the advantages of small density, high strength, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and the like, and is an important structural material for aerospace and national defense industries. With the development of high-end equipment manufacturing technology in recent years, higher requirements are put on the performance of titanium alloy parts: due to the requirement on the reliability of the whole machine, the aviation, aerospace and ship equipment not only requires that the applied titanium alloy part achieves the conventional performance, but also requires that the titanium alloy part has good damage resistance; in chemical industry, metallurgy and pressure machinery industries, in order to improve the service life, efficiency and safety of titanium alloy equipment under special working conditions, parts are required to have excellent mechanical properties and higher quality level. The conventional titanium alloy casting contains high-content C, N, H, O and other gap elements, so that the mechanical strength is improved, but the plasticity and toughness of the casting are damaged, potential safety hazards are caused to the safety and reliability of the whole equipment under severe working conditions such as aviation and aerospace, the requirements of high performance and high reliability of novel high-end equipment are difficult to meet, and the performance exertion and the promotion of the performance of the aviation, aerospace and national defense equipment in China are influenced. The conventional titanium alloy casting method has serious casting defects because key technologies such as smelting and component control of the ultra-low interstitial phase titanium alloy, precise preparation of a complex casting mold, high-quality mold filling and the like are not solved, and can not meet the application requirements. Therefore, the invention of high-toughness cast titanium alloys with low interstitial element content is of great significance for the development of the above-mentioned fields.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a damage-resistant high-toughness cast titanium alloy and a precision casting method thereof.
The invention provides a damage-resistant high-toughness cast titanium alloy, which mainly comprises Ti, Al and V elements, wherein the content of an impurity element C, N, H, O is lower, and the weight percentages of the elements are as follows: 5.8-6.8%, vanadium: 3.5 to 4.5 percent of carbon, less than or equal to 0.08 percent of nitrogen, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of hydrogen, less than or equal to 0.0125 percent of oxygen, less than or equal to 0.13 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of silicon, and the balance of titanium.
The invention provides a precision casting method of damage-resistant high-toughness cast titanium alloy, which adopts an ultralow-gap phase high-toughness cast titanium alloy and graphite casting process, wherein the shape of the graphite casting process is high-purity electrode graphite, a mold core adopts flexible graphite, a graphite casting mold is prepared by a non-mold numerical control machining technology, a special coating is sprayed on the surface of a graphite cavity by a plasma spraying technology, and finally a casting is cast by a vacuum consumable electrode skull melting technology.
The specific process is as follows:
(1) alloy raw materials: the titanium alloy electrode composition is controlled as follows (weight percentage): 5.8-6.8% of aluminum, 3.5-4.5% of vanadium, no more than 0.08% of carbon, no more than 0.05% of nitrogen, no more than 0.0125% of hydrogen, no more than 0.13% of oxygen, no more than 0.15% of iron, no more than 0.15% of silicon and the balance of titanium;
(2) graphite casting raw materials: the graphite is high-purity electrode graphite, and the mold core is made of flexible graphite;
(3) preparing a graphite casting mold: processing the graphite electrode block into a graphite casting mould by adopting a non-mould numerical control processing technology according to a casting process diagram;
(4) the graphite casting mold coating process comprises the following steps: spraying a special coating on the surface of the graphite cavity by using a plasma spraying technology, wherein the coating comprises a component Y2O3Powder or ZrO2Powder or 8% Y2O3+ZrO2；Y2O3+ZrO2Y in the powder mixture2O3Has a mass fraction of40％～100％。
(5) Preheating a graphite casting mold: placing the graphite casting mold into a vacuum high-temperature degassing furnace for degassing treatment, wherein the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 2 multiplied by 10-2Pa, controlling the temperature at 800-1000 ℃, preserving the heat for 2-4 hours, cooling, and transferring to a vacuum container for later use;
(6) alloy smelting: mounting a titanium alloy electrode on an electrode rod of a vacuum consumable electrode skull furnace, clamping a casting mold, closing a furnace door, and vacuumizing a furnace body when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 3 multiplied by 10-2When Pa is needed, melting the electrode, controlling the melting current to be 10000-20000A and the voltage to be 38-40V;
(7) alloy casting: and after the alloy raw material is melted to the pouring weight, rotating the centrifugal disc of the casting mold, controlling the rotating speed of the centrifugal disc to be 100-250 r/min, and turning over the crucible to put the alloy liquid into the casting mold to obtain the titanium alloy casting.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the ZTC4 alloy specified in GJB2896A, the cast titanium alloy provided by the invention has small component fluctuation and low content of interstitial impurity elements C, N, H, O, and after the titanium alloy is cast into a titanium alloy casting by adopting a vacuum consumable electrode arc skull melting technology, the purity of alloy components is higher, the consistency is better, and the structure and the performance are stable.
