CN112825689A

CN112825689A - Forest grafting shearing mechanism

Info

Publication number: CN112825689A
Application number: CN202110312069.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨庆山; 魏海霞; 周健; 王莉莉; 王振猛; 李永涛; 刘德玺; 臧真荣; 朱文成
Original assignee: Shandong Academy of Forestry
Current assignee: Shandong Academy of Forestry
Priority date: 2021-03-24
Filing date: 2021-03-24
Publication date: 2021-05-25

Abstract

The invention provides a forest grafting and shearing device, and mainly relates to the technical field of grafting. The utility model provides a forest grafting shearing mechanism, includes support body and controller, the support body bottom has end shear plate, the support body top has a shear plate, set up the elevating system who is connected with the controller electricity between end shear plate and the shear plate, the last blade holder that sets up of elevating system, the blade holder top sets up the cutter, the blade holder bottom sets up down the cutter, set up on the end shear plate and cut the position with lower cutter matched with end, set up on the shear plate and cut the position with last cutter matched with top on the shear plate. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can realize the standardized shearing of the scion and the stock, so that the cuts of the scion and the stock are more uniform, the survival rate of grafted seedlings is higher, and the quality of the grafted seedlings is better.

Description

Forest grafting shearing mechanism

Technical Field

The invention mainly relates to the technical field of grafting, in particular to a forest grafting and shearing device.

Background

The grafting is carried out by utilizing the function of wound healing after the plant is wounded, and in the grafting, the cambium layers of two wounded surfaces are close and fastened together, and as a result, the cambium layers are healed into a whole body with connected vascular tissues due to cell proliferation. The grafting has great significance for the propagation of certain fruit trees which do not produce seeds. The grafting can not only keep the excellent characters of the scion variety, but also utilize the favorable characteristics of the stock to achieve the purposes of early fruiting, enhancing the cold resistance, drought resistance and disease and insect resistance, and also can economically utilize propagation materials and increase the number of seedlings.

At present, when the pre-operation of seedling grafting is carried out, the shearing of the contact part of the scion and the stock is mainly carried out by utilizing a manual operation mode, but when the large batch of seedling operation is carried out, the manual shearing mode has low efficiency and uneven shearing quality, so that the survival rate of grafted seedlings is low and the quality of the grafted seedlings is uneven.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a tree grafting and shearing device which can realize the standardized shearing of a scion and a stock, so that the cuts of the scion and the stock are more uniform, the survival rate of grafted seedlings is higher, and the quality of the grafted seedlings is better.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a forest grafting shearing mechanism, includes support body and controller, the support body bottom has end shear plate, the support body top has a shear plate, set up the elevating system who is connected with the controller electricity between end shear plate and the shear plate, the last blade holder that sets up of elevating system, the blade holder top sets up the cutter, the blade holder bottom sets up down the cutter, it all is "V" type with lower cutter to go up the cutter, just it is unanimous with the opening angle of lower cutter, opening opposite direction to go up the cutter, set up on the shear plate with lower cutter matched with end shear position, set up on the shear plate with last cutter matched with end shear position.

Elevating system includes lead screw, slide rail, driving motor and two spacing sensors, the lead screw sets up perpendicularly between end shear plate and top shear plate, the slide rail is on a parallel with the lead screw setting, set up on the blade holder with lead screw matched with lead screw nut and with slide rail matched with linear bearing, driving motor sets up in end shear plate one side, driving motor passes through gear drive, two with the lead screw bottom spacing sensor sets up respectively on end shear plate and top shear plate, and two spacing sensor all suits with the blade holder.

The bottom shearing position comprises a bottom V-shaped limiting block, a bottom pressing device and a bottom pressure-sensitive sensor, the bottom V-shaped limiting block is arranged at the front end of the bottom shearing plate, the bottom pressing device is arranged above the bottom V-shaped limiting block, and the bottom pressure-sensitive sensor is arranged on the bottom shearing plate at the front side of the bottom V-shaped limiting block; the top shearing position comprises a top V-shaped limiting block, a top pressing device and a top pressure-sensitive sensor, the top V-shaped limiting block is arranged at the front end of the top shearing plate, the top pressing device is arranged below the top V-shaped limiting block, and the top pressure-sensitive sensor is arranged on the top shearing plate at the front side of the top V-shaped limiting block.

