CN112827658B - Scheelite beneficiation method - Google Patents
Scheelite beneficiation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112827658B CN112827658B CN202110004174.5A CN202110004174A CN112827658B CN 112827658 B CN112827658 B CN 112827658B CN 202110004174 A CN202110004174 A CN 202110004174A CN 112827658 B CN112827658 B CN 112827658B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a scheelite beneficiation method, which comprises the following steps: (1) Grinding and sieving scheelite, and collecting undersize product; (2) Mixing the undersize product with a flotation reagent, and then adding the mixture into a hydrocyclone for classification to obtain settled sand and overflow; (3) And adding the settled sand into a flash flotation machine or a jet flotation machine for roughing to obtain rough concentrate and flotation tailings, and overflowing to perform a scheelite flotation process to obtain tungsten concentrate. The method has the advantages of high recovery rate, high ore grinding and dressing efficiency and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of mineral separation, and particularly relates to a flotation beneficiation method.
Background
Tungsten is a strategic rare metal resource with high melting point, and tungsten minerals found in nature have mining economic value and include wolframite and scheelite. The scheelite with the highest tungsten resource percentage has better natural floatability and is generally recovered by flotation. In order to fully dissociate the selected scheelite from the ore, the large ore is usually subjected to crushed ore screening and ore grinding grading processes to obtain the selected material with the fineness of-0.075 mm accounting for 50-90%, and WO is produced by utilizing the characteristic difference of hydrophobicity-hydrophilicity on the surface of the ore through chemical feeding, size mixing and foam regulation and under the condition of the concentration of 30-50% through normal-temperature flotation 3 5-15% of scheelite rough concentrate (one-rough three-scavenging two-fine), and the scheelite rough concentrate is subjected to normal-temperature flotation concentration operation to produce WO 3 40-65% of scheelite concentrate (first coarse second sweep five concentrate).
The conventional grinding and grading operation of a concentrating mill is basically composed of a ball mill and a hydrocyclone, the grading process of the hydrocyclone is carried out under a centrifugal field, and the grading process of scheelite has high density and low relative density of gangue minerals such as quartz and the like, so that the scheelite is inevitably interfered by the density of the minerals in a grinding and grading loop composed of the ball mill and the hydrocyclone, and particles with different densities, granularities and shapes have the same settling velocity under certain conditions in the grading process, so that the scheelite which is fine in granularity and is dissociated by monomers is mixed into settled sand of the hydrocyclone, and is continuously returned to the mill for re-grinding. Because the scheelite ore is brittle, the scheelite ore is easy to be over-crushed in the crushing and grinding process, particularly when the scheelite ore which is mixed into the settled sand and is dissociated by monomers is returned to a mill for regrinding, a large amount of fine-grained scheelite ore is easy to be generated, and the fine-grained scheelite ore with the particle size of-0.010 mm is difficult to be efficiently recovered through flotation, and is finally lost in flotation tailings to reduce the recovery rate of the scheelite flotation. Meanwhile, the tungsten-oxide mineral dissociated from the monomers returns to the mill for regrinding, so that the volume of ore grinding classification is occupied, and the processing capacity of the mill is reduced.
In order to solve or relieve the phenomenon of 'over-crushing' of scheelite, a kind of high-density target minerals in an ore grinding grading loop and release the processing capacity of a grinding machine as much as possible, some ore dressing plants adopt a high-frequency vibration fine screen for grading in the ore grinding grading loop. The high-frequency vibration fine screen has high grading efficiency and precision, and can greatly reduce the qualified grade content of target minerals dissociated by monomers in products on the screen, thereby reducing the grading circulation load of ore grinding, improving the processing capacity of a grinding machine and reducing the over-grinding and mud-forming phenomena of the ore grinding products. However, the large-scale application of the equipment in large-scale rare metal dressing plants with low ore grade is restricted due to the defects of large installation height difference, high equipment manufacturing cost, small single machine processing capacity, easy blockage of sieve pores, low production efficiency and the like of the equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects and defects in the background technology and provide the scheelite beneficiation method with high recovery rate and high ore grinding and beneficiation efficiency. In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a scheelite beneficiation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Grinding and sieving scheelite, and collecting undersize product; returning oversize materials to the ore grinding process, wherein a ball mill is adopted during ore grinding, and a linear sieve is adopted during sieving;
(2) Mixing the undersize product with a flotation reagent (mixing in a pump pool), and then adding into a hydrocyclone for classification to obtain settled sand and overflow; a flotation reagent is added into the pump pond, so that the action time of the reagent is prolonged, and the beneficiation efficiency is improved;
(3) And adding the settled sand into a flash flotation machine or a jet flotation machine for roughing (at normal temperature) to obtain rough concentrate and flotation tailings, and overflowing to obtain tungsten concentrate by a conventional white tungsten normal-temperature flotation process. A flash flotation machine or a jet flotation machine is adopted to ensure that the flotation operation is smoothly carried out under high concentration, and the floating of the monomer dissociated scheelite with medium and coarse fraction is ensured.