2. Compared with ZTC4 specified in GJB2896A, the novel cast titanium alloy provided by the invention has the same good tensile strength and higher elongation.
3. The invention adopts the combination of high-purity electrode graphite and flexible graphite to replace the traditional common graphite and combines various methods such as non-modulus control machining and the like to prepare the high-precision casting mold.
4. The invention adopts special paint spraying treatment on the surface of the graphite type cavity corresponding to the casting thin-wall structure. The surface quality and the performance of the cavity can be improved, so that the surface quality of the casting is improved, and the defects of cold insulation, flow marks and the like on the surface of the casting are eliminated.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below.
Example 1
A titanium alloy high-pressure-bearing pump body casting with the size of phi 620mm multiplied by 200mm is produced, and the steps are as follows:
(1) alloy raw materials: the titanium alloy electrode composition is shown in table 1;
table 1 titanium alloy electrode composition wt. -%)
| Element(s) | Ti | Al | V | C | N | H | O | Fe | Si |
| Content (wt.) | Balance of | 5.9 | 4.1 | 0.03 | 0.024 | 0.008 | 0.034 | 0.057 | 0.017 |
(2) Preparing a graphite casting mold: processing the graphite electrode block into a graphite casting mould by adopting a non-mould numerical control processing technology according to a casting process diagram;
(3) the graphite casting mold coating process comprises the following steps: spraying special paint with Y component on the surface of graphite cavity by plasma spraying technology2O3Pulverizing;
(4) preheating a graphite casting mold: placing the graphite casting mold into a vacuum high-temperature degassing furnace for degassing treatment, wherein the vacuum degree is 1 multiplied by 10-2Pa, controlling the temperature at 850 ℃, preserving the heat for 3 hours, cooling, and transferring to a vacuum container for later use;
(5) alloy smelting: mounting titanium alloy electrode on the electrode rod of vacuum consumable electrode skull furnace, clamping the casting mould, closing the furnace door, and vacuumizing the furnace body when the vacuum degree is 2 x 10-2When Pa is needed, melting the electrode, controlling the melting current at 18000A and controlling the voltage at 38V;
(6) alloy casting: and after the alloy raw material is melted to the pouring weight, rotating the centrifugal disc of the casting mold, controlling the rotating speed of the centrifugal disc at 190r/min, and turning over the crucible to put the alloy liquid into the casting mold to obtain the titanium alloy casting.