The bottom-arranged V-shaped limiting blocks and the top-arranged V-shaped limiting blocks are arranged in the front and at the back, the bottom-arranged pressing device is arranged between the two bottom-arranged V-shaped limiting blocks, and the top-arranged pressing device is arranged between the two top-arranged V-shaped limiting blocks.

The bottom-arranged V-shaped limiting block and the top-arranged V-shaped limiting block both comprise an air cylinder and a pressing block, the pressing block is connected with an air cylinder rod of the air cylinder, and the air cylinder is electrically connected with the controller.

The upper cutter and the lower cutter are formed by splicing two blades, a cutter groove is formed in the cutter holder, and the blades are fastened through bolts after being clamped in the cutter groove.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the cutter holder is driven by the lifting mechanism to do reciprocating linear motion in the vertical direction, the V-shaped cutters are arranged at the top and the bottom of the cutter holder, the cutters can be respectively contacted with the top shearing plate and the bottom shearing plate along with the reciprocating motion of the cutter holder to cut the scions and the stocks which are fixedly arranged on the cutters, and the cut scions and the stocks can be in seamless butt joint, so that the grafted seedling quality is improved, and the survival rate of the seedlings is further improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a left side view schematic of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged structural view of the part A of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged view of the part B of the present invention.

Reference numerals shown in the drawings: 1. a frame body; 2. a bottom shear plate; 3. a top shear plate; 4. a lifting mechanism; 5. a tool apron; 6. an upper cutter; 7. a lower cutter; 8. a bottom shearing position; 9. carrying out top shearing; 10. a controller; 12. a V-shaped limiting block is arranged at the bottom; 13. a pressing device is arranged at the bottom; 14. a bottom-mounted pressure sensitive sensor; 15. a V-shaped limiting block is arranged at the top; 16. a pressing device is arranged at the top; 17. an overhead pressure sensitive sensor; 21. a cylinder; 22. briquetting; 41. a lead screw; 42. a slide rail; 43. a drive motor; 44. and a limit sensor.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the present application.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the tree grafting and cutting device according to the present invention includes a frame body 1 and a controller 10, wherein the frame body 1 is used as a support frame of the grafting scion and rootstock cutting device, and the controller 10 is a control core of each action component in the device. The bottom of the frame body 1 is provided with a bottom shear plate 2, the top of the frame body 1 is provided with a top shear plate 3, and the bottom shear plate 2 and the top shear plate 3 are welded and supported through a plurality of support cylinders. Install the elevating system 4 of being connected with controller 10 electricity between bottom shear plate 2 and the top shear plate 3, install blade holder 5 on the elevating system 4, blade holder 5 can carry out the ascending reciprocal linear motion of vertical direction under elevating system 4's drive. An upper cutter 6 is mounted on the top of the cutter holder 5 through a bolt, a lower cutter 7 is mounted on the bottom of the cutter holder 5 through a bolt, the upper cutter 6 and the lower cutter 7 are both V-shaped, and the opening angles of the upper cutter 6 and the lower cutter 7 are consistent and the opening directions are opposite. By the installation mode of the upper cutter 6 and the lower cutter 7, the scion inserting end arranged at the top can be cut, and the stock socket arranged at the bottom can be cut. Because the opening angles of the upper cutter 6 and the lower cutter 7 are consistent, the scion and the stock can be spliced together, so that the scion and the stock can be in seamless butt joint, the grafted seedling quality is improved, and the seedling survival rate is further improved. Correspondingly, the bottom shearing plate 2 is provided with a bottom shearing position 8 matched with the lower cutter 7, and the top shearing plate 3 is provided with a top shearing position 9 matched with the upper cutter 6. When the lifting mechanism 4 drives the cutter holder 5 to perform reciprocating linear motion, when the cutter holder 5 moves to the highest point, the upper cutter 6 can contact the top shearing position 9 to cut the scion fixed on the top shearing position 9, and when the cutter holder moves to the lowest point, the lower cutter 7 can contact the bottom shearing position 8 to cut the rootstock fixed on the bottom shearing position 8. The cut between the scion and the rootstock is just matched.