In the scheelite beneficiation method, the scheelite is preferably low-grade (0.25-0.8%) scheelite with few sulfide ores, the sulfur content in the scheelite is less than 1.0%, and the contents of calcite and fluorite are not more than 15%. The scheelite for the fast flotation must be carried out under the condition of specific mineralogical composition of the wolframite (the content of calcite and fluorite which contain less sulfide and have similar floatability needs to be controlled).
In the scheelite beneficiation method, preferably, the rough concentrate is subjected to concentration (once or more times at normal temperature) to obtain scheelite sub-concentrate and concentration tailings, and the concentration tailings are returned to the hydrocyclone for classification. And selecting a BF flotation machine for fine selection during fine selection, and grading the fine selection tailings after the fine selection tailings enter a pump pool and pass through a hydraulic cyclone.
In the scheelite concentrating method, the concentration of the ore pulp is preferably 20-30% during concentration.
In the scheelite beneficiation method, preferably, the flotation reagent comprises a reagent A, a reagent B and a reagent C, wherein the reagent A is one or two of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide, and the dosage of the reagent A is 1000-3000g/t; the medicament B is one or more of water glass, sodium hexametaphosphate and CMC with the dosage of 200-4000g/t, and the medicament C is one or more of ZL, oxidized paraffin soap and sodium oleate with the dosage of 100-500g/t. The flotation reagent and the dosage control thereof can ensure that better selection indexes can be obtained under proper process parameters.
In the scheelite beneficiation method, preferably, the settled sand is slurried to a concentration of 65-75% and then enters a flash flotation machine or a jet flotation machine. The concentration is controlled to be 65-75%, so that the selected tailings can be ensured to return to the mill without influencing the grinding concentration.
Adding the settled sand into a flash flotation machine or a jet flow flotation machine for roughingThe pH value of the ore pulp is controlled to be 8-10, the thickness of a foam layer is 20-100mm, and the air amount of the flotation is 1.0-2.0m 3 /(m 2 Min). The control of the flotation conditions can ensure that better sorting indexes can be obtained under proper process parameters.
In the scheelite beneficiation method, preferably, the overflow fineness is controlled to be 50-90% of the fraction of-0.074 mm, and then the overflow fineness enters a scheelite flotation process.
In the scheelite beneficiation method, preferably, the flotation tailings are returned to the ore grinding process in the step (1) for recycling.
In the scheelite beneficiation method, preferably, the size of the control screen hole during screening is 3-5mm.
The invention does not need to adjust and change the existing grinding and floating operation, but only arranges a flash flotation machine or a jet flotation machine in an ore grinding and grading operation loop, the treated material is settled sand graded by a hydrocyclone in the ore grinding and grading loop, under the condition of higher concentration of flotation pulp, by adjusting a chemical system, the pH value of the pulp, the thickness of a foam layer, the amount of flotation air and the amount of supplemented water (adjusted according to the concentration), white tungsten minerals dissociated by monomers or enriched intergrowth are floated and separated, usually, the white tungsten minerals can be concentrated once or for many times, partial white tungsten ore concentrates with qualified quality are preferentially obtained and mixed into final concentrates; the flotation tailings are returned to the mill for regrinding, the concentration tailings are fed into the hydrocyclone, and the classification overflow still enters a conventional flotation flow system for normal-temperature separation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the method adopts short-process quick flotation to obtain the scheelite concentrate, so that the phenomenon of over-crushing caused by the fact that the scheelite dissociated from the monomers or the intergrowth enters the ore grinding-grading operation cycle again is avoided.
2. The overflow of the hydrocyclone of the invention takes away most fine mud (such as calcite, fluorite, chlorite and the like which are easy to argillize), reduces medium-fine particle grade and most of slime, and particularly greatly reduces the influence of calcium-containing minerals such as calcite, fluorite and the like which are similar to the floatability of scheelite.
3. The invention carries out flotation under the state of high concentration and medium and coarse particles, the content of ultrafine slime is relatively less, the content of easily separated minerals such as medium and coarse particle garnet and the like with larger specific gravity is relatively more, some relatively fine valuable minerals which are dissociated by monomers and intergrowths containing the valuable minerals are relatively easy to be captured and floated due to large concentration of ore pulp, the processed materials are classifier sand setting in an ore grinding classification loop, and metal minerals are easy to enter the sand setting due to large density of the metal minerals due to the 'reverse enrichment' action of a classification device, so that the ore feeding grade of the flotation is relatively higher, and the higher grade of scheelite concentrate and the higher operation recovery rate can be obtained in a short flow.