The chemical composition of the titanium alloy castings is shown in Table 2, and the post-hot isostatic pressing mechanical properties are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 2 composition wt.% of titanium alloy castings
| Element(s) | Ti | Al | V | C | N | H | O | Fe | Si |
| Content (wt.) | Balance of | 5.88 | 4.12 | 0.027 | 0.022 | 0.009 | 0.035 | 0.06 | 0.018 |
TABLE 3 mechanical Properties wt. -%, of titanium alloy castings
Example 2
A titanium alloy valve body casting with the size of about phi 800mm multiplied by 300mm is produced by the following steps:
(1) alloy raw materials: the titanium alloy electrode composition is shown in table 4;
table 4 titanium alloy electrode composition wt. -%)
| Element(s) | Ti | Al | V | C | N | H | O | Fe | Si |
| Content (wt.) | Balance of | 6.4 | 3.5 | 0.012 | 0.02 | 0.005 | 0.045 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
(2) Graphite casting raw materials: the graphite is high-purity electrode graphite, and the mold core is made of flexible graphite;
(3) preparing a graphite casting mold: processing the graphite electrode block into a graphite casting mould by adopting a non-mould numerical control processing technology according to a casting process diagram;
(4) the graphite casting mold coating process comprises the following steps: spraying special paint with 50% Y component on the surface of graphite cavity by plasma spraying technology2O3+50％ZrO2；
(5) Preheating a graphite casting mold: placing the graphite casting mold into a vacuum high-temperature degassing furnace for degassing treatment, wherein the vacuum degree is 1.0 multiplied by 10-2Pa, controlling the temperature at 1000 ℃, preserving the heat for 4 hours, cooling, and transferring to a vacuum container for later use;
(6) alloy smelting: mounting titanium alloy electrode on the electrode rod of vacuum consumable electrode skull furnace, clamping the casting mould, closing the furnace door, and vacuumizing the furnace body when the vacuum degree is 1 × 10-2When Pa is needed, the electrode is melted, the melting current is controlled to be 20000A, and the voltage is controlled to be 40V;
(7) alloy casting: and after the alloy raw material is melted to the pouring weight, rotating a centrifugal disc of the casting mold, controlling the rotating speed of the centrifugal disc at 160r/min, and turning over a crucible to put alloy liquid into the casting mold to obtain the titanium alloy casting.
The chemical composition of the titanium alloy castings is shown in Table 5, and the post-hot isostatic pressing mechanical properties are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 5 titanium alloy casting composition wt. -%)
| Element(s) | Ti | Al | V | C | N | H | O | Fe | Si |
| Content (wt.) | Balance of | 6.14 | 3.5 | 0.015 | 0.025 | 0.003 | 0.053 | 0.06 | 0.02 |
TABLE 6 mechanical properties of titanium alloy castings wt. -%)
Comparative example 1
Producing a titanium alloy frame casting having dimensions of about 450mm x 350mm by the steps of:
(1) alloy raw materials: the titanium alloy electrode composition is shown in table 7;
table 7 titanium alloy electrode composition wt. -%)
| Element(s) | Ti | Al | Sn | C | N | H | O | Fe | Si |
| Content (wt.) | Balance of | 6.14 | 3.5 | 0.12 | 0.059 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.02 |
(2) Preparing a graphite casting mold: machining the graphite electrode block into a graphite casting mold by adopting a machining and manual polishing method according to a casting process diagram;
(3) preheating a graphite casting mold: placing the graphite casting mold into a vacuum high-temperature degassing furnace for degassing treatment, wherein the vacuum degree is 2 multiplied by 10-2Pa, controlling the temperature at 900 ℃, preserving the heat for 4 hours, cooling, and transferring to a vacuum container for later use;
(4) alloy smelting: mounting titanium alloy electrode on the electrode rod of vacuum consumable electrode skull furnace, clamping the casting mould, closing the furnace door, and vacuumizing the furnace body when the vacuum degree is 2 x 10-2When Pa is needed, the electrode is melted, the melting current is controlled at 16000A, and the voltage is controlled at 40V;
(5) alloy casting: and after the alloy raw material is melted to the pouring weight, rotating a centrifugal disc of the casting mold, controlling the rotating speed of the centrifugal disc at 170r/min, and turning over a crucible to put alloy liquid into the casting mold to obtain the titanium alloy casting.
The chemical composition of the titanium alloy castings is shown in Table 8, and the post-hot isostatic pressing mechanical properties are shown in Table 9.
TABLE 8 titanium alloy casting composition wt. -%)
| Element(s) | Ti | Al | Sn | C | N | H | O | Fe | Si |
| Content (wt.) | Balance of | 6.10 | 3.50 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.2 | 0.18 | 0.02 |
TABLE 9 mechanical Properties wt.% of titanium alloy castings
After the content of impurity elements in the chemical components of the casting is improved, the plasticity of the casting is obviously reduced.
Claims (9)
1. A damage-resistant high-toughness cast titanium alloy is characterized in that: the alloy mainly comprises Ti, Al and V elements, the content of an impurity element C, N, H, O is low, and the weight percentage of each element is as follows: 5.8-6.8%, vanadium: 3.5 to 4.5 percent of carbon, less than or equal to 0.08 percent of nitrogen, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of hydrogen, less than or equal to 0.0125 percent of oxygen, less than or equal to 0.13 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of silicon, and the balance of titanium.