Specifically, the specific structure of the lifting mechanism 4 is as follows: the lifting mechanism 4 comprises a lead screw 41, a slide rail 42, a driving motor 43 and two limit sensors 44. Wherein the driving motor 43 and the two limit sensors 44 are electrically connected to the controller 10. The bottom shearing plate 2 and the top shearing plate 3 are provided with shaft seats relatively, the lead screw 41 is vertically arranged between the two shaft seats, and the lead screw 41 can rotate under the limit of the shaft seats. The slide rail 42 is a cylindrical linear guide rail, the slide rail 42 is parallel to the lead screw 41, and two ends of the slide rail 42 are respectively fixed on the top shear plate 3 and the bottom shear plate 2 through bolts. And a screw nut matched with the screw 41 and a linear bearing matched with the slide rail 42 are fixedly installed on the tool apron 5 through bolts. The driving motor 43 is fixed on one side of the bottom shearing plate 2 through bolts, the driving motor 43 and the bottom of the lead screw 41 are in gear transmission, the two limiting sensors 44 are respectively fixed on the bottom shearing plate 2 and the top shearing plate 3 through bolts, and the two limiting sensors 44 can be in contact with the tool apron 5. In operation, the controller 10 controls the driving motor 43 to start, and the driving motor 43 drives the lead screw 41, so that the tool holder 5 performs a reciprocating linear motion under the limit of the slide rail 42. When the tool apron 5 moves to the highest point, the upper cutter 6 cuts the scion, the tool apron 5 triggers the limit sensor 44 above, the limit sensor 44 above transmits a signal to the controller 10, the controller 10 controls the driving motor 43 to turn over, so that the tool apron 5 descends, when the tool apron 5 descends to the lowest point, the lower cutter 7 cuts the rootstock, the tool apron 5 triggers the limit sensor 44 below, the limit sensor 44 below transmits a signal to the controller 10, the controller 10 controls the driving motor 43 to stop, so that the tool apron 5 completes one-time reciprocating linear motion, and the scion and rootstock cutting is realized.

Specifically, in order to more conveniently complete the cutting of the scion and the rootstock, the scion and the rootstock should be better fixed at the top shearing position and the bottom shearing position. The bottom shearing position 8 comprises a bottom V-shaped limiting block 12, a bottom pressing device 13 and a bottom pressure-sensitive sensor 14, the bottom V-shaped limiting block 12 is fixed at the front end of the bottom shearing plate 2 through bolts, the bottom pressing device 13 is fixed above the bottom V-shaped limiting block 12 through a support bolt, and the bottom pressure-sensitive sensor 14 is installed on the bottom shearing plate 2 at the front side of the bottom V-shaped limiting block 12. The bottom pressing device 13 adopts an air cylinder 21, and an inverted V-shaped pressing block 22 is arranged on an air cylinder rod of the air cylinder 21. When the fixing device is used, the rootstock is only required to be placed into the V-shaped limiting block 12 arranged at the bottom, and the air cylinder 21 is pressed down to enable the pressing block 22 to fix the rootstock. The top shearing position 9 comprises a top V-shaped limiting block 15, a top pressing device 16 and a top pressure-sensitive sensor 17, the top V-shaped limiting block 15 is fixed at the front end of the top shearing plate 3 through bolts, the top pressing device 16 is fixed below the top V-shaped limiting block 15 through a support bolt, and the top pressure-sensitive sensor 17 is installed on the top shearing plate 3 at the front side of the top V-shaped limiting block 15. The overhead pressing device 16 also adopts a cylinder 21, and a cylinder rod of the cylinder 21 is also provided with an inverted V-shaped pressing block 22. When the device is used, the scion is placed into the overhead V-shaped limiting block 12, the air cylinder 21 is pressed down to enable the pressing block 22 to fix the scion, and therefore the hands of an operator can be liberated.

Furthermore, in order to make the bottom-mounted "V" -shaped stopper 12 and the top-mounted "V" -shaped stopper 15 perform better limitation on the stock and the scion, and prevent the pressing effect of the cylinder 21 from being poor, in this embodiment, the bottom-mounted "V" -shaped stopper 12 and the top-mounted "V" -shaped stopper 15 are both arranged in the front and back direction, the bottom-mounted pressing device 13 is arranged between the two bottom-mounted "V" -shaped stoppers 12, and the top-mounted pressing device 16 is arranged between the two top-mounted "V" -shaped stoppers 15. Through the three-point fixing mode, the scion and the rootstock can extend along the direction of the central line of the V-shaped limiting block, so that the good fixation of the scion and the rootstock is ensured.