4. The invention can prevent the monomer dissociated scheelite from circularly returning in the grinding grading loop because the monomer dissociated scheelite with medium and coarse grains is floated and separated from the settled sand in advance, thereby improving the grinding and mineral separation efficiency, reducing the grinding energy consumption and being beneficial to reducing the production cost.
5. The invention can float the scheelite with medium and coarse grains as soon as possible, so that the beneficiation principle of 'recycling early' is implemented, and the sorting efficiency of the whole flotation process can be improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the scheelite beneficiation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will be described more fully and in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically indicated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, a scheelite beneficiation method includes the following steps:
(1) Feeding scheelite into a ball mill for grinding, feeding discharged materials of the mill into a linear sieve, sieving the materials into products of two grades, namely an oversize product and an undersize product, and returning the oversize product of the linear sieve to the ball mill for re-grinding; the scheelite contains WO 3 0.311 percent, 0.46 percent of sulfur grade, tungsten ore mainly comprises scheelite, and wolframite is not seen; the metal sulfide is abundant in pyrite, and a small amount of pyrrhotite and sphalerite exist; iron minerals include magnetite and hematite; the gangue minerals are mainly garnet (mainly calcium iron garnet, a small amount of iron aluminum garnet and calcium aluminum garnet), quartz, calcite and pyroxene, a small amount of chlorite, amphibole, feldspar (including plagioclase feldspar and potash feldspar), fluorite, mica, dolomite, calcium iron pyroxene, spodumene and the like;
(2) Feeding the undersize product into a pump pool, adding a flotation reagent into the pump pool, and then, feeding the undersize product into a hydrocyclone for classification to obtain settled sand and overflow; the above sand setting contains WO 3 0.614%, 23.79% of settled sand with-0.18 mm, the fraction containing WO 3 Up to 1.210%, distribution rate of more than 50%, overflow containing WO 3 0.310%;
(3) After the settled sand is mixed to the concentration of 70%, adding the settled sand into a flotation machine for roughing at normal temperature to obtain rough concentrate and flotation tailings, carrying out concentration on the rough concentrate to obtain scheelite inferior concentrate and concentration tailings, returning the concentration tailings to a hydrocyclone for classification, and returning the flotation tailings to a grinding classification process for recycling;
(4) And controlling the overflow fineness to be 50.7 percent of the grade of-0.074 mm, and then feeding the tungsten concentrate into a traditional white tungsten normal-temperature flotation flow system to obtain tungsten concentrate.
When adding flotation reagent into the pump pool, adding adjustmentStirring for 3min by using 1500g/t of sodium carbonate; adding water glass 1800g/t, and stirring for 5min; adding 250g/t of collector ZL (a mixture of oxidized paraffin soap and sodium oleate) and stirring for 3min. In the step (3), the pH value of ore pulp is controlled to be 8 during rough concentration, the thickness of a foam layer is 80mm, and the air amount of flotation is 1.5m 3 /(m 2 Min). Adding settled sand into a flotation machine, scraping and soaking for 5min for primary roughing, blank concentration for primary refining, and scraping and soaking for 3min to obtain grade WO 3 Over 40 percent of scheelite concentrate.
It was determined that the test results of the scheelite recovery from the classifying grit flotation of the hydrocyclone in this example are shown in table 1.
Table 1: results of the grit flotation test in example 1
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 1, a scheelite beneficiation method includes the following steps:
(1) The scheelite enters a ball mill for grinding, the discharged material of the mill enters a linear sieve for sieving into two grades of products, namely an oversize product and an undersize product, and the oversize product of the linear sieve returns to the ball mill for grinding; the scheelite contains WO 3 0.478 percent, 0.94 percent of sulfur-containing grade, and the tungsten mineral in the ore mainly comprises scheelite and trace wolframite; the copper mineral is mainly chalcopyrite; most of other metal sulfides are pyrite, a small amount of pyrrhotite, zinc blende and the like. The gangue minerals have complex composition and obvious characteristics of calcareous skarn mineral composition, and mainly comprise tremolite, diopside, quartz, calcite, fluorite, feldspar, garnet and the like, and a small amount of mica, chlorite and the like;
(2) Feeding the undersize product into a pump pool, adding a flotation reagent into the pump pool, and then, feeding the undersize product into a hydrocyclone for classification to obtain settled sand and overflow; the above sand setting contains WO 3 Is 0.651%, and the sand with a grain size of-0.15 mm accounts for 28.84%，WO 3 The distribution rate is more than 50 percent, wherein-0.074 +0.045mm WO in size fraction 3 Up to 1.829%, the overflow contains WO 3 0.475%;
(3) After the settled sand is mixed to the concentration of 70%, adding the settled sand into a flotation machine for normal-temperature roughing to obtain rough concentrate and flotation tailings, carrying out concentration on the rough concentrate to obtain scheelite inferior concentrate and concentration tailings, returning the concentration tailings to a hydrocyclone for classification, and returning the flotation tailings to a grinding classification process for recycling;
(4) And after the overflow fineness is controlled to be-0.074 mm and the size fraction of the overflow fineness accounts for 64.98 percent, the overflow fineness enters a traditional white tungsten normal-temperature flotation flow system to obtain tungsten concentrate.