2. The precision casting method of a damage-resistant high-toughness cast titanium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the casting method comprises the steps of casting titanium alloy with ultralow interstitial phase and high toughness and adopting a graphite casting process, wherein the shape of the casting process is high-purity electrode graphite, a core is made of flexible graphite, a graphite casting mold is prepared by a non-mold numerical control machining technology, a special coating is sprayed on the surface of a graphite cavity by a plasma spraying technology, and finally a casting is cast by a vacuum consumable electrode skull melting technology.
3. The precision casting method of damage-resistant high-toughness cast titanium alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selection of alloy raw materials: a master alloy electrode made of the ultralow-gap-phase high-toughness cast titanium alloy is adopted;
(2) graphite casting raw materials: the graphite is high-purity electrode graphite, and the mold core is made of flexible graphite;
(3) preparing a graphite casting mold: processing the graphite electrode block into a graphite casting mold by adopting a non-mold numerical control processing technology;
(4) the graphite casting mold coating process comprises the following steps: spraying a special coating on the surface of the graphite cavity by using a plasma spraying technology;
(5) preheating a graphite casting mold: placing the graphite casting mold into a vacuum high-temperature degassing furnace for degassing treatment, cooling, and transferring to a vacuum container for later use;
(6) alloy smelting: mounting a titanium alloy electrode on an electrode rod of a vacuum consumable electrode skull furnace, clamping a casting mold, closing a furnace door, and vacuumizing a furnace body when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 3 multiplied by 10-2When Pa, starting to melt the electrode;
(7) alloy casting: and after the alloy raw material is melted to the pouring weight, rotating the casting centrifugal disc, turning over the crucible to put the alloy liquid into the casting to obtain the titanium alloy casting.
4. The precision casting method of damage-resistant high-toughness cast titanium alloy according to claim 3, characterized in that: the coating component is Y2O3Powder or ZrO2Powder or Y2O3+ZrO2A powder mixture.
5. The fusion casting process of ultra-low interstitial phase high toughness cast titanium alloy as claimed in claim 4, wherein: y is2O3+ZrO2Powder mixtureIn the compound Y2O3The mass fraction of (A) is 40-100%.
6. The precision casting method of damage-resistant high-toughness cast titanium alloy according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step (5), the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 2 multiplied by 10-2Pa, the temperature is controlled to be 800-1000 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2-4 hours.
7. The precision casting method of damage-resistant high-toughness cast titanium alloy according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step (6), the smelting current is controlled to be 10000-20000A, and the voltage is controlled to be 38-40V.
8. The precision casting method of damage-resistant high-toughness cast titanium alloy according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step (7), the rotating speed of the centrifugal disc is controlled to be 100-250 r/min.
9. Use of the damage-resistant high-toughness cast titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the method is applied to aviation, aerospace or ship equipment.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101139670A (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2008-03-12 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Technique for processing titanium alloy sheet material |
| CN102527936A (en) * | 2012-01-19 | 2012-07-04 | 沈阳铸造研究所 | Graphite mould casting method for precise forming of low expansion alloy |
| CN104513914A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-15 | 沈阳铸造研究所 | Cast titanium alloy with ultralow interstitial phase and high tenacity and casting method |
| CN105618723A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-06-01 | 沈阳铸造研究所 | Inert atmosphere-based skull melting and casting process adopting consumable titanium alloy electrode |
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2019
- 2019-11-22 CN CN201911151966.4A patent/CN112831689A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101139670A (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2008-03-12 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Technique for processing titanium alloy sheet material |
| CN102527936A (en) * | 2012-01-19 | 2012-07-04 | 沈阳铸造研究所 | Graphite mould casting method for precise forming of low expansion alloy |
| CN105618723A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-06-01 | 沈阳铸造研究所 | Inert atmosphere-based skull melting and casting process adopting consumable titanium alloy electrode |
| CN104513914A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-15 | 沈阳铸造研究所 | Cast titanium alloy with ultralow interstitial phase and high tenacity and casting method |
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