Specifically, the upper cutter 6 and the lower cutter 7 used by the device are formed by splicing two blades, the cutter holder 5 is provided with a cutter groove, the blades are clamped in the cutter groove, one ends of the two blades are abutted, and then the blades are fixed in the guide groove through bolt fastening.

The device is simple and stable in structure, when the device is used, only the scion and the stock with similar diameters need to be selected, then the scion and the stock are placed at appropriate positions on the bottom-arranged V-shaped limiting block 12 and the top-arranged V-shaped limiting block 15, the controller can naturally control the cylinder to act to compress the scion and the stock after receiving signals of the bottom-arranged pressure-sensitive sensor 14 and the top-arranged pressure-sensitive sensor 17, then the controller can control the cutter holder to start to perform one-time reciprocating linear motion at the middle position close to the bottom position under the manual triggering or automatic control, and therefore the scion and the stock are moved to the middle position on the lead screw to stop after the cutting is completed.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a forest grafting shearing mechanism, includes support body (1) and controller (10), support body (1) bottom has bottom shear plate (2), support body (1) top has top shear plate (3), its characterized in that: the utility model discloses a cutting device, including base shear plate (2), controller (10), elevating system (4) of being connected with controller (10) electricity is set up between base shear plate (2) and top shear plate (3), set up blade holder (5) on elevating system (4), blade holder (5) top sets up cutter (6), blade holder (5) bottom sets up down cutter (7), it all is "V" type with cutter (7) down to go up cutter (6), just it is unanimous with the opening angle of cutter (7) down, opening opposite direction to go up cutter (6), set up on base shear plate (2) and cut position (8) with cutter (7) matched with end down, set up on top shear plate (3) and cut position (9) with last cutter (6) matched with.

2. The forest grafting shearing device according to claim 1, wherein: elevating system (4) include lead screw (41), slide rail (42), driving motor (43) and two spacing sensors (44), lead screw (41) set up perpendicularly between end shear plate (2) and top shear plate (3), slide rail (42) are on a parallel with lead screw (41) setting, set up on blade holder (5) with lead screw (41) matched with lead screw nut and with slide rail (42) matched with linear bearing, driving motor (43) set up at end shear plate (2) one side, gear drive is passed through with lead screw (41) bottom in driving motor (43), two spacing sensors (44) set up respectively on end shear plate (2) and top shear plate (3), and two spacing sensors (44) all suit with blade holder (5).

3. The forest grafting shearing device according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom shearing position (8) comprises a bottom V-shaped limiting block (12), a bottom pressing device (13) and a bottom pressure-sensitive sensor (14), the bottom V-shaped limiting block (12) is arranged at the front end of the bottom shearing plate (2), the bottom pressing device (13) is arranged above the bottom V-shaped limiting block (12), and the bottom pressure-sensitive sensor (14) is arranged on the bottom shearing plate (2) in front of the bottom V-shaped limiting block (12); the top shearing position (9) comprises a top V-shaped limiting block (15), a top pressing device (16) and a top pressure-sensitive sensor (17), the top V-shaped limiting block (15) is arranged at the front end of the top shearing plate (3), the top pressing device (16) is arranged below the top V-shaped limiting block (15), and the top pressure-sensitive sensor (17) is arranged on the top shearing plate (3) at the front side of the top V-shaped limiting block (15).

4. The forest grafting shearing device according to claim 3, wherein: the bottom V-shaped limiting blocks (12) and the top V-shaped limiting blocks (15) are arranged in a front-back mode, the bottom pressing devices (13) are arranged between the bottom V-shaped limiting blocks (12), and the top pressing devices (16) are arranged between the top V-shaped limiting blocks (15).

5. A forest grafting and cutting device according to any one of claims 3 to 4, characterized in that: the bottom V-shaped limiting block (12) and the top V-shaped limiting block (15) both comprise an air cylinder (21) and a pressing block (22), the pressing block (22) is connected with an air cylinder rod of the air cylinder (21), and the air cylinder (21) is electrically connected with the controller (10).

6. The forest grafting shearing device according to claim 1, wherein: the upper cutter (6) and the lower cutter (7) are formed by splicing two blades, a cutter groove is formed in the cutter holder (5), and the blades are fastened through bolts after being clamped in the cutter groove.