When a flotation reagent is added into a pump pool, adding 1800g/t of sodium carbonate serving as a regulator, and stirring for 3min; adding 2500g/t of water glass, and stirring for 5min; adding collector ZL (mixture of oxidized paraffin soap and sodium oleate) at 300g/t, and stirring for 3min. And (3) performing a step. During rough concentration, the pH value of ore pulp is controlled to be 10, the thickness of a foam layer is 100mm, and the air amount of flotation is 1.8m 3 /(m 2 Min). Adding settled sand into a flotation machine, scraping and soaking for 5min for primary roughing, blank concentration for primary refining, and scraping and soaking for 3min to obtain grade WO 3 Over 45.3 percent of scheelite concentrate.
It was determined that the test results of scheelite recovery from the classifying grit flotation of the hydrocyclone in this example are shown in table 2.
Table 2: results of the grit flotation test in example 2
Claims (3)
1. The scheelite beneficiation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Grinding and sieving scheelite, and collecting undersize product; the size of the control sieve pore is 3-5mm during sieving;
(2) Mixing the undersize product with a flotation reagent, and then adding the mixture into a hydrocyclone for classification to obtain settled sand and overflow; controlling the overflow fineness to be 50-90% of the grade of-0.074 mm, and then entering a scheelite flotation process;
(3) Adding the settled sand into a flash flotation machine or a jet flotation machine for roughing to obtain rough concentrate and flotation tailings, and overflowing to perform a scheelite flotation process to obtain tungsten concentrate;
the sulfur content in the scheelite is less than 1.0%, and the contents of calcite and fluorite are not more than 15%;
the flotation tailings are returned to the ore grinding process in the step (1) for recycling;
the flotation reagent comprises a reagent A, a reagent B and a reagent C, wherein the reagent A is one or two of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide, and the dosage of the reagent A is 1000-3000g/t; the medicament B is one or more of water glass, sodium hexametaphosphate and CMC, the dosage is 200-4000g/t, the medicament C is one or more of ZL, oxidized paraffin soap and sodium oleate, the dosage is 100-500g/t;
after the settled sand is subjected to size mixing until the concentration is 65-75%, the settled sand enters a flash flotation machine or a jet flotation machine;
adding the settled sand into flash flotation machine or jet flotation machine for roughing, controlling the pH value of ore pulp to be 8-10, controlling the thickness of a foam layer to be 20-100mm, and controlling the air amount of flotation to be 1.0-2.0m 3 /（m 2 ·min）。
2. The scheelite beneficiation method according to claim 1, wherein the rough concentrate is beneficiated to obtain scheelite sub-concentrate and beneficiated tailings, and the beneficiated tailings are returned to a hydrocyclone for classification.
3. A method for dressing scheelite according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of the pulp during said dressing is 20-30%.
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| CN101224441A (en) * | 2007-01-18 | 2008-07-23 | 中国地质科学院郑州矿产综合利用研究所 | Molybdenum-tungsten oxide ore dressing process |
| CN101417267A (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2009-04-29 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院 | Low-grade scheelite in molybdenum floatation tailings |
| CN102974440A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-03-20 | 马钢集团设计研究院有限责任公司 | High-pressure rolling superfine crushing method of tungsten ore |
| CN103301946A (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2013-09-18 | 湖南柿竹园有色金属有限责任公司 | Grading and branching streaming flotation method of tungsten ore |
| CN110292984A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-10-01 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | The embedding cloth type copper sulfide ore substep grinding flotation method of coarse grain containing vitreous copper |
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2021
- 2021-01-04 CN CN202110004174.5A patent/CN112827658B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101224441A (en) * | 2007-01-18 | 2008-07-23 | 中国地质科学院郑州矿产综合利用研究所 | Molybdenum-tungsten oxide ore dressing process |
| CN101417267A (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2009-04-29 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院 | Low-grade scheelite in molybdenum floatation tailings |
| CN102974440A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-03-20 | 马钢集团设计研究院有限责任公司 | High-pressure rolling superfine crushing method of tungsten ore |
| CN103301946A (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2013-09-18 | 湖南柿竹园有色金属有限责任公司 | Grading and branching streaming flotation method of tungsten ore |
| CN110292984A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-10-01 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | The embedding cloth type copper sulfide ore substep grinding flotation method of coarse grain containing vitreous copper |